375:, North and South Korea fell under this policy. Consequentially, Finland had to let South Korea establish a trade office in the capital as well. It also entailed that Finland would have to establish formal diplomatic relations with both states. The impetus came in November 1972, when Finland recognized both German states. The following month, North Korean diplomats petitioned the Finnish government to pursue recognition of North Korea as well. Finland simultaneously recognized the two Korean states on 13 April 1973. Diplomatic relations with North Korea were established two months later, on 1 June and with South Korea slightly later on 24 August. Finland became the second Western European country, after Sweden, to establish relations with the North. Because of the policy, however, Finland recognized South Korea later than the other Nordic countries. The Korean question continued to be addressed at the United Nations in the 1970s. Kim Il Sung apparently considered Finland to have a role to play and petitioned him twice by personal letters in 1973. In the 1970s, Finland maintained closer ties with North than South Korea. The tide began to turn in the late 1970s because of unpaid debts and diplomatic incidents. By the mid-1980s, Finland was favoring South Korea over the North, although Kim still described the ties as "cordial" in 1985. Finland was establishing an embassy in Seoul, and let North Korea know that there would be no Finnish embassy in Pyongyang until the country cleaned up its diplomatic act and paid its debts.
492:
2809:
2813:
953:, an organization representing the interest of Finnish metal industries. It was thought that Finnish industries would get a boost from having a presence in North Korea early before Western European or other capitalist countries. The office was fully functioning in 1975. Finnish staff actively took part in social events in the capital because failure to show up could have been interpreted as protest. At the office, the staff was concerned about possible listening devices as it was known that North Koreans had personnel who knew Finnish. In 1972, North Korea had ordered paper machines and other machinery from Finland for over 30 million dollars. Providers included
471:
334:
345:
29:
4002:
3871:
1207:
59:
1193:
48:
277:
The DPRK, which since its very inception has consistently pursued a peace-loving foreign policy, endeavours to promote friendly relations with all countries, irrespective of their social systems, in accordance with the principles of peaceful coexistence. We are ready to establish good relations with all countries which want to form friendly relations with our country.
446:. Only after the Finnish police had determined that there was North Korean diplomatic personnel in Finland to meet the men and escort them to Sweden was it determined that they were entitled to diplomatic immunity as passing by diplomats. The North Korean note accused Finland of human rights violations and the diplomats being bitten by canine police.
276:
The DPRK has established diplomatic relations with eleven socialist countries including the Soviet Union and the People's
Republic of China and is promoting friendly cooperative relations with them. In addition, the DPRK has economic and cultural relations with a number of Asian and African nations.
549:
assessed that North Korea had "invested a lot" in its relations with
Finland. Kim Pyong-il, in particular, was thought to have been chosen as ambassador in order to raise the profile of Finnish relations. On the other hand, Kim was speculated to have been placed in Finland to be out of the way of a
554:
to the country's leadership. Kim Pyong-il was called back to
Pyongyang on 22 April 1994. The departure was sudden and North Korea failed to inform the Finnish Foreign Ministry. This sparked speculation that Kim Il Sung was tormented by doubts about Kim Jong Il's ability to succeed him and maintain
938:
along with other artifacts. In 2016 products worth of just 1,500 euros were exported from
Finland to North Korea, while North Korean exports to Finland were valued at a little over 6,000 euros. Finland's main exports to North Korea have been cranes and dentistry equipment. A relatively high-value
1013:
They will further strengthen the ties of friendship and solidarity with the progressive youth of the whole world, including the
Finnish youth, and will always fight staunchly together with them, on the same side of the barricade in the struggle against the imperialists headed by US imperialism.
994:
I should like to take this opportunity to extend my warm greetings to the
Finnish communists and the working class of Finland for their active support of the righteous struggle of the Korean people to drive the US imperialist aggressors out of south Korea and reunify the country independently.
972:
In the 1970s, Finland sought actively for the debt to be paid and a court of arbitration in Moscow ruled in favor of the
Finnish claims. North Korea still has a debt of more than 26 million dollars to the Finnish state and 6 million to Finnish enterprises. The Finnish state has for a long time
566:
In the 1990s, Finland was a strategic partner due to its traditional role in-between
Western and Eastern countries following North Korea's soured relations with major powers due to its nuclear weapons program. At the time, it was reported that North Korea had also made a set of "unrealistic"
299:
on 1 June 1973. Until the 1990s, the two had sometimes close relations. In recent times, the two countries have not had important relations. The last time that political consultations were held was in 2005. Nowadays, the two countries maintain normal diplomatic relations, but they are not
933:
Bilateral trade between the countries is "virtually non-existent", especially since the 2000s, with occasional spikes. For instance, Finnish imports from North Korea increased 14,000 percent from 2010 to 2011 when trade included some 3,000 North Korean television sets assembled in the
924:
the providence of God. Both members of parliament were invited to a meeting with appreciative North Korean diplomats in
Helsinki and were also invited to visit North Korea. In the past, North Korea sought to influence Finnish politicians a lot, but recent years have lacked enthusiasm.
310:
I wish to express to you and the government of
Finland my deep thanks for the support your government has given to the policy of independent and peaceful reunification of the government of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the struggle of the Korean people to implement it.
1503:
399:
to earn currency. In Finland, this included trafficking drugs and alcohol, unauthorized selling of alcohol wares purchased at diplomatic rates and attempts to sell illegal drugs. The case culminated in a major police operation and a car chase in Helsinki.
1125:. In the 1970s, as much as 71 propaganda works were translated to Finnish, a language spoken by relatively few people worldwide, at great expense. These were distributed to anyone having contacts with the embassy, various leftist organizations, and even
1473:
4368:
3361:
604:, the person responsible for relations with Finland is the head of the Department of Northern Europe, with four staff members. As of 2017, the person is Pak Yun-sik. Finland is dealt with by the ministry's European Affairs Department 2.
541:, had served for about six months, until he reportedly fell ill and left the country in December 1993. However, it could also have been that Choe was recalled for political reasons. Before the shutdown, North Korea used to run much of
290:
North Korea pursued relations with Finland already in the late 1950s. Finland, however, could not agree to the establishment of formal relations with a divided state of the Cold War. Formation of relations culminated in Finnish
4356:
366:
A bilateral trade agreement was signed on 9 October 1969, and a North Korean trade office was established in Helsinki in January 1971. In the 1970s, Finland maintained a prudent foreign policy toward any divided states. Like
4425:
441:
officials had to use tear gas after they refused to cooperate. The men had refused to show their train tickets and their diplomatic passports lacked the appropriate annex for passing through Finland, where they had not been
270:
With how many countries does the Democratic People's Republic of Korea maintain diplomatic relations? If the Republic of Finland wants to establish diplomatic relations with your country, what would be your attitude on this
610:
was appointed the ambassador to both Koreas in September 2016, but As of September 2017, he is yet to leave his letter of accreditation to the North Korean government. The ambassador is a non-resident one in the
969:. At the time the investment was deemed safe, but it quickly ran into many troubles. The equipment was delivered but the payment was never made. Kim Il Sung also identified mining technology as a potential import.
226:
In the 1970s, North Korea purchased two paper machines from Finland for 30 million euros. The debt has never been paid back. Trade between the two countries has been "virtually non-existent" since the 2000s.
1481:
823:, Finland prompted by North Korea. A North Korean delegation arrived to the conference but since there was no South Korean representation the conference was nothing short of a North Korean propaganda event.
1010:
In the future, the young people of Korea will continue to march forward with great force in the vanguard of the struggle for the building of socialism and communism under the leadership of our Party.
3358:
3341:
415:. The incident proved not only damaging to the reputation of North Korea but also put the Finnish authorities in a difficult position because North Korea still remained a diplomatic priority.
3859:
876:
211:
Various diplomatic incidents have taken place over the years. In the 1970s, North Korean diplomats were found to run a smuggling ring in Finland and the other Nordic countries as part of
3438:
763:
My understanding is that all, not just socialist countries, want to live as independent... Finland, too, wants to live as independent and that is why we are in the same position.
563:
on 9 July 1994, and Kim Pyong-il returned to Helsinki as soon as the funeral was over and told the Finnish press that Kim Jong Il was designated as the successor decades before.
4420:
904:, within a week some 40 people had visited the North Korean embassy in Helsinki to express their condolences, including high-ranking government officials. Likewise, after the
437:
of dissatisfaction with Finland after an incident concerning two North Korean diplomats. The diplomats headed to Stockholm were aboard the train from Moscow to Helsinki when
3906:
626:. In the Finnish Foreign Ministry, relations with North Korea are handled by the Unit for Eastern Asia and Oceania, which is under the Department for the Americas and Asia.
3227:
3285:
3091:
3063:
3035:
3003:
1144:
since 1998. The organization is what North Koreans are most likely to know about Finland. One Finnish family of expatriates working for Fida lives in North Korea. The
1049:
4432:
1041:
visited North Korea in 1969. A committee of solidarity with North Korea was established in 1968. In 1970, the committee evolved into the Finnish-Korea Association.
3346:
2505:
177:. This was either to highlight the importance of relations with Finland or to move him out of Pyongyang in order to prevent a power struggle with his half-brother
3852:
526:
district of the capital since spring 1994. The embassy was closed down "for economic reasons". The properties were sold and the embassy subsequently demolished.
592:
was accredited as the ambassador to Finland on 22 January 2013. Pak, however, was called back to Pyongyang in December 2013 following the execution of his ally
3837:
3921:
4486:
4481:
28:
4454:
4450:
3431:
1504:"TP-UTVA:ssa esillä Pohjois-Korean tilanne, Yhdysvallat, Suomen ja Ruotsin välinen yhteistyö sekä Puolustusvoimien viestikoekeskusta koskeva tietovuoto"
4459:
3845:
1045:
4437:
4373:
4295:
1230:
1177:
North Korean exchange students have sought to study in Finland, but the Finnish Foreign Ministry has refused their entry, although a small group of
542:
162:
4051:
3936:
4491:
3786:
3350:
2757:"Pohjois-Korean ainoa suomalaisperhe auttaa paikallisia viljelemään perunaa: Tällaista on joensuulaisten pitkästen elämä suljetussa diktatuurissa"
3981:
3896:
1745:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3803:
300:
particularly close. Finland has often condemned those actions of North Korea that it perceives as threats to international peace and security.
4316:
4285:
4169:
4159:
865:(both SKDL) despite the government's intention to mark the occasion in a low-key fashion. Finns have gifted Kim Il Sung a reindeer pelt and a
3424:
3171:
2685:
2304:
1591:
4332:
4072:
3971:
3951:
2202:"Ruotsilla on jo vuosikymmeniä ollut erityissuhde Pohjois-Koreaan, sanoo tutkija – ja siksi Tukholma on nyt maailmanpolitiikan valokeilassa"
981:
939:
trade of 8,5 million euros worth of cranes to North Korea took place in 2013. In the 1970s, Finland imported mostly rice from North Korea.
4311:
4164:
4154:
4104:
4092:
4056:
4016:
3532:
854:
Kim Il Sung was awarded the 75-year Anniversary Parliamentary Medal of Finland in 1981. In 1982, Kim's 70th birthday was attended by MP
396:
212:
4255:
4149:
4134:
4129:
4077:
3986:
3891:
3777:
3481:
1474:"CMI:n Tuija Talvitie Pohjois-Korea-kokouksesta: 'Mielenkiintoista nähdä, onko kyseessä suuri show vai halu ratkaista ydinaseongelmaa'"
973:
expected no repayment, but in 2017 North Korea hinted that it was willing to fulfill its obligations. The trade office remains closed.
4408:
1038:
916:
motioned the parliament to observe a minute of silence "in remembrance of the Dear Leader Kim Jong-il", while his fellow party member
789:
4290:
4260:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4210:
4205:
4189:
4139:
4036:
3976:
3961:
3956:
3911:
3901:
3694:
1084:
3207:
2981:
1647:
1095:
4280:
4270:
4265:
4250:
4245:
4220:
4184:
4179:
4119:
4041:
4026:
4021:
3966:
3926:
3883:
3782:
3583:
3471:
2152:
1273:
4087:
3875:
3321:
1225:
1141:
4275:
4240:
4174:
4144:
4124:
4099:
4082:
3946:
3941:
3931:
3916:
3745:
3603:
3563:
3522:
3497:
2130:
888:
567:
commercial proposals to Finland. Since the embassy was shut down, North Korea has maintained relations with Finland through the
383:
In 1976, North Korean diplomats were discovered to run extensive smuggling of cigarettes, liquor, and illegal drugs in Finland,
2835:
1380:
1089:
859:
4114:
4109:
4046:
4031:
3991:
3598:
3588:
3461:
3218:
154:
since 1 June 1973. Relations were sometimes close until the 1990s, after which correspondences have significantly diminished.
4398:
3826:
3821:
1053:
3729:
3674:
3669:
3659:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3618:
3537:
3476:
3407:
510:
in Finland from 1978 until it closed it down in 1998. In addition to the embassy, located at Kulosaaren puistotie 32 in the
4361:
3411:
977:
601:
3724:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3689:
3684:
3664:
3654:
3613:
3608:
3573:
3517:
3507:
3502:
4403:
4351:
3447:
1220:
1052:
canceled their planned visit, citing official remarks of North Korea that supported the violent Chinese reaction to the
497:
79:
3719:
3679:
3578:
3558:
3553:
3512:
3466:
621:
616:
573:
568:
481:
476:
191:
186:
4378:
2672:
1642:. Ulkoasiainministeriön julkaisuja (in Finnish). Helsinki: Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland. 1997. p. 65.
454:
3761:
3568:
3527:
4001:
1151:
A Finnish poll found that North Korea is the second least desirable foreign country that Finns would move to, after
1028:
161:
in Finland from 1978 until it closed it down in 1998 for economic reasons. North Korea maintained a fair amount of
1577:"Pohjoismaiset investoinnit Itä-Aasian tiikeritalouksissa: Kohdemaina Singapore, Hongkong, Etelä-Korea ja Taiwan"
935:
3398:
3052:
3020:
2992:
2174:
1429:"Pohjois-Korean johtaja lähetti poikansa lähettilääksi Suomeen Kim Pyong Il jättää valtuuskirjansa Ahtisaarelle"
4393:
4388:
3274:
3080:
1064:
797:
612:
556:
546:
443:
235:
84:
2730:"Pohjois-Korea on valmis puhumaan 40 vuotta vanhasta velasta Suomelle – Ylen erikoishaastattelu Pjongjangissa"
1988:"Pohjois-Korean Helsingin-lähettiläs on kotimaassaan Presidentin nuorempi poika on "loma- ja kokousmatkalla""
1159:
2103:
1060:
894:
583:
402:
231:
215:
to obtain foreign currencies. In 1983 the North Korean ambassador tried to bribe the Finnish prime minister
182:
105:
96:
3304:
Punainen viiva kartalla? Suomen diplomaattisuhteiden synty ja kehitys Etelä-Korean kanssa vuosina 1953-1989
3145:
Salolainen, Pertti (19 January 1973). "Pohjois-Korea ja hänen suuri ja rakastettu johtajansa Kim Il Sung".
897:
party. Gifts from Finland amount to more than the combined total of all other Northern European countries.
333:
1171:
966:
344:
292:
147:
942:
Finland established a trade office in Pyongyang on 1 April 1974. At that time, relations were lobbied by
1174:, although the Finnish Ministry for Foreign Affairs cautions against unnecessary travel to the country.
836:
celebrations and was heavily criticized for supporting the regime. The vice president of the committee,
777:
842:
596:. It is likely that Pak was imprisoned or executed. The current non-resident ambassador to Finland is
4383:
1753:
905:
901:
879:
837:
676:
560:
296:
151:
1163:
883:
1069:
848:
737:
730:
695:
607:
597:
589:
538:
450:
423:
240:
216:
205:
201:
120:
108:
99:
3371:
709:
702:
406:
3198:
Väyrynen, Raimo (1976). "Suomen ja kehitysmaiden taloudelliset suhteet". In Tuomi, Helena (ed.).
3164:
Salakahvilla Pohjois-Koreassa : Markku Toimelan jännittävä tie Pohjois-Korean luottomieheksi
3021:"Answers to Questions Raised by the Delegation of the Democratic Youth League of Finland for the
2783:
1212:
1137:
250:
2020:"Pohjois-Korean lähettiläs jätti valtuuskirjansa Tutkija epäilee, että Kim on ajettu maanpakoon"
875:
was gifted for Kim's 80th birthday in 1992. Kim's 80th birthday was attended by chairman of the
776:
The first parliamentary visit to North Korea took place in 1972. The delegation that was led by
723:
716:
662:
419:
1167:
418:
The biggest blow to diplomatic relations took place in 1983, when the North Korean ambassador,
3289:
3203:
3186:
3167:
3150:
3133:
3116:
3095:
3067:
3039:
3007:
2977:
2960:
2943:
2681:
2636:
2379:
2300:
1723:
1688:
1643:
1587:
1145:
862:
793:
411:
254:
804:
943:
4415:
4342:
3402:
3365:
648:
593:
438:
434:
220:
1107:
1576:
1031:
published a short biography of him in its yearbook and in 1958 Kim gave an interview to
3053:"Talk to the Delegation of the Denmark–Korea Cooperative Relations Promotion Committee"
1884:"Aiempi omistaja Pohjois-Korean valtio – erikoinen myynti-ilmoitus herättää kysymyksiä"
1608:
1198:
1126:
1033:
833:
785:
655:
134:
In the 1970s, Finland made a decision to have diplomatic relations with both North and
4475:
2812:(in Finnish). Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland. 16 August 2017. Archived from
2478:
855:
808:
641:
354:
320:
826:
In the past, a Finnish parliamentary committee, the Finnish-Korea friendship group (
615:, South Korea. Finnish nationals in North Korea may seek urgent assistance from the
430:. North Korean diplomats have also reportedly tried to sell pornography in Finland.
2756:
1925:
1883:
1148:
also operates in the country, in the field of preventing flood and drought damage.
1129:. Some books penned by Finnish authors are prominently distributed in North Korea.
954:
872:
816:
744:
669:
534:
372:
368:
166:
143:
139:
2862:
2452:
2398:
2348:
2321:
2227:
2061:
2019:
1987:
1957:
1856:
1829:
1802:
1776:
1428:
1321:
1077:
Several Finnish organizations have been set up since the 1960s and 1970s to study
550:
potential power struggle following the anticipated succession of his half-brother
2702:
832:) was tasked with relations. The committee visited the country in 1997 to attend
3870:
3246:
1452:
1450:
1297:
1295:
1133:
1119:
1019:
1000:
958:
921:
917:
913:
909:
768:
551:
530:
358:
316:
282:
246:
178:
170:
135:
128:
63:
3416:
2425:
1188:
1027:
Kim Il Sung became known in Finland by the end of the Korean War. By 1952 the
812:
519:
174:
3389:
3293:
3190:
3154:
3137:
3120:
3099:
3071:
3043:
3011:
2964:
2955:
Keisalo, Paavo (11 August 1989). "Matkaopas: Ei nyt sentään minne tahansa!".
2947:
2640:
2383:
1727:
1692:
3312:
3302:
2249:
1178:
523:
511:
3107:
Levi, Nicolas (2010). "A Biography of Kim Pyong Il: The Second Dauphin?".
962:
515:
2888:
559:
regime, and that he still viewed Kim Pyong-il as a potential successor.
3326:
2891:(in Finnish). Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland. 27 December 2018
2108:
1506:(in Finnish). Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland. 19 December 2017
1115:
1111:
507:
392:
304:
Establishment of trade relations, recognition, and diplomatic relations
181:, who succeeded Kim Il Sung. Nowadays, North Korea is represented by a
158:
124:
52:
3181:
Virtanen, Rauli (23 December 1977). "Suomi rynnii nyt Etelä-Koreaan".
2993:"Answers to Questions Put by the Correspondent of a Finnish Newspaper"
2178:
1152:
579:
388:
384:
223:
used teargas on two North Korean diplomats who refused to cooperate.
197:
3384:
2349:"Eduskunnan retki Pohjois-Koreaan ylitti budjettinsa 32000 markalla"
2201:
426:
with $ 5,000. The incident resulted in the diplomat being announced
2322:"Pohjois-Koreasta palanneet kansanedustajat: Nälänhätää liioiteltu"
1926:"Nelisenkymmentä on ottanut osaa Pohjois-Korean suruun Helsingissä"
1718:
Kyheröinen, Kari (29 October 1976). "'Diplomatiaa' ja hermosotaa".
948:
2729:
1103:
1079:
867:
820:
3322:"Sympathy for the devil? Former Pro-North Korean Finn speaks out"
2153:"Embassy of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Stockholm"
295:
of North Korea on 13 April 1973, and the establishment of formal
3275:"Talk to the Chairman of the Finnish People's Democratic League"
1830:"Väkivaltaiset korealaiskuriirit poistettiin junasta Kouvolassa"
1538:
781:
3841:
3420:
2479:"Perussuomalaisten ylistyspuheet toivat kutsun Pohjois-Koreaan"
2426:"Pohjois-Korea: Cityn kesäterveiset kommunismin teemapuistosta"
537:, who had been accredited on 18 March 1994. Kim's predecessor,
165:
through the embassy, which made Finland one of its priorities.
150:
to North Korea on 13 April 1973. The countries have had formal
138:. This mirrored the contemporary policy of relations with both
3308:
1777:"Irakilainen diplomaatti karkotettiin ei-toivottuna henkilönä"
3376:
2938:
Jakobson, Linda (4 November 1994). "Pysähtynyt valtakunta".
1063:
to promote Finnish–North Korean relations in Finland called
234:
to promote Finnish–North Korean relations in Finland called
3081:"Talk to the Delegation of the Communist Party of Portugal"
2537:
2535:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1074:. Likewise, North Korea has its Korea–Finland Association.
819:
organized a conference for the "reunification" of Korea in
245:. Likewise, North Korea has its Korea–Finland Association.
2175:"Structure of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the DPRK"
1958:"Politiikkaa lyhyesti: Pohjois-Korea lopetti lähetystönsä"
1363:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1355:
3307:(Master's thesis) (in Finnish). University of Jyväskylä.
2654:
2652:
2650:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2252:. East-West Center, The National Committee on North Korea
1857:"Suomesta yritetty hankkia tekniikkaa joukkotuhoaseisiin"
2177:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs DPRK. 2017. Archived from
1803:"Diplomaatti: Pohjois-Korea kaupitellut pornoa Suomessa"
3359:
Travel documents when entering Finland from North Korea
2374:
J.O. (7 May 1982). "Siellä kaikilla oli niin mukavaa".
1570:
1568:
1274:"North Korea owes Finland millions in decades-old debt"
518:, North Korea maintained an official residence for the
582:. North Korea's ambassador to Sweden then acts as the
3128:
Pekkarinen, Jussi (13 September 2013). "Lyhyt onni".
2508:(in Finnish). Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland
2155:(in Finnish). Ministry for Foreign affairs of Finland
2043:
2041:
1640:
Suomen diplomaattiset suhteet ulkovaltoihin 1918–1996
1381:"Entering Finland and travelling abroad: North Korea"
1037:. A new interview was given when a delegation of the
851:
were exaggerated. The trip also exceeded its budget.
1687:(in Finnish). No. 28. 12 July 1985. p. 6.
529:
The last ambassador before a temporary diplomat was
4341:
4325:
4304:
4198:
4065:
4009:
3882:
3796:
3770:
3754:
3738:
3627:
3546:
3490:
3454:
3202:(in Finnish). Jyväskylä: Gummerus. pp. 49–85.
2131:"North Korea Newsletter No. 247 (January 31, 2013)"
1981:
1979:
95:
90:
78:
73:
35:
3217:Wertz, Daniel; Oh, JJ; Kim, Insung (August 2016).
3025:, Central Organ of the Communist Party of Finland"
2453:"Eduskunnan perussuomalaisten koottuja ulostuloja"
1048:in 1989 in Pyongyang was greatly reduced when the
877:Communist Workers' Party – For Peace and Socialism
1634:
1632:
1630:
2976:. Lanham: Scarecrow Press. pp. xvii–xliii.
2399:"Politiikkaa lyhyesti: Kim Il Sung sai poppanan"
1422:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1050:National Union of University Students in Finland
4421:2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit
3385:Finnish Society for the Study of the Juche Idea
2635:(in Finnish). 23 January 2016. pp. 12–13.
2062:"Pohjois-Korea vaihtoi lähettilästään Suomessa"
1085:Finnish Society for the Study of the Juche Idea
1008:
992:
761:
308:
265:
3185:(in Finnish). No. 51–52. pp. 40–41.
2863:"Suomesta pääsee yhä matkalle Pohjois-Koreaan"
2299:(in Finnish). Jyväskylä: Docendo. p. 64.
1315:
1313:
3853:
3827:Ambassadors from Finland (current and former)
3432:
1678:
1676:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1521:
827:
8:
2921:
2909:
2104:"N. Korea appoints new ambassador to Sweden"
2097:
2095:
2013:
2011:
2009:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1919:
1917:
1739:
1737:
1575:Korhonen, Kristiina; Kettunen, Erja (2006).
21:
4433:2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit
3132:(in Finnish). No. 37. pp. 50–53.
2959:(in Finnish). No. 32. pp. 50–52.
2942:(in Finnish). No. 44. pp. 18–25.
2680:(in Finnish). Helsinki: Edita. p. 93.
2674:Tiikeriportti: Korean vimma voittaa maailma
2631:"Pohjois-Korealla ystävyysseura Suomessa".
2506:"Ostaisinko vaihteeksi pohjoiskorealaista?"
1268:
1266:
3860:
3846:
3838:
3439:
3425:
3417:
3368:at Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland
3149:(in Finnish). No. 3. pp. 10–12.
2790:(in Finnish). Finnish OneWorld association
2541:
2526:
2282:
2270:
1908:
1667:
1401:
1367:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1246:
771:, to a delegation of Finnish MPs, 1972
422:tried to bribe the Finnish prime minister
4369:1983 NAM Education and Culture Conference
3253:(in Finnish). Yle Radio 1. 21 August 2017
3226:. The National Committee on North Korea.
2230:. Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland
1456:
1383:. Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland
1301:
1046:13th World Festival of Youth and Students
2658:
2570:
2558:
1809:(in Finnish). STT, Reuters. 11 July 2003
1539:"Presidentti Kim Il Sung ja suomalaiset"
545:through its embassy in Finland, and the
409:and three other diplomats were declared
3351:Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland
2618:
2397:Pyykkönen, Anna Leena (28 April 1992).
2378:(in Finnish). No. 19. p. 16.
1722:(in Finnish). No. 44. p. 51.
1584:Helsingin Kauppakorkeakoulun Julkaisuja
1541:(in Finnish). Finland–Korea Association
1242:
586:to Finland and other Nordic countries.
208:, although he is yet to be accredited.
3220:Issue Brief: DPRK Diplomatic Relations
2972:Kim, Ilpyong J. (2003). "Chronology".
2810:"Suomen Punainen Risti/ Pohjois-Korea"
2102:Grisafi, John G. (10 September 2014).
1607:Kauhanen, Anna-Liina (31 March 2000).
908:in 2011, Finnish member of parliament
20:
3233:from the original on 28 December 2016
1322:"Pohjois-Korea jätti Suomelle nootin"
543:its relations with the European Union
163:its relations with the European Union
7:
4438:2019 Koreas–United States DMZ Summit
3162:Toimela, Markku; Aalto, Kaj (2017).
2974:Historical Dictionary of North Korea
2606:
2594:
2582:
2320:Tiilikainen, Teppo (21 April 1997).
2086:
2060:Hämäläinen, Unto (17 January 1998).
2047:
1986:Pentikäinen, Mikael (18 June 1994).
1882:Granström, Teemu (12 October 2016).
1320:Nieminen, Tommi (25 February 2007).
1231:North Korea–European Union relations
982:the latter's nuclear weapons program
449:North Korea has attempted to import
169:, a son of the country's president,
2228:"Unit for Eastern Asia and Oceania"
2200:Töyrylä, Katriina (15 March 2018).
1828:Lapintie, Pyry (17 February 2007).
1744:Parjanen, Matti (26 January 2012).
1705:
1559:
1346:
1181:students has been on a study trip.
847:(SDP), alluded that reports of the
569:Embassy of North Korea in Stockholm
353:A Christmas card sent to President
187:Embassy of North Korea in Stockholm
4487:Bilateral relations of North Korea
3320:Hotham, Oliver (30 January 2017).
3286:Foreign Languages Publishing House
3247:"Suurlähettiläs kahdessa Koreassa"
3166:(in Finnish). Jyväskylä: Docendo.
3092:Foreign Languages Publishing House
3064:Foreign Languages Publishing House
3036:Foreign Languages Publishing House
3004:Foreign Languages Publishing House
2728:Mäkeläinen, Mika (26 April 2017).
1956:Hämäläinen, Unto (10 April 1999).
1427:Hämäläinen, Unto (13 March 1994).
1039:Democratic Youth League of Finland
800:) met with President Kim Il Sung.
701:Chargé d'affaires by announcement
694:Chargé d'affaires by announcement
173:, was chosen as the last resident
14:
3342:North Korean embassy in Stockholm
2889:"Pohjois-Korea: matkustustiedote"
2451:Rantanen, Miska (21 April 2012).
2424:Pettersson, Maria (3 July 2009).
1098:. There are plaques from Finnish
617:Embassy of North Korea, Stockholm
477:Embassy of North Korea, Stockholm
4000:
3876:Foreign relations of North Korea
3869:
3818:Current ambassadors from Finland
2861:Halminen, Laura (9 April 2013).
2784:"Pohjois-Korean näkymätön nälkä"
2755:Pajari, Katariina (8 May 2017).
2485:(in Finnish). STT. 14 March 2012
2347:Hautamäki, Jaakko (8 May 1997).
1924:Karvonen, Pekka (15 July 1994).
1226:Foreign relations of North Korea
1205:
1191:
1158:Three Finnish travel agencies –
1142:potato production in North Korea
490:
469:
397:North Korea's illicit activities
343:
332:
213:North Korea's illicit activities
57:
46:
27:
1472:Turkki, Kirsi (18 March 2018).
1140:has worked with healthcare and
4492:Bilateral relations of Finland
3804:Diplomatic missions of Finland
2504:Tervo, Matti (12 April 2011).
2018:Himma, Katri (19 March 1994).
1775:Mölsä, Jouni (11 April 1991).
1746:"Muumiaatetta Pohjois-Koreaan"
1054:1989 Tiananmen Square protests
1044:The Finnish delegation to the
433:In 2007, North Korea issued a
1:
4482:Finland–North Korea relations
3412:Wilson Center Digital Archive
2836:"Venäjälle ei haluta muuttaa"
978:sanctions against North Korea
757:Inter-parliamentary relations
602:North Korean Foreign Ministry
204:. His Finnish counterpart is
117:Finland–North Korea relations
22:Finland–North Korea relations
4462:(includes list of ministers)
4357:Security Council resolutions
3813:Ministry for Foreign Affairs
3448:Foreign relations of Finland
3372:Swedish embassy in Pyongyang
1752:(in Finnish). Archived from
1221:Foreign relations of Finland
1172:tourist trips to North Korea
498:Embassy of Sweden, Pyongyang
80:Embassy of Sweden, Pyongyang
4460:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
4379:Inter-Korean Liaison Office
3313:URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201406232123
3284:. Vol. 37. Pyongyang:
3090:. Vol. 39. Pyongyang:
3062:. Vol. 28. Pyongyang:
3034:. Vol. 24. Pyongyang:
3002:. Vol. 12. Pyongyang:
2782:Tervo, Matti (3 May 2011).
2703:"Kimin & Kekkosen aika"
1855:Passi, Minna (9 May 2010).
1094:it has been studied by the
613:Embassy of Finland in Seoul
455:weapons of mass destruction
4508:
2842:(in Finnish). 17 June 2012
2250:"North Korea in the World"
1096:Communist Party of Finland
1029:Communist Party of Finland
988:Non-governmental relations
506:North Korea maintained an
146:. Finland extended formal
4446:
3998:
3377:Finland–Korea Association
3364:19 September 2023 at the
2297:Suomettumisen syövereissä
1586:(in Finnish) (B-74): 79.
1065:Finland–Korea Association
936:Kaesong Industrial Region
882:and member of parliament
829:Suomi-Korea-ystävyysryhmä
811:(SKDL) along with former
461:Diplomatic representation
236:Finland–Korea Association
85:Embassy of Finland, Seoul
69:
56:
45:
26:
3907:Central African Republic
3347:Sanctions on North Korea
2922:Toimela & Aalto 2017
2910:Toimela & Aalto 2017
2709:(in Finnish). No. 3
2295:Seppinen, Jukka (2011).
1909:Wertz, Oh & Kim 2016
1683:"Suomi tällä viikolla".
1402:Wertz, Oh & Kim 2016
547:Finnish Foreign Ministry
257:operate in the country.
3301:Mäkkylä, Laura (2014).
3200:Suomi ja kolmas maailma
584:non-resident ambassador
183:non-resident ambassador
106:Non-resident ambassador
102:(accreditation pending)
97:Non-resident ambassador
4451:Diplomatic missions of
3822:Ambassadors to Finland
3051:Kim Il-sung (1986b) .
3019:Kim Il-sung (1986a) .
2671:Turkki, Teppo (1998).
1061:friendship association
1016:
997:
828:
765:
630:Former representatives
313:
293:diplomatic recognition
279:
232:friendship association
148:diplomatic recognition
3273:Kim Il-sung (1991) .
3079:Kim Il-sung (1995) .
2991:Kim Il-sung (1983) .
2701:Aikio, Aslak (1999).
1083:. In addition to the
860:Minister of Education
4384:Inter-Korean summits
3066:. pp. 396–410.
3038:. pp. 121–141.
3006:. pp. 535–537.
2816:on 19 September 2023
906:death of Kim Jong-il
902:death of Kim Il-sung
784:) and also included
297:diplomatic relations
152:diplomatic relations
1609:"3 x Pohjois-Korea"
849:North Korean famine
807:(SDP) and minister
451:dual-use technology
424:Johannes Virolainen
217:Johannes Virolainen
200:, who is currently
157:North Korea had an
121:bilateral relations
23:
18:Bilateral relations
3288:. pp. 86–96.
3282:Kim Il Sung: Works
3094:. pp. 10–23.
3088:Kim Il Sung: Works
3060:Kim Il Sung: Works
3032:Kim Il Sung: Works
3000:Kim Il Sung: Works
1349:, pp. 536–537
1213:North Korea portal
1138:Fida International
1102:associations from
778:Veikko J. Rytkönen
379:Illicit activities
251:Fida International
74:Diplomatic mission
4469:
4468:
3922:Equatorial Guinea
3835:
3834:
3173:978-952-291-369-2
2867:Helsingin Sanomat
2761:Helsingin Sanomat
2687:978-951-37-5662-8
2621:, pp. 51–52.
2529:, pp. 50–52.
2483:Helsingin Sanomat
2457:Helsingin Sanomat
2403:Helsingin Sanomat
2353:Helsingin Sanomat
2326:Helsingin Sanomat
2306:978-951-0-38127-4
2066:Helsingin Sanomat
2024:Helsingin Sanomat
1992:Helsingin Sanomat
1962:Helsingin Sanomat
1930:Helsingin Sanomat
1861:Helsingin Sanomat
1834:Helsingin Sanomat
1807:Helsingin Sanomat
1781:Helsingin Sanomat
1593:978-952-488-041-1
1433:Helsingin Sanomat
1326:Helsingin Sanomat
1146:Finnish Red Cross
815:director-general
794:Pertti Salolainen
428:persona non grata
412:persona non grata
403:Chargé d'affaires
255:Finnish Red Cross
114:
113:
4499:
4004:
3874:
3873:
3862:
3855:
3848:
3839:
3441:
3434:
3427:
3418:
3381:
3355:
3331:
3316:
3297:
3279:
3262:
3260:
3258:
3242:
3240:
3238:
3232:
3225:
3213:
3194:
3183:Suomen Kuvalehti
3177:
3158:
3147:Suomen Kuvalehti
3141:
3130:Suomen Kuvalehti
3124:
3103:
3085:
3075:
3057:
3047:
3029:
3015:
2997:
2987:
2968:
2957:Suomen Kuvalehti
2951:
2940:Suomen Kuvalehti
2925:
2919:
2913:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2832:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2806:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2752:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2725:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2679:
2668:
2662:
2656:
2645:
2644:
2628:
2622:
2616:
2610:
2604:
2598:
2592:
2586:
2580:
2574:
2568:
2562:
2556:
2545:
2539:
2530:
2524:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2376:Suomen Kuvalehti
2371:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2292:
2286:
2280:
2274:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2099:
2090:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2015:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1983:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1953:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1921:
1912:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1741:
1732:
1731:
1720:Suomen Kuvalehti
1715:
1709:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1685:Suomen Kuvalehti
1680:
1671:
1665:
1654:
1653:
1636:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1581:
1572:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1535:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1484:on 18 March 2018
1480:. Archived from
1469:
1463:
1454:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1424:
1405:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1377:
1371:
1365:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1317:
1308:
1299:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1270:
1215:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1201:
1196:
1195:
1194:
1093:
1073:
1023:
1004:
952:
892:
846:
831:
805:Sakari Knuuttila
772:
625:
577:
561:Kim Il-sung died
494:
493:
485:
473:
472:
347:
336:
324:
286:
244:
195:
61:
60:
50:
49:
31:
24:
4507:
4506:
4502:
4501:
4500:
4498:
4497:
4496:
4472:
4471:
4470:
4465:
4442:
4416:Six-party talks
4337:
4321:
4300:
4194:
4061:
4005:
3996:
3878:
3868:
3866:
3836:
3831:
3792:
3766:
3750:
3734:
3623:
3542:
3486:
3450:
3445:
3403:Finnish Customs
3379:
3366:Wayback Machine
3353:
3338:
3319:
3300:
3277:
3272:
3269:
3267:Further reading
3256:
3254:
3245:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3223:
3216:
3210:
3197:
3180:
3174:
3161:
3144:
3127:
3106:
3083:
3078:
3055:
3050:
3027:
3018:
2995:
2990:
2984:
2971:
2954:
2937:
2934:
2929:
2928:
2920:
2916:
2908:
2904:
2894:
2892:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2872:
2870:
2860:
2859:
2855:
2845:
2843:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2819:
2817:
2808:
2807:
2803:
2793:
2791:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2766:
2764:
2754:
2753:
2749:
2739:
2737:
2727:
2726:
2722:
2712:
2710:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2688:
2677:
2670:
2669:
2665:
2657:
2648:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2617:
2613:
2605:
2601:
2593:
2589:
2581:
2577:
2569:
2565:
2557:
2548:
2542:Pekkarinen 2013
2540:
2533:
2527:Pekkarinen 2013
2525:
2521:
2511:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2488:
2486:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2462:
2460:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2435:
2433:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2408:
2406:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2358:
2356:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2331:
2329:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2307:
2294:
2293:
2289:
2283:Salolainen 1973
2281:
2277:
2271:Salolainen 1973
2269:
2265:
2255:
2253:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2233:
2231:
2226:
2225:
2221:
2211:
2209:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2184:
2182:
2181:on 30 June 2020
2173:
2172:
2168:
2158:
2156:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2136:
2134:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2114:
2112:
2101:
2100:
2093:
2085:
2081:
2071:
2069:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2046:
2039:
2029:
2027:
2017:
2016:
2007:
1997:
1995:
1985:
1984:
1977:
1967:
1965:
1955:
1954:
1945:
1935:
1933:
1923:
1922:
1915:
1907:
1903:
1893:
1891:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1866:
1864:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1839:
1837:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1812:
1810:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1786:
1784:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1759:
1757:
1743:
1742:
1735:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1704:
1700:
1682:
1681:
1674:
1668:Pekkarinen 2013
1666:
1657:
1650:
1638:
1637:
1628:
1618:
1616:
1613:Ylioppilaslehti
1606:
1605:
1601:
1594:
1579:
1574:
1573:
1566:
1562:, p. xxii.
1558:
1554:
1544:
1542:
1537:
1536:
1519:
1509:
1507:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1487:
1485:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1455:
1448:
1438:
1436:
1426:
1425:
1408:
1400:
1396:
1386:
1384:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1368:Pekkarinen 2013
1366:
1353:
1345:
1341:
1331:
1329:
1319:
1318:
1311:
1300:
1293:
1283:
1281:
1280:. 29 April 2017
1272:
1271:
1244:
1239:
1211:
1206:
1204:
1197:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1087:
1067:
1025:
1018:
1012:
1011:
1006:
999:
990:
976:Finland enacts
946:
931:
929:Trade relations
886:
880:Timo Lahdenmäki
840:
838:Matti Vähänäkki
774:
767:
759:
691:
677:Ilkka Ristimäki
663:Risto Hyvärinen
649:Martti Salomies
637:
632:
619:
594:Jang Song-thaek
571:
504:
503:
502:
501:
500:
495:
491:
487:
486:
479:
474:
470:
463:
439:Finnish Customs
435:diplomatic note
381:
364:
363:
362:
361:
350:
349:
348:
339:
338:
337:
326:
319:in a letter to
315:
306:
288:
281:
272:
263:
238:
221:Finnish Customs
189:
62:
58:
51:
47:
19:
12:
11:
5:
4505:
4503:
4495:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4474:
4473:
4467:
4466:
4464:
4463:
4457:
4455:in North Korea
4447:
4444:
4443:
4441:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4429:
4428:
4418:
4413:
4412:
4411:
4409:September 2018
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4381:
4376:
4374:European Union
4371:
4366:
4365:
4364:
4359:
4352:United Nations
4348:
4346:
4339:
4338:
4336:
4335:
4329:
4327:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4319:
4314:
4308:
4306:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4298:
4296:United Kingdom
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4202:
4200:
4196:
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4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4096:
4095:
4090:
4080:
4075:
4069:
4067:
4063:
4062:
4060:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4013:
4011:
4007:
4006:
3999:
3997:
3995:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3888:
3886:
3880:
3879:
3867:
3865:
3864:
3857:
3850:
3842:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3829:
3824:
3815:
3810:
3800:
3798:
3797:Related topics
3794:
3793:
3791:
3790:
3780:
3774:
3772:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3764:
3758:
3756:
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3446:
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3443:
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3429:
3421:
3415:
3414:
3405:
3399:Country report
3396:
3394:Finland Abroad
3387:
3382:
3374:
3369:
3356:
3344:
3337:
3336:External links
3334:
3333:
3332:
3317:
3298:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3263:
3243:
3214:
3208:
3195:
3178:
3172:
3159:
3142:
3125:
3104:
3076:
3048:
3023:Kansan Uutiset
3016:
2988:
2982:
2969:
2952:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2924:, p. 141.
2914:
2902:
2880:
2853:
2827:
2801:
2774:
2747:
2720:
2693:
2686:
2663:
2646:
2623:
2611:
2599:
2587:
2585:, p. 400.
2575:
2563:
2546:
2531:
2519:
2496:
2470:
2443:
2416:
2389:
2366:
2339:
2312:
2305:
2287:
2275:
2263:
2241:
2219:
2192:
2166:
2144:
2122:
2091:
2079:
2052:
2037:
2005:
1975:
1943:
1913:
1901:
1874:
1847:
1820:
1794:
1767:
1756:on 8 July 2020
1733:
1710:
1698:
1672:
1655:
1648:
1626:
1599:
1592:
1564:
1552:
1517:
1495:
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1446:
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1394:
1372:
1351:
1339:
1309:
1291:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1202:
1199:Finland portal
1186:
1183:
1164:Mandala Travel
1034:Kansan Uutiset
1007:
991:
989:
986:
930:
927:
884:Pekka Leppänen
863:Kalevi Kivistö
834:Day of the Sun
786:Lasse Lehtinen
760:
758:
755:
754:
753:
749:
748:
741:
734:
727:
720:
713:
706:
699:
690:
687:
686:
685:
681:
680:
673:
666:
659:
656:Pentti Suomela
652:
645:
636:
633:
631:
628:
496:
489:
488:
475:
468:
467:
466:
465:
464:
462:
459:
457:from Finland.
380:
377:
352:
351:
342:
341:
340:
331:
330:
329:
328:
327:
307:
305:
302:
264:
262:
259:
112:
111:
103:
93:
92:
88:
87:
82:
76:
75:
71:
70:
67:
66:
55:
43:
42:
40:
37:
36:
33:
32:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4504:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4452:
4449:
4448:
4445:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4427:
4424:
4423:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4386:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4354:
4353:
4350:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4340:
4334:
4331:
4330:
4328:
4326:Former states
4324:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4303:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
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4257:
4254:
4252:
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4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
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4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
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4197:
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4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
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4166:
4163:
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4146:
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4138:
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4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4070:
4068:
4064:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4052:United States
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4008:
4003:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3937:Guinea-Bissau
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3872:
3863:
3858:
3856:
3851:
3849:
3844:
3843:
3840:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3795:
3788:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3769:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3755:Multinational
3753:
3747:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3737:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3626:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3545:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3533:United States
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3489:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3442:
3437:
3435:
3430:
3428:
3423:
3422:
3419:
3413:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3367:
3363:
3360:
3357:
3352:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3305:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3276:
3271:
3270:
3266:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3229:
3222:
3221:
3215:
3211:
3209:951-20-1314-2
3205:
3201:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3179:
3175:
3169:
3165:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3082:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3054:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3026:
3024:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2994:
2989:
2985:
2983:0-8108-4331-5
2979:
2975:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2936:
2935:
2931:
2923:
2918:
2915:
2912:, p. 40.
2911:
2906:
2903:
2890:
2884:
2881:
2868:
2864:
2857:
2854:
2841:
2837:
2831:
2828:
2815:
2811:
2805:
2802:
2789:
2785:
2778:
2775:
2762:
2758:
2751:
2748:
2735:
2731:
2724:
2721:
2708:
2704:
2697:
2694:
2689:
2683:
2676:
2675:
2667:
2664:
2661:, p. 24.
2660:
2659:Jakobson 1994
2655:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2627:
2624:
2620:
2615:
2612:
2609:, p. 137
2608:
2603:
2600:
2597:, p. 134
2596:
2591:
2588:
2584:
2579:
2576:
2573:, p. 52.
2572:
2571:Väyrynen 1976
2567:
2564:
2561:, p. 40.
2560:
2559:Virtanen 1977
2555:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2544:, p. 52.
2543:
2538:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2523:
2520:
2507:
2500:
2497:
2484:
2480:
2474:
2471:
2458:
2454:
2447:
2444:
2431:
2427:
2420:
2417:
2404:
2400:
2393:
2390:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2370:
2367:
2354:
2350:
2343:
2340:
2327:
2323:
2316:
2313:
2308:
2302:
2298:
2291:
2288:
2285:, p. 10.
2284:
2279:
2276:
2272:
2267:
2264:
2251:
2245:
2242:
2229:
2223:
2220:
2207:
2203:
2196:
2193:
2180:
2176:
2170:
2167:
2154:
2148:
2145:
2132:
2126:
2123:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2089:, p. 43.
2088:
2083:
2080:
2067:
2063:
2056:
2053:
2050:, p. 42.
2049:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2025:
2021:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2006:
1993:
1989:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1963:
1959:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1944:
1931:
1927:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1911:, p. 11.
1910:
1905:
1902:
1889:
1885:
1878:
1875:
1862:
1858:
1851:
1848:
1835:
1831:
1824:
1821:
1808:
1804:
1798:
1795:
1782:
1778:
1771:
1768:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1714:
1711:
1708:, p. 23.
1707:
1702:
1699:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1679:
1677:
1673:
1670:, p. 53.
1669:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1656:
1651:
1649:951-724-118-6
1645:
1641:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1614:
1610:
1603:
1600:
1595:
1589:
1585:
1578:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1556:
1553:
1540:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1505:
1499:
1496:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1468:
1465:
1461:
1459:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1434:
1430:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1398:
1395:
1382:
1376:
1373:
1370:, p. 50.
1369:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1340:
1327:
1323:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1304:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1279:
1275:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1236:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1203:
1200:
1189:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1122:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1075:
1071:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1035:
1030:
1024:
1021:
1015:
1005:
1002:
996:
987:
985:
983:
979:
974:
970:
968:
964:
960:
956:
950:
945:
940:
937:
928:
926:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
898:
896:
895:Left Alliance
890:
885:
881:
878:
874:
870:
869:
864:
861:
857:
856:Veikko Saarto
852:
850:
844:
839:
835:
830:
824:
822:
818:
814:
810:
809:Veikko Saarto
806:
801:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
773:
770:
764:
756:
751:
750:
746:
742:
739:
738:Choe Sang-bom
735:
732:
731:Ryo Sung-chol
728:
725:
721:
718:
714:
711:
707:
704:
700:
697:
696:Chog Sung-kyn
693:
692:
688:
683:
682:
678:
674:
671:
667:
664:
660:
657:
653:
650:
646:
643:
642:Veli Helenius
639:
638:
634:
629:
627:
623:
618:
614:
609:
608:Eero Suominen
605:
603:
599:
598:Kang Yong-dok
595:
591:
590:Pak Kwang-cho
587:
585:
581:
575:
570:
564:
562:
558:
553:
548:
544:
540:
539:Choe Sang-bom
536:
532:
527:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
499:
483:
478:
460:
458:
456:
453:suitable for
452:
447:
445:
440:
436:
431:
429:
425:
421:
416:
414:
413:
408:
405:
404:
398:
394:
390:
386:
378:
376:
374:
370:
360:
356:
355:Urho Kekkonen
346:
335:
325:
322:
321:Urho Kekkonen
318:
312:
303:
301:
298:
294:
287:
284:
278:
275:
269:
260:
258:
256:
252:
248:
242:
237:
233:
228:
224:
222:
218:
214:
209:
207:
206:Eero Suominen
203:
202:Kang Yong-dok
199:
193:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
155:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
132:
130:
126:
122:
118:
110:
109:Kang Yong-dok
107:
104:
101:
100:Eero Suominen
98:
94:
89:
86:
83:
81:
77:
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4343:Multilateral
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3897:Burkina Faso
3778:Soviet Union
3593:
3482:South Africa
3393:
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1277:
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1131:
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1078:
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1026:
1017:
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993:
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941:
932:
899:
873:double cloth
866:
853:
825:
817:Eino S. Repo
802:
775:
766:
762:
745:Kim Pyong-il
710:Han Jong-cho
703:Chang Dae-hi
689:North Korean
670:Arto Mansala
606:
588:
565:
535:Kim Pyong-il
528:
514:district of
505:
448:
432:
427:
417:
410:
407:Chang Dae-hi
401:
382:
373:West Germany
365:
314:
309:
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229:
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210:
167:Kim Pyong-il
156:
144:West Germany
133:
116:
115:
15:
4317:New Zealand
4286:Switzerland
4170:South Korea
4160:Philippines
3695:Netherlands
3594:North Korea
3390:North Korea
3257:9 September
2932:Works cited
2895:19 February
2840:Karjalainen
2820:19 February
2794:19 February
2788:Maailma.net
2734:Yle Uutiset
2512:19 February
2256:16 December
2234:19 February
2206:Yle Uutiset
1510:19 February
1134:Pentecostal
1127:Sámi people
1088: [
1068: [
1059:There is a
1020:Kim Il Sung
1001:Kim Il Sung
980:because of
947: [
922:Kim Jong Un
918:Juho Eerola
914:Finns Party
910:Kaj Turunen
887: [
841: [
803:In 1982 MP
769:Kim Il Sung
743:Ambassador
736:Ambassador
729:Ambassador
722:Ambassador
715:Ambassador
708:Ambassador
675:Ambassador
668:Ambassador
661:Ambassador
654:Ambassador
647:Ambassador
640:Ambassador
620: [
572: [
552:Kim Jong Il
531:Kim Il Sung
480: [
395:as part of
359:Kim Il Sung
317:Kim Il Sung
283:Kim Il Sung
247:Pentecostal
239: [
230:There is a
219:. In 2007,
190: [
179:Kim Jong Il
171:Kim Il Sung
136:South Korea
129:North Korea
64:North Korea
4476:Categories
4399:April 2018
4333:Yugoslavia
4073:Bangladesh
3972:Seychelles
3952:Mauritania
3808:in Finland
3783:Yugoslavia
3584:Kazakhstan
3472:Mozambique
3237:19 January
1750:Aikalainen
1237:References
1170:– arrange
1022:, 1969
1003:, 1969
900:After the
813:Yleisradio
724:Li Nam-kyu
717:Yu Jae-han
557:Kim family
520:ambassador
444:accredited
420:Yu Jae-han
323:, 1973
285:, 1958
175:ambassador
4426:reactions
4362:Sanctions
4345:relations
4312:Australia
4165:Singapore
4155:Palestine
4105:Indonesia
4093:Hong Kong
4057:Venezuela
4017:Argentina
3787:NN States
3746:Australia
3604:Palestine
3564:Indonesia
3523:Nicaragua
3498:Argentina
3408:Documents
3294:827642144
3251:Ykkösaamu
3191:0039-5552
3155:0039-5552
3138:0039-5552
3121:1353-4645
3100:827642144
3072:827642144
3044:827642144
3012:827642144
2965:0039-5552
2948:0039-5552
2713:22 August
2641:0355-5461
2633:Iltalehti
2607:Kim 1986a
2595:Kim 1986a
2583:Kim 1986b
2384:0039-5552
2212:22 August
2087:Levi 2010
2048:Levi 2010
1888:Iltalehti
1760:23 August
1728:0039-5552
1693:0039-5552
1478:Aamulehti
1458:Ykkösaamu
1303:Ykkösaamu
1179:dentistry
1168:Travel Oy
1108:Jyväskylä
967:Strömberg
747:1994–1997
740:1993–1994
733:1990–1993
726:1984–1989
719:1979–1983
712:1978–1979
672:1989–1992
665:1984–1999
658:1976–1984
651:1974–1976
644:1973–1974
600:. In the
524:Tammisalo
522:, in the
512:Kulosaari
268:Question:
4404:May 2018
4256:Portugal
4150:Pakistan
4135:Mongolia
4130:Malaysia
4078:Cambodia
4010:Americas
3987:Tanzania
3892:Botswana
3599:Pakistan
3589:Malaysia
3491:Americas
3462:Ethiopia
3362:Archived
3228:Archived
3109:Parallax
2740:29 April
2133:. Yonhap
1706:Kim 1995
1560:Kim 2003
1488:18 March
1462:, 24:00.
1347:Kim 1983
1307:, 23:00.
1284:29 April
1278:Yle News
1185:See also
1136:charity
963:Tampella
959:Ahlström
752:Sources:
516:Helsinki
253:and the
249:charity
123:between
4305:Oceania
4291:Ukraine
4261:Romania
4236:Iceland
4231:Hungary
4226:Germany
4216:Finland
4211:Denmark
4206:Albania
4190:Vietnam
4140:Myanmar
4088:History
4037:Grenada
3977:Somalia
3962:Nigeria
3957:Namibia
3912:Comoros
3902:Burundi
3739:Oceania
3730:Ukraine
3675:Iceland
3670:Hungary
3660:Germany
3650:Estonia
3645:Denmark
3640:Croatia
3635:Austria
3619:Vietnam
3538:Uruguay
3477:Namibia
3410:at the
3327:NK News
2185:22 June
2109:NK News
1160:Olympia
1118:at the
1116:Tampere
1112:Joensuu
920:wished
912:of the
893:of the
684:Source:
635:Finnish
533:'s son
508:embassy
393:Denmark
274:Answer:
271:matter?
261:History
185:in the
159:embassy
125:Finland
53:Finland
4281:Sweden
4271:Serbia
4266:Russia
4251:Poland
4246:Norway
4221:France
4199:Europe
4185:Turkey
4180:Taiwan
4120:Israel
4042:Mexico
4027:Canada
4022:Brazil
3967:Rwanda
3927:Gambia
3884:Africa
3771:Former
3725:Sweden
3715:Serbia
3710:Russia
3705:Poland
3700:Norway
3690:Latvia
3685:Kosovo
3665:Greece
3655:France
3628:Europe
3614:Turkey
3609:Taiwan
3574:Israel
3518:Mexico
3508:Canada
3503:Brazil
3455:Africa
3292:
3206:
3189:
3170:
3153:
3136:
3119:
3098:
3070:
3042:
3010:
2980:
2963:
2946:
2873:13 May
2846:13 May
2767:13 May
2707:Kaltio
2684:
2639:
2489:13 May
2463:13 May
2436:15 May
2409:13 May
2382:
2359:13 May
2332:13 May
2303:
2159:14 May
2137:14 May
2115:14 May
2072:13 May
2030:13 May
1998:13 May
1968:13 May
1936:13 May
1894:14 May
1867:13 May
1840:13 May
1813:13 May
1787:13 May
1726:
1691:
1646:
1619:14 May
1590:
1545:15 May
1439:13 May
1387:14 May
1332:13 May
1166:, and
1153:Russia
1114:, and
965:, and
792:) and
580:Sweden
391:, and
389:Norway
385:Sweden
198:Sweden
4276:Spain
4241:Italy
4175:Syria
4145:Nepal
4125:Japan
4100:India
4083:China
3947:Libya
3942:Kenya
3932:Ghana
3917:Egypt
3720:Spain
3680:Italy
3579:Japan
3559:India
3554:China
3513:Chile
3467:Kenya
3278:(PDF)
3231:(PDF)
3224:(PDF)
3084:(PDF)
3056:(PDF)
3028:(PDF)
2996:(PDF)
2678:(PDF)
1580:(PDF)
1123:Tower
1121:Juche
1104:Vaasa
1100:Juche
1092:]
1080:Juche
1072:]
951:]
944:Metex
891:]
868:ryijy
845:]
821:Espoo
679:1992–
624:]
576:]
484:]
243:]
194:]
91:Envoy
4394:2007
4389:2000
4115:Iraq
4110:Iran
4066:Asia
4047:Peru
4032:Cuba
3992:Togo
3762:NATO
3569:Iran
3547:Asia
3528:Peru
3290:OCLC
3259:2017
3239:2017
3204:ISBN
3187:ISSN
3168:ISBN
3151:ISSN
3134:ISSN
3117:ISSN
3096:OCLC
3068:OCLC
3040:OCLC
3008:OCLC
2978:ISBN
2961:ISSN
2944:ISSN
2897:2019
2875:2017
2848:2017
2822:2019
2796:2019
2769:2017
2742:2017
2715:2019
2682:ISBN
2637:ISSN
2514:2019
2491:2017
2465:2017
2438:2017
2430:City
2411:2017
2380:ISSN
2361:2017
2334:2017
2301:ISBN
2258:2020
2236:2019
2214:2019
2187:2017
2161:2017
2139:2017
2117:2017
2074:2017
2032:2017
2000:2017
1970:2017
1938:2017
1896:2017
1869:2017
1842:2017
1815:2017
1789:2017
1762:2019
1724:ISSN
1689:ISSN
1644:ISBN
1621:2017
1588:ISBN
1547:2017
1512:2019
1490:2018
1460:2017
1441:2017
1389:2017
1334:2017
1305:2017
1286:2017
871:. A
858:and
782:SKDL
705:1973
698:1973
555:the
371:and
369:East
142:and
140:East
127:and
119:are
3401:at
3392:at
3349:at
3309:URN
3113:VII
798:NCP
790:SDP
357:by
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