262:
174:
701:. Turbidity is defined as the measure of water clarity by how much the suspended material, such as algae and phytoplankton, constrict the passage of sunlight through water. Hence, as phytoplankton begin to multiply more rapidly, turbidity in the river and gulf increases. The increasing turbidity blocks plants from absorbing sunlight. The process of turbidity results in limited photosynthesis production, and sometimes even death from sunlight deprivation of the submerged aquatic vegetation that are affected by the opaque turbid water accumulating at the surface.
5205:
595:. This toxin results in the fish developing bleeding lesions, and their skin flakes off in the water. The dinoflagellates then eat the blood and flakes of tissue while the affected fish die. Fish kills by this dinoflagellate are common, and they may also have been responsible for kills in the past which were thought to have had other causes. Kills like these can be viewed as natural mechanisms for regulating the population of exceptionally abundant fish. The rate at which the kills occur increases as organically polluted
727:
101:
3266:
3421:
4413:
4395:
293:, flukes and worms, or crustaceans. These are naturally occurring in many bodies of water, and fish that are stressed for other reasons, such as spawning or suboptimal water quality, are more susceptible. Signs of disease include sores, missing scales or lack of slime, strange growths or visible parasites, and abnormal behavior–lazy, erratic, gasping at the water surface or floating head, tail or belly up.
671:
29:
5459:
489:
4425:
501:
509:
693:. As phytoplankton continue to rapidly grow under optimal conditions, their biomass is almost doubled every 24 hours. In the water, higher concentrations of organic matter are present because of the high reproductive rate of the phytoplankton over a short period of time. The rapid growth of phytoplankton causes
2265:
717:
Consequently, as more bacteria, phytoplankton, and algae exponentially grow and multiply, the more submerged aquatic vegetation die, because they do not have access to sunlight due to eutrophication. Once this snowball-like course of action is in full motion, a dead zone has been created. As a result
713:
and begin to die. As the dead phytoplankton accumulate, detritus, or organic matter waste, forms at the surface along with other bacteria and algae. As more phytoplankton die, the higher the concentration of organic matter becomes; and with a higher concentration of organic matter, more bacteria will
1712:
An independent assessment found that three significant fish death events were primarily caused by local hydrological and climatic conditions, shaped by a broader climatic, hydrologic and basin management context that placed the lower
Darling River at risk of such fish deaths. The immediate cause was
3001:
Dead drum fish floated in the water and lined the banks of a 20-mile stretch of the
Arkansas River near Ozark, about 125 miles northwest of Little Rock, said Keith Stephens of the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission. A tugboat operator discovered the fish kill Thursday night, and fisheries officials
792:
Fish kills can also result from a dramatic or prolonged drop in air (and thus, water) temperature. This kind of fish kill is selective – usually the dead fish are species that cannot tolerate cold. This has been observed in cases where a fish native to a more tropical region has been introduced to
615:
waters. In high concentrations it discolors the water which often appears reddish-brown in color. It produces a toxin which paralyses the central nervous system of fish so they cannot breathe. Dead fish wash up on beaches around Texas and
Florida. Humans can also become seriously ill from eating
208:
Many cold water fish that live in clean cold waters become stressed when oxygen concentrations fall below 8 mg/L while warm water fish generally need at least 5 ppm (5 mg/L) of dissolved oxygen. Fish can endure short periods of reduced oxygen. Depleted oxygen levels are the most common
71:
and are usually investigated as a matter of urgency by environmental agencies to determine the cause of the kill. Many fish species have a relatively low tolerance of variations in environmental conditions and their death is often a potent indicator of problems in their environment that may be
780:
A short period of hot weather can increase temperatures in the surface layer of water, as the warmer water tends to stay near the surface and be further heated by the air. In this case, the top warmer layer may have more oxygen than the lower, cooler layers because it has constant access to
768:
A fish kill can occur with rapid fluctuations in temperature or sustained high temperatures. Generally, cooler water has the potential to hold more oxygen, so a period of sustained high temperatures can lead to decreased dissolved oxygen in a body of water. An August 2010 fish kill in
443:, accidentally dumped 60 million US gal (0.23 million kl) of acidic process water into Skinned Sapling Creek, reducing the pH from about 8 to less than 4 along 36 miles (58 km) of creek, resulting in the death of about 1.3 million fish.
209:
cause of fish kills. Oxygen levels normally fluctuate even over the course of a day and are affected by weather, temperature, the amount of sunlight available, and the amount of living and dead plant and animal matter in the water. In temperate zones oxygen levels in
2261:
868:) can also result in inland fish kills. Fish kill due to insufficient oxygen is really a matter of too much demand and too little supply for whatever reason(s). Recommended stocking densities are available from many sources for bodies of water ranging from a home
718:
of the excess nutrient enrichment in the
Mississippi River, dead zones appear in the Gulf of Mexico, created from the process of eutrophication. The dead zones in the gulf are mainly created by the nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment of the Lower Mississippi River.
950:
Many countries in the developed world have specific provisions in place to encourage the public to report fish kills so that a proper investigation can take place. Investigation of the cause of a kill requires a multi-disciplinary approach including on-site
801:, the tilapia stop feeding when water temperatures drop below 60 °F (16 °C) and die when it reaches 45 °F (7 °C). Thus, tilapia that have survived and successfully reproduced in Florida are occasionally killed by a winter cold front.
2640:
849:
A drought can lead to lower water volumes so that even if the water contains a high level of dissolved oxygen, the reduced volume may not be enough for the fish population. Droughts often occur in conjunction with high temperatures so that the oxygen
2377:
Reuter’s News
Service report of massive fish kill at the mouth of the Mississippi River in September, 2010. The Division of Wildlife stated that the fish kill was unrelated to the oil spill that had recently occurred in the Gulf of Mexico:
942:
Fish kills are difficult to predict. Even when conditions that contribute to fish kill are known to exist, prevention is hard because often conditions cannot be improved and fish cannot be safely removed in time. In small ponds, mechanical
48:, refers to a localized die-off of fish populations which may also be associated with more generalized mortality of aquatic life. The most common cause is reduced oxygen in the water, which in turn may be due to factors such as drought,
155:, and other catastrophic events that upset a normally stable aquatic population. Because of the difficulty and lack of standard protocol to investigate fish kills, many fish kill cases are designated as having an unknown cause.
205:) while a maximum of 9 mg/L of oxygen can dissolve in fresh water. The amount of oxygen that can be dissolved in the water decreases by about 1 mg/L for each 10 °C increase in water temperature above 20 °C.
708:
in the
Mississippi River is the increased uptake of dissolved oxygen by bacteria, in response to higher concentrations of organic matter. After eutrophication starts and is in progress, the phytoplankton reach their maximum
2536:
300:
basin in the spring, from the time water temperatures are in the 50s (°F) until they reach the mid-70s. So far, investigators suspect certain bacteria, along with environmental and contaminant factors that may cause
2315:
838:, mining or blast testing of structures under water. In many places, an assessment of potential effects of underwater explosions on marine life must be completed and preventive measures taken before blasting.
616:
oysters and other shellfish contaminated with the red tide toxin. The term "red tide" is also commonly used to describe harmful algal blooms on the northern east coast of the United States, particularly in the
2417:
2633:
560:
uses oxygen in the water that would be available to fish. A fish kill in a lake in
Estonia in 2002 was attributed to a combination of algae bloom and high temperatures. When people manage algae blooms in
340:
Abnormal distribution of the fish such as crowding at the surface, inlet, or pond edges (though crowding at the surface during specific times of day, such as early morning, is more likely a sign of low
5795:
3127:
2922:
777:, September, 2010, was attributed to a combination of high temperatures and low tide. Such kills are known to happen in this region in late summer and early fall, but this one was unusually large.
5448:
2826:
1967:
446:
It is often difficult or impossible to determine whether a potential toxin is the direct cause of a fish kill. For example, hundreds of thousands of fish died after an accidental spill of
435:
Human-induced fish kills are unusual, but occasionally a spilled substance causes direct toxicity or a shift in water temperature or pH that can lead to fish kill. For example, in 1997 a
930:
into the Marcai River is acknowledged as causing environmental devastation, The loss of adult fish also can have long-term impacts on the success of the fishery as the following year's
5189:
3181:
327:
and can kill all the fish in an affected pond. In addition to altered behavior, affected fish have swollen gills that are mottled and have the appearance of ground hamburger meat.
197:, the water temperature and whether the water is salty. For example, at 20 °C (68 °F) and one atmosphere of pressure, a maximum of 8 mg/L of oxygen can dissolve in
2351:
963:
The counts given below are all estimates. They tend to be underestimates, and may omit, for example, small fish, those removed by scavengers and those that settle to the bottom.
934:
stock may have been lost and recovery of the pre-kill population may take years. The loss of food supplies or recreational income may be very significant to the local economy.
2944:"Massive La. Fishkill Prompts Oil Spill Questions Hundreds of Thousands of Dead Fish in Bayou Near Mississippi River; Oil, Chemical Dispersant, Oxygen Levels Eyed as Culprits"
2312:
1553:
Fish caught and transported to market held in large fish tanks fed with river water. Very rapid die-off and loss exceeded 100 tonnes. Only fish caught from a river under
738:
Some species of fish exhibit mass simultaneous mortality as part of their natural life cycle. Fish kill due to spawning fatalities can occur when fish are exhausted from
955:, investigation of inputs, review of meteorology and past history, toxicology, fish autopsy, invertebrate analysis and a robust knowledge of the area and its problems.
4970:
4542:
568:
Some diseases result in mass die-offs. One of the more bizarre and recently discovered diseases produces huge fish kills in shallow marine waters. It is caused by the
3105:
2898:
587:, are in confined situations such as shallow bays, the excretions from the fish encourage this dinoflagellate, which is not normally toxic, to produce free-swimming
5805:
5431:
654:
in
Illinois was traced to discharge of animal waste into the river from a large dairy operation. The illegal discharge resulted in a complete kill of fish, frogs,
424:
water. Aluminium compounds can cause complete fish kills, sometimes associated with autumn turn-over of lakes leading to complex chemical interactions between pH,
3139:
2456:; Govoni, et al., 2008, Effects of Underwater Explosions on Larval Fish: Implications for a Coastal Engineering Project, Journal of Coastal Research 2(S):228-233
2449:
2382:
2213:
5478:
4463:
2878:
476:
introduced as alkaline hypochlorite solution is also extremely toxic, leaving pale mucilaginous gills and an over-production of mucilage across the whole body.
2533:
2291:
2126:
5581:
5426:
4125:
3322:
2919:
115:
Fish kills may result from a variety of causes. Of known causes, fish kills are most frequently caused by pollution from agricultural runoff or biotoxins.
2400:
1947:
3867:
2823:
5553:
4583:
1964:
773:
was attributed to low oxygen as a result of high temperatures. A massive (hundreds of thousands) fish kill at the mouth of the
Mississippi River in
2593:
1268:
Low flow of water due to drought and water diversions for agriculture led to heated and shallow water, increasing vulnerability to a gill disease.
785:. If the volume of low oxygen water is much greater than the volume in the warm surface layer, this mixing can reduce oxygen levels throughout the
5714:
4525:
2943:
1986:
2702:
2574:
2370:
746:(sperm). Fish are generally weaker after spawning and are less resilient than usual to smaller changes in the environment. Examples include the
458:. However, officials could not determine whether the fish kill was due to the bourbon directly or to oxygen depletion that resulted when aquatic
92:
may affect larger specimens more than smaller fish as these may be able to access oxygen richer water at the surface, at least for a short time.
2988:
2659:
3163:
2802:
3037:
1927:
3017:
2785:
630:. These blooms are natural phenomenon, but the exact cause or combination of factors that result in red tides outbreak not fully understood.
918:
Many kills are reported only when dead fish resurface due to decompositional gas formation, often several hours after the kill has occurred.
565:, it is recommended that treatments be staggered to avoid too much algae dying at once, which may result in a large drop in oxygen content.
5436:
4963:
3269:
240:
Additional dissolved organic loads are the most common cause of oxygen depletion and such organic loads may come from sewage, farm waste,
5611:
5488:
3694:
2679:
2348:
2033:
830:
are more susceptible. Sometimes underwater explosions are used on purpose to induce fish kills, a generally illegal practice known as
544:
floating on the surface of a body of water. Algae blooms are a natural occurrence in nutrient-rich lakes and rivers, though sometimes
119:(oxygen depletion) is one of the most common natural causes of fish kills. The suffocating event may be brought on by factors such as
5810:
5543:
5538:
4456:
3724:
2170:
2095:
2063:
1911:
854:
of the water may also be reduced. Low river flows also reduce the available dilution for permitted discharges of treated sewage or
2418:"Hécatombe aux États-Unis : des milliers de poissons morts s'échouent sur les plages du Texas à cause de la chaleur de l'eau"
5019:
4866:
3061:
2443:
1756:
5740:
5596:
4956:
3378:
3315:
855:
679:
173:
4429:
261:
5074:
4922:
4588:
4547:
2519:
2052:
1865:
947:
and/or removal of decaying matter (such as fallen leaves or dead algae) may be reasonable and effective preventive measures.
88:
is the cause, species are more generally affected and the event may include amphibians and shellfish as well. A reduction in
3295:
2110:
2078:
2554:
858:. The reduced dilution increases the organic demand for oxygen further reducing the oxygen concentration available to fish
5709:
5699:
5606:
5104:
4927:
4907:
4861:
4834:
4705:
4537:
3204:
3095:
2895:
2011:
A Beginner's Guide to Water
Management – Fish Kills, Information Circular 107, University of Florida IFAS Extension, 2003
1888:
1427:
182:
2734:
5780:
5689:
5184:
5139:
4736:
4615:
4449:
3463:
1250:
2446:
2379:
2209:
2015:
4892:
4472:
3363:
2872:
2190:
781:
atmospheric oxygen. If a heavy wind or cold rain then occurs (usually during the autumn but sometimes in summer), the
256:
57:
2380:
http://www.aolnews.com/2010/09/16/massive-mississippi-river-fish-kill-not-bps-fault/ Massive Fish Kill Not BP's Fault
3180:
Vertessy, Robert; Barma, Daren; Baumgartner, Lee; Mitrovic, Simon; Sheldon, Fran; Bond, Nicholas (8 February 2023).
2287:
5735:
5624:
5204:
4871:
4610:
4115:
3842:
3812:
3699:
3308:
1690:
1554:
1215:
2616:
1863:"The Quality of Our Nation’s Waters - A Summary of the National Water Quality Inventory: 1998 Report to Congress."
5889:
5884:
5861:
5770:
5601:
5576:
4876:
4388:
4381:
4348:
4090:
3762:
3443:
3296:
Fish Kills – Their Causes and Prevention, Virginia Tech, Virginia Cooperative Extension Publication 420-252, 2009
2540:
2476:
Labay, Andrew A.; Bizan, Dave (1999). "A Comparison of Fish Kill Counting Procedures on a Small, Narrow Stream".
2079:
Fish Kills - Their Causes and Prevention, Virginia Tech, Virginia Cooperative Extension Publication 420-252, 2009
1562:
20:
2497:
5923:
5775:
5508:
5483:
5154:
5129:
4937:
4503:
4398:
4157:
2397:
1944:
952:
53:
3420:
2239:
5866:
5528:
5421:
5099:
5054:
5039:
4822:
4810:
4754:
4600:
4376:
4358:
3920:
3669:
3135:
164:
116:
922:
Some very large fish kills may never be estimated because of these factors. The discharge of red aluminium
5790:
5650:
5323:
4783:
4673:
4552:
4338:
4162:
4147:
3970:
3689:
3578:
1649:
835:
782:
591:. If the fish remain in the area, continuing to provide nourishment, then the zoospores start secreting a
581:
455:
320:
2191:"The Dynamics of Science, Perception, and Policy during the Outbreak of Pfiesteria in the Chesapeake Bay"
2090:
Larson et al., 1997, Pesticides in Surface Waters: distribution, trends and governing factors. CRC Press
5674:
5548:
5174:
5069:
4840:
4680:
4558:
4487:
4368:
4353:
3862:
3679:
2749:
2590:
2168:"Fish kills linked to a toxic ambush-predator dinoflagellate: distribution and environmental conditions"
1808:
1187:
990:
626:
3290:
2953:
2367:
1983:
72:
affecting other animals and plants and may have a direct impact on other uses of the water such as for
3291:
Oxygen Depletion in Ponds, University of Georgia Cooperative Extension Service, Publication L233, 1993
2699:
2571:
556:, but most fish kills due to algae bloom are a result of decreased oxygen levels. When the algae die,
5533:
5513:
5473:
5443:
5390:
4828:
4790:
4771:
4723:
4648:
4577:
4531:
4363:
3659:
2978:
2656:
2485:
1828:
1480:
823:
576:
194:
140:
68:
3160:
2799:
808:
was attributed to a combination of cold stress and overpopulation after a particularly large spawn.
5694:
5684:
5617:
5586:
5571:
5398:
5394:
5358:
5114:
5084:
4730:
4620:
4594:
4152:
4095:
3895:
3782:
3571:
3034:
1924:
1823:
373:
128:
77:
3014:
2777:
1386:
20000 + dead crabs – along with dead starfish, lobsters, sponges and anemones. Probably killed by
726:
5918:
5879:
5655:
5498:
4625:
4563:
3734:
2966:
Hundreds of thousands of dead fish were floating west of the Mississippi River, in Bayou Chaland.
2754:
2711:
1191:
710:
682:
545:
302:
2591:"Collection and Submission of Samples for Fish-Kill Investigation and Toxic-Substance Analysis."
5760:
5745:
5228:
5194:
5149:
5079:
5024:
5009:
4993:
4666:
4080:
3985:
3890:
3802:
3797:
3744:
3551:
3358:
3348:
2091:
1907:
1423:
1328:
1207:
851:
763:
690:
440:
124:
2442:
Lewis, 1996, Effects of Underwater Explosions on Life in the Sea, report DSTO-GD-0080 to the
2139:
334:
Discolouration, open sores, reddening of the skin, bleeding, black or white spots on the skin
5841:
5645:
5640:
5348:
5268:
5064:
5049:
5044:
4700:
4687:
3822:
3767:
3729:
3684:
3642:
3566:
3353:
3185:
2676:
2493:
2457:
2030:
1843:
1518:
1296:
1096:
368:
297:
237:
is metabolised by plant cells. This can lead to pH stress even when oxygen levels are high.
222:
89:
33:
5846:
5704:
5493:
5283:
5238:
5223:
5124:
4747:
4694:
4570:
4039:
4019:
3847:
3834:
3817:
3772:
3654:
3593:
3517:
3512:
3448:
3435:
3405:
3167:
3065:
3041:
3021:
2926:
2902:
2882:
2830:
2806:
2706:
2683:
2663:
2644:
2620:
2597:
2578:
2558:
2453:
2404:
2386:
2374:
2355:
2319:
2174:
2114:
2067:
2056:
2037:
2019:
1990:
1971:
1951:
1931:
1892:
1869:
1474:
1461:
1367:
931:
865:
747:
739:
569:
469:
447:
421:
389:
364:
317:
270:
234:
218:
168:
136:
100:
3231:"Tens of thousands of dead fish wash up on Texas beach due to low oxygen levels in water"
2167:
2060:
1107:
a tributary of the Ogmore. Successful prosecution followed and substantial compensation.
2489:
330:
Some early warning signs of fish suffering from disease or parasite infections include:
5836:
5765:
5679:
5328:
5308:
5288:
5263:
5213:
5144:
5134:
5094:
5034:
4997:
4917:
4605:
4519:
4315:
4288:
4180:
4172:
4105:
4075:
4014:
3996:
3950:
3940:
3544:
3497:
1818:
1742:
1697:
1488:
1457:
1277:
1179:
1129:
1112:
986:
944:
751:
705:
698:
651:
647:
638:
Just as an algae bloom can lead to oxygen depletion, introduction of a large amount of
621:
612:
607:
572:
516:
451:
385:
381:
226:
105:
73:
3058:
2847:
5912:
5856:
5851:
5755:
5518:
5416:
5386:
5273:
5258:
5243:
5119:
4760:
4493:
4417:
4320:
4234:
4054:
4029:
4024:
3980:
3975:
3930:
3925:
3905:
3777:
3556:
3475:
3182:
Independent Assessment of the 2018-19 fish deaths in the lower Darling - Final Report
1833:
1625:
1339:
1125:
902:
can decompose or become buried in sediments very quickly and are lost from the count.
899:
892:
or have low transparency making it difficult or impossible to see fish that have sunk
861:
831:
643:
639:
617:
557:
477:
398:
344:
Abnormal activity such as flashing, twisting, whirling, convulsions, loss of buoyancy
214:
178:
81:
5458:
5338:
5253:
5233:
5179:
5089:
5059:
4797:
4741:
4310:
4134:
4049:
4009:
3910:
3852:
3792:
3719:
3714:
3704:
3620:
3610:
3539:
3522:
3429:
3390:
3383:
2511:
1803:
1501:
1416:
1104:
1073:
827:
805:
786:
770:
670:
309:
28:
3279:
2049:
1862:
804:
In January, 2011, a selective fish kill affecting an estimated 2 million juvenile
2107:
396:
and fish kill. Some algae species also produce toxins. In Florida, these include
5591:
5503:
5353:
5333:
5318:
5303:
5298:
5248:
5029:
4803:
4642:
4513:
4293:
4281:
4207:
3965:
3960:
3935:
3915:
3857:
3752:
3647:
3625:
3615:
3588:
3458:
3410:
2551:
1544:
1387:
1381:
1273:
1144:
1068:
Extreme drought left fish stranded in stagnant pools into which sewers drained.
1046:
1015:
873:
834:. Underwater explosions may be accidental or planned, such as for construction,
686:
596:
584:
549:
533:
523:
360:
120:
49:
1885:
1210:, which had discharged 10,000 gallons of the chemical HMP 2000 into the river.
642:
biological material in general to a body of water leads to oxygen depletion as
5815:
5523:
5313:
5293:
4897:
4777:
4498:
4441:
4343:
4110:
4044:
4034:
3955:
3945:
3630:
3598:
3583:
3529:
3502:
3485:
2726:
2349:
August 2010 fish kill in Delaware Bay linked to high temperatures – low oxygen
1618:
1548:
1395:
1332:
1100:
798:
592:
541:
488:
266:
144:
650:. For example, a 10 miles (16 km) fish kill in September, 2010, in the
5785:
5750:
5343:
4932:
4902:
4816:
4765:
4710:
4660:
4100:
4085:
4070:
3900:
3561:
3507:
3492:
3470:
3453:
3100:
2012:
1813:
1594:
1575:
1342:
1304:
909:
889:
774:
694:
588:
562:
493:
436:
429:
413:
323:, for example, the "hamburger gill disease" is caused by a protozoan called
313:
290:
210:
198:
190:
152:
104:
Depleted oxygen levels are the most common cause of fish kills. In this way
3230:
2623:
Coastal Studies Laboratory, University of Texas-Pan American. Edinburg, TX.
3081:
2931:
Zijin mining officials fined 1.16 million yuan for waste spills in fujian.
895:
Rivers and streams can move fish downstream out of the investigation area.
5635:
5169:
5159:
5109:
4948:
4654:
4303:
4244:
4190:
4185:
4004:
3872:
3534:
3480:
3395:
3189:
2948:
1838:
1639:
1612:
1583:
1579:
1507:
1448:
1290:
1136:
1038:
1007:
905:
869:
659:
602:
527:
512:
473:
404:
393:
282:
244:
241:
202:
148:
85:
61:
3013:
Maryland Department of the Environment, Baltimore, MD (5 January 2011).
2552:
Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute - Submit A Fish Kill Report
1041:
waste through poorly maintained sewer. Successful prosecution followed.
685:
of phosphorus and nitrogen allow for rapid growth and multiplication of
420:. Natural instances of toxic conditions can occur, especially in poorly
5831:
5800:
5730:
5630:
5164:
4979:
4508:
4276:
4271:
4249:
4222:
4217:
4212:
3757:
3709:
3603:
3373:
3368:
2613:
2050:
information from the Department of Environmental Quality, Virginia, USA
1906:
Noga, Fish Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment, 2010, John Wiley and Sons
1738:
1674:
1665:
1608:
1515:
1440:
1322:
927:
794:
500:
480:
produces similar symptoms but is also often associated with milk eyes.
465:
459:
425:
109:
2600:
University of Missouri Extension, Columbia, MO. Publication No. G9402.
2461:
1010:. This event caused coughing, sneezing and watery red eyes in humans.
84:
or species that are not cold-tolerant may be selectively affected. If
4845:
4716:
4195:
1734:
1722:
1540:
1398:
1263:
1228:
1086:
1059:
1028:
923:
731:
655:
417:
377:
193:. The amount of oxygen that can be dissolved in water depends on the
132:
2141:
Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, Biology and Ecology
754:
where many of the females routinely die immediately after spawning.
508:
2716:
Silver Spring, MD: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
2235:
4298:
4227:
3637:
1746:
1653:
1532:
1444:
1308:
1236:
1232:
1090:
1063:
1032:
884:
Estimating the magnitude of a kill presents a number of problems.
812:
725:
669:
553:
537:
507:
499:
487:
412:. Some notable fish kills in Louisiana in the 1950s were due to a
286:
278:
260:
172:
99:
27:
1945:"Advancing the science and practice of fish kill investigations."
515:
is a reddish algae bloom caused by a microorganism common in the
5278:
4200:
4142:
3787:
3340:
3331:
3284:
2262:"Red Tide Fact Sheet - Red Tide (Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning)"
1750:
1718:
1536:
1356:
1242:
846:
Droughts and overstocking can also result in inland fish kills.
743:
472:. In cyanide poisoning the gills turn a distinctive cherry red.
5384:
4991:
4952:
4445:
3304:
312:, where populations are optimized for the available resources,
4239:
3807:
2983:
2589:
Pierce, Robert A.; May, Thomas W.; Suppes, V. Charles (1994).
2358:. Newjerseynewsroom.com (2010-08-12). Retrieved on 2012-05-23.
548:
leading to algae blooms are due to fertilizer or animal waste
2210:"Red Tide FAQ - Is it safe to eat oysters during a red tide?"
1861:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC (2000).
742:
such as courtship, nest building, and the release of eggs or
504:
A large algae bloom off the southern coast of England in 1999
296:
For example, since 2004 fish kills have been observed in the
127:. Fish kills may also occur due to the presence of disease,
2498:
10.1577/1548-8675(1999)019<0209:ACOFKC>2.0.CO;2
2061:
History of fish kills in the Shenandoah watershed, Virginia
1709:
Murray cod, silver perch, golden perch, bony herring, carp
230:
3170:. chinadaily.com.cn (2012-02-04). Retrieved on 2012-05-23.
3128:"Mass death of herring off northern Norway puzzles locals"
3002:
collected some of the dying animals to conduct tests. ...
704:
Furthermore, a significant detrimental outcome caused by
611:, a microscopic marine dinoflagellate which is common in
337:
Abnormal shape, swollen areas, abnormal lumps, or popeyes
76:
production. Pollution events may affect fish species and
3098:[Overnight the beach was full of dead herring].
646:
use up available oxygen in the process of breaking down
3300:
1295:"Natural upwelling" of an acknowledged polluted river.
3281:
Fish Kill in the Gulf of Oman: A space-based diagnosis
1965:
EPA Scientist Points at Fracking in Fish-Kill Mystery.
347:
Listlessness, weakness, sluggishness, lack of activity
185:. Fish kills are often a sign of environmental stress.
80:
in different ways. If it is a cold-related fish kill,
3015:"MDE Investigates Large Fish Kill in Chesapeake Bay."
620:. This type of bloom is caused by another species of
2647:
Texas Water Commission, Austin TX. Report No. 88-02.
108:
can have devastating consequences for the health of
5824:
5723:
5667:
5564:
5466:
5409:
5212:
5008:
4885:
4854:
4634:
4479:
4331:
4264:
4171:
4133:
4124:
4063:
3994:
3881:
3833:
3743:
3668:
3428:
3338:
3258:
2031:
Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Dissolved Oxygen
1880:
1878:
915:
Stressed fish may swim up tributaries and die there
811:"Hundreds of thousands" of fish were found dead in
2778:"Neuse fish kill estimate now closer to 2 million"
2336:Environmental Science: Toward a Sustainable Future
1993:. Engineeringtoolbox.com. Retrieved on 2012-05-23.
1713:oxygen depletion when the weir pool destratified.
1510:. Cold water stress was believed to be the cause.
797:to bodies of water in Florida. Native to Africa's
64:is a real but far less common cause of fish kill.
2848:"Thousands of dead crabs wash up on Kent beaches"
2675:Science House (North Carolina State University).
2313:Contaminated Water Kills Fish in Central Illinois
2874:Winter Crab deaths - the statistics and a ramble
2512:"Hungarian chemical sludge spill reaches Danube"
2407:. Cnn.com (2011-01-06). Retrieved on 2012-05-23.
1974:Scientific American. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
605:is the name commonly given to an algal bloom of
462:rapidly began to consume and digest the liquor.
67:Fish kills are often the first visible signs of
56:, or a sustained increase in water temperature.
5806:International Seafood Sustainability Foundation
5432:United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
2634:"Observations on the 1987-1987 Texas Red Tide (
2334:Wright, Richard T.; Boorse, Dorothy F. (2014).
1884:University of Florida. Gainesville, FL (2005).
793:cooler waters, such as the introduction of the
2561:. Research.myfwc.com. Retrieved on 2012-05-23.
2478:North American Journal of Fisheries Management
2398:CNN story on Jan 6, 2011 Fish kill in Maryland
2338:. Boston: Pearson Education. pp. 523–578.
2166:Burkholder JM, Glasgow HB and Hobbs CW (1995)
2108:http://www.sekj.org/PDF/anzf33/anzf33-517p.pdf
1159:Caused by spill from Swiss chemical warehouse
4964:
4457:
3316:
2698:Bushaw-Newton, K.L. and Sellner, K.G.(1999).
2264:. Massachusetts Department of Public Health.
2162:
2160:
1644:Oxygen depletion and change of water climate
468:is a particular toxic compound that has been
8:
2608:
2606:
213:rivers in summertime can exhibit very large
5582:List of commercially important fish species
5427:Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing
2979:"Massive fish kill blankets Arkansas River"
1954:Reviews in Fisheries Science. 19(1): 21-33.
5406:
5381:
5005:
4988:
4971:
4957:
4949:
4464:
4450:
4442:
4130:
3323:
3309:
3301:
2750:"In Klamath Basin, politics trump science"
2484:(1). American Fisheries Society: 209–214.
2144:. Estonian Academy Publishers. p. 67.
965:
674:Map of the dead zone in the Gulf of Mexico
3868:Tradeoffs for locomotion in air and water
3161:Officials fired over cadmium spill|Nation
3096:"Over natta var stranda full av død sild"
2040:. Env.gov.bc.ca. Retrieved on 2012-05-23.
697:in the waters of the Mississippi and the
392:spills can all potentially lead to water
269:, England, has been restored following a
5554:Regional fishery management organisation
2471:
2469:
1984:Oxygen Solubility in Fresh and Sea Water
1925:"Deadly hypoxic event finally concludes"
32:There are many causes of fish kill, but
3205:"Expert commentary: Menindee fish kill"
2666:. Radford.edu. Retrieved on 2012-05-23.
2290:. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department.
2212:. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department.
1854:
1617:Caused by oxygen deprivation and large
1206:Caused by an automotive parts maker in
536:is the appearance of a large amount of
217:fluctuations with many hours of oxygen
3287:: Earth Observatory, featured article.
3255:
2811:Dead fish mystery in Guangzhou probed.
2727:"Pollution toll rises to 100,000 fish"
2236:"Harmful Algal Blooms: Red Tide: Home"
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
4584:Photobacterium damselae ssp piscicida
4543:Hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis
2570:Environment Agency, UK (2010-12-22).
2522:from the original on 20 January 2011.
2329:
2327:
1896:Plant Management in Florida's Waters.
1872:Document no. EPA-841-S-00-001. p. 18.
826:can lead to fish kill, and fish with
666:Nutrient pollution and eutrophication
147:, inappropriate re-stocking of fish,
16:Localized die-off of fish populations
7:
5437:United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement
2138:Estonian Academy Publishers (2005).
1410:Enough to feed 70,000 people a year
350:Loss of appetite or refusal to feed.
5612:Future of Marine Animal Populations
5489:Fishery Resources Monitoring System
5479:Monitoring control and surveillance
4424:
3695:Electroreception and electrogenesis
3108:from the original on 7 January 2012
2991:from the original on 4 January 2011
2952:. 15 September 2010. Archived from
2268:from the original on 26 August 2009
815:in June 2023 due to warming water.
580:. When large numbers of fish, like
2788:from the original on 27 July 2011.
2238:. US Centers for Disease Control.
316:or disease can spread quickly. In
123:, droughts, high temperatures and
14:
5811:Sea Shepherd Conservation Society
5544:National Marine Fisheries Service
5539:European Fisheries Control Agency
3084:. MSNBC. Retrieved on 2012-05-23.
2737:from the original on 5 July 2004.
552:. A few species of algae produce
289:in addition to parasites such as
58:Infectious diseases and parasites
5457:
5203:
5020:Population dynamics of fisheries
4867:Diseases and parasites in salmon
4423:
4412:
4411:
4394:
4393:
3419:
3264:
3138:. 2 January 2012. Archived from
3094:Lofstad, Ralf (2 January 2012).
2572:"Fish mortality investigations."
2444:Australian Department of Defence
2294:from the original on 6 July 2009
2216:from the original on 6 July 2009
1943:La, V. and S. J. Cooke. (2011).
1923:Oregon State University (2006).
1757:2022 Oder environmental disaster
1628:, Anda, Pangasinan, Philippines
225:at night. Associated with these
189:Oxygen enters the water through
5741:Aquaculture Stewardship Council
5597:Environmental impact of fishing
3379:Environmental impact of fishing
3270:Red tide outbreak and fish kill
2532:Environment Agency, UK (2009).
2242:from the original on 9 May 2009
1241:Unconfirmed link to release of
888:Polluted waters are often very
872:or backyard pond to commercial
864:of fish (or an unusually large
5715:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
5075:Otolith microchemical analysis
4923:Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning
4548:Infectious pancreatic necrosis
2776:Book, Sue (4 September 2009).
2657:Environmental History Timeline
2612:Reisinger, E. Anthony (2000).
2534:"Life after a fish mortality."
2178:Marine Ecology Progress Series
2154:Moyle and Cech, 2004, page 466
1963:Saraghan, M. (October, 2011).
1479:Coincided with death of 5,000
369:Marine pollution § Toxins
1:
5710:European Environmental Agency
5700:Grey nurse shark conservation
5607:Destructive fishing practices
5105:Pop-up satellite archival tag
4928:Paralytic shellfish poisoning
4908:Diarrheal shellfish poisoning
4862:Diseases and parasites in cod
4835:Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae
4706:Epizootic ulcerative syndrome
2127:Fish Kills in New South Wales
1677:, People's Republic of China
1589:Caused by oxygen deprivation
1428:Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana
734:which has died after spawning
5690:Marine conservation activism
5140:Climate change and fisheries
3464:intramembranous ossification
2748:Steve Pedery (5 July 2007).
2368:Slideshow: Massive fish kill
1780:Brazoria County, Texas, USA
938:Prevention and investigation
277:Fish are subject to various
229:rhythms there is a matching
221:during daylight followed by
60:can also lead to fish kill.
4893:Amnesic shellfish poisoning
4473:Fish diseases and parasites
1521:People's Republic of China
1401:People's Republic of China
1345:People's Republic of China
257:Fish diseases and parasites
151:with chemicals, underwater
5940:
5736:Marine Stewardship Council
5529:EU Common Fisheries Policy
4872:Disease in ornamental fish
3843:Fin and flipper locomotion
3813:Sequential hermaphroditism
3700:Jamming avoidance response
3417:
3278:Herring, and Scott (2002)
3033:News.big5.enorth.com.cn. "
2117:. Retrieved on 2012-05-23.
1691:2012 Guangxi cadmium spill
1555:China National Highway 320
1216:River Dee (United Kingdom)
953:environmental measurements
761:
521:
484:Algae blooms and red tides
358:
273:which killed all the fish.
254:
162:
18:
5890:Glossary of fishery terms
5885:Index of fishing articles
5875:
5602:Fishing down the food web
5577:Maximum sustainable yield
5455:
5405:
5380:
5201:
5135:Match/mismatch hypothesis
5004:
4987:
4877:List of aquarium diseases
4407:
3263:
2907:Water pollution disaster.
2822:hk.apple.nextmedia.com. "
2541:UK Government Web Archive
2424:(in French). 15 June 2023
1891:24 September 2008 at the
1763:Menindee, NSW, Australia
1563:Redondo Beach, California
842:Droughts and overstocking
546:increased nutrient levels
36:is the most common cause.
5776:Save Our Seas Foundation
5509:Individual fishing quota
5484:Vessel monitoring system
5130:Hydrographic containment
4938:Scombroid food poisoning
3072:Retrieved on 2010-01-08.
3048:Retrieved on 2010-01-08.
2933:Retrieved on 2010-01-08.
2909:Retrieved on 2010-01-08.
2901:25 December 2010 at the
2837:Retrieved on 2010-01-08.
2813:Retrieved on 2010-01-08.
2632:Trebatoski, Bob (1988).
2619:13 December 2010 at the
2373:22 February 2014 at the
2173:23 February 2012 at the
1970:13 December 2013 at the
1597:, Batangas, Philippines
1483:that fell from the sky.
1132:, various other species
247:and many other sources.
5422:Exclusive economic zone
5100:GIS and aquatic science
5055:Standard weight in fish
4823:Sphaerothecum destruens
4811:Schistocephalus solidus
4755:Lernaeocera branchialis
4601:Spring viraemia of carp
4359:Glossary of ichthyology
3921:Diel vertical migration
3166:6 February 2012 at the
3136:Deutsche Presse-Agentur
3064:11 January 2011 at the
3035:News.big5.enorth.com.cn
2894:National geographics. "
2885:Retrieved on 2011-01-08
2805:23 October 2012 at the
2700:"Harmful Algal Blooms."
2687:Investigating the Ocean
2682:1 December 2010 at the
2539:3 February 2011 at the
2403:9 November 2012 at the
1506:Included some juvenile
789:and lead to fish kill.
492:A small algae bloom on
165:Hypoxia (environmental)
5651:Turtle excluder device
5324:Shoaling and schooling
4784:Nanophyetus salmincola
4674:Clinostomum marginatum
4526:Hematopoietic necrosis
4494:Nervous necrosis virus
3725:Surface wave detection
3690:Hydrodynamic reception
3364:Diseases and parasites
3132:Monsters & Critics
3046:嘉興一水產市場2.5萬斤魚暴斃 或有人投毒.
3020:9 January 2011 at the
2824:hk.apple.nextmedia.com
2689:. Accessed 2011-01-07.
2662:3 January 2011 at the
2385:7 October 2012 at the
2354:18 August 2010 at the
2113:28 August 2011 at the
2036:11 August 2010 at the
1989:3 January 2011 at the
735:
675:
519:
505:
497:
274:
251:Diseases and parasites
186:
112:
37:
5675:Marine protected area
5549:Regional fishery body
5175:Census of Marine Life
5070:Catch per unit effort
4681:Dactylogyrus vastator
4559:Mycobacterium marinum
4488:Aeromonas salmonicida
3863:Undulatory locomotion
3680:Ampullae of Lorenzini
3070:浙江嘉兴市水产批发市场约2.5万斤鱼死亡.
2596:15 April 2016 at the
2577:14 March 2012 at the
2318:15 April 2016 at the
1950:25 April 2012 at the
1930:14 March 2011 at the
1809:Aquatic biomonitoring
1586:and other small fish
1481:red-winged blackbirds
1417:Zijin mining disaster
1177:Caused by a bloom of
824:Underwater explosions
819:Underwater explosions
729:
673:
627:Alexandrium fundyense
511:
503:
491:
264:
176:
103:
31:
5514:Minimum landing size
5474:Fisheries management
5449:Magnuson–Stevens Act
5444:Fisheries Convention
5195:Fisheries scientists
4829:Swim bladder disease
4791:Pseudorhabdosynochus
4772:Myxobolus cerebralis
4724:Gyrodactylus salaris
4649:Amoebic gill disease
4578:Pfiesteria piscicida
4532:Heterosigma akashiwo
4091:Genetically modified
3190:10.26181/16869591.v2
3184:(Report). La Trobe.
3142:on 14 September 2012
2925:4 March 2014 at the
2829:14 July 2011 at the
2798:Chinadaily.com.cn. "
2705:27 July 2011 at the
2643:28 July 2011 at the
2557:5 April 2011 at the
1868:24 July 2008 at the
1829:Mass mortality event
1772:Mostly bony herring
926:from a reservoir in
912:remove and eat fish.
577:Pfiesteria piscicida
496:near Trinity College
432:salts of aluminium.
195:atmospheric pressure
141:hydraulic fracturing
69:environmental stress
19:For other uses, see
5791:Defying Ocean's End
5695:Salmon conservation
5685:Marine conservation
5625:The End of the Line
5618:The Sunken Billions
5587:Sustainable seafood
5572:Sustainable fishery
5185:Fisheries databases
5115:Age class structure
5085:Fisheries acoustics
4731:Henneguya zschokkei
4595:Streptococcus iniae
3896:Aquatic respiration
3783:Life history theory
3040:7 July 2011 at the
2896:National Geographic
2881:8 July 2011 at the
2876:- Thanet coast life
2636:Ptychodiscus brevis
2490:1999NAJFM..19..209L
2452:6 July 2011 at the
2066:24 May 2011 at the
2055:24 May 2011 at the
1824:Harmful algal bloom
740:spawning activities
722:Spawning fatalities
683:nutrient enrichment
374:Agricultural runoff
135:discharges, oil or
129:agricultural runoff
5880:Outline of fishing
5499:Fisheries observer
5150:Aquatic ecosystems
4564:Aquarium granuloma
3735:Weberian apparatus
2987:. 3 January 2011.
2956:on 20 January 2011
2755:The Register-Guard
2733:. 11 August 2000.
2712:State of the Coast
2518:. 7 October 2010.
2189:Magnien RE (2001)
2018:4 May 2011 at the
1786:Tens of thousands
1192:West Fork, Indiana
736:
711:population density
676:
520:
506:
498:
470:used to poach fish
325:Aurantiactinomyxon
303:immune suppression
275:
187:
117:Ecological hypoxia
113:
38:
5906:
5905:
5902:
5901:
5898:
5897:
5862:Threatened sharks
5761:Ocean Conservancy
5746:Friend of the Sea
5376:
5375:
5372:
5371:
5284:Lobster fisheries
5229:Diversity of fish
5025:Shifting baseline
4994:Fisheries science
4946:
4945:
4667:Ceratomyxa shasta
4439:
4438:
4349:Fish common names
4260:
4259:
3891:Aquatic predation
3715:Capacity for pain
3444:Age determination
3275:
3274:
2854:. 13 January 2010
2800:Chinadaily.com.cn
2462:10.2112/05-0518.1
1795:
1794:
1791:Oxygen depletion
1775:Oxygen depletion
1700:, NSW, Australia
1424:Mississippi River
1329:volcanic activity
1327:May be linked to
1208:Anderson, Indiana
852:carrying capacity
764:Thermal pollution
758:Water temperature
691:Mississippi River
441:Mulberry, Florida
428:ions and complex
321:aquaculture ponds
125:thermal pollution
5931:
5842:Marine pollution
5646:Cetacean bycatch
5641:Incidental catch
5461:
5407:
5382:
5349:Humboldt current
5207:
5125:Trophic cascades
5065:Data storage tag
5050:Fish measurement
5045:Stock assessment
5006:
4989:
4973:
4966:
4959:
4950:
4737:Ich (freshwater)
4701:Eustrongylidosis
4688:Diphyllobothrium
4553:Koi herpes virus
4538:Hole in the head
4504:Enteric redmouth
4466:
4459:
4452:
4443:
4427:
4426:
4415:
4414:
4397:
4396:
4131:
3423:
3354:Ethnoichthyology
3325:
3318:
3311:
3302:
3268:
3267:
3256:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3226:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3215:
3200:
3194:
3193:
3177:
3171:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3124:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3104:(in Norwegian).
3091:
3085:
3079:
3073:
3057:Tech-food.com. "
3055:
3049:
3031:
3025:
3011:
3005:
3004:
2998:
2996:
2975:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2961:
2940:
2934:
2918:Bloomberg.com. "
2916:
2910:
2892:
2886:
2870:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2844:
2838:
2820:
2814:
2796:
2790:
2789:
2784:. New Bern, NC.
2773:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2723:
2717:
2696:
2690:
2673:
2667:
2654:
2648:
2630:
2624:
2610:
2601:
2587:
2581:
2568:
2562:
2549:
2543:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2473:
2464:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2414:
2408:
2395:
2389:
2365:
2359:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2331:
2322:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2232:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2206:
2200:
2187:
2181:
2164:
2155:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2135:
2129:
2124:
2118:
2105:
2099:
2088:
2082:
2076:
2070:
2047:
2041:
2028:
2022:
2009:
1994:
1981:
1975:
1961:
1955:
1941:
1935:
1921:
1915:
1904:
1898:
1882:
1873:
1859:
1844:Sentinel species
1730:10+ metric tons
1636:
1605:
1572:
1529:
1519:Xiuzhou District
1498:
1471:
1437:
1409:
1378:
1370:, Kent, England
1353:
1319:
1297:Hydrogen sulfide
1287:
1260:
1225:
1201:
1172:
1154:
1122:
1083:
1056:
1025:
1001:
966:
856:industrial waste
634:Biological decay
298:Shenandoah River
223:oxygen depletion
159:Oxygen depletion
90:dissolved oxygen
78:fish age classes
44:, known also as
34:oxygen depletion
5939:
5938:
5934:
5933:
5932:
5930:
5929:
5928:
5924:Water pollution
5909:
5908:
5907:
5894:
5871:
5867:Threatened rays
5847:Mercury in fish
5820:
5719:
5705:Shark sanctuary
5663:
5560:
5494:Catch reporting
5462:
5453:
5401:
5368:
5274:Krill fisheries
5239:Coral reef fish
5224:Ocean fisheries
5215:
5208:
5199:
5040:Condition index
5011:
5000:
4983:
4977:
4947:
4942:
4881:
4850:
4748:Kudoa thyrsites
4695:Cymothoa exigua
4630:
4571:Novirhabdovirus
4475:
4470:
4440:
4435:
4403:
4327:
4256:
4167:
4120:
4059:
3990:
3883:
3877:
3829:
3773:Ichthyoplankton
3739:
3671:
3664:
3660:Digital Library
3655:Teleost leptins
3594:Shark cartilage
3518:pharyngeal slit
3513:pharyngeal arch
3449:Anguilliformity
3434:
3432:
3424:
3415:
3334:
3329:
3265:
3259:External videos
3254:
3249:
3239:
3237:
3228:
3227:
3223:
3213:
3211:
3202:
3201:
3197:
3179:
3178:
3174:
3168:Wayback Machine
3159:
3155:
3145:
3143:
3126:
3125:
3121:
3111:
3109:
3093:
3092:
3088:
3080:
3076:
3066:Wayback Machine
3056:
3052:
3042:Wayback Machine
3032:
3028:
3022:Wayback Machine
3012:
3008:
2994:
2992:
2977:
2976:
2972:
2959:
2957:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2927:Wayback Machine
2917:
2913:
2903:Wayback Machine
2893:
2889:
2883:Wayback Machine
2871:
2867:
2857:
2855:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2831:Wayback Machine
2821:
2817:
2807:Wayback Machine
2797:
2793:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2760:
2758:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2707:Wayback Machine
2697:
2693:
2684:Wayback Machine
2677:"Algae Blooms."
2674:
2670:
2664:Wayback Machine
2655:
2651:
2645:Wayback Machine
2631:
2627:
2621:Wayback Machine
2611:
2604:
2598:Wayback Machine
2588:
2584:
2579:Wayback Machine
2569:
2565:
2559:Wayback Machine
2550:
2546:
2531:
2527:
2510:
2509:
2505:
2475:
2474:
2467:
2454:Wayback Machine
2441:
2437:
2427:
2425:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2405:Wayback Machine
2396:
2392:
2387:Wayback Machine
2375:Wayback Machine
2366:
2362:
2356:Wayback Machine
2347:
2343:
2333:
2332:
2325:
2320:Wayback Machine
2311:
2307:
2297:
2295:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2271:
2269:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2245:
2243:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2219:
2217:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2188:
2184:
2175:Wayback Machine
2165:
2158:
2153:
2149:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2125:
2121:
2115:Wayback Machine
2106:
2102:
2089:
2085:
2077:
2073:
2068:Wayback Machine
2057:Wayback Machine
2048:
2044:
2038:Wayback Machine
2029:
2025:
2020:Wayback Machine
2010:
1997:
1991:Wayback Machine
1982:
1978:
1972:Wayback Machine
1962:
1958:
1952:Wayback Machine
1942:
1938:
1932:Wayback Machine
1922:
1918:
1905:
1901:
1893:Wayback Machine
1883:
1876:
1870:Wayback Machine
1860:
1856:
1852:
1800:
1683:40 metric tons
1635:500 metric tons
1634:
1604:750 metric tons
1603:
1570:
1527:
1496:
1475:freshwater drum
1469:
1462:Ozark, Arkansas
1435:
1407:
1376:
1351:
1317:
1299:smell reported
1285:
1258:
1223:
1199:
1170:
1152:
1120:
1081:
1054:
1023:
999:
969:Event/Location
961:
940:
898:Small fish and
882:
844:
836:seismic testing
821:
766:
760:
748:Atlantic salmon
724:
668:
636:
570:ambush predator
530:
486:
448:bourbon whiskey
390:hazardous waste
386:chemical spills
371:
365:Cyanide fishing
357:
318:channel catfish
271:viral infection
259:
253:
235:bicarbonate ion
219:supersaturation
177:Dead and dying
171:
169:Hypoxia in fish
161:
137:hazardous waste
98:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5937:
5935:
5927:
5926:
5921:
5911:
5910:
5904:
5903:
5900:
5899:
5896:
5895:
5893:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5876:
5873:
5872:
5870:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5837:Fish slaughter
5834:
5828:
5826:
5825:Related issues
5822:
5821:
5819:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5766:Ocean Outcomes
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5727:
5725:
5721:
5720:
5718:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5680:Marine reserve
5677:
5671:
5669:
5665:
5664:
5662:
5661:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5621:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5568:
5566:
5565:Sustainability
5562:
5561:
5559:
5558:
5557:
5556:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5470:
5468:
5464:
5463:
5456:
5454:
5452:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5440:
5439:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5413:
5411:
5403:
5402:
5395:sustainability
5385:
5378:
5377:
5374:
5373:
5370:
5369:
5367:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5329:Marine habitat
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5289:Shrimp fishery
5286:
5281:
5279:Kelp fisheries
5276:
5271:
5266:
5264:Crab fisheries
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5220:
5218:
5210:
5209:
5202:
5200:
5198:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5145:Marine biology
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5095:Coded wire tag
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5035:Fish mortality
5032:
5027:
5022:
5016:
5014:
5002:
5001:
4998:wild fisheries
4992:
4985:
4984:
4982:science topics
4978:
4976:
4975:
4968:
4961:
4953:
4944:
4943:
4941:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4918:Marine viruses
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4889:
4887:
4886:Related topics
4883:
4882:
4880:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4858:
4856:
4852:
4851:
4849:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4831:
4826:
4819:
4814:
4807:
4800:
4795:
4787:
4780:
4775:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4751:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4727:
4720:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4691:
4684:
4677:
4670:
4663:
4658:
4651:
4646:
4638:
4636:
4632:
4631:
4629:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4606:Taura syndrome
4603:
4598:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4574:
4567:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4528:
4523:
4520:Flavobacterium
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4483:
4481:
4477:
4476:
4471:
4469:
4468:
4461:
4454:
4446:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4433:
4421:
4408:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4401:
4391:
4386:
4385:
4384:
4379:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4335:
4333:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4325:
4324:
4323:
4318:
4308:
4307:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4286:
4285:
4284:
4279:
4268:
4266:
4262:
4261:
4258:
4257:
4255:
4254:
4253:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4232:
4231:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4205:
4204:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4177:
4175:
4173:Wild fisheries
4169:
4168:
4166:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4139:
4137:
4128:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4096:Hallucinogenic
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4067:
4065:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4001:
3999:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3971:Schooling fish
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3931:Filter feeders
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3906:Bottom feeders
3903:
3898:
3893:
3887:
3885:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3839:
3837:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3827:
3826:
3825:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3749:
3747:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3676:
3674:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3651:
3650:
3645:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3628:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3607:
3606:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3575:
3574:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3552:Leydig's organ
3549:
3548:
3547:
3545:pharyngeal jaw
3542:
3532:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3498:branchial arch
3490:
3489:
3488:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3451:
3446:
3440:
3438:
3426:
3425:
3418:
3416:
3414:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3387:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3345:
3343:
3336:
3335:
3330:
3328:
3327:
3320:
3313:
3305:
3299:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3273:
3272:
3261:
3260:
3253:
3252:External links
3250:
3248:
3247:
3235:amp.abc.net.au
3221:
3195:
3172:
3153:
3119:
3086:
3074:
3050:
3026:
3024:Press release.
3006:
2970:
2935:
2911:
2887:
2865:
2839:
2835:廣州流溪河污染 魚屍數萬條.
2815:
2791:
2768:
2740:
2718:
2691:
2668:
2649:
2625:
2602:
2582:
2563:
2544:
2525:
2503:
2465:
2435:
2409:
2390:
2360:
2341:
2323:
2305:
2288:"Red Tide FAQ"
2279:
2253:
2227:
2201:
2182:
2156:
2147:
2130:
2119:
2100:
2083:
2071:
2042:
2023:
1995:
1976:
1956:
1936:
1916:
1899:
1874:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1819:Fish-kill tree
1816:
1811:
1806:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1777:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:Menindee Lakes
1694:
1693:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1629:
1622:
1621:
1615:
1606:
1601:
1598:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1573:
1568:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1551:
1530:
1525:
1522:
1512:
1511:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1491:
1489:Chesapeake Bay
1485:
1484:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1464:
1458:Arkansas River
1454:
1453:
1451:
1438:
1433:
1430:
1420:
1419:
1413:
1411:
1405:
1402:
1392:
1391:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1371:
1363:
1362:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1346:
1336:
1335:
1325:
1320:
1318:50 metric tons
1315:
1312:
1311:, Philippines
1301:
1300:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1280:
1278:North Carolina
1270:
1269:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1239:
1226:
1221:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1204:
1202:
1197:
1194:
1184:
1183:
1180:Karenia brevis
1175:
1173:
1168:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1150:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1133:
1130:striped mullet
1123:
1118:
1115:
1113:Gulf of Mexico
1109:
1108:
1093:
1084:
1079:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1057:
1052:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1035:
1026:
1021:
1018:
1012:
1011:
1004:
1002:
997:
994:
991:Corpus Christi
987:Gulf of Mexico
983:
982:
979:
976:
973:
970:
960:
959:Notable events
957:
939:
936:
920:
919:
916:
913:
903:
896:
893:
881:
878:
843:
840:
820:
817:
783:layers can mix
762:Main article:
759:
756:
752:Sockeye salmon
723:
720:
706:eutrophication
699:Gulf of Mexico
667:
664:
652:Sangamon River
648:organic matter
644:microorganisms
635:
632:
622:dinoflagellate
613:Gulf of Mexico
608:Karenia brevis
573:dinoflagellate
517:Gulf of Mexico
485:
482:
452:Kentucky River
382:surface runoff
356:
353:
352:
351:
348:
345:
342:
338:
335:
252:
249:
227:photosynthetic
201:(35 mg/L
160:
157:
106:eutrophication
97:
94:
74:drinking water
54:overpopulation
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5936:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5916:
5914:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5877:
5874:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5857:Shark finning
5855:
5853:
5852:Shark culling
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5829:
5827:
5823:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5781:Sea Around Us
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5756:Seafood Watch
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5728:
5726:
5722:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5672:
5670:
5666:
5660:
5658:
5657:Shrimp-Turtle
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5626:
5622:
5620:
5619:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5569:
5567:
5563:
5555:
5552:
5551:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5519:Pulse fishing
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5471:
5469:
5465:
5460:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5438:
5435:
5434:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5417:Fisheries law
5415:
5414:
5412:
5408:
5404:
5400:
5396:
5392:
5388:
5387:Fisheries law
5383:
5379:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5269:Eel fisheries
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5259:Cod fisheries
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5244:Demersal fish
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5221:
5219:
5217:
5211:
5206:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5120:Trophic level
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5017:
5015:
5013:
5007:
5003:
4999:
4995:
4990:
4986:
4981:
4974:
4969:
4967:
4962:
4960:
4955:
4954:
4951:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4884:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4853:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4836:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4824:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4812:
4808:
4806:
4805:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4793:
4792:
4788:
4786:
4785:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4773:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4761:Microsporidia
4759:
4757:
4756:
4752:
4750:
4749:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4732:
4728:
4726:
4725:
4721:
4719:
4718:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4696:
4692:
4690:
4689:
4685:
4683:
4682:
4678:
4676:
4675:
4671:
4669:
4668:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4656:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4644:
4640:
4639:
4637:
4633:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4596:
4592:
4590:
4589:Salmon anemia
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4579:
4575:
4573:
4572:
4568:
4565:
4561:
4560:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4533:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4521:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4489:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4478:
4474:
4467:
4462:
4460:
4455:
4453:
4448:
4447:
4444:
4432:
4431:
4422:
4420:
4419:
4410:
4409:
4406:
4400:
4399:more lists...
4392:
4390:
4387:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4374:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4354:Fish families
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4339:Aquarium life
4337:
4336:
4334:
4330:
4322:
4321:fleshy-finned
4319:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4312:
4309:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4291:
4290:
4289:Cartilaginous
4287:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4274:
4273:
4270:
4269:
4267:
4263:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4237:
4236:
4233:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4210:
4209:
4206:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4182:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4174:
4170:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4136:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4123:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4062:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3998:
3993:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3926:Electric fish
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3880:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3836:
3832:
3824:
3821:
3820:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3746:
3742:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3673:
3667:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3639:
3636:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3557:Mauthner cell
3555:
3553:
3550:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3494:
3491:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3476:Chromatophore
3474:
3472:
3469:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3437:
3431:
3427:
3422:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3342:
3337:
3333:
3326:
3321:
3319:
3314:
3312:
3307:
3306:
3303:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3277:
3276:
3271:
3262:
3257:
3251:
3236:
3232:
3225:
3222:
3210:
3206:
3199:
3196:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3176:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3162:
3157:
3154:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3123:
3120:
3107:
3103:
3102:
3097:
3090:
3087:
3083:
3078:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3060:
3059:Tech-food.com
3054:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3036:
3030:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3010:
3007:
3003:
2990:
2986:
2985:
2980:
2974:
2971:
2967:
2955:
2951:
2950:
2945:
2939:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2921:
2920:Bloomberg.com
2915:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2897:
2891:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2869:
2866:
2853:
2849:
2843:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2825:
2819:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2801:
2795:
2792:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2772:
2769:
2757:
2756:
2751:
2744:
2741:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2722:
2719:
2715:
2713:
2708:
2704:
2701:
2695:
2692:
2688:
2685:
2681:
2678:
2672:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2658:
2653:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2629:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2615:
2609:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2592:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2576:
2573:
2567:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2553:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2538:
2535:
2529:
2526:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2507:
2504:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2472:
2470:
2466:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2439:
2436:
2423:
2419:
2413:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2399:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2384:
2381:
2376:
2372:
2369:
2364:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2350:
2345:
2342:
2337:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2321:
2317:
2314:
2309:
2306:
2293:
2289:
2283:
2280:
2267:
2263:
2257:
2254:
2241:
2237:
2231:
2228:
2215:
2211:
2205:
2202:
2199:(10):843-852.
2198:
2195:
2192:
2186:
2183:
2179:
2176:
2172:
2169:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2151:
2148:
2143:
2142:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2123:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2109:
2104:
2101:
2097:
2096:1-57504-006-9
2093:
2087:
2084:
2080:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2065:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2051:
2046:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2014:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1985:
1980:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1966:
1960:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1946:
1940:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1926:
1920:
1917:
1913:
1912:0-8138-0697-6
1909:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1890:
1887:
1881:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1864:
1858:
1855:
1849:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1834:Paramoebiasis
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1692:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:several tons
1661:
1658:
1655:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1626:Lingayen Gulf
1624:
1623:
1620:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1607:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1574:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1531:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1503:
1502:spot croakers
1500:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1439:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1414:
1412:
1408:>1,000,000
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1340:Liuxihe River
1338:
1337:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1251:Klamath River
1249:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1203:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1176:
1174:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1156:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1127:
1126:Gulf menhaden
1124:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1058:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1037:Discharge of
1036:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1003:
998:
995:
992:
988:
985:
984:
980:
977:
974:
971:
968:
967:
964:
958:
956:
954:
948:
946:
937:
935:
933:
929:
925:
917:
914:
911:
907:
904:
901:
897:
894:
891:
887:
886:
885:
879:
877:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
857:
853:
847:
841:
839:
837:
833:
832:blast fishing
829:
828:swim bladders
825:
818:
816:
814:
809:
807:
802:
800:
796:
790:
788:
784:
778:
776:
772:
765:
757:
755:
753:
749:
745:
741:
733:
728:
721:
719:
715:
712:
707:
702:
700:
696:
692:
688:
687:phytoplankton
684:
681:
680:anthropogenic
672:
665:
663:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
633:
631:
629:
628:
623:
619:
618:Gulf of Maine
614:
610:
609:
604:
600:
598:
594:
590:
586:
583:
579:
578:
574:
571:
566:
564:
559:
558:decomposition
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
529:
525:
518:
514:
510:
502:
495:
490:
483:
481:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
461:
457:
453:
449:
444:
442:
438:
433:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
406:
401:
400:
399:Aphanizomenon
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
370:
366:
362:
354:
349:
346:
343:
339:
336:
333:
332:
331:
328:
326:
322:
319:
315:
311:
306:
304:
299:
294:
292:
288:
284:
280:
272:
268:
265:This pond in
263:
258:
250:
248:
246:
243:
238:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
206:
204:
200:
196:
192:
184:
180:
179:European carp
175:
170:
166:
158:
156:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
111:
107:
102:
95:
93:
91:
87:
83:
82:juvenile fish
79:
75:
70:
65:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
35:
30:
26:
22:
5668:Conservation
5656:
5623:
5616:
5399:conservation
5363:
5354:Algal blooms
5339:Water column
5254:Pelagic fish
5234:Coastal fish
5180:OSTM/Jason-2
5155:Bioeconomics
5090:Acoustic tag
5060:Fish counter
4912:
4833:
4821:
4809:
4802:
4789:
4782:
4770:
4753:
4746:
4742:Ich (marine)
4729:
4722:
4715:
4693:
4686:
4679:
4672:
4665:
4653:
4641:
4593:
4576:
4569:
4557:
4530:
4518:
4486:
4428:
4416:
4316:spiny-finned
4265:Major groups
3986:Intelligence
3966:Scale eaters
3911:Cleaner fish
3793:Mouthbrooder
3745:Reproduction
3720:Schreckstoff
3705:Lateral line
3621:Swim bladder
3611:Spiral valve
3540:hyomandibula
3523:pseudobranch
3406:Hypoxia in -
3400:
3280:
3238:. Retrieved
3234:
3224:
3212:. Retrieved
3209:www.csiro.au
3208:
3198:
3175:
3156:
3144:. Retrieved
3140:the original
3131:
3122:
3110:. Retrieved
3099:
3089:
3077:
3069:
3053:
3045:
3029:
3009:
3000:
2993:. Retrieved
2982:
2973:
2965:
2958:. Retrieved
2954:the original
2947:
2938:
2930:
2914:
2906:
2890:
2873:
2868:
2856:. Retrieved
2851:
2842:
2834:
2818:
2810:
2794:
2781:
2771:
2759:. Retrieved
2753:
2743:
2730:
2721:
2709:
2694:
2686:
2671:
2652:
2635:
2628:
2585:
2566:
2547:
2528:
2515:
2506:
2481:
2477:
2438:
2426:. Retrieved
2421:
2412:
2393:
2363:
2344:
2335:
2308:
2296:. Retrieved
2282:
2270:. Retrieved
2256:
2244:. Retrieved
2230:
2218:. Retrieved
2204:
2196:
2193:
2185:
2177:
2150:
2140:
2133:
2122:
2103:
2086:
2074:
2045:
2026:
1979:
1959:
1939:
1919:
1902:
1895:
1886:"Fish kill."
1857:
1804:Aflockalypse
1415:Part of the
1178:
1164:Texas coast
1105:River Llynfi
1095:Spillage of
1074:River Ogmore
962:
949:
941:
921:
883:
876:facilities.
862:Overstocking
860:
848:
845:
822:
810:
803:
791:
787:water column
779:
771:Delaware Bay
767:
737:
716:
703:
677:
637:
625:
606:
601:
575:
567:
531:
464:
456:Lawrenceburg
445:
434:
409:
403:
397:
372:
329:
324:
310:fish farming
307:
295:
276:
242:tip/landfill
239:
207:
188:
143:wastewater,
121:algae blooms
114:
110:benthic life
66:
46:fish die-off
45:
41:
39:
25:
5592:Overfishing
5504:Catch share
5334:Marine snow
5319:Sardine run
5304:Fish screen
5299:Fish ladder
5249:Forage fish
4855:Fish groups
4804:Saprolegnia
4798:Salmon lice
4643:Abergasilus
4514:Fish dropsy
4430:WikiProject
4389:Prehistoric
4373:Threatened
4064:Other types
3961:Sardine run
3936:Forage fish
3916:Corallivory
3768:Development
3753:Bubble nest
3626:physoclisti
3616:Suckermouth
3589:Root effect
3411:Ichthyology
2782:Sun Journal
2614:"Red Tide."
2447:read online
2059:; see also
2013:read online
1783:2023 06 13
1766:2023 03 17
1680:2012 01 15
1659:2011 12 31
1631:2011 05 30
1600:2011 05 29
1557:east died.
1545:silver carp
1524:2011 01 06
1388:hypothermia
1382:velvet crab
1366:Beaches at
1348:2008 09 09
1314:2008 01 05
1274:Neuse River
1245:into river
1188:White River
1145:Rhine River
1047:River Neath
1016:River Aeron
874:aquaculture
714:reproduce.
599:increases.
597:land runoff
585:forage fish
534:algae bloom
524:Algae bloom
410:Microcystis
361:Fish toxins
183:Lake Albert
50:algae bloom
5913:Categories
5816:Greenpeace
5524:Slot limit
5467:Management
5391:management
5359:Dead zones
5314:Salmon run
5294:Eel ladder
5190:Institutes
5030:Fish stock
4898:Brevetoxin
4778:Myxosporea
4626:Yellowhead
4621:White spot
4499:Columnaris
4045:Groundfish
4040:Freshwater
4035:Euryhaline
4020:Coral reef
3956:Salmon run
3946:Paedophagy
3848:Amphibious
3835:Locomotion
3643:pharyngeal
3631:physostome
3584:Photophore
3530:Glossohyal
3503:gill raker
3486:dorsal fin
3436:physiology
2858:10 January
2194:BioScience
1850:References
1706:1,000,000
1689:Caused by
1619:fish farms
1549:grass carp
1396:Ting River
1333:fish farms
1331:and large
1171:21,000,000
1167:1997–1998
1135:Caused by
1121:22,000,000
1101:paper mill
1006:Caused by
1000:22,000,000
910:scavengers
880:Estimation
799:Nile River
678:Excessive
660:mudpuppies
593:neurotoxin
563:fish ponds
522:See also:
359:See also:
291:protozoans
267:New Forest
255:See also:
233:rhythm as
163:See also:
153:explosions
145:sea-quakes
5919:Fish kill
5786:WorldFish
5751:SeaChoice
5364:Fish kill
5344:Upwelling
5309:Migration
5216:fisheries
5010:Fisheries
4933:Saxitoxin
4913:Fish kill
4903:Ciguatera
4817:Sea louse
4766:Monogenea
4661:Carp lice
4635:Parasites
4480:Pathogens
4294:chimaeras
4181:Predatory
4158:Salmonids
4116:Whitefish
4106:Poisonous
4081:Diversity
4015:Coldwater
3951:Predatory
3941:Migratory
3901:Bait ball
3884:behaviour
3803:Pregnancy
3798:Polyandry
3572:papillare
3567:Operculum
3562:Meristics
3508:gill slit
3471:Cleithrum
3401:Fish kill
3391:Fear of -
3384:- as food
3374:Fisheries
3359:Evolution
3349:Diversity
3146:2 January
3112:2 January
3101:Dagbladet
3082:msnbc.com
2995:4 January
2960:7 January
2298:23 August
2272:23 August
2246:23 August
2220:23 August
1814:Bird kill
1769:Millions
1733:various:
1656:, Norway
1650:Nordreisa
1595:Taal Lake
1576:anchovies
1497:2,000,000
1343:Guangzhou
1305:Taal Lake
1286:1,900,000
1200:4,800,000
906:Predators
806:spot fish
775:Louisiana
695:turbidity
624:known as
589:zoospores
494:River Cam
450:into the
439:plant in
437:phosphate
430:polymeric
414:pesticide
314:parasites
211:eutrophic
199:sea water
191:diffusion
42:fish kill
40:The term
5796:HERMIONE
5724:Advocacy
5636:Discards
5170:FishBase
5160:EconMult
5110:EcoSCOPE
4655:Anisakis
4418:Category
4369:Smallest
4282:lampreys
4245:flatfish
4235:Demersal
4191:mackerel
4186:billfish
4126:Commerce
4055:Tropical
4030:Demersal
4025:Deep-sea
3981:Venomous
3873:RoboTuna
3823:triggers
3818:Spawning
3778:Juvenile
3763:Egg case
3396:FishBase
3214:10 April
3164:Archived
3106:Archived
3062:Archived
3038:Archived
3018:Archived
2989:Archived
2949:CBS News
2923:Archived
2899:Archived
2879:Archived
2852:BBC News
2827:Archived
2803:Archived
2786:Archived
2735:Archived
2731:BBC News
2703:Archived
2680:Archived
2660:Archived
2641:Archived
2617:Archived
2594:Archived
2575:Archived
2555:Archived
2537:Archived
2520:Archived
2516:BBC News
2450:Archived
2422:TF1 INFO
2401:Archived
2383:Archived
2371:Archived
2352:Archived
2316:Archived
2292:Archived
2266:Archived
2240:Archived
2214:Archived
2171:Archived
2111:Archived
2064:Archived
2053:Archived
2034:Archived
2016:Archived
1987:Archived
1968:Archived
1948:Archived
1928:Archived
1914:, p. 316
1889:Archived
1866:Archived
1839:Roadkill
1798:See also
1703:2018 12
1686:Various
1640:Milkfish
1613:milkfish
1584:sardines
1580:mackerel
1571:millions
1567:2011 03
1508:croakers
1493:2011 01
1466:2010 12
1449:flounder
1432:2010 09
1404:2010 07
1373:2010 01
1361:Unknown
1291:menhaden
1282:2004 09
1255:2002 09
1220:2000 07
1149:1986 01
1137:red tide
1039:creamery
1008:red tide
981:Remarks
978:Species
945:aeration
932:spawning
870:aquarium
750:and the
640:decaying
603:Red tide
582:shoaling
528:Red tide
513:Red tide
474:Chlorine
460:microbes
422:buffered
405:Anabaena
394:toxicity
283:bacteria
245:leachate
203:salinity
149:poaching
139:spills,
86:toxicity
62:Toxicity
21:Fishkill
5832:CalCOFI
5801:PROFISH
5731:FishAct
5631:Bycatch
5165:Ecopath
5080:Biomass
5012:science
4980:Fishery
4509:Fin rot
4364:Largest
4277:hagfish
4272:Jawless
4250:pollock
4223:sardine
4218:herring
4213:anchovy
4163:Tilapia
4153:Octopus
4148:Catfish
4135:Farming
4050:Pelagic
4010:Coastal
3997:habitat
3853:Walking
3758:Clasper
3710:Otolith
3672:systems
3670:Sensory
3604:ganoine
3579:Papilla
3430:Anatomy
3369:Fishing
3240:13 July
3203:CSIRO.
2714:Report.
2710:NOAA's
2486:Bibcode
2428:19 June
1753:, etc.
1743:gudgeon
1739:catfish
1721:river,
1675:Guangxi
1666:herring
1609:Tilapia
1528:250,000
1516:Jiaxing
1470:100,000
1441:redfish
1436:100,000
1323:tilapia
1224:100,000
1153:500,000
1103:on the
1099:from a
928:Hungary
795:tilapia
689:in the
656:mussels
466:Cyanide
426:calcium
416:called
341:oxygen)
279:viruses
215:diurnal
5771:Oceana
5534:EU MLS
4846:Xenoma
4841:Velvet
4717:Glugea
4711:Flukes
4382:sharks
4299:sharks
4228:sprats
4208:Forage
4196:salmon
4076:Coarse
3858:Flying
3730:Vision
3685:Barbel
3599:Scales
3459:dermal
3339:About
2761:25 May
2098:p. 278
2094:
1910:
1735:zander
1723:Poland
1541:murrel
1399:Fujian
1377:20,000
1368:Thanet
1352:10,000
1264:salmon
1259:70,000
1229:salmon
1097:Kymene
1087:salmon
1082:50,000
1060:salmon
1055:50,000
1029:salmon
1024:10,000
975:Count
924:sludge
890:turbid
732:salmon
554:toxins
550:runoff
418:endrin
378:sewage
367:, and
355:Toxins
133:sewage
96:Causes
4344:Blind
4332:Lists
4111:Rough
3976:Sleep
3882:Other
3648:shark
3638:Teeth
1747:loach
1727:2022
1654:Troms
1533:bream
1445:trout
1309:Luzon
1237:perch
1233:trout
1196:1999
1117:1986
1091:trout
1078:1979
1064:trout
1051:1976
1033:trout
1020:1974
996:1935
972:Date
866:spawn
813:Texas
538:algae
454:near
287:fungi
5659:case
5397:and
5214:Wild
4996:and
4794:spp.
4377:rays
4311:Bony
4304:rays
4201:tuna
4143:Carp
4101:Oily
4086:Game
4071:Bait
4005:Cave
3788:Milt
3493:Gill
3481:Fins
3454:Bone
3341:fish
3332:Fish
3285:NASA
3242:2023
3229:AP.
3216:2023
3148:2012
3114:2012
2997:2011
2962:2011
2860:2011
2763:2011
2430:2023
2300:2009
2274:2009
2248:2009
2222:2009
2092:ISBN
1908:ISBN
1751:chub
1719:Oder
1537:carp
1357:carp
1243:whey
908:and
744:milt
658:and
542:scum
526:and
478:Lime
408:and
388:and
285:and
167:and
5410:Law
4616:VHS
4611:UDN
4240:cod
3995:By
3808:Roe
3535:Jaw
3433:and
3186:doi
3068:."
3044:."
2984:CNN
2929:."
2905:."
2833:."
2809:."
2638:)."
2494:doi
2458:doi
900:fry
540:or
532:An
308:In
181:in
5915::
5393:,
5389:,
3233:.
3207:.
3134:.
3130:.
2999:.
2981:.
2964:.
2946:.
2850:.
2780:.
2752:.
2729:.
2605:^
2514:.
2492:.
2482:19
2480:.
2468:^
2420:.
2326:^
2197:51
2159:^
1998:^
1877:^
1749:,
1745:,
1741:,
1737:,
1652:,
1611:,
1582:,
1578:,
1547:,
1543:,
1539:,
1535:,
1460:;
1447:,
1443:,
1426:;
1390:.
1307:,
1276:,
1235:,
1231:,
1190:;
1139:.
1128:,
1089:,
1062:,
1031:,
993:)
730:A
662:.
402:,
384:,
380:,
376:,
363:,
305:.
281:,
231:pH
131:,
52:,
4972:e
4965:t
4958:v
4566:)
4562:(
4465:e
4458:t
4451:v
3324:e
3317:t
3310:v
3244:.
3218:.
3192:.
3188::
3150:.
3116:.
2862:.
2765:.
2500:.
2496::
2488::
2460::
2432:.
2302:.
2276:.
2250:.
2224:.
2180:.
2081:.
1934:,
989:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
