273:
185:
712:. Turbidity is defined as the measure of water clarity by how much the suspended material, such as algae and phytoplankton, constrict the passage of sunlight through water. Hence, as phytoplankton begin to multiply more rapidly, turbidity in the river and gulf increases. The increasing turbidity blocks plants from absorbing sunlight. The process of turbidity results in limited photosynthesis production, and sometimes even death from sunlight deprivation of the submerged aquatic vegetation that are affected by the opaque turbid water accumulating at the surface.
5216:
606:. This toxin results in the fish developing bleeding lesions, and their skin flakes off in the water. The dinoflagellates then eat the blood and flakes of tissue while the affected fish die. Fish kills by this dinoflagellate are common, and they may also have been responsible for kills in the past which were thought to have had other causes. Kills like these can be viewed as natural mechanisms for regulating the population of exceptionally abundant fish. The rate at which the kills occur increases as organically polluted
738:
112:
3277:
3432:
4424:
4406:
304:, flukes and worms, or crustaceans. These are naturally occurring in many bodies of water, and fish that are stressed for other reasons, such as spawning or suboptimal water quality, are more susceptible. Signs of disease include sores, missing scales or lack of slime, strange growths or visible parasites, and abnormal behavior–lazy, erratic, gasping at the water surface or floating head, tail or belly up.
682:
40:
5470:
500:
4436:
512:
520:
704:. As phytoplankton continue to rapidly grow under optimal conditions, their biomass is almost doubled every 24 hours. In the water, higher concentrations of organic matter are present because of the high reproductive rate of the phytoplankton over a short period of time. The rapid growth of phytoplankton causes
2276:
728:
Consequently, as more bacteria, phytoplankton, and algae exponentially grow and multiply, the more submerged aquatic vegetation die, because they do not have access to sunlight due to eutrophication. Once this snowball-like course of action is in full motion, a dead zone has been created. As a result
724:
and begin to die. As the dead phytoplankton accumulate, detritus, or organic matter waste, forms at the surface along with other bacteria and algae. As more phytoplankton die, the higher the concentration of organic matter becomes; and with a higher concentration of organic matter, more bacteria will
1723:
An independent assessment found that three significant fish death events were primarily caused by local hydrological and climatic conditions, shaped by a broader climatic, hydrologic and basin management context that placed the lower
Darling River at risk of such fish deaths. The immediate cause was
3012:
Dead drum fish floated in the water and lined the banks of a 20-mile stretch of the
Arkansas River near Ozark, about 125 miles northwest of Little Rock, said Keith Stephens of the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission. A tugboat operator discovered the fish kill Thursday night, and fisheries officials
803:
Fish kills can also result from a dramatic or prolonged drop in air (and thus, water) temperature. This kind of fish kill is selective – usually the dead fish are species that cannot tolerate cold. This has been observed in cases where a fish native to a more tropical region has been introduced to
626:
waters. In high concentrations it discolors the water which often appears reddish-brown in color. It produces a toxin which paralyses the central nervous system of fish so they cannot breathe. Dead fish wash up on beaches around Texas and
Florida. Humans can also become seriously ill from eating
219:
Many cold water fish that live in clean cold waters become stressed when oxygen concentrations fall below 8 mg/L while warm water fish generally need at least 5 ppm (5 mg/L) of dissolved oxygen. Fish can endure short periods of reduced oxygen. Depleted oxygen levels are the most common
82:
and are usually investigated as a matter of urgency by environmental agencies to determine the cause of the kill. Many fish species have a relatively low tolerance of variations in environmental conditions and their death is often a potent indicator of problems in their environment that may be
791:
A short period of hot weather can increase temperatures in the surface layer of water, as the warmer water tends to stay near the surface and be further heated by the air. In this case, the top warmer layer may have more oxygen than the lower, cooler layers because it has constant access to
779:
A fish kill can occur with rapid fluctuations in temperature or sustained high temperatures. Generally, cooler water has the potential to hold more oxygen, so a period of sustained high temperatures can lead to decreased dissolved oxygen in a body of water. An August 2010 fish kill in
454:, accidentally dumped 60 million US gal (0.23 million kl) of acidic process water into Skinned Sapling Creek, reducing the pH from about 8 to less than 4 along 36 miles (58 km) of creek, resulting in the death of about 1.3 million fish.
220:
cause of fish kills. Oxygen levels normally fluctuate even over the course of a day and are affected by weather, temperature, the amount of sunlight available, and the amount of living and dead plant and animal matter in the water. In temperate zones oxygen levels in
2272:
879:) can also result in inland fish kills. Fish kill due to insufficient oxygen is really a matter of too much demand and too little supply for whatever reason(s). Recommended stocking densities are available from many sources for bodies of water ranging from a home
729:
of the excess nutrient enrichment in the
Mississippi River, dead zones appear in the Gulf of Mexico, created from the process of eutrophication. The dead zones in the gulf are mainly created by the nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment of the Lower Mississippi River.
961:
Many countries in the developed world have specific provisions in place to encourage the public to report fish kills so that a proper investigation can take place. Investigation of the cause of a kill requires a multi-disciplinary approach including on-site
812:, the tilapia stop feeding when water temperatures drop below 60 °F (16 °C) and die when it reaches 45 °F (7 °C). Thus, tilapia that have survived and successfully reproduced in Florida are occasionally killed by a winter cold front.
2651:
860:
A drought can lead to lower water volumes so that even if the water contains a high level of dissolved oxygen, the reduced volume may not be enough for the fish population. Droughts often occur in conjunction with high temperatures so that the oxygen
2388:
Reuter’s News
Service report of massive fish kill at the mouth of the Mississippi River in September, 2010. The Division of Wildlife stated that the fish kill was unrelated to the oil spill that had recently occurred in the Gulf of Mexico:
953:
Fish kills are difficult to predict. Even when conditions that contribute to fish kill are known to exist, prevention is hard because often conditions cannot be improved and fish cannot be safely removed in time. In small ponds, mechanical
59:, refers to a localized die-off of fish populations which may also be associated with more generalized mortality of aquatic life. The most common cause is reduced oxygen in the water, which in turn may be due to factors such as drought,
166:, and other catastrophic events that upset a normally stable aquatic population. Because of the difficulty and lack of standard protocol to investigate fish kills, many fish kill cases are designated as having an unknown cause.
216:) while a maximum of 9 mg/L of oxygen can dissolve in fresh water. The amount of oxygen that can be dissolved in the water decreases by about 1 mg/L for each 10 °C increase in water temperature above 20 °C.
719:
in the
Mississippi River is the increased uptake of dissolved oxygen by bacteria, in response to higher concentrations of organic matter. After eutrophication starts and is in progress, the phytoplankton reach their maximum
2547:
311:
basin in the spring, from the time water temperatures are in the 50s (°F) until they reach the mid-70s. So far, investigators suspect certain bacteria, along with environmental and contaminant factors that may cause
2326:
849:, mining or blast testing of structures under water. In many places, an assessment of potential effects of underwater explosions on marine life must be completed and preventive measures taken before blasting.
627:
oysters and other shellfish contaminated with the red tide toxin. The term "red tide" is also commonly used to describe harmful algal blooms on the northern east coast of the United States, particularly in the
2428:
2644:
571:
uses oxygen in the water that would be available to fish. A fish kill in a lake in
Estonia in 2002 was attributed to a combination of algae bloom and high temperatures. When people manage algae blooms in
351:
Abnormal distribution of the fish such as crowding at the surface, inlet, or pond edges (though crowding at the surface during specific times of day, such as early morning, is more likely a sign of low
5806:
3138:
2933:
788:, September, 2010, was attributed to a combination of high temperatures and low tide. Such kills are known to happen in this region in late summer and early fall, but this one was unusually large.
5459:
2837:
1978:
457:
It is often difficult or impossible to determine whether a potential toxin is the direct cause of a fish kill. For example, hundreds of thousands of fish died after an accidental spill of
446:
Human-induced fish kills are unusual, but occasionally a spilled substance causes direct toxicity or a shift in water temperature or pH that can lead to fish kill. For example, in 1997 a
941:
into the Marcai River is acknowledged as causing environmental devastation, The loss of adult fish also can have long-term impacts on the success of the fishery as the following year's
5200:
3192:
338:
and can kill all the fish in an affected pond. In addition to altered behavior, affected fish have swollen gills that are mottled and have the appearance of ground hamburger meat.
208:, the water temperature and whether the water is salty. For example, at 20 °C (68 °F) and one atmosphere of pressure, a maximum of 8 mg/L of oxygen can dissolve in
2362:
974:
The counts given below are all estimates. They tend to be underestimates, and may omit, for example, small fish, those removed by scavengers and those that settle to the bottom.
945:
stock may have been lost and recovery of the pre-kill population may take years. The loss of food supplies or recreational income may be very significant to the local economy.
2955:"Massive La. Fishkill Prompts Oil Spill Questions Hundreds of Thousands of Dead Fish in Bayou Near Mississippi River; Oil, Chemical Dispersant, Oxygen Levels Eyed as Culprits"
2323:
1564:
Fish caught and transported to market held in large fish tanks fed with river water. Very rapid die-off and loss exceeded 100 tonnes. Only fish caught from a river under
749:
Some species of fish exhibit mass simultaneous mortality as part of their natural life cycle. Fish kill due to spawning fatalities can occur when fish are exhausted from
966:, investigation of inputs, review of meteorology and past history, toxicology, fish autopsy, invertebrate analysis and a robust knowledge of the area and its problems.
4981:
4553:
579:
Some diseases result in mass die-offs. One of the more bizarre and recently discovered diseases produces huge fish kills in shallow marine waters. It is caused by the
3116:
2909:
598:, are in confined situations such as shallow bays, the excretions from the fish encourage this dinoflagellate, which is not normally toxic, to produce free-swimming
5816:
5442:
665:
in
Illinois was traced to discharge of animal waste into the river from a large dairy operation. The illegal discharge resulted in a complete kill of fish, frogs,
435:
water. Aluminium compounds can cause complete fish kills, sometimes associated with autumn turn-over of lakes leading to complex chemical interactions between pH,
3150:
2467:; Govoni, et al., 2008, Effects of Underwater Explosions on Larval Fish: Implications for a Coastal Engineering Project, Journal of Coastal Research 2(S):228-233
2460:
2393:
2224:
5489:
4474:
2889:
487:
introduced as alkaline hypochlorite solution is also extremely toxic, leaving pale mucilaginous gills and an over-production of mucilage across the whole body.
2544:
2302:
2137:
5592:
5437:
4136:
3333:
2930:
126:
Fish kills may result from a variety of causes. Of known causes, fish kills are most frequently caused by pollution from agricultural runoff or biotoxins.
2411:
1958:
3878:
2834:
5564:
4594:
1975:
784:
was attributed to low oxygen as a result of high temperatures. A massive (hundreds of thousands) fish kill at the mouth of the
Mississippi River in
2604:
1279:
Low flow of water due to drought and water diversions for agriculture led to heated and shallow water, increasing vulnerability to a gill disease.
796:. If the volume of low oxygen water is much greater than the volume in the warm surface layer, this mixing can reduce oxygen levels throughout the
5725:
4536:
2954:
1997:
2713:
2585:
2381:
757:(sperm). Fish are generally weaker after spawning and are less resilient than usual to smaller changes in the environment. Examples include the
469:. However, officials could not determine whether the fish kill was due to the bourbon directly or to oxygen depletion that resulted when aquatic
103:
may affect larger specimens more than smaller fish as these may be able to access oxygen richer water at the surface, at least for a short time.
2999:
2670:
3174:
2813:
3048:
1938:
3028:
2796:
641:. These blooms are natural phenomenon, but the exact cause or combination of factors that result in red tides outbreak not fully understood.
929:
Many kills are reported only when dead fish resurface due to decompositional gas formation, often several hours after the kill has occurred.
576:, it is recommended that treatments be staggered to avoid too much algae dying at once, which may result in a large drop in oxygen content.
5447:
4974:
3280:
251:
Additional dissolved organic loads are the most common cause of oxygen depletion and such organic loads may come from sewage, farm waste,
5622:
5499:
3705:
2690:
2359:
2044:
841:
are more susceptible. Sometimes underwater explosions are used on purpose to induce fish kills, a generally illegal practice known as
555:
floating on the surface of a body of water. Algae blooms are a natural occurrence in nutrient-rich lakes and rivers, though sometimes
130:(oxygen depletion) is one of the most common natural causes of fish kills. The suffocating event may be brought on by factors such as
5821:
5554:
5549:
4467:
3735:
2181:
2106:
2074:
1922:
865:
of the water may also be reduced. Low river flows also reduce the available dilution for permitted discharges of treated sewage or
2429:"Hécatombe aux États-Unis : des milliers de poissons morts s'échouent sur les plages du Texas à cause de la chaleur de l'eau"
5030:
4877:
3072:
2454:
1767:
5751:
5607:
4967:
3389:
3326:
866:
690:
184:
4440:
272:
5085:
4933:
4599:
4558:
2530:
2063:
1876:
958:
and/or removal of decaying matter (such as fallen leaves or dead algae) may be reasonable and effective preventive measures.
99:
is the cause, species are more generally affected and the event may include amphibians and shellfish as well. A reduction in
3306:
2121:
2089:
2565:
869:. The reduced dilution increases the organic demand for oxygen further reducing the oxygen concentration available to fish
5720:
5710:
5617:
5115:
4938:
4918:
4872:
4845:
4716:
4548:
3215:
3106:
2906:
2022:
A Beginner's Guide to Water
Management – Fish Kills, Information Circular 107, University of Florida IFAS Extension, 2003
1899:
1438:
193:
2745:
5791:
5700:
5195:
5150:
4747:
4626:
4460:
3474:
1261:
2457:
2390:
2220:
2026:
4903:
4483:
3374:
2883:
2201:
792:
atmospheric oxygen. If a heavy wind or cold rain then occurs (usually during the autumn but sometimes in summer), the
267:
68:
2391:
http://www.aolnews.com/2010/09/16/massive-mississippi-river-fish-kill-not-bps-fault/ Massive Fish Kill Not BP's Fault
3191:
Vertessy, Robert; Barma, Daren; Baumgartner, Lee; Mitrovic, Simon; Sheldon, Fran; Bond, Nicholas (8 February 2023).
2298:
5746:
5635:
5215:
4882:
4621:
4126:
3853:
3823:
3710:
3319:
1701:
1565:
1226:
2627:
1874:"The Quality of Our Nation’s Waters - A Summary of the National Water Quality Inventory: 1998 Report to Congress."
5900:
5895:
5872:
5781:
5612:
5587:
4887:
4399:
4392:
4359:
4101:
3773:
3454:
3307:
Fish Kills – Their Causes and Prevention, Virginia Tech, Virginia Cooperative Extension Publication 420-252, 2009
2551:
2487:
Labay, Andrew A.; Bizan, Dave (1999). "A Comparison of Fish Kill Counting Procedures on a Small, Narrow Stream".
2090:
Fish Kills - Their Causes and Prevention, Virginia Tech, Virginia Cooperative Extension Publication 420-252, 2009
1573:
31:
2508:
5934:
5786:
5519:
5494:
5165:
5140:
4948:
4514:
4409:
4168:
2408:
1955:
963:
64:
3431:
2250:
5877:
5539:
5432:
5110:
5065:
5050:
4833:
4821:
4765:
4611:
4387:
4369:
3931:
3680:
3146:
175:
127:
933:
Some very large fish kills may never be estimated because of these factors. The discharge of red aluminium
5801:
5661:
5334:
4794:
4684:
4563:
4349:
4173:
4158:
3981:
3700:
3589:
1660:
846:
793:
602:. If the fish remain in the area, continuing to provide nourishment, then the zoospores start secreting a
592:
466:
331:
2202:"The Dynamics of Science, Perception, and Policy during the Outbreak of Pfiesteria in the Chesapeake Bay"
2101:
Larson et al., 1997, Pesticides in Surface Waters: distribution, trends and governing factors. CRC Press
5685:
5559:
5185:
5080:
4851:
4691:
4569:
4498:
4379:
4364:
3873:
3690:
2760:
2601:
2179:"Fish kills linked to a toxic ambush-predator dinoflagellate: distribution and environmental conditions"
1819:
1198:
1001:
637:
3301:
2964:
2378:
1994:
83:
affecting other animals and plants and may have a direct impact on other uses of the water such as for
3302:
Oxygen Depletion in Ponds, University of Georgia Cooperative Extension Service, Publication L233, 1993
2710:
2582:
567:, but most fish kills due to algae bloom are a result of decreased oxygen levels. When the algae die,
5544:
5524:
5484:
5454:
5401:
4839:
4801:
4782:
4734:
4659:
4588:
4542:
4374:
3670:
2989:
2667:
2496:
1839:
1491:
834:
587:
205:
151:
79:
3171:
2810:
819:
was attributed to a combination of cold stress and overpopulation after a particularly large spawn.
5705:
5695:
5628:
5597:
5582:
5409:
5405:
5369:
5125:
5095:
4741:
4631:
4605:
4163:
4106:
3906:
3793:
3582:
3045:
1935:
1834:
384:
139:
88:
3025:
2788:
1397:
20000 + dead crabs – along with dead starfish, lobsters, sponges and anemones. Probably killed by
737:
5929:
5890:
5666:
5509:
4636:
4574:
3745:
2977:
Hundreds of thousands of dead fish were floating west of the Mississippi River, in Bayou Chaland.
2765:
2722:
1202:
721:
693:
556:
313:
2602:"Collection and Submission of Samples for Fish-Kill Investigation and Toxic-Substance Analysis."
5771:
5756:
5239:
5205:
5160:
5090:
5035:
5020:
5004:
4677:
4091:
3996:
3901:
3813:
3808:
3755:
3562:
3369:
3359:
2102:
1918:
1434:
1339:
1218:
862:
774:
701:
451:
135:
2453:
Lewis, 1996, Effects of Underwater Explosions on Life in the Sea, report DSTO-GD-0080 to the
2150:
345:
Discolouration, open sores, reddening of the skin, bleeding, black or white spots on the skin
5852:
5656:
5651:
5359:
5279:
5075:
5060:
5055:
4711:
4698:
3833:
3778:
3740:
3695:
3653:
3577:
3364:
3196:
2687:
2504:
2468:
2041:
1854:
1529:
1307:
1107:
379:
308:
248:
is metabolised by plant cells. This can lead to pH stress even when oxygen levels are high.
233:
100:
44:
5857:
5715:
5504:
5294:
5249:
5234:
5135:
4758:
4705:
4581:
4050:
4030:
3858:
3845:
3828:
3783:
3665:
3604:
3528:
3523:
3459:
3446:
3416:
3178:
3076:
3052:
3032:
2937:
2913:
2893:
2841:
2817:
2717:
2694:
2674:
2655:
2631:
2608:
2589:
2569:
2464:
2415:
2397:
2385:
2366:
2330:
2185:
2125:
2078:
2067:
2048:
2030:
2001:
1982:
1962:
1942:
1903:
1880:
1485:
1472:
1378:
942:
876:
758:
750:
580:
480:
458:
432:
400:
375:
328:
281:
245:
229:
179:
147:
111:
3242:"Tens of thousands of dead fish wash up on Texas beach due to low oxygen levels in water"
2178:
2071:
1118:
a tributary of the Ogmore. Successful prosecution followed and substantial compensation.
2500:
341:
Some early warning signs of fish suffering from disease or parasite infections include:
5847:
5776:
5690:
5339:
5319:
5299:
5274:
5224:
5155:
5145:
5105:
5045:
5008:
4928:
4616:
4530:
4326:
4299:
4191:
4183:
4116:
4086:
4025:
4007:
3961:
3951:
3555:
3508:
1829:
1753:
1708:
1499:
1468:
1288:
1190:
1140:
1123:
997:
955:
762:
716:
709:
662:
658:
649:
Just as an algae bloom can lead to oxygen depletion, introduction of a large amount of
632:
623:
618:
583:
527:
462:
396:
392:
237:
116:
84:
3069:
2858:
5923:
5867:
5862:
5766:
5529:
5427:
5397:
5284:
5269:
5254:
5130:
4771:
4504:
4428:
4331:
4245:
4065:
4040:
4035:
3991:
3986:
3941:
3936:
3916:
3788:
3567:
3486:
3193:
Independent Assessment of the 2018-19 fish deaths in the lower Darling - Final Report
1844:
1636:
1350:
1136:
913:
can decompose or become buried in sediments very quickly and are lost from the count.
910:
903:
or have low transparency making it difficult or impossible to see fish that have sunk
872:
842:
654:
650:
628:
568:
488:
409:
355:
Abnormal activity such as flashing, twisting, whirling, convulsions, loss of buoyancy
225:
189:
92:
5469:
5349:
5264:
5244:
5190:
5100:
5070:
4808:
4752:
4321:
4145:
4060:
4020:
3921:
3863:
3803:
3730:
3725:
3715:
3631:
3621:
3550:
3533:
3440:
3401:
3394:
2522:
1814:
1512:
1427:
1115:
1084:
838:
816:
797:
781:
681:
320:
39:
3290:
2060:
1873:
815:
In January, 2011, a selective fish kill affecting an estimated 2 million juvenile
2118:
407:
and fish kill. Some algae species also produce toxins. In Florida, these include
5602:
5514:
5364:
5344:
5329:
5314:
5309:
5259:
5040:
4814:
4653:
4524:
4304:
4292:
4218:
3976:
3971:
3946:
3926:
3868:
3763:
3658:
3636:
3626:
3599:
3469:
3421:
2562:
1555:
1398:
1392:
1284:
1155:
1079:
Extreme drought left fish stranded in stagnant pools into which sewers drained.
1057:
1026:
884:
845:. Underwater explosions may be accidental or planned, such as for construction,
697:
607:
595:
560:
544:
534:
371:
131:
60:
1896:
1221:, which had discharged 10,000 gallons of the chemical HMP 2000 into the river.
653:
biological material in general to a body of water leads to oxygen depletion as
5826:
5534:
5324:
5304:
4908:
4788:
4509:
4452:
4354:
4121:
4055:
4045:
3966:
3956:
3641:
3609:
3594:
3540:
3513:
3496:
2737:
2360:
August 2010 fish kill in Delaware Bay linked to high temperatures – low oxygen
1629:
1559:
1406:
1343:
1111:
809:
603:
552:
499:
277:
155:
661:. For example, a 10 miles (16 km) fish kill in September, 2010, in the
5796:
5761:
5354:
4943:
4913:
4827:
4776:
4721:
4671:
4111:
4096:
4081:
3911:
3572:
3518:
3503:
3481:
3464:
3111:
2023:
1824:
1605:
1586:
1353:
1315:
920:
900:
785:
705:
599:
573:
504:
447:
440:
424:
334:, for example, the "hamburger gill disease" is caused by a protozoan called
324:
301:
221:
209:
201:
163:
115:
Depleted oxygen levels are the most common cause of fish kills. In this way
3241:
2634:
Coastal Studies Laboratory, University of Texas-Pan American. Edinburg, TX.
3092:
2942:
Zijin mining officials fined 1.16 million yuan for waste spills in fujian.
906:
Rivers and streams can move fish downstream out of the investigation area.
17:
5646:
5180:
5170:
5120:
4959:
4665:
4314:
4255:
4201:
4196:
4015:
3883:
3545:
3491:
3406:
3200:
2959:
1849:
1650:
1623:
1594:
1590:
1518:
1459:
1301:
1147:
1049:
1018:
916:
880:
670:
613:
538:
523:
484:
415:
404:
293:
255:
252:
213:
159:
96:
72:
3024:
Maryland Department of the Environment, Baltimore, MD (5 January 2011).
2563:
Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute - Submit A Fish Kill Report
1052:
waste through poorly maintained sewer. Successful prosecution followed.
696:
of phosphorus and nitrogen allow for rapid growth and multiplication of
431:. Natural instances of toxic conditions can occur, especially in poorly
5842:
5811:
5741:
5641:
5175:
4990:
4519:
4287:
4282:
4260:
4233:
4228:
4223:
3768:
3720:
3614:
3384:
3379:
2624:
2061:
information from the Department of Environmental Quality, Virginia, USA
1917:
Noga, Fish Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment, 2010, John Wiley and Sons
1749:
1685:
1676:
1619:
1526:
1451:
1333:
938:
805:
511:
491:
produces similar symptoms but is also often associated with milk eyes.
476:
470:
436:
120:
2611:
University of Missouri Extension, Columbia, MO. Publication No. G9402.
2472:
1021:. This event caused coughing, sneezing and watery red eyes in humans.
95:
or species that are not cold-tolerant may be selectively affected. If
4856:
4727:
4206:
1745:
1733:
1551:
1409:
1274:
1239:
1097:
1070:
1039:
934:
742:
666:
428:
388:
204:. The amount of oxygen that can be dissolved in water depends on the
143:
2152:
Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, Biology and Ecology
765:
where many of the females routinely die immediately after spawning.
519:
2727:
Silver Spring, MD: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
2246:
4309:
4238:
3648:
1757:
1664:
1543:
1455:
1319:
1247:
1243:
1101:
1074:
1043:
895:
Estimating the magnitude of a kill presents a number of problems.
823:
736:
680:
564:
548:
518:
510:
498:
423:. Some notable fish kills in Louisiana in the 1950s were due to a
297:
289:
271:
183:
110:
38:
1956:"Advancing the science and practice of fish kill investigations."
526:
is a reddish algae bloom caused by a microorganism common in the
5289:
4211:
4153:
3798:
3351:
3342:
3295:
2273:"Red Tide Fact Sheet - Red Tide (Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning)"
1761:
1729:
1547:
1367:
1253:
857:
Droughts and overstocking can also result in inland fish kills.
754:
483:. In cyanide poisoning the gills turn a distinctive cherry red.
5395:
5002:
4963:
4456:
3315:
323:, where populations are optimized for the available resources,
4250:
3818:
2994:
2600:
Pierce, Robert A.; May, Thomas W.; Suppes, V. Charles (1994).
2369:. Newjerseynewsroom.com (2010-08-12). Retrieved on 2012-05-23.
559:
leading to algae blooms are due to fertilizer or animal waste
2221:"Red Tide FAQ - Is it safe to eat oysters during a red tide?"
1872:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC (2000).
753:
such as courtship, nest building, and the release of eggs or
515:
A large algae bloom off the southern coast of England in 1999
307:
For example, since 2004 fish kills have been observed in the
138:. Fish kills may also occur due to the presence of disease,
2509:
10.1577/1548-8675(1999)019<0209:ACOFKC>2.0.CO;2
2072:
History of fish kills in the Shenandoah watershed, Virginia
1720:
Murray cod, silver perch, golden perch, bony herring, carp
241:
3181:. chinadaily.com.cn (2012-02-04). Retrieved on 2012-05-23.
3139:"Mass death of herring off northern Norway puzzles locals"
3013:
collected some of the dying animals to conduct tests. ...
715:
Furthermore, a significant detrimental outcome caused by
622:, a microscopic marine dinoflagellate which is common in
348:
Abnormal shape, swollen areas, abnormal lumps, or popeyes
87:
production. Pollution events may affect fish species and
3109:[Overnight the beach was full of dead herring].
657:
use up available oxygen in the process of breaking down
3311:
1306:"Natural upwelling" of an acknowledged polluted river.
3292:
Fish Kill in the Gulf of Oman: A space-based diagnosis
1976:
EPA Scientist Points at Fracking in Fish-Kill Mystery.
358:
Listlessness, weakness, sluggishness, lack of activity
196:. Fish kills are often a sign of environmental stress.
91:
in different ways. If it is a cold-related fish kill,
3026:"MDE Investigates Large Fish Kill in Chesapeake Bay."
631:. This type of bloom is caused by another species of
2658:
Texas Water Commission, Austin TX. Report No. 88-02.
119:
can have devastating consequences for the health of
5835:
5734:
5678:
5575:
5477:
5420:
5223:
5019:
4896:
4865:
4645:
4490:
4342:
4275:
4182:
4144:
4135:
4074:
4005:
3892:
3844:
3754:
3679:
3439:
3349:
3269:
2042:
Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Dissolved Oxygen
1891:
1889:
926:
Stressed fish may swim up tributaries and die there
822:"Hundreds of thousands" of fish were found dead in
2789:"Neuse fish kill estimate now closer to 2 million"
2347:Environmental Science: Toward a Sustainable Future
2004:. Engineeringtoolbox.com. Retrieved on 2012-05-23.
1724:oxygen depletion when the weir pool destratified.
1521:. Cold water stress was believed to be the cause.
808:to bodies of water in Florida. Native to Africa's
75:is a real but far less common cause of fish kill.
2859:"Thousands of dead crabs wash up on Kent beaches"
2686:Science House (North Carolina State University).
2324:Contaminated Water Kills Fish in Central Illinois
2885:Winter Crab deaths - the statistics and a ramble
2523:"Hungarian chemical sludge spill reaches Danube"
2418:. Cnn.com (2011-01-06). Retrieved on 2012-05-23.
1985:Scientific American. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
616:is the name commonly given to an algal bloom of
473:rapidly began to consume and digest the liquor.
78:Fish kills are often the first visible signs of
67:, or a sustained increase in water temperature.
5817:International Seafood Sustainability Foundation
5443:United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
2645:"Observations on the 1987-1987 Texas Red Tide (
2345:Wright, Richard T.; Boorse, Dorothy F. (2014).
1895:University of Florida. Gainesville, FL (2005).
804:cooler waters, such as the introduction of the
2572:. Research.myfwc.com. Retrieved on 2012-05-23.
2489:North American Journal of Fisheries Management
2409:CNN story on Jan 6, 2011 Fish kill in Maryland
2349:. Boston: Pearson Education. pp. 523–578.
2177:Burkholder JM, Glasgow HB and Hobbs CW (1995)
2119:http://www.sekj.org/PDF/anzf33/anzf33-517p.pdf
1170:Caused by spill from Swiss chemical warehouse
4975:
4468:
3327:
2709:Bushaw-Newton, K.L. and Sellner, K.G.(1999).
2275:. Massachusetts Department of Public Health.
2173:
2171:
1655:Oxygen depletion and change of water climate
479:is a particular toxic compound that has been
8:
2619:
2617:
224:rivers in summertime can exhibit very large
5593:List of commercially important fish species
5438:Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing
2990:"Massive fish kill blankets Arkansas River"
1965:Reviews in Fisheries Science. 19(1): 21-33.
5417:
5392:
5016:
4999:
4982:
4968:
4960:
4475:
4461:
4453:
4141:
3334:
3320:
3312:
2761:"In Klamath Basin, politics trump science"
2495:(1). American Fisheries Society: 209–214.
2155:. Estonian Academy Publishers. p. 67.
976:
685:Map of the dead zone in the Gulf of Mexico
3879:Tradeoffs for locomotion in air and water
3172:Officials fired over cadmium spill|Nation
3107:"Over natta var stranda full av død sild"
2051:. Env.gov.bc.ca. Retrieved on 2012-05-23.
708:in the waters of the Mississippi and the
403:spills can all potentially lead to water
280:, England, has been restored following a
5565:Regional fishery management organisation
2482:
2480:
1995:Oxygen Solubility in Fresh and Sea Water
1936:"Deadly hypoxic event finally concludes"
43:There are many causes of fish kill, but
3216:"Expert commentary: Menindee fish kill"
2677:. Radford.edu. Retrieved on 2012-05-23.
2301:. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department.
2223:. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department.
1865:
1628:Caused by oxygen deprivation and large
1217:Caused by an automotive parts maker in
547:is the appearance of a large amount of
228:fluctuations with many hours of oxygen
3298:: Earth Observatory, featured article.
3266:
2822:Dead fish mystery in Guangzhou probed.
2738:"Pollution toll rises to 100,000 fish"
2247:"Harmful Algal Blooms: Red Tide: Home"
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
4595:Photobacterium damselae ssp piscicida
4554:Hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis
2581:Environment Agency, UK (2010-12-22).
2533:from the original on 20 January 2011.
2340:
2338:
1907:Plant Management in Florida's Waters.
1883:Document no. EPA-841-S-00-001. p. 18.
837:can lead to fish kill, and fish with
677:Nutrient pollution and eutrophication
158:, inappropriate re-stocking of fish,
27:Localized die-off of fish populations
7:
5448:United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement
2149:Estonian Academy Publishers (2005).
1421:Enough to feed 70,000 people a year
361:Loss of appetite or refusal to feed.
5623:Future of Marine Animal Populations
5500:Fishery Resources Monitoring System
5490:Monitoring control and surveillance
4435:
3706:Electroreception and electrogenesis
3119:from the original on 7 January 2012
3002:from the original on 4 January 2011
2963:. 15 September 2010. Archived from
2279:from the original on 26 August 2009
826:in June 2023 due to warming water.
591:. When large numbers of fish, like
2799:from the original on 27 July 2011.
2249:. US Centers for Disease Control.
327:or disease can spread quickly. In
134:, droughts, high temperatures and
25:
5822:Sea Shepherd Conservation Society
5555:National Marine Fisheries Service
5550:European Fisheries Control Agency
3095:. MSNBC. Retrieved on 2012-05-23.
2748:from the original on 5 July 2004.
563:. A few species of algae produce
300:in addition to parasites such as
69:Infectious diseases and parasites
5468:
5214:
5031:Population dynamics of fisheries
4878:Diseases and parasites in salmon
4434:
4423:
4422:
4405:
4404:
3430:
3275:
3149:. 2 January 2012. Archived from
3105:Lofstad, Ralf (2 January 2012).
2583:"Fish mortality investigations."
2455:Australian Department of Defence
2305:from the original on 6 July 2009
2227:from the original on 6 July 2009
1954:La, V. and S. J. Cooke. (2011).
1934:Oregon State University (2006).
1768:2022 Oder environmental disaster
1639:, Anda, Pangasinan, Philippines
236:at night. Associated with these
200:Oxygen enters the water through
5752:Aquaculture Stewardship Council
5608:Environmental impact of fishing
3390:Environmental impact of fishing
3281:Red tide outbreak and fish kill
2543:Environment Agency, UK (2009).
2253:from the original on 9 May 2009
1252:Unconfirmed link to release of
899:Polluted waters are often very
883:or backyard pond to commercial
875:of fish (or an unusually large
5726:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
5086:Otolith microchemical analysis
4934:Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning
4559:Infectious pancreatic necrosis
2787:Book, Sue (4 September 2009).
2668:Environmental History Timeline
2623:Reisinger, E. Anthony (2000).
2545:"Life after a fish mortality."
2189:Marine Ecology Progress Series
2165:Moyle and Cech, 2004, page 466
1974:Saraghan, M. (October, 2011).
1490:Coincided with death of 5,000
380:Marine pollution § Toxins
1:
5721:European Environmental Agency
5711:Grey nurse shark conservation
5618:Destructive fishing practices
5116:Pop-up satellite archival tag
4939:Paralytic shellfish poisoning
4919:Diarrheal shellfish poisoning
4873:Diseases and parasites in cod
4846:Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae
4717:Epizootic ulcerative syndrome
2138:Fish Kills in New South Wales
1688:, People's Republic of China
1600:Caused by oxygen deprivation
1439:Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana
745:which has died after spawning
5701:Marine conservation activism
5151:Climate change and fisheries
3475:intramembranous ossification
2759:Steve Pedery (5 July 2007).
2379:Slideshow: Massive fish kill
1791:Brazoria County, Texas, USA
949:Prevention and investigation
288:Fish are subject to various
240:rhythms there is a matching
232:during daylight followed by
71:can also lead to fish kill.
4904:Amnesic shellfish poisoning
4484:Fish diseases and parasites
1532:People's Republic of China
1412:People's Republic of China
1356:People's Republic of China
268:Fish diseases and parasites
162:with chemicals, underwater
5951:
5747:Marine Stewardship Council
5540:EU Common Fisheries Policy
4883:Disease in ornamental fish
3854:Fin and flipper locomotion
3824:Sequential hermaphroditism
3711:Jamming avoidance response
3428:
3289:Herring, and Scott (2002)
3044:News.big5.enorth.com.cn. "
2128:. Retrieved on 2012-05-23.
1702:2012 Guangxi cadmium spill
1566:China National Highway 320
1227:River Dee (United Kingdom)
964:environmental measurements
772:
532:
495:Algae blooms and red tides
369:
284:which killed all the fish.
265:
173:
29:
5901:Glossary of fishery terms
5896:Index of fishing articles
5886:
5613:Fishing down the food web
5588:Maximum sustainable yield
5466:
5416:
5391:
5212:
5146:Match/mismatch hypothesis
5015:
4998:
4888:List of aquarium diseases
4418:
3274:
2918:Water pollution disaster.
2833:hk.apple.nextmedia.com. "
2552:UK Government Web Archive
2435:(in French). 15 June 2023
1902:24 September 2008 at the
1774:Menindee, NSW, Australia
1574:Redondo Beach, California
853:Droughts and overstocking
557:increased nutrient levels
47:is the most common cause.
5787:Save Our Seas Foundation
5520:Individual fishing quota
5495:Vessel monitoring system
5141:Hydrographic containment
4949:Scombroid food poisoning
3083:Retrieved on 2010-01-08.
3059:Retrieved on 2010-01-08.
2944:Retrieved on 2010-01-08.
2920:Retrieved on 2010-01-08.
2912:25 December 2010 at the
2848:Retrieved on 2010-01-08.
2824:Retrieved on 2010-01-08.
2643:Trebatoski, Bob (1988).
2630:13 December 2010 at the
2384:22 February 2014 at the
2184:23 February 2012 at the
1981:13 December 2013 at the
1608:, Batangas, Philippines
1494:that fell from the sky.
1143:, various other species
258:and many other sources.
5433:Exclusive economic zone
5111:GIS and aquatic science
5066:Standard weight in fish
4834:Sphaerothecum destruens
4822:Schistocephalus solidus
4766:Lernaeocera branchialis
4612:Spring viraemia of carp
4370:Glossary of ichthyology
3932:Diel vertical migration
3177:6 February 2012 at the
3147:Deutsche Presse-Agentur
3075:11 January 2011 at the
3046:News.big5.enorth.com.cn
2905:National geographics. "
2896:Retrieved on 2011-01-08
2816:23 October 2012 at the
2711:"Harmful Algal Blooms."
2698:Investigating the Ocean
2693:1 December 2010 at the
2550:3 February 2011 at the
2414:9 November 2012 at the
1517:Included some juvenile
800:and lead to fish kill.
503:A small algae bloom on
176:Hypoxia (environmental)
5662:Turtle excluder device
5335:Shoaling and schooling
4795:Nanophyetus salmincola
4685:Clinostomum marginatum
4537:Hematopoietic necrosis
4505:Nervous necrosis virus
3736:Surface wave detection
3701:Hydrodynamic reception
3375:Diseases and parasites
3143:Monsters & Critics
3057:嘉興一水產市場2.5萬斤魚暴斃 或有人投毒.
3031:9 January 2011 at the
2835:hk.apple.nextmedia.com
2700:. Accessed 2011-01-07.
2673:3 January 2011 at the
2396:7 October 2012 at the
2365:18 August 2010 at the
2124:28 August 2011 at the
2047:11 August 2010 at the
2000:3 January 2011 at the
746:
686:
530:
516:
508:
285:
262:Diseases and parasites
197:
123:
48:
5686:Marine protected area
5560:Regional fishery body
5186:Census of Marine Life
5081:Catch per unit effort
4692:Dactylogyrus vastator
4570:Mycobacterium marinum
4499:Aeromonas salmonicida
3874:Undulatory locomotion
3691:Ampullae of Lorenzini
3081:浙江嘉兴市水产批发市场约2.5万斤鱼死亡.
2607:15 April 2016 at the
2588:14 March 2012 at the
2329:15 April 2016 at the
1961:25 April 2012 at the
1941:14 March 2011 at the
1820:Aquatic biomonitoring
1597:and other small fish
1492:red-winged blackbirds
1428:Zijin mining disaster
1188:Caused by a bloom of
835:Underwater explosions
830:Underwater explosions
740:
684:
638:Alexandrium fundyense
522:
514:
502:
275:
187:
114:
42:
5525:Minimum landing size
5485:Fisheries management
5460:Magnuson–Stevens Act
5455:Fisheries Convention
5206:Fisheries scientists
4840:Swim bladder disease
4802:Pseudorhabdosynochus
4783:Myxobolus cerebralis
4735:Gyrodactylus salaris
4660:Amoebic gill disease
4589:Pfiesteria piscicida
4543:Heterosigma akashiwo
4102:Genetically modified
3201:10.26181/16869591.v2
3195:(Report). La Trobe.
3153:on 14 September 2012
2936:4 March 2014 at the
2840:14 July 2011 at the
2809:Chinadaily.com.cn. "
2716:27 July 2011 at the
2654:28 July 2011 at the
2568:5 April 2011 at the
1879:24 July 2008 at the
1840:Mass mortality event
1783:Mostly bony herring
937:from a reservoir in
923:remove and eat fish.
588:Pfiesteria piscicida
507:near Trinity College
443:salts of aluminium.
206:atmospheric pressure
152:hydraulic fracturing
80:environmental stress
30:For other uses, see
5802:Defying Ocean's End
5706:Salmon conservation
5696:Marine conservation
5636:The End of the Line
5629:The Sunken Billions
5598:Sustainable seafood
5583:Sustainable fishery
5196:Fisheries databases
5126:Age class structure
5096:Fisheries acoustics
4742:Henneguya zschokkei
4606:Streptococcus iniae
3907:Aquatic respiration
3794:Life history theory
3051:7 July 2011 at the
2907:National Geographic
2892:8 July 2011 at the
2887:- Thanet coast life
2647:Ptychodiscus brevis
2501:1999NAJFM..19..209L
2463:6 July 2011 at the
2077:24 May 2011 at the
2066:24 May 2011 at the
1835:Harmful algal bloom
751:spawning activities
733:Spawning fatalities
694:nutrient enrichment
385:Agricultural runoff
146:discharges, oil or
140:agricultural runoff
5891:Outline of fishing
5510:Fisheries observer
5161:Aquatic ecosystems
4575:Aquarium granuloma
3746:Weberian apparatus
2998:. 3 January 2011.
2967:on 20 January 2011
2766:The Register-Guard
2744:. 11 August 2000.
2723:State of the Coast
2529:. 7 October 2010.
2200:Magnien RE (2001)
2029:4 May 2011 at the
1797:Tens of thousands
1203:West Fork, Indiana
747:
722:population density
687:
531:
517:
509:
481:used to poach fish
336:Aurantiactinomyxon
314:immune suppression
286:
198:
128:Ecological hypoxia
124:
49:
5917:
5916:
5913:
5912:
5909:
5908:
5873:Threatened sharks
5772:Ocean Conservancy
5757:Friend of the Sea
5387:
5386:
5383:
5382:
5295:Lobster fisheries
5240:Diversity of fish
5036:Shifting baseline
5005:Fisheries science
4957:
4956:
4678:Ceratomyxa shasta
4450:
4449:
4360:Fish common names
4271:
4270:
3902:Aquatic predation
3726:Capacity for pain
3455:Age determination
3286:
3285:
2865:. 13 January 2010
2811:Chinadaily.com.cn
2473:10.2112/05-0518.1
1806:
1805:
1802:Oxygen depletion
1786:Oxygen depletion
1711:, NSW, Australia
1435:Mississippi River
1340:volcanic activity
1338:May be linked to
1219:Anderson, Indiana
863:carrying capacity
775:Thermal pollution
769:Water temperature
702:Mississippi River
452:Mulberry, Florida
439:ions and complex
332:aquaculture ponds
136:thermal pollution
16:(Redirected from
5942:
5853:Marine pollution
5657:Cetacean bycatch
5652:Incidental catch
5472:
5418:
5393:
5360:Humboldt current
5218:
5136:Trophic cascades
5076:Data storage tag
5061:Fish measurement
5056:Stock assessment
5017:
5000:
4984:
4977:
4970:
4961:
4748:Ich (freshwater)
4712:Eustrongylidosis
4699:Diphyllobothrium
4564:Koi herpes virus
4549:Hole in the head
4515:Enteric redmouth
4477:
4470:
4463:
4454:
4438:
4437:
4426:
4425:
4408:
4407:
4142:
3434:
3365:Ethnoichthyology
3336:
3329:
3322:
3313:
3279:
3278:
3267:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3237:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3211:
3205:
3204:
3188:
3182:
3169:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3135:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3115:(in Norwegian).
3102:
3096:
3090:
3084:
3068:Tech-food.com. "
3066:
3060:
3042:
3036:
3022:
3016:
3015:
3009:
3007:
2986:
2980:
2979:
2974:
2972:
2951:
2945:
2929:Bloomberg.com. "
2927:
2921:
2903:
2897:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2855:
2849:
2831:
2825:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2795:. New Bern, NC.
2784:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2734:
2728:
2707:
2701:
2684:
2678:
2665:
2659:
2641:
2635:
2621:
2612:
2598:
2592:
2579:
2573:
2560:
2554:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2484:
2475:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2425:
2419:
2406:
2400:
2376:
2370:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2342:
2333:
2321:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2243:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2217:
2211:
2198:
2192:
2175:
2166:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2146:
2140:
2135:
2129:
2116:
2110:
2099:
2093:
2087:
2081:
2058:
2052:
2039:
2033:
2020:
2005:
1992:
1986:
1972:
1966:
1952:
1946:
1932:
1926:
1915:
1909:
1893:
1884:
1870:
1855:Sentinel species
1741:10+ metric tons
1647:
1616:
1583:
1540:
1530:Xiuzhou District
1509:
1482:
1448:
1420:
1389:
1381:, Kent, England
1364:
1330:
1308:Hydrogen sulfide
1298:
1271:
1236:
1212:
1183:
1165:
1133:
1094:
1067:
1036:
1012:
977:
867:industrial waste
645:Biological decay
309:Shenandoah River
234:oxygen depletion
170:Oxygen depletion
101:dissolved oxygen
89:fish age classes
55:, known also as
45:oxygen depletion
21:
5950:
5949:
5945:
5944:
5943:
5941:
5940:
5939:
5935:Water pollution
5920:
5919:
5918:
5905:
5882:
5878:Threatened rays
5858:Mercury in fish
5831:
5730:
5716:Shark sanctuary
5674:
5571:
5505:Catch reporting
5473:
5464:
5412:
5379:
5285:Krill fisheries
5250:Coral reef fish
5235:Ocean fisheries
5226:
5219:
5210:
5051:Condition index
5022:
5011:
4994:
4988:
4958:
4953:
4892:
4861:
4759:Kudoa thyrsites
4706:Cymothoa exigua
4641:
4582:Novirhabdovirus
4486:
4481:
4451:
4446:
4414:
4338:
4267:
4178:
4131:
4070:
4001:
3894:
3888:
3840:
3784:Ichthyoplankton
3750:
3682:
3675:
3671:Digital Library
3666:Teleost leptins
3605:Shark cartilage
3529:pharyngeal slit
3524:pharyngeal arch
3460:Anguilliformity
3445:
3443:
3435:
3426:
3345:
3340:
3276:
3270:External videos
3265:
3260:
3250:
3248:
3239:
3238:
3234:
3224:
3222:
3213:
3212:
3208:
3190:
3189:
3185:
3179:Wayback Machine
3170:
3166:
3156:
3154:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3122:
3120:
3104:
3103:
3099:
3091:
3087:
3077:Wayback Machine
3067:
3063:
3053:Wayback Machine
3043:
3039:
3033:Wayback Machine
3023:
3019:
3005:
3003:
2988:
2987:
2983:
2970:
2968:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2938:Wayback Machine
2928:
2924:
2914:Wayback Machine
2904:
2900:
2894:Wayback Machine
2882:
2878:
2868:
2866:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2842:Wayback Machine
2832:
2828:
2818:Wayback Machine
2808:
2804:
2786:
2785:
2781:
2771:
2769:
2758:
2757:
2753:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2718:Wayback Machine
2708:
2704:
2695:Wayback Machine
2688:"Algae Blooms."
2685:
2681:
2675:Wayback Machine
2666:
2662:
2656:Wayback Machine
2642:
2638:
2632:Wayback Machine
2622:
2615:
2609:Wayback Machine
2599:
2595:
2590:Wayback Machine
2580:
2576:
2570:Wayback Machine
2561:
2557:
2542:
2538:
2521:
2520:
2516:
2486:
2485:
2478:
2465:Wayback Machine
2452:
2448:
2438:
2436:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2416:Wayback Machine
2407:
2403:
2398:Wayback Machine
2386:Wayback Machine
2377:
2373:
2367:Wayback Machine
2358:
2354:
2344:
2343:
2336:
2331:Wayback Machine
2322:
2318:
2308:
2306:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2282:
2280:
2271:
2270:
2266:
2256:
2254:
2245:
2244:
2240:
2230:
2228:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2199:
2195:
2186:Wayback Machine
2176:
2169:
2164:
2160:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2136:
2132:
2126:Wayback Machine
2117:
2113:
2100:
2096:
2088:
2084:
2079:Wayback Machine
2068:Wayback Machine
2059:
2055:
2049:Wayback Machine
2040:
2036:
2031:Wayback Machine
2021:
2008:
2002:Wayback Machine
1993:
1989:
1983:Wayback Machine
1973:
1969:
1963:Wayback Machine
1953:
1949:
1943:Wayback Machine
1933:
1929:
1916:
1912:
1904:Wayback Machine
1894:
1887:
1881:Wayback Machine
1871:
1867:
1863:
1811:
1694:40 metric tons
1646:500 metric tons
1645:
1615:750 metric tons
1614:
1581:
1538:
1507:
1486:freshwater drum
1480:
1473:Ozark, Arkansas
1446:
1418:
1387:
1362:
1328:
1310:smell reported
1296:
1269:
1234:
1210:
1181:
1163:
1131:
1092:
1065:
1034:
1010:
980:Event/Location
972:
951:
909:Small fish and
893:
855:
847:seismic testing
832:
777:
771:
759:Atlantic salmon
735:
679:
647:
581:ambush predator
541:
497:
459:bourbon whiskey
401:hazardous waste
397:chemical spills
382:
376:Cyanide fishing
368:
329:channel catfish
282:viral infection
270:
264:
246:bicarbonate ion
230:supersaturation
188:Dead and dying
182:
180:Hypoxia in fish
172:
148:hazardous waste
109:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5948:
5946:
5938:
5937:
5932:
5922:
5921:
5915:
5914:
5911:
5910:
5907:
5906:
5904:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5887:
5884:
5883:
5881:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5848:Fish slaughter
5845:
5839:
5837:
5836:Related issues
5833:
5832:
5830:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5777:Ocean Outcomes
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5738:
5736:
5732:
5731:
5729:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5691:Marine reserve
5688:
5682:
5680:
5676:
5675:
5673:
5672:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5632:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5579:
5577:
5576:Sustainability
5573:
5572:
5570:
5569:
5568:
5567:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5481:
5479:
5475:
5474:
5467:
5465:
5463:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5451:
5450:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5424:
5422:
5414:
5413:
5406:sustainability
5396:
5389:
5388:
5385:
5384:
5381:
5380:
5378:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5340:Marine habitat
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5300:Shrimp fishery
5297:
5292:
5290:Kelp fisheries
5287:
5282:
5277:
5275:Crab fisheries
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5231:
5229:
5221:
5220:
5213:
5211:
5209:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5156:Marine biology
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5106:Coded wire tag
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5046:Fish mortality
5043:
5038:
5033:
5027:
5025:
5013:
5012:
5009:wild fisheries
5003:
4996:
4995:
4993:science topics
4989:
4987:
4986:
4979:
4972:
4964:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4929:Marine viruses
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4900:
4898:
4897:Related topics
4894:
4893:
4891:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4869:
4867:
4863:
4862:
4860:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4842:
4837:
4830:
4825:
4818:
4811:
4806:
4798:
4791:
4786:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4762:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4738:
4731:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4702:
4695:
4688:
4681:
4674:
4669:
4662:
4657:
4649:
4647:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4617:Taura syndrome
4614:
4609:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4585:
4578:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4539:
4534:
4531:Flavobacterium
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4494:
4492:
4488:
4487:
4482:
4480:
4479:
4472:
4465:
4457:
4448:
4447:
4445:
4444:
4432:
4419:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4412:
4402:
4397:
4396:
4395:
4390:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4346:
4344:
4340:
4339:
4337:
4336:
4335:
4334:
4329:
4319:
4318:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4297:
4296:
4295:
4290:
4279:
4277:
4273:
4272:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4265:
4264:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4243:
4242:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4216:
4215:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4188:
4186:
4184:Wild fisheries
4180:
4179:
4177:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4150:
4148:
4139:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4107:Hallucinogenic
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4078:
4076:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4012:
4010:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3982:Schooling fish
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3942:Filter feeders
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3917:Bottom feeders
3914:
3909:
3904:
3898:
3896:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3850:
3848:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3837:
3836:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3760:
3758:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3687:
3685:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3662:
3661:
3656:
3646:
3645:
3644:
3639:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3618:
3617:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3586:
3585:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3563:Leydig's organ
3560:
3559:
3558:
3556:pharyngeal jaw
3553:
3543:
3538:
3537:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3509:branchial arch
3501:
3500:
3499:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3478:
3477:
3472:
3462:
3457:
3451:
3449:
3437:
3436:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3398:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3356:
3354:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3331:
3324:
3316:
3310:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3284:
3283:
3272:
3271:
3264:
3263:External links
3261:
3259:
3258:
3246:amp.abc.net.au
3232:
3206:
3183:
3164:
3130:
3097:
3085:
3061:
3037:
3035:Press release.
3017:
2981:
2946:
2922:
2898:
2876:
2850:
2846:廣州流溪河污染 魚屍數萬條.
2826:
2802:
2779:
2751:
2729:
2702:
2679:
2660:
2636:
2613:
2593:
2574:
2555:
2536:
2514:
2476:
2446:
2420:
2401:
2371:
2352:
2334:
2316:
2299:"Red Tide FAQ"
2290:
2264:
2238:
2212:
2193:
2167:
2158:
2141:
2130:
2111:
2094:
2082:
2053:
2034:
2006:
1987:
1967:
1947:
1927:
1910:
1885:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1830:Fish-kill tree
1827:
1822:
1817:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1765:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1709:Menindee Lakes
1705:
1704:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1657:
1656:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1640:
1633:
1632:
1626:
1617:
1612:
1609:
1602:
1601:
1598:
1584:
1579:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1562:
1541:
1536:
1533:
1523:
1522:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1502:
1500:Chesapeake Bay
1496:
1495:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1475:
1469:Arkansas River
1465:
1464:
1462:
1449:
1444:
1441:
1431:
1430:
1424:
1422:
1416:
1413:
1403:
1402:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1382:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1357:
1347:
1346:
1336:
1331:
1329:50 metric tons
1326:
1323:
1322:, Philippines
1312:
1311:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1291:
1289:North Carolina
1281:
1280:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1250:
1237:
1232:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1215:
1213:
1208:
1205:
1195:
1194:
1191:Karenia brevis
1186:
1184:
1179:
1176:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1161:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1144:
1141:striped mullet
1134:
1129:
1126:
1124:Gulf of Mexico
1120:
1119:
1104:
1095:
1090:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1068:
1063:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1046:
1037:
1032:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1015:
1013:
1008:
1005:
1002:Corpus Christi
998:Gulf of Mexico
994:
993:
990:
987:
984:
981:
971:
970:Notable events
968:
950:
947:
931:
930:
927:
924:
914:
907:
904:
892:
889:
854:
851:
831:
828:
794:layers can mix
773:Main article:
770:
767:
763:Sockeye salmon
734:
731:
717:eutrophication
710:Gulf of Mexico
678:
675:
663:Sangamon River
659:organic matter
655:microorganisms
646:
643:
633:dinoflagellate
624:Gulf of Mexico
619:Karenia brevis
584:dinoflagellate
528:Gulf of Mexico
496:
493:
463:Kentucky River
393:surface runoff
367:
364:
363:
362:
359:
356:
353:
349:
346:
263:
260:
238:photosynthetic
212:(35 mg/L
171:
168:
117:eutrophication
108:
105:
85:drinking water
65:overpopulation
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5947:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5927:
5925:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5888:
5885:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5868:Shark finning
5866:
5864:
5863:Shark culling
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5840:
5838:
5834:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5792:Sea Around Us
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5767:Seafood Watch
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5739:
5737:
5733:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5683:
5681:
5677:
5671:
5669:
5668:Shrimp-Turtle
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5637:
5633:
5631:
5630:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5580:
5578:
5574:
5566:
5563:
5562:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5530:Pulse fishing
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5482:
5480:
5476:
5471:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5449:
5446:
5445:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5428:Fisheries law
5426:
5425:
5423:
5419:
5415:
5411:
5407:
5403:
5399:
5398:Fisheries law
5394:
5390:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5280:Eel fisheries
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5270:Cod fisheries
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5255:Demersal fish
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5232:
5230:
5228:
5222:
5217:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5131:Trophic level
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5028:
5026:
5024:
5018:
5014:
5010:
5006:
5001:
4997:
4992:
4985:
4980:
4978:
4973:
4971:
4966:
4965:
4962:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4901:
4899:
4895:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4870:
4868:
4864:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4847:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4835:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4823:
4819:
4817:
4816:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4804:
4803:
4799:
4797:
4796:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4784:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4772:Microsporidia
4770:
4768:
4767:
4763:
4761:
4760:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4743:
4739:
4737:
4736:
4732:
4730:
4729:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4707:
4703:
4701:
4700:
4696:
4694:
4693:
4689:
4687:
4686:
4682:
4680:
4679:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4667:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4655:
4651:
4650:
4648:
4644:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4607:
4603:
4601:
4600:Salmon anemia
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4590:
4586:
4584:
4583:
4579:
4576:
4572:
4571:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4544:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4532:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4500:
4496:
4495:
4493:
4489:
4485:
4478:
4473:
4471:
4466:
4464:
4459:
4458:
4455:
4443:
4442:
4433:
4431:
4430:
4421:
4420:
4417:
4411:
4410:more lists...
4403:
4401:
4398:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4385:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4365:Fish families
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4350:Aquarium life
4348:
4347:
4345:
4341:
4333:
4332:fleshy-finned
4330:
4328:
4325:
4324:
4323:
4320:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4302:
4301:
4300:Cartilaginous
4298:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4285:
4284:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4274:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4248:
4247:
4244:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4221:
4220:
4217:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4193:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4185:
4181:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4151:
4149:
4147:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4134:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4073:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4009:
4004:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3937:Electric fish
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3891:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3847:
3843:
3835:
3832:
3831:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3757:
3753:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3684:
3678:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3650:
3647:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3568:Mauthner cell
3566:
3564:
3561:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3505:
3502:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3487:Chromatophore
3485:
3483:
3480:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3448:
3442:
3438:
3433:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3353:
3348:
3344:
3337:
3332:
3330:
3325:
3323:
3318:
3317:
3314:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3288:
3287:
3282:
3273:
3268:
3262:
3247:
3243:
3236:
3233:
3221:
3217:
3210:
3207:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3187:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3173:
3168:
3165:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3134:
3131:
3118:
3114:
3113:
3108:
3101:
3098:
3094:
3089:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3071:
3070:Tech-food.com
3065:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3047:
3041:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3027:
3021:
3018:
3014:
3001:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2985:
2982:
2978:
2966:
2962:
2961:
2956:
2950:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2931:Bloomberg.com
2926:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2908:
2902:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2880:
2877:
2864:
2860:
2854:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2836:
2830:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2812:
2806:
2803:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2783:
2780:
2768:
2767:
2762:
2755:
2752:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2733:
2730:
2726:
2724:
2719:
2715:
2712:
2706:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2692:
2689:
2683:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2669:
2664:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2640:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2626:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2603:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2587:
2584:
2578:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2564:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2549:
2546:
2540:
2537:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2518:
2515:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2450:
2447:
2434:
2430:
2424:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2410:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2395:
2392:
2387:
2383:
2380:
2375:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2361:
2356:
2353:
2348:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2332:
2328:
2325:
2320:
2317:
2304:
2300:
2294:
2291:
2278:
2274:
2268:
2265:
2252:
2248:
2242:
2239:
2226:
2222:
2216:
2213:
2210:(10):843-852.
2209:
2206:
2203:
2197:
2194:
2190:
2187:
2183:
2180:
2174:
2172:
2168:
2162:
2159:
2154:
2153:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2134:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2120:
2115:
2112:
2108:
2107:1-57504-006-9
2104:
2098:
2095:
2091:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2076:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2062:
2057:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2043:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2028:
2025:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1991:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1977:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1957:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1931:
1928:
1924:
1923:0-8138-0697-6
1920:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1901:
1898:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1875:
1869:
1866:
1860:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1845:Paramoebiasis
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1703:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:several tons
1672:
1669:
1666:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1637:Lingayen Gulf
1635:
1634:
1631:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1618:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1599:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1585:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1542:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1514:
1513:spot croakers
1511:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1450:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1425:
1423:
1419:>1,000,000
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1351:Liuxihe River
1349:
1348:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1262:Klamath River
1260:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1238:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1214:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1185:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1167:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1138:
1137:Gulf menhaden
1135:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1096:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1069:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1048:Discharge of
1047:
1045:
1041:
1038:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1014:
1009:
1006:
1003:
999:
996:
995:
991:
988:
985:
982:
979:
978:
975:
969:
967:
965:
959:
957:
948:
946:
944:
940:
936:
928:
925:
922:
918:
915:
912:
908:
905:
902:
898:
897:
896:
890:
888:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
868:
864:
858:
852:
850:
848:
844:
843:blast fishing
840:
839:swim bladders
836:
829:
827:
825:
820:
818:
813:
811:
807:
801:
799:
795:
789:
787:
783:
776:
768:
766:
764:
760:
756:
752:
744:
739:
732:
730:
726:
723:
718:
713:
711:
707:
703:
699:
698:phytoplankton
695:
692:
691:anthropogenic
683:
676:
674:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
644:
642:
640:
639:
634:
630:
629:Gulf of Maine
625:
621:
620:
615:
611:
609:
605:
601:
597:
594:
590:
589:
585:
582:
577:
575:
570:
569:decomposition
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
540:
536:
529:
525:
521:
513:
506:
501:
494:
492:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
472:
468:
464:
460:
455:
453:
449:
444:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
417:
412:
411:
410:Aphanizomenon
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
381:
377:
373:
365:
360:
357:
354:
350:
347:
344:
343:
342:
339:
337:
333:
330:
326:
322:
317:
315:
310:
305:
303:
299:
295:
291:
283:
279:
276:This pond in
274:
269:
261:
259:
257:
254:
249:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
217:
215:
211:
207:
203:
195:
191:
190:European carp
186:
181:
177:
169:
167:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
122:
118:
113:
106:
104:
102:
98:
94:
93:juvenile fish
90:
86:
81:
76:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
46:
41:
37:
33:
19:
5679:Conservation
5667:
5634:
5627:
5410:conservation
5374:
5365:Algal blooms
5350:Water column
5265:Pelagic fish
5245:Coastal fish
5191:OSTM/Jason-2
5166:Bioeconomics
5101:Acoustic tag
5071:Fish counter
4923:
4844:
4832:
4820:
4813:
4800:
4793:
4781:
4764:
4757:
4753:Ich (marine)
4740:
4733:
4726:
4704:
4697:
4690:
4683:
4676:
4664:
4652:
4604:
4587:
4580:
4568:
4541:
4529:
4497:
4439:
4427:
4327:spiny-finned
4276:Major groups
3997:Intelligence
3977:Scale eaters
3922:Cleaner fish
3804:Mouthbrooder
3756:Reproduction
3731:Schreckstoff
3716:Lateral line
3632:Swim bladder
3622:Spiral valve
3551:hyomandibula
3534:pseudobranch
3417:Hypoxia in -
3411:
3291:
3249:. Retrieved
3245:
3235:
3223:. Retrieved
3220:www.csiro.au
3219:
3209:
3186:
3167:
3155:. Retrieved
3151:the original
3142:
3133:
3121:. Retrieved
3110:
3100:
3088:
3080:
3064:
3056:
3040:
3020:
3011:
3004:. Retrieved
2993:
2984:
2976:
2969:. Retrieved
2965:the original
2958:
2949:
2941:
2925:
2917:
2901:
2884:
2879:
2867:. Retrieved
2862:
2853:
2845:
2829:
2821:
2805:
2792:
2782:
2770:. Retrieved
2764:
2754:
2741:
2732:
2720:
2705:
2697:
2682:
2663:
2646:
2639:
2596:
2577:
2558:
2539:
2526:
2517:
2492:
2488:
2449:
2437:. Retrieved
2432:
2423:
2404:
2374:
2355:
2346:
2319:
2307:. Retrieved
2293:
2281:. Retrieved
2267:
2255:. Retrieved
2241:
2229:. Retrieved
2215:
2207:
2204:
2196:
2188:
2161:
2151:
2144:
2133:
2114:
2097:
2085:
2056:
2037:
1990:
1970:
1950:
1930:
1913:
1906:
1897:"Fish kill."
1868:
1815:Aflockalypse
1426:Part of the
1189:
1175:Texas coast
1116:River Llynfi
1106:Spillage of
1085:River Ogmore
973:
960:
952:
932:
894:
887:facilities.
873:Overstocking
871:
859:
856:
833:
821:
814:
802:
798:water column
790:
782:Delaware Bay
778:
748:
727:
714:
688:
648:
636:
617:
612:
586:
578:
542:
475:
467:Lawrenceburg
456:
445:
420:
414:
408:
383:
340:
335:
321:fish farming
318:
306:
287:
253:tip/landfill
250:
218:
199:
154:wastewater,
132:algae blooms
125:
121:benthic life
77:
57:fish die-off
56:
52:
50:
36:
5603:Overfishing
5515:Catch share
5345:Marine snow
5330:Sardine run
5315:Fish screen
5310:Fish ladder
5260:Forage fish
4866:Fish groups
4815:Saprolegnia
4809:Salmon lice
4654:Abergasilus
4525:Fish dropsy
4441:WikiProject
4400:Prehistoric
4384:Threatened
4075:Other types
3972:Sardine run
3947:Forage fish
3927:Corallivory
3779:Development
3764:Bubble nest
3637:physoclisti
3627:Suckermouth
3600:Root effect
3422:Ichthyology
2793:Sun Journal
2625:"Red Tide."
2458:read online
2070:; see also
2024:read online
1794:2023 06 13
1777:2023 03 17
1691:2012 01 15
1670:2011 12 31
1642:2011 05 30
1611:2011 05 29
1568:east died.
1556:silver carp
1535:2011 01 06
1399:hypothermia
1393:velvet crab
1377:Beaches at
1359:2008 09 09
1325:2008 01 05
1285:Neuse River
1256:into river
1199:White River
1156:Rhine River
1058:River Neath
1027:River Aeron
885:aquaculture
725:reproduce.
610:increases.
608:land runoff
596:forage fish
545:algae bloom
535:Algae bloom
421:Microcystis
372:Fish toxins
194:Lake Albert
61:algae bloom
5924:Categories
5827:Greenpeace
5535:Slot limit
5478:Management
5402:management
5370:Dead zones
5325:Salmon run
5305:Eel ladder
5201:Institutes
5041:Fish stock
4909:Brevetoxin
4789:Myxosporea
4637:Yellowhead
4632:White spot
4510:Columnaris
4056:Groundfish
4051:Freshwater
4046:Euryhaline
4031:Coral reef
3967:Salmon run
3957:Paedophagy
3859:Amphibious
3846:Locomotion
3654:pharyngeal
3642:physostome
3595:Photophore
3541:Glossohyal
3514:gill raker
3497:dorsal fin
3447:physiology
2869:10 January
2205:BioScience
1861:References
1717:1,000,000
1700:Caused by
1630:fish farms
1560:grass carp
1407:Ting River
1344:fish farms
1342:and large
1182:21,000,000
1178:1997–1998
1146:Caused by
1132:22,000,000
1112:paper mill
1017:Caused by
1011:22,000,000
921:scavengers
891:Estimation
810:Nile River
689:Excessive
671:mudpuppies
604:neurotoxin
574:fish ponds
533:See also:
370:See also:
302:protozoans
278:New Forest
266:See also:
244:rhythm as
174:See also:
164:explosions
156:sea-quakes
18:Fish kills
5930:Fish kill
5797:WorldFish
5762:SeaChoice
5375:Fish kill
5355:Upwelling
5320:Migration
5227:fisheries
5021:Fisheries
4944:Saxitoxin
4924:Fish kill
4914:Ciguatera
4828:Sea louse
4777:Monogenea
4672:Carp lice
4646:Parasites
4491:Pathogens
4305:chimaeras
4192:Predatory
4169:Salmonids
4127:Whitefish
4117:Poisonous
4092:Diversity
4026:Coldwater
3962:Predatory
3952:Migratory
3912:Bait ball
3895:behaviour
3814:Pregnancy
3809:Polyandry
3583:papillare
3578:Operculum
3573:Meristics
3519:gill slit
3482:Cleithrum
3412:Fish kill
3402:Fear of -
3395:- as food
3385:Fisheries
3370:Evolution
3360:Diversity
3157:2 January
3123:2 January
3112:Dagbladet
3093:msnbc.com
3006:4 January
2971:7 January
2309:23 August
2283:23 August
2257:23 August
2231:23 August
1825:Bird kill
1780:Millions
1744:various:
1667:, Norway
1661:Nordreisa
1606:Taal Lake
1587:anchovies
1508:2,000,000
1354:Guangzhou
1316:Taal Lake
1297:1,900,000
1211:4,800,000
917:Predators
817:spot fish
786:Louisiana
706:turbidity
635:known as
600:zoospores
505:River Cam
461:into the
450:plant in
448:phosphate
441:polymeric
425:pesticide
325:parasites
222:eutrophic
210:sea water
202:diffusion
53:fish kill
51:The term
5807:HERMIONE
5735:Advocacy
5647:Discards
5181:FishBase
5171:EconMult
5121:EcoSCOPE
4666:Anisakis
4429:Category
4380:Smallest
4293:lampreys
4256:flatfish
4246:Demersal
4202:mackerel
4197:billfish
4137:Commerce
4066:Tropical
4041:Demersal
4036:Deep-sea
3992:Venomous
3884:RoboTuna
3834:triggers
3829:Spawning
3789:Juvenile
3774:Egg case
3407:FishBase
3225:10 April
3175:Archived
3117:Archived
3073:Archived
3049:Archived
3029:Archived
3000:Archived
2960:CBS News
2934:Archived
2910:Archived
2890:Archived
2863:BBC News
2838:Archived
2814:Archived
2797:Archived
2746:Archived
2742:BBC News
2714:Archived
2691:Archived
2671:Archived
2652:Archived
2628:Archived
2605:Archived
2586:Archived
2566:Archived
2548:Archived
2531:Archived
2527:BBC News
2461:Archived
2433:TF1 INFO
2412:Archived
2394:Archived
2382:Archived
2363:Archived
2327:Archived
2303:Archived
2277:Archived
2251:Archived
2225:Archived
2182:Archived
2122:Archived
2075:Archived
2064:Archived
2045:Archived
2027:Archived
1998:Archived
1979:Archived
1959:Archived
1939:Archived
1925:, p. 316
1900:Archived
1877:Archived
1850:Roadkill
1809:See also
1714:2018 12
1697:Various
1651:Milkfish
1624:milkfish
1595:sardines
1591:mackerel
1582:millions
1578:2011 03
1519:croakers
1504:2011 01
1477:2010 12
1460:flounder
1443:2010 09
1415:2010 07
1384:2010 01
1372:Unknown
1302:menhaden
1293:2004 09
1266:2002 09
1231:2000 07
1160:1986 01
1148:red tide
1050:creamery
1019:red tide
992:Remarks
989:Species
956:aeration
943:spawning
881:aquarium
761:and the
651:decaying
614:Red tide
593:shoaling
539:Red tide
524:Red tide
485:Chlorine
471:microbes
433:buffered
416:Anabaena
405:toxicity
294:bacteria
256:leachate
214:salinity
160:poaching
150:spills,
97:toxicity
73:Toxicity
32:Fishkill
5843:CalCOFI
5812:PROFISH
5742:FishAct
5642:Bycatch
5176:Ecopath
5091:Biomass
5023:science
4991:Fishery
4520:Fin rot
4375:Largest
4288:hagfish
4283:Jawless
4261:pollock
4234:sardine
4229:herring
4224:anchovy
4174:Tilapia
4164:Octopus
4159:Catfish
4146:Farming
4061:Pelagic
4021:Coastal
4008:habitat
3864:Walking
3769:Clasper
3721:Otolith
3683:systems
3681:Sensory
3615:ganoine
3590:Papilla
3441:Anatomy
3380:Fishing
3251:13 July
3214:CSIRO.
2725:Report.
2721:NOAA's
2497:Bibcode
2439:19 June
1764:, etc.
1754:gudgeon
1750:catfish
1732:river,
1686:Guangxi
1677:herring
1620:Tilapia
1539:250,000
1527:Jiaxing
1481:100,000
1452:redfish
1447:100,000
1334:tilapia
1235:100,000
1164:500,000
1114:on the
1110:from a
939:Hungary
806:tilapia
700:in the
667:mussels
477:Cyanide
437:calcium
427:called
352:oxygen)
290:viruses
226:diurnal
5782:Oceana
5545:EU MLS
4857:Xenoma
4852:Velvet
4728:Glugea
4722:Flukes
4393:sharks
4310:sharks
4239:sprats
4219:Forage
4207:salmon
4087:Coarse
3869:Flying
3741:Vision
3696:Barbel
3610:Scales
3470:dermal
3350:About
2772:25 May
2109:p. 278
2105:
1921:
1746:zander
1734:Poland
1552:murrel
1410:Fujian
1388:20,000
1379:Thanet
1363:10,000
1275:salmon
1270:70,000
1240:salmon
1108:Kymene
1098:salmon
1093:50,000
1071:salmon
1066:50,000
1040:salmon
1035:10,000
986:Count
935:sludge
901:turbid
743:salmon
565:toxins
561:runoff
429:endrin
389:sewage
378:, and
366:Toxins
144:sewage
107:Causes
4355:Blind
4343:Lists
4122:Rough
3987:Sleep
3893:Other
3659:shark
3649:Teeth
1758:loach
1738:2022
1665:Troms
1544:bream
1456:trout
1320:Luzon
1248:perch
1244:trout
1207:1999
1128:1986
1102:trout
1089:1979
1075:trout
1062:1976
1044:trout
1031:1974
1007:1935
983:Date
877:spawn
824:Texas
549:algae
465:near
298:fungi
5670:case
5408:and
5225:Wild
5007:and
4805:spp.
4388:rays
4322:Bony
4315:rays
4212:tuna
4154:Carp
4112:Oily
4097:Game
4082:Bait
4016:Cave
3799:Milt
3504:Gill
3492:Fins
3465:Bone
3352:fish
3343:Fish
3296:NASA
3253:2023
3240:AP.
3227:2023
3159:2012
3125:2012
3008:2011
2973:2011
2871:2011
2774:2011
2441:2023
2311:2009
2285:2009
2259:2009
2233:2009
2103:ISBN
1919:ISBN
1762:chub
1730:Oder
1548:carp
1368:carp
1254:whey
919:and
755:milt
669:and
553:scum
537:and
489:Lime
419:and
399:and
296:and
178:and
5421:Law
4627:VHS
4622:UDN
4251:cod
4006:By
3819:Roe
3546:Jaw
3444:and
3197:doi
3079:."
3055:."
2995:CNN
2940:."
2916:."
2844:."
2820:."
2649:)."
2505:doi
2469:doi
911:fry
551:or
543:An
319:In
192:in
5926::
5404:,
5400:,
3244:.
3218:.
3145:.
3141:.
3010:.
2992:.
2975:.
2957:.
2861:.
2791:.
2763:.
2740:.
2616:^
2525:.
2503:.
2493:19
2491:.
2479:^
2431:.
2337:^
2208:51
2170:^
2009:^
1888:^
1760:,
1756:,
1752:,
1748:,
1663:,
1622:,
1593:,
1589:,
1558:,
1554:,
1550:,
1546:,
1471:;
1458:,
1454:,
1437:;
1401:.
1318:,
1287:,
1246:,
1242:,
1201:;
1150:.
1139:,
1100:,
1073:,
1042:,
1004:)
741:A
673:.
413:,
395:,
391:,
387:,
374:,
316:.
292:,
242:pH
142:,
63:,
4983:e
4976:t
4969:v
4577:)
4573:(
4476:e
4469:t
4462:v
3335:e
3328:t
3321:v
3255:.
3229:.
3203:.
3199::
3161:.
3127:.
2873:.
2776:.
2511:.
2507::
2499::
2471::
2443:.
2313:.
2287:.
2261:.
2235:.
2191:.
2092:.
1945:,
1000:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
