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invasion of the Great Lakes occurred after the United States passed a regulation requiring ships exchange freshwater ballast water with ocean water to kill off potential invaders. This means that either the resting eggs remain viable even after boats switch out their ballast water in the ocean or the
387:’s wide tolerance levels and ability to reproduce both sexually and asexually makes it a very successful invader. Asexual reproduction allows for rapid population growth, and then resting eggs which are produced sexually can stick to boats and fishing gear and dispersed into new bodies of water.
332:, being able to tolerate a wide range of temperature and salinity. It is a pelagic species, found in a higher abundance further from the shore and from the bottom. It is a generalist feeder which preys on various species in both micro- and mesozooplankton (i.e.
599:
Rivier I. K 1998. The predatory
Cladocera (Onychopoda: Podonidae, Polyphemidae, Cercopagidae) and Leptodorida of the World. Guides to the Identification of the Micro-Invertebrates of the Continental Waters of the World, Backhuys Publishing, Leiden 13: 213
589:
Pichlová-PtáčnĂková, R., & Vanderploeg, H. A. (2009). The invasive cladoceran
Cercopagis pengoi is a generalist predator capable of feeding on a variety of prey species of different sizes and escape abilities. Archiv FĂĽr Hydrobiologie,173(4), 267-279.
447:
spread can be limited by only releasing bait or bait water into the water body where the bait was originally collected. Boat owners should wash their boats and equipment with high pressure and hot water (above 40 °C) to limit the spread of adult
418:
have a long spine which deters planktivorous fish from consuming them. These factors cause disruption in the lower trophic levels of the Great Lakes food web which can eventually trickle up the food chain to cause problems with fish stock through a
344:). The size of prey ranges from its own body size to seventeen times smaller. Prey is captured using thoracopods I, then retained by thoracopods II-IV, and crushed by its cuticle by mandibles, finally C. pengoi sucks the prey body contents.
633:
Antsulevich, A., & Välipakka, P. (2000). Cercopagis pengoi — New
Important Food Object of the Baltic Herring in the Gulf of Finland. International Review of Hydrobiology,85, 609-619. doi:10.1002/1522-2632(200011)85:5/63.3.co;2-j
382:
of New York (Canandaigua, Cayuga, Keuka, Cross, Otisco, Owasco, and Seneca lakes, and the NYCDEP Pepacton
Reservoir (2024). The species is transported in the live wells, bait water, and ropes of recreational fishing and boating.
993:
269:
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that can over-winter and repopulate the lake quickly in the spring. Resting eggs can withstand desiccation (extreme dryness), freeze-drying, and ingestion by fish.
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and smaller fishes. On the other hand, it has provided a new food source for planktivorous fishes. It is also a nuisance to fisheries as it tends to clog
983:
779:
435:. Containing the spread to new areas is the only form of management. Stricter ballast water regulations and awareness would prevent the spread. The
844:
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988:
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Ricciardi, A., and H. J. MacIsaac. 2000. Recent mass invasion of the North
American Great Lakes by Ponto-Caspian species . TREE vol. 15, no. 2
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body is 1–3 mm, but with the tail included they range from 6–13 mm. The size varies with location, the largest are found in the
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313:(average size 1.4 mm). The English name refers to the three pairs of barbs and a characteristic loop at the end of the tail.
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U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA). 2008. EPA Monitoring Data. EPA Great Lakes National Program Office. Available
612:
Crosier, D. M., and D. P.Molloy. UNDATED. Cercopagis pengoi - Fishhook
Waterflea. Aquatic Nuisance Species Research Program.
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452:. Alternatively boats and equipment should be allowed to dry for at least five days before moving to another body of water.
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378:. It has been documented in Lake Ontario (1998), Lake Erie (2002), Lake Huron (2002), Lake Michigan (1999), the
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to the Great Lakes of North
America and a number of adjacent lakes, and has become a pest classified among
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during the summer, which produces a quick rise in population. When conditions are inhospitable,
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Global
Invasive Species Database (2018) Species profile: Cercopagis pengoi. Downloaded from
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552:: U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL,
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to some freshwater waterways and reservoirs of
Eastern Europe and to the brackish
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Benson, A., E. Maynard, D. Raikow, J. Larson, T.H. Makled, and A. Fusaro,2018,
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http://www.epa.gov/grtlakes/monitoring/biology/exotics/cercopagis.html
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There is no known method of eradication or control for invasive
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https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/factsheet.aspx?SpeciesID=163
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required ballast water regulations are not being followed.
661:
406:directly competes with native zooplanktivores like
556:, Revision Date: 6/4/2013, Access Date: 3/28/2018
402:, implying that it has become a new food source.
309:(average body size 2.0 mm) and smallest in
578:http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/species.php?sc=118
528:. NOBANIS – Invasive Alien Species Fact Sheet.
248:that is native in the brackish fringes of the
8:
355:will undergo sexual reproduction, producing
270:the 100 worst invasive species of the world
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282:cladoceran and thus a competitor to other
42:
31:
503:100 of the World's Worst Invasive Species
994:Invasive animal species in North America
256:. In recent decades it has spread as an
979:Freshwater crustaceans of North America
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478:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
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390:In the Baltic and in the Great Lakes,
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772:5bfda5e9-5890-458c-9b07-abc1eaa6c2cd
590:doi:10.1127/1863-9135/2009/0173-0267
27:Species of small freshwater animal
25:
984:Freshwater crustaceans of Europe
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374:in ship ballast water from the
264:. Further it was introduced in
347:Fishhook waterfleas reproduce
1:
989:Crustaceans described in 1891
370:was brought to the American
220:Cercopagis (Apagis) ossiani
55:(above, total length 10 mm)
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69:Scientific classification
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34:
524:October 9, 2010, at the
398:are reported to prey on
204:(Ostroumov, 1891)
60:Bythotrephes longimanus
515:Birnbaum, C. (2006):
767:Fauna Europaea (new)
505:. November 28, 2006.
427:Control strategies
293:and fishing gear.
238:, is a species of
236:fishhook waterflea
18:Fishhook waterflea
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960:
920:Open Tree of Life
693:Cercopagis pengoi
663:Cercopagis pengoi
655:Taxon identifiers
550:Cercopagis pengoi
518:Cercopagis pengoi
497:Cercopagis pengoi
472:Cercopagis pengoi
433:Cercopagis pengoi
368:Cercopagis pengoi
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132:Superorder:
116:Branchiopoda
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933:SeaLifeBase
868:NatureServe
806:iNaturalist
687:Wikispecies
372:Great Lakes
334:cladocerans
326:eurythermal
297:Description
254:Caspian Sea
246:crustaceans
136:Diplostraca
968:Categories
456:References
330:euryhaline
307:Baltic Sea
262:Baltic Sea
243:cladoceran
240:planktonic
167:Cercopagis
146:Onychopoda
126:Phyllopoda
122:Subclass:
106:Arthropoda
974:Cladocera
450:C. pengoi
445:C. pengoi
437:C. pengoi
416:C. pengoi
404:C. pengoi
400:C. pengoi
394:fish and
385:C. pengoi
376:Black Sea
353:C. pengoi
349:asexually
280:predatory
250:Black Sea
234:, or the
174:Species:
92:Kingdom:
86:Eukaryota
873:2.789874
824:11217973
678:Q2709805
672:Wikidata
522:Archived
443:Locally
342:rotifers
338:copepods
252:and the
211:Synonyms
152:Family:
102:Phylum:
96:Animalia
82:Domain:
63:(below)
785:2234642
720:1041342
408:alewife
317:Ecology
162:Genus:
142:Order:
112:Class:
951:234025
925:613791
912:234025
899:141397
850:684625
811:199401
759:237247
746:257992
733:CCPGPE
396:mysids
946:WoRMS
938:84321
857:NAS:
837:89859
819:IRMNG
741:EUNIS
707:19389
278:is a
907:OBIS
894:NCBI
845:ITIS
793:GISD
780:GBIF
728:EPPO
702:BOLD
410:and
328:and
291:nets
57:and
881:NBN
860:163
832:ISC
798:118
715:EoL
600:pp.
324:is
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