304:
623:
372:. Responding to the influence and pressure of European countries in the 19th century, the Empire began taking steps to curtail the slave trade, which had been legally valid under Ottoman law since the beginning of the empire. One of the important campaigns against Ottoman slavery and slave trade was conducted in the Caucasus by the Russian authorities.
390:(1821–1829). The Ottoman Empire practiced the Islamic Law, which allowed Muslims to enslave war captives. During the Greek War of Independence, many Greek men, women and children had been captured and sold as slaves in Ottoman slave markets. One such incident was the
385:
declared "white slaves" of the Empire to be manumitted. Technically, the decree applied to people who had been
Christian at the time of their capture and enslavement, and in practice, it was enforced for the Greeks who had been enslaved during the recent
593:
37:
333:
in 1830. It declared the official liberation of
Christian slaves of the Ottoman Empire. In practice it concerned the liberation of the Greek war captives wich had been enslaved during the
30:
547:
537:
405:
In 1846-1847, the open slave market in
Constantinople was closed. The sale of slaves in the Ottoman capital was then moved indoors and no longer visible for foreign wittnesses.
608:
289:
23:
345:
67:
506:
402:
The Firman of 1830 was in practice used to liberate Greek war captives, whose fate had disturbed the relationship between the
Ottoman Empire and Western powers.
341:
102:
707:
368:
The Firman was issued in a time period when the
Ottoman Empire was subjected to a growing diplomatic pressure from the West to suppress slave trade and
279:
192:
687:
408:
The interest in the West against the enslavement of "white slaves" in the
Ottoman Empire continued. The attention grew around the issue of the
567:
430:
340:
It was one of the reforms representing the process of official abolition of slavery in the
Ottoman Empire, including the Firman of 1830, the
82:
662:
499:
456:
The
Palgrave Handbook of Global Slavery Throughout History. (2023). Tyskland: Springer International Publishing. p536
682:
677:
572:
532:
435:
357:
87:
557:
454:
697:
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577:
107:
652:
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492:
176:
702:
369:
184:
672:
267:
284:
119:
387:
334:
647:
603:
598:
272:
257:
234:
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Schiffer, R. (2023). Oriental
Panorama: British Travellers in 19th Century Turkey. Tyskland: Brill. 186-187
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134:
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168:
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152:
144:
667:
114:
303:
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221:
92:
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542:
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of 1822. This had caused great indignation in Europe on behalf of the
Christian Greeks.
247:
139:
129:
124:
527:
425:
413:
391:
353:
349:
262:
77:
72:
641:
552:
562:
252:
57:
197:
205:
382:
330:
15:
484:
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L.Kurtynova-d'Herlugnan, The Tsar's Abolitionists, Leiden, Brill, 2010
377:
326:
317:
302:
488:
19:
538:
Treaty for the Suppression of the African Slave Trade
350:
Prohbition of the Circassian and Georgian slave trade
609:
Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery
412:. The Firman of 1830 was eventually followed by the
290:
Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery
586:
520:
599:Convention to Suppress the Slave Trade and Slavery
346:Suppression of the slave trade in the Persian Gulf
68:Suppression of the slave trade in the Persian Gulf
307:Eugène Delacroix, The Massacre at Chios, 1824.
500:
342:Disestablishment of the Istanbul Slave Market
31:
8:
507:
493:
485:
38:
24:
16:
280:Advisory Committee of Experts on Slavery
193:Convention of Saint-Germain-en-Laye 1919
103:Brussels Anti-Slavery Conference 1889–90
447:
548:Treaty Between Great Britain and Lagos
568:Anglo-Egyptian Slave Trade Convention
431:Anglo-Egyptian Slave Trade Convention
83:Anglo-Egyptian Slave Trade Convention
7:
354:Prohibition of the Black Slave Trade
708:Abolitionism in the Ottoman Empire
14:
120:African Slave Trade Patrol (U.S.)
622:
621:
573:Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1880
533:British-Brazilian Treaty of 1826
436:Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1880
358:Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1880
88:Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1880
578:Brussels Conference Act of 1890
135:Eastern Naval Division (Brazil)
108:Brussels Conference Act of 1890
1:
688:Slavery in the Ottoman Empire
370:slavery in the Ottoman Empire
268:Temporary Slavery Commission
558:Lyons–Seward Treaty of 1862
285:Ad Hoc Committee on Slavery
115:West Africa Squadron (U.K.)
724:
663:1830 in the Ottoman Empire
617:
388:Greek War of Independence
364:Background and the Firman
335:Greek War of Independence
53:
683:19th century in slavery
678:Slave trade legislation
604:Treaty of Jeddah (1927)
315:refers to the Imperial
273:1926 Slavery Convention
258:Treaty of Jeddah (1927)
243:Battle of Little Bereby
47:Slave trade suppression
698:Abolitionism in Africa
658:Abolitionism in Europe
594:White Slave convention
410:Circassian slave trade
308:
222:Bombardment of Johanna
130:Brazil Squadron (U.S.)
125:Africa Squadron (U.S.)
653:Anti-slavery treaties
515:Anti-slavery treaties
306:
703:Abolitionism in Asia
673:Ottoman slave trade
329:) issued by Sultan
309:
93:Blockade of Africa
635:
634:
352:(1854–1855), the
300:
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98:Kanunname of 1889
715:
625:
624:
509:
502:
495:
486:
475:
472:
466:
463:
457:
452:
356:(1857), and the
140:Slave Trade Acts
48:
40:
33:
26:
17:
723:
722:
718:
717:
716:
714:
713:
712:
638:
637:
636:
631:
613:
582:
543:Hamerton Treaty
516:
513:
479:
478:
473:
469:
464:
460:
453:
449:
444:
422:
400:
366:
301:
296:
248:Hamerton Treaty
214:Capture of the
185:Capture of the
179:Veloz Passagera
177:Capture of the
169:Capture of the
161:Capture of the
153:Capture of the
145:Capture of the
49:
46:
44:
12:
11:
5:
721:
719:
711:
710:
705:
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695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
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648:1830 in Europe
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639:
633:
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629:
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615:
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584:
583:
581:
580:
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570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
528:Moresby Treaty
524:
522:
518:
517:
514:
512:
511:
504:
497:
489:
483:
482:
477:
476:
467:
458:
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443:
440:
439:
438:
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428:
426:Firman of 1854
421:
418:
414:Firman of 1854
399:
396:
392:Chios massacre
365:
362:
313:Firman of 1830
298:
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277:
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265:
263:Moresby Treaty
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95:
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78:Firman of 1857
75:
73:Firman of 1854
70:
65:
63:Firman of 1830
60:
54:
51:
50:
45:
43:
42:
35:
28:
20:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
720:
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579:
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561:
559:
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553:Treaty of Epe
551:
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338:
337:(1821–1829).
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305:
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236:Edward Barley
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41:
36:
34:
29:
27:
22:
21:
18:
587:20th century
563:Frere Treaty
521:19th century
470:
461:
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407:
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401:
376:
374:
367:
348:(1847), the
344:(1847), the
339:
322:
316:
312:
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253:Frere Treaty
235:
227:
215:
206:
198:
186:
178:
170:
163:El Almirante
162:
154:
146:
62:
58:Abolitionism
668:1830 in law
375:In 1830, a
228:Mary Carver
147:Providentia
642:Categories
442:References
381:of Sultan
207:La Amistad
171:Marinerito
155:Presidente
398:Aftermath
383:Mahmud II
331:Mahmud II
187:Brillante
627:Category
420:See also
238:Incident
216:Emanuela
209:Incident
693:Decrees
378:firman
327:Decree
323:Ferman
318:Firman
230:Affair
199:Creole
311:The
201:case
321:or
644::
416:.
360:.
508:e
501:t
494:v
325:(
39:e
32:t
25:v
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