240:
193:
212:
279:
181:
2275:
353:
252:
291:
387:
399:
341:
122:
2944:
228:
25:
430:
422:
631:
2956:
441:, State Fire Marshals and Other Authorities Having Jurisdiction (AHJ's), require some Fire and Smoke Dampers to be tested at specified intervals. Similarly, European authorities mandate maintenance and repairs of fire dampers also, as part of approvals or listings issued following successful testing of fire damper assemblies.
372:
are vents applied in wall, eave soffit, gable or foundation. In the US, these are used to protect from exterior fire exposure from neighboring structure or via window-, arson- and wildfire (ASTM E2912 plus ASTM E119) or against wildfire only (ASTM E2886). In Europe, air transfer grilles for walls can
379:
is a type of air transfer fire damper used in cavities or voids in constructions with natural ventilation, typically inside air gaps behind cladding. These are often subject to sudden direct flame impingement. In the US, ASTM E2912 cover testing, combined with E119 where required. A method to verify
309:
that causes closure. Cleaning and an age assessment are periodically performed. The annulus of an intumescent damper is closed eliminating smoke migration. Also, intumescent fire dampers can be qualified to ASTM E2912. or ISO 10294-5:2005 Fire dampers for air distribution systems—Part 5: Intumescent
412:
Allowances exist for use of duct dampers as air transfer fire dampers. Since these typically will be too hot, and even allow penetration of flames to the unexposed side during fire, they must be modified and classified for such application. To achieve this they are tested with a grid on either side
333:
are usually designed for flush installation and comes in multiple sizes. Dampers are listed for vertical or horizontal installation or both and for one- or two-way fire exposure. Performance may be fire rated resistance as the compartment they serve, with or without smoke resistance. In Europe, the
266:
Mechanical dampers obstruct the cross-sectional area of a HVAC duct in the event of a fire either by means of a pivoting a fire-resistant board in Europe, or steel shutters in North
America. Maintenance includes the function of the damper and removal of obstructions that may impair proper function.
326:
Contrary to dampers in ducts the closing time of ATFDs are crucial to avoid fire passing during the open state. For applications where direct flame penetration is not allowed through openings that are normally in open state, ATFDs must pass adequate standards. In the US, ASTM E2912 verify direct
156:
closes, usually activated by a thermal element which melts at temperatures higher than ambient but low enough to indicate the presence of a fire, allowing springs to close the damper blades. Fire dampers can also close following receipt of an electrical signal from a fire alarm system utilising
322:
Depending on regional regulation, they are either tested to the same exposure as wall and floor building elements or tested slightly different such as for cable or pipe penetrations. In Europe, Sm or Sa classifications can be obtained for cold smoke resistance or cold and hot smoke resistance
318:
Air transfer fire dampers (ATFD) are not protected by ductwork and must therefore be installed and manufactured to standards and tests that take into account room fire exposures. Air transfer fire dampers are passive such as intumescent types or mechanical types. They are designed for fire
632:
EN 1634-1 Access Portal: Fire resistance and smoke control tests for door and shutter assemblies, openable windows and elements of building hardware - Part 1: Fire resistance test for door and shutter assemblies and openable
278:
192:
1961:
211:
413:
to prevent combustibles to be stored too close to hot parts or flaming. Some jurisdictions prescribe a general grid for use in front of listed duct dampers, which are not listed for use without ductwork.
319:
resistance, direct flame resistance in the open state or for smoke resistance or for combinations. Some designs are for exterior use, some are for hygienic zone use and some are for Ex-zone applications.
626:
2791:
569:
1911:
1941:
180:
2982:
582:
373:
be applied externally once a national assessment of suitability for the application in regards of embers, direct flame impingement, environmental impacts etc. has been done.
310:
fire dampers. The purpose of some intumescent fire dampers is to prevent entry of airborne burning embers into buildings as a result of
Wildlife Urban Interface Fires (WUI).
366:
are designed and tested for use in the lower part of door leaves and cannot be installed elsewhere or higher. In Europe, the fire door test EN 14600 and EN 1634-1 applies.
2586:
643:
Abstract DIN EN 15882-2:2010-11 Extended application of results from fire resistance tests for service installations - Part 2 - Dampers; German version prEN 15882-2:2010
433:
The damper's certification listing is violated because the damper shares the opening with other through-penetrants and the drywall fire-separation is not continuous.
239:
1956:
653:
Access to DIN EN 1366-2:1999-10 (replaces DIN4102 Part 6) Fire resistance tests on service installations - Part 2: Fire dampers; German version EN 1366-2:1999
2779:
251:
2394:
1449:
698:
2084:
602:
ASTM E2886 Access Portal: Standard Test Method for
Evaluating the Ability of Exterior Vents to Resist the Entry of Embers and Direct Flame Impingement
152:
are similar to fire dampers in fire resistance rating, and also prevent the spread of smoke inside the ducts. When a rise in temperature occurs, the
2112:
1951:
1883:
352:
2758:
475:
574:
1756:
627:
14600 Access Portal: Doorsets and openable windows with fire resisting and/or smoke control characteristics - Requirements and classification
591:
564:
340:
2803:
2797:
1916:
1878:
398:
227:
2299:
1739:
386:
157:
detectors remote from the damper, indicating the sensing of heat or smoke in the building occupied spaces or in the HVAC duct system.
2674:
1781:
1494:
1030:
759:
108:
621:
579:
290:
647:
2987:
850:
2992:
2435:
2123:
1931:
1745:
1125:
689:
46:
616:
611:
606:
2785:
2742:
2414:
2077:
1893:
1837:
1832:
1409:
937:
89:
2856:
2694:
1454:
1005:
926:
885:
284:
Intumescent damper insert. Openings in the unit swell shut as a result of intumescence in case of fire or heat exposure.
61:
42:
648:
Excerpt
Scheuermann, Praxishandbuch Brandschutz (Practice Handbook Fire Protection, Paragraph 5.5.4 Fire Dampers), 2008
2727:
2659:
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963:
875:
739:
662:
657:
2959:
2294:
2234:
1946:
1827:
1534:
1299:
1143:
658:
Abstract ISO 10294-1:1996 Fire resistance tests -- Fire dampers for air distribution systems -- Part 1: Test method
68:
642:
35:
2809:
2644:
2304:
1999:
1858:
1822:
1624:
1254:
1209:
1137:
989:
932:
2947:
2753:
2669:
2649:
2626:
2389:
2154:
2070:
2046:
1868:
1564:
1164:
943:
834:
819:
75:
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1966:
1888:
1817:
1761:
1693:
1589:
1504:
1414:
1379:
855:
485:
460:
425:
Fire damper deficiency: The installed annular clearance around the damper violates the certification listing
202:
137:
2737:
2616:
2591:
2581:
2289:
2249:
2031:
1993:
1873:
1584:
1015:
465:
199:
145:
559:
2924:
2898:
2851:
2466:
2354:
2334:
2051:
1729:
1688:
1404:
1075:
895:
597:
ASTM E2912 Standard Test Method for Fire Test of Non-Mechanical Fire
Dampers Used in Vented Construction
529:
ASTM E2912 Standard Test Method for Fire Test of Non-Mechanical Fire
Dampers Used in Vented Construction
57:
663:
Abstract ISO 10294-5:2005 Fire dampers for air distribution systems -- Part 5: Intumescent fire dampers
555:
NFPA Xchange site on comparison of UL555(S) versus DIN4102 qualified fire dampers, including video link
2621:
2481:
2189:
1853:
1843:
1787:
1724:
1619:
1199:
1148:
714:
617:
NFPA 105 Access: Standard for the
Installation of Smoke Door Assemblies and Other Opening Protectives
638:
Abstract DIN EN 15650:2010-09 Ventilation for buildings - Fire dampers; German version EN 15650:2010
2664:
2571:
1719:
1709:
1683:
1469:
1131:
1040:
1010:
910:
880:
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regimes vary from one country to another, which can result in different designs and applications.
2451:
2379:
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1982:
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121:
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724:
667:
2861:
2199:
2021:
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1771:
1354:
1060:
958:
953:
948:
865:
438:
141:
2903:
2556:
2491:
2430:
2399:
2374:
2324:
2319:
2133:
2093:
2016:
1988:
1630:
1544:
1539:
1484:
1474:
1464:
1394:
1334:
1249:
1234:
1055:
1050:
1025:
1020:
890:
814:
612:
NFPA 90A Access: Standard for the
Installation of Air-Conditioning and Ventilating Systems
586:
652:
637:
82:
2722:
2699:
2684:
2546:
2486:
2456:
2425:
2369:
2329:
2264:
2254:
2149:
1766:
1663:
1439:
1419:
1384:
1319:
1239:
1080:
1070:
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754:
749:
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2929:
2919:
2717:
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2224:
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1035:
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804:
784:
764:
675:
622:
SMACNA - Fire, Smoke, and
Radiation Damper Installation Guide for HVAC (for purchase)
380:
performance in the open state, similar to E2912, is being assessed in Europe by CEN.
218:
2846:
2732:
2611:
2601:
2536:
2501:
2461:
2420:
2384:
2174:
2169:
2139:
2026:
1704:
1604:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1499:
1434:
1314:
1284:
1224:
1219:
1194:
1105:
984:
900:
824:
809:
794:
450:
144:(HVAC) ducts to prevent and isolate the spread of fire inside the ductwork through
2566:
2521:
2404:
2349:
2314:
2209:
2036:
1678:
1635:
1609:
1549:
1529:
1524:
1399:
1359:
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779:
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302:
24:
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1614:
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1389:
1339:
1309:
1294:
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respectively. In the US, listing can be issued for use in wildfire exposure.
2748:
2576:
2541:
2531:
2516:
2496:
2471:
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2239:
2204:
2159:
2107:
1751:
1429:
1424:
1374:
1349:
1204:
1000:
607:
NFPA 80 Access Portal: Standard for Fire Doors and Other
Opening Protectives
505:
470:
161:
125:
Interior of German mechanical fire damper inside of a galvanised steel duct.
554:
528:
601:
596:
221:
fire damper, showing the closing mechanism that shuts the interior blades.
2841:
2551:
2506:
2229:
2219:
2118:
1734:
1668:
1169:
969:
769:
744:
719:
540:
US Fire Administration Page on its Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) toolkit
539:
258:
1244:
916:
1921:
1673:
1479:
1229:
327:
flame resistance in the open state and ASTM E119 for closed state.
186:
German fire damper in underground parking of a commercial building.
2882:
2836:
2062:
1936:
1369:
592:
Abstract on UL33 Heat Responsive Links for Fire-Protection Service
428:
420:
120:
198:
North American fire dampers, ready for installation in Durasteel
2831:
1444:
1364:
455:
2066:
671:
334:
harmonized ETAG 026 Part 4 apply to classification of ATFDs.
18:
2792:
National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying
305:
in the event of a fire. Unlike mechanical dampers, it is a
233:
European fire damper with interior fire-resisting board.
506:"What is a fire damper? - HVC - Knowledge hub - HVC"
2912:
2891:
2819:
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2635:
2444:
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2100:
2009:
1975:
1902:
1806:
1654:
1157:
843:
705:
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
410:Dampers for ducts applied as air transfer dampers:
2587:Penetrant (mechanical, electrical, or structural)
257:Fire damper in oversized hole in a 2-hour rated
346:Fire element for air transfer dampers for walls
575:Abstract on UL555c Standard on Ceiling Dampers
2078:
683:
570:Abstract on UL555s Standard for Smoke Dampers
331:Air transfer fire dampers for walls or floors
8:
580:UL Marking and Application Guide for Dampers
245:Fail-safe rotary actuator for fire dampers.
140:products used in heating, ventilation, and
2983:Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
2395:Hypoxic air technology for fire prevention
2085:
2071:
2063:
1450:High efficiency glandless circulating pump
699:Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
690:
676:
668:
565:Abstract on UL555 Standard on Fire Dampers
2780:Fire Equipment Manufacturers' Association
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
2113:Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion
1884:Mold growth, assessment, and remediation
404:Cavity barrier invisible behind cladding
2759:Listing and approval use and compliance
497:
476:Listing and approval use and compliance
417:Fire damper inspections and maintenance
382:
336:
274:
176:
392:Cavity barrier with instant fire stop
301:Intumescent dampers swell shut due to
2804:Society of Fire Protection Engineers
1757:Programmable communicating thermostat
7:
2955:
2798:National Fire Protection Association
1879:Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing
370:Air transfer fire dampers in facades
47:adding citations to reliable sources
364:Air transfer fire dampers for doors
358:Air transfer damper mounted in wall
2300:Condensed aerosol fire suppression
1740:Minimum efficiency reporting value
14:
2675:Fire alarm notification appliance
1782:Standard temperature and pressure
1495:Packaged terminal air conditioner
1031:Passive daytime radiative cooling
760:Heat pump and refrigeration cycle
2954:
2943:
2942:
2273:
851:Absorption-compression heat pump
397:
385:
377:Ventilating cavity fire barriers
351:
339:
296:Round intumescent damper insert.
289:
277:
250:
238:
226:
210:
191:
179:
23:
2436:Vehicle fire suppression system
2124:Combustibility and flammability
1746:Normal temperature and pressure
1126:Vapor-compression refrigeration
34:needs additional citations for
16:Type of passive fire protection
1:
2786:Institution of Fire Engineers
2743:Fire Safety Evaluation System
2415:Personal protective equipment
1894:Testing, adjusting, balancing
1838:Building information modeling
1833:Building services engineering
1410:Ground-coupled heat exchanger
938:Demand controlled ventilation
886:Building insulation materials
2857:GHS precautionary statements
2695:Manual fire alarm activation
1455:High-pressure cut-off switch
1006:Ice storage air conditioning
927:Dedicated outdoor air system
2728:Fire protection engineering
2660:Explosive gas leak detector
2477:Electromagnetic door holder
2310:External water spray system
1798:Thermostatic radiator valve
1600:Thermostatic radiator valve
1111:Underfloor air distribution
1046:Radiant heating and cooling
964:Energy recovery ventilation
876:Automobile air conditioning
740:Domestic energy consumption
3009:
2904:Harry C. Bigglestone Award
2295:Automatic fire suppression
2235:K-factor (fire protection)
1947:Institute of Refrigeration
1828:Architectural technologist
1300:Electrostatic precipitator
307:physical/chemical reaction
2938:
2810:Underwriters Laboratories
2645:Aspirating smoke detector
2305:Detonation flame arrester
2271:
2000:Volatile organic compound
1859:Environmental engineering
1823:Architectural engineering
1625:Ultra-low particulate air
1210:Automatic balancing valve
1138:Variable refrigerant flow
990:Heat recovery ventilation
933:Deep water source cooling
2754:Kitchen exhaust cleaning
2670:Fire alarm control panel
2650:Carbon monoxide detector
2627:Standpipe (firefighting)
2390:Gaseous fire suppression
2155:Enthalpy of vaporization
2047:Template:Home automation
1869:Kitchen exhaust cleaning
1565:Solar-assisted heat pump
1165:Air conditioner inverter
944:Displacement ventilation
835:Vapour pressure of water
820:Thermal destratification
560:UL fire damper guideline
2988:Passive fire protection
2597:Pressurisation ductwork
2562:Firewall (construction)
2410:Passive fire protection
2360:Fire suppression system
2042:World Refrigeration Day
1889:Refrigerant reclamation
1818:Architectural acoustics
1762:Programmable thermostat
1694:Clean air delivery rate
1590:Thermal expansion valve
1505:Pressurisation ductwork
1415:Ground source heat pump
856:Absorption refrigerator
486:Uniform Mechanical Code
461:Passive fire protection
203:pressurisation ductwork
138:passive fire protection
2993:Active fire protection
2773:Industry organizations
2738:Fire-resistance rating
2617:Smoke exhaust ductwork
2592:Penetration (firestop)
2582:Packing (firestopping)
2290:Active fire protection
2250:Spontaneous combustion
2032:Glossary of HVAC terms
1994:Sick building syndrome
1874:Mechanical engineering
1585:Smoke exhaust ductwork
1016:Mixed-mode ventilation
466:Active fire protection
434:
426:
168:Fire dampers for ducts
126:
2925:Template:Firefighting
2899:Arthur B. Guise Medal
2852:GHS hazard statements
2355:Fire sprinkler system
2335:Fire-retardant fabric
2052:Template:Solar energy
1730:Intelligent buildings
1689:Carbon dioxide sensor
1076:Room air distribution
896:Central solar heating
432:
424:
200:fire-resistance rated
146:fire-resistance rated
124:
2709:Professions, trades,
2622:Smokeproof enclosure
2482:Electromagnetic lock
2190:Flammability diagram
2101:Fundamental concepts
1854:Duct leakage testing
1844:Deep energy retrofit
1788:Thermographic camera
1725:Infrared thermometer
1200:Air source heat pump
1149:Water heat recycling
715:Air changes per hour
314:Air transfer dampers
43:improve this article
2665:Fire alarm call box
2572:Heat and smoke vent
1720:HVAC control system
1710:Home energy monitor
1684:Building automation
1470:Inverter compressor
1132:Variable air volume
1041:Passive ventilation
1011:Kitchen ventilation
911:Constant air volume
881:Autonomous building
271:Intumescent dampers
2637:Fire alarm systems
2452:Annulus (firestop)
2380:Flashback arrestor
2345:Fire-safe polymers
2340:Fire retardant gel
2195:Flammability limit
1983:Indoor air quality
1927:ASTM International
1864:Hydronic balancing
1641:Wood-burning stove
1520:Radiator reflector
1305:Evaporative cooler
1116:Underfloor heating
1101:Thermal insulation
585:2013-12-13 at the
435:
427:
173:Mechanical dampers
150:Fire/smoke dampers
148:walls and floors.
127:
2970:
2969:
2878:Safety data sheet
2873:List of S-phrases
2868:List of R-phrases
2764:Sprinkler fitting
2655:Circuit integrity
2527:Fire extinguisher
2365:Firefighting foam
2260:Thermal radiation
2060:
2059:
1976:Health and safety
1555:Scroll compressor
1510:Process duct work
1265:Convection heater
1260:Condensing boiler
1190:Air-mixing plenum
1086:Solar combisystem
922:Cross ventilation
725:Building envelope
119:
118:
111:
93:
3000:
2958:
2957:
2946:
2945:
2862:Life Safety Code
2467:Compartmentation
2277:
2200:Flammable liquid
2087:
2080:
2073:
2064:
2022:Building science
1777:Smart thermostat
1772:Room temperature
1355:Fireplace insert
1061:Radon mitigation
959:Electric heating
954:District heating
949:District cooling
866:Air conditioning
692:
685:
678:
669:
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439:Joint Commission
401:
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160:Regulations and
142:air conditioning
114:
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2908:
2887:
2815:
2768:
2710:
2704:
2631:
2557:Firestop pillow
2492:Emergency light
2445:Building design
2440:
2431:Tank blanketing
2400:Inerting system
2375:Flame retardant
2325:Fire protection
2320:Fire prevention
2278:
2269:
2134:Dangerous goods
2096:
2094:Fire protection
2091:
2061:
2056:
2017:ASHRAE Handbook
2005:
1989:Passive smoking
1971:
1904:
1898:
1810:
1808:
1802:
1656:
1650:
1631:Whole-house fan
1545:Run-around coil
1540:Reversing valve
1485:Mechanical room
1475:Kerosene heater
1465:Infrared heater
1395:Gasoline heater
1335:Fan filter unit
1250:Condensate pump
1235:Centrifugal fan
1153:
1056:Radiant heating
1051:Radiant cooling
1026:Passive cooling
1021:Microgeneration
891:Central heating
839:
815:Thermal comfort
707:
701:
696:
587:Wayback Machine
551:
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437:In the US, the
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2723:Fire insurance
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2700:Smoke detector
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134:fire shutters
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63:
60: –
59:
58:"Fire damper"
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2960:
2948:
2847:Flame spread
2733:Fireproofing
2711:and services
2612:Smoke damper
2602:Safety glass
2537:Fire hydrant
2511:
2502:Fire curtain
2462:Booster pump
2421:Relief valve
2385:Fusible link
2175:Fire loading
2170:Fire control
2140:Deflagration
2027:Fireproofing
1811:and services
1807:Professions,
1705:Gas detector
1605:Trickle vent
1580:Smoke damper
1575:Smoke canopy
1570:Space heater
1500:Plenum space
1435:Heating film
1344:
1315:Exhaust hood
1285:Dehumidifier
1225:Blast damper
1220:Barrier pipe
1195:Air purifier
1106:Thermosiphon
985:Free cooling
901:Chilled beam
825:Thermal mass
810:Stack effect
795:Particulates
775:Infiltration
706:Fundamental
535:
524:
513:. Retrieved
509:
500:
451:Blast damper
436:
409:
408:
376:
375:
369:
368:
363:
362:
330:
329:
325:
321:
317:
303:intumescence
300:
265:
159:
153:
149:
133:
130:Fire dampers
129:
128:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2567:Grease duct
2522:Fire escape
2512:Fire damper
2405:Intumescent
2350:Fire safety
2315:Fire bucket
2210:Flash point
2037:Warm Spaces
1679:Blower door
1657:and control
1655:Measurement
1636:Windcatcher
1610:Trombe wall
1550:Sail switch
1530:Refrigerant
1525:Recuperator
1400:Grease duct
1360:Freeze stat
1345:Fire damper
1215:Back boiler
1185:Air ionizer
1180:Air handler
1144:Ventilation
996:Hybrid heat
861:Air barrier
780:Latent heat
481:Sheet metal
154:fire damper
2977:Categories
2864:(NFPA 101)
2827:CE marking
2680:Fire drill
2283:Technology
2180:Fire point
2165:Fire class
2145:Detonation
1793:Thermostat
1715:Humidistat
1646:Zone valve
1615:TurboSwing
1490:Oil heater
1460:Humidifier
1390:Gas heater
1340:Fan heater
1310:Evaporator
1295:Economizer
1270:Compressor
1175:Air filter
1158:Components
975:Forced-air
871:Antifreeze
844:Technology
790:Outgassing
730:Convection
515:2022-03-30
492:References
99:March 2015
69:newspapers
2820:Standards
2749:Fire test
2577:Occupancy
2542:Fire pump
2532:Fire hose
2517:Fire door
2497:Exit sign
2472:Crash bar
2245:Pyrolysis
2240:Pool fire
2205:Flashover
2160:Explosive
2108:Backdraft
1903:Industry
1752:OpenTherm
1430:Heat pump
1425:Heat pipe
1375:Fume hood
1350:Fireplace
1255:Condenser
1205:Attic fan
1001:Hydronics
471:Fire test
162:fire test
2949:Category
2913:See also
2842:EN 16034
2552:Firestop
2507:Fire cut
2230:Jet fire
2220:Gas leak
2136:(HAZMAT)
2119:Boilover
2010:See also
1735:LonWorks
1669:Aquastat
1535:Register
1515:Radiator
1170:Air door
970:Firestop
770:Humidity
745:Enthalpy
735:Dilution
720:Bake-out
708:concepts
583:Archived
445:See also
259:concrete
2961:Commons
2794:(NCEES)
2115:(BLEVE)
1809:trades,
1380:Furnace
1245:Chiller
917:Coolant
633:windows
83:scholar
2892:Awards
2806:(SFPE)
2800:(NFPA)
2782:(FEMA)
2745:(FSES)
1962:SMACNA
1922:ASHRAE
1742:(MERV)
1696:(CADR)
1674:BACnet
1627:(ULPA)
1480:Louver
1405:Grille
1280:Damper
1230:Boiler
1128:(VCRS)
929:(DOAS)
136:) are
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2883:UL 94
2837:EN 54
2788:(IFE)
2417:(PPE)
2002:(VOC)
1996:(SBS)
1985:(IAQ)
1942:CIBSE
1937:BSRIA
1840:(BIM)
1784:(STP)
1748:(NTP)
1370:Freon
1140:(VRF)
1134:(VAV)
992:(HRV)
966:(ERV)
940:(DCV)
913:(CAV)
261:slab.
90:JSTOR
76:books
2832:EN 3
2812:(UL)
1957:LEED
1917:AMCA
1912:AHRI
1445:HEPA
1365:Flue
1290:Duct
456:HVAC
132:(or
62:news
1967:UMC
1952:IIR
1932:BRE
1325:Fan
45:by
2979::
508:.
2086:e
2079:t
2072:v
691:e
684:t
677:v
518:.
205:.
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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