391:
laid the foundations of the system of licensing that has continued unaltered until quite recently. Relatively small modifications were introduced in the
Firearms Act, 1964, the Firearms (Proofing) Act, 1968, the Firearms Act, 1971, the Firearms and Offensive Weapons Act, 1990, the Firearms (Temporary Provisions) Act, 1998 and the Firearms (Firearm Certificates For Non-Residents) Act, 2000. By 2006, such was the confusion from these multiple Acts, each amending the others (and not all of which were ever actually commenced and thus were in the public record but not enforced as actual legislation); and the amendments of Irish firearms legislation by other Acts ranging from the Wildlife Acts (mostly relating to hunting law) to the Road Traffic Acts (relating to how and where firearms could be transported) and others; the large amount of secondary legislation (Statutory Instruments, which set out regulations, the design of application forms for licences and so forth, as well as the details of when various parts of the Acts came into force); as well as the introduction of EU firearms law into the canon of Irish legislation; led the Irish Law Reform Commission to recommend that all the extant legislation be
475:(police) stations by 5 August 1972, for a period of one month. This order was complied with, but when firearms owners returned to reclaim their firearms, they were informed that their licences had expired while their firearms were in custody (Irish firearms licences until 2008 were issued for a period of one year, and all licences were usually dealt with at the same time, usually at the start of August, though the date has changed over the years). Since the firearms were no longer licensed, they could not be returned until a new licence was issued; upon seeking a renewal of their licences, applicants were informed that a new Garda policy was in place that would refuse licence applications for all pistols and all firearms over .22 in calibre. As such, the firearms remained in Garda custody.
399:
preceding
Firearms Acts. As of 2011, the Law Reform Commission recommendation still stands and has not as yet been acted upon; the Firearms Act consists of the initial 1925 Act amended by approximately eighteen separate Acts and is well understood by only a handful of those directly involved in its drafting, amendment or usage. Extensive complaints have arisen over the application of the legislation, with over seventy successfully prosecuted in the
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certificate. If the licensing person does not communicate a decision to the applicant within the three months, the applicant is deemed to have been informed of a refusal. If a licence is refused, the applicant may appeal the decision to the local
District Court, who are the final authority for licensing (while a District Court's decision may be appealed, the
1123:
39:. The legislation has multiple overlapping Firearms Acts that define it, but the core principles include: all firearms must be licensed individually, each applicant must have a good reason for having the firearm, must have a safe place in which to use it, must have a secure place in which to store it, and to be of sound mind and temperate habits.
495:
pistol succeeded and the licence was granted. Following this, firearms held in storage by the Gardaí were reclaimed by those owners still alive or their descendants. As these pistols were never formally confiscated (and some were sold off by their owners and removed from Garda custody in that manner), no compensation was claimable by the owners.
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940:
918:
896:
874:
852:
830:
375:
gathering; there is no publicly available figure for the total number of firearms owners in
Ireland, for example. Prior to the computerisation of records in 2003, it would have required searching and comparing through over 220,000 paper records by hand to determine this figure; requests for this number made through Written Questions in the
984:
317:
certificate by loading restricted ammunition (such as solid slugs) into the shotgun; such an offence renders the firearms certificate null and void and exposes the licensed owner to extensive penalties up to and including seven years in prison and twenty thousand euro in fines. Care to avoid this is required.
403:
by firearms owners by 2011. How much of this is due to the overly complicated nature of the legislation involved and the lack of formal training provided to Garda
Superintendents in that legislation is unknown, but all of the cases which have been brought to court to date hinged on misinterpretations
301:
All other pistols, unless they were licensed before 17 November 2008, may not be licensed; even if a Garda
Superintendent or Chief Superintendent were willing to grant such a certificate, statute law prohibits it and such a certificate would be null and void. However other pistols which were licensed
398:
The introduction of the
Criminal Justice Act 2006, which contained an enormous rewrite of the Firearms Act, rewriting almost 80% of the Act completely. It was quickly followed by the Criminal Justice Act 2007 and the Criminal Justice (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2009, each of which amended all the
361:
in
Ireland must be granted both planning permission by the local county council and an authorisation under section 2(5) of the Firearms Act by the local Garda Superintendent. Since the 2009 firearms act, most shooting ranges are required by their local Superintendent to be inspected and certified by
338:
and thermal imaging sights are classified as firearms in Irish law if they are made to be attached to a firearm (hand-held versions of such devices are not controlled). These are usually dealt with by authorisations on a firearms certificate as with suppressors, but are extremely rare due to expense
269:
are legally restricted firearms in
Ireland because at the time of the drafting of these Orders, nobody remembered to add them to the list of unrestricted firearms (crossbows were added to the category of firearms in Irish law with the 1990 firearms act, other forms of bow are not legally firearms in
273:
It must also be borne in mind that the licensing person, whether that is the local
Superintendent or the local Chief Superintendent, have significant powers in law with regard to licensing decisions and may impose preconditions he or she requires of an applicant before granting a licence so long as
264:
Differentiation between Unrestricted and Restricted Firearms categories is done in the Firearms (Restricted Firearms and Ammunition) Order 2008 and the Firearms (Restricted Firearms and Ammunition) (Amendment) Order 2009. The differentiation between Unrestricted and Restricted firearms was done by
96:
To obtain a firearms certificate, applicants file a form with either their local Garda Superintendent (for unrestricted firearms) or to their local Garda Chief Superintendent (for restricted firearms). Once presented, the licensing person has three months in which to issue a grant or refusal of the
494:
was available for deer hunting and it was felt to be only barely capable of this task). All other firearms held in custody remained there, until the repeal of the Garda policy following a high court case in 2004 taken by Irish shooter Frank Brophy to obtain a licence for an Olympic target shooting
390:
Irish firearms law is based on several Firearms Acts, each of which amends those Acts which were issued previously. The initial Firearms (Temporary Provisions) Act, 1924 which was introduced as emergency legislation following the founding of the state, was replaced by the Firearms Act, 1925, which
439:
Target shooting outside an authorised range in Ireland is a criminal offence. However the law does not contain a definition of target shooting, and thus certain activities (such as hunters zeroing rifles before hunting) technically breach this law but in practice the law is not enforced in these
258:
any weapon of whatever description designed for the discharge of any noxious liquid, noxious gas or other noxious thing, and also any ammunition (whether for any such weapon or any other weapon) which contains or is designed or adapted to contain any noxious liquid, noxious gas or other noxious
374:
Unlike the UK system where a licence applies to a person and can list multiple firearms, in Ireland a firearms certificate applies to a specific firearm and not the person holding them, so owning several firearms requires several firearms certificates. This has complicated firearms statistics
142:
Proof of competency with the firearm or the arrangements to achieve that competency, which are met by prior experience with the firearm, membership of a club where training will be provided, or completion of a training course (however no standard for such a training course has been set and so
535:
providers). This panel met from 2006 through 2011 to attempt to implement the changes in the 2006 Act (and later the 2007 and 2009 Acts) where possible, and to attempt to alter the Acts where they were unworkable by providing expert advice to the Department in the drafting of new legislation
498:
Following the Brophy case, some 300 pistols were licensed in Ireland, ranging from new Olympic air pistols (which are firearms under Irish law) to reclaimed pre-1972 pistols to new centerfire pistols. While welcomed by the target shooting community, in 2008 opposition deputies Jim Deasy and
316:
may be licensed. Whether a restricted or unrestricted licence is required varies according to caliber, design, magazine capacity, general appearance and other factors. It is possible to obtain a firearms certificate for an unrestricted firearm for a shotgun and then breach the terms of that
274:
such preconditions are imposed on a case-by-case basis (blanket preconditions having been deemed beyond the legal authority of the licensing person by the Supreme Court. The local Superintendent and local Chief Superintendent also have wide-ranging powers to revoke firearms certificates.
503:
campaigned to ban these pistols on the grounds that they could be used in crime. Despite multiple parliamentary questions from as early as 2005, where it was stated that there was no proof that this was happening, Minister Ahern announced a ban on all handguns in November 2008.
270:
Ireland). Also, the majority of paintball markers are legally classified as Short Restricted Firearms in Ireland and as such cannot be legally licensed following the 2009 firearms act (and strictly speaking, significant jail sentences and fines could result from a prosecution).
228:
Airsoft replicas were only removed from the firearms category with the 2006 firearms act; prior to that there was no lower muzzle energy limit before an item was classifiable as a firearm. This created the unusual situation where the laws applying to everything from a
410:
I feel it necessary to add, however, that the piecemeal spreading over multiple pieces of legislation of the statutory rules for the control of firearms is undesirable. Codification in that area is almost as pressing a need as it is in the area of sexual
328:
in Ireland) may be licensed; these are legally classed as firearms in and of themselves but are usually dealt with by authorisations on a firearms certificate (signified by a capital 'S' printed on the certificate itself) rather than a separate
424:
and so each case had to be considered separately), and policy with regard to firearms licences was to be determined based on the outcome of these cases, according to the Ministerial Briefing document for the newly elected Minister for Justice,
42:
The Firearms Act, 1925 states that a legal licence is required by law to own or possess a firearm in the Irish Republic. Failure to adhere to the law may result in monetary fines or imprisonment and can result in firearms being seized by the
23:
possession on may-issue basis and the general public's access to firearms in the Republic of Ireland is subject to strict control measures that rank among the strictest globally. With approximately seven civilian firearms per 100 people,
93:, though several exceptions to this (such as couriers transporting firearms or people shooting at authorized fairground stalls or shooting ranges with club-owned firearms) are specified in sections 2(3) and 2(4) of the Firearms Act.
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Over 168 judicial review cases were taken to the High Court between 2010 and 2013 in a protracted series of legal proceedings all relating to disputed licensing decisions. Three of these cases were taken as "test cases" by the
54:
Gun crime is rising steadily in Ireland as a result of the illicit drugs trade; this has resulted in extensive tightening of licensing legislation during the last decade over the protests of the shooting sports organisations.
207:
regulations do not come to the fore, except in the case of Category A firearms (the EU classification for automatic firearms) which are not licensable without direct permission from the Minister (which has never been given).
531:'s Firearms Section, which comprised representatives from the Gardaí, Department of Sport, firearms dealers, all the national governing bodies of the shooting sports, and other stakeholders in the Firearms Act (such as
456:(1970–1998) were becoming a security concern for the Irish government at the time, and in 1972 a Temporary Custody Order (S.I. No. 187/1972 – Firearms (Temporary Custody) Order, 1972) was issued for all privately held
1006:
348:
Stun guns of all kinds require a firearms licence to own in Ireland; as self-defence is not a Good Reason for application under the Commissioner's Guidelines, it would be very unlikely for such an application to
202:
The kinds of firearms which can be licensed in Ireland are governed by several different sections of law. EU law supersedes Irish law, but EU standards are far more relaxed than Irish ones so by and large the
278:
Modifications to firearms could potentially render a firearms certificate null and void, and some modifications - such as reducing barrel length in rifles and shotguns below certain limits - are banned by
429:. In one of these three cases, it was discovered that a senior Garda officer had modified the application forms after the legal proceedings had begun; as a result all 168 cases were settled out of court.
365:
The Firearms Range Inspector is empowered by law to enter and search any place, building, dwelling or vehicle in Ireland if he suspects that target shooting is taking place at an unauthorised location.
345:
and blank firing firearms also require a firearms licence to own in Ireland; generally however they are dealt with using authorisations from the local Superintendent instead of a firearms certificate
395:
a legal process by which all the existing primary and secondary legislation would be read as one and a single document produced as the new Firearms Act (and all prior Acts would be repealed).
536:
amendments. With the election of a new Minister, the FCP is in the process of being wound down, despite campaigning to extend its terms of reference to make it a permanent advisory panel.
35:
Firearm laws in the Republic of Ireland are some of the strictest in the world, with both with strict legislation governing licensing and fastidious application of that legislation by the
132:
The details of the secure storage arrangements for the firearm (which must be inspected by the local Crime Prevention Officer. Minimum standards for secure storage are set out in the
29:
143:
applicants are strongly advised to check with their local Garda Superintendent or Chief Superintendent (depending on which is being applied to) as to what courses they will accept).
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If the firearm is a restricted firearm, the applicant must demonstrate that the firearm is the only type of firearm that is appropriate for the purpose for which it is required.
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may be licensed.Whether a restricted or unrestricted licence is required varies according to caliber, design, magazine capacity, general appearance and other factors.
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Detailed statistics on makes, models and types of firearm beyond the rifle/pistol/shotgun and restricted/unrestricted categorisation are not generally maintained.
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which you must be a member of and which must maintain attendance records for the applicant and which must inform the Gardaí should the applicant's membership end).
160:
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The Minister retains the authority in law to issue a Temporary Custody Order, which compels all firearms certificate holders to turn their firearms over to the
523:
Following the introduction of the Criminal Justice Act 2006 and its extensive and complex rewriting of the Firearms Act, the Minister for Justice at the time (
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creating a list of unrestricted firearms and deeming all other firearms to be restricted. This has led to some legislative oversights of note; for example,
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Not everyone is eligible to apply for a firearms certificate; those not eligible to apply are set out in Section 8 of the Firearms Act and include:
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and increase according to the number and type of firearms being stored, but higher standards can be demanded by the Gardaí before issuing a licence.
65:
There are a wide range of shooting sports and shooting sports organisational bodies in Ireland. The main entry points to the shooting sports remain
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itself must overturn the licensing person's decision should the appeal be successful). The certificate lasts three years from the date of issue.
47:. The Firearms Act, 1925 also lists a number of groups which are prohibited from legally owning a firearm, these include those suffering from
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before this date may continue to be licensed by their original owners. The licences may not be transferred to other people, however.
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qualify as do certain other activities like humane dispatch of large animals. Personal protection does not qualify as a good reason.
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With the exception of the recent rise in gun crime, politics in Ireland has not concerned itself very much with firearms since the
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regulations and if they also meet minimum barrel and overall length requirements and maximum magazine capacity requirements.
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event that involves shooting). Newer entry points including corporate shooting events and "tryout days" for events like
507:
This ban was fought by the various governing bodies of shooting sports in Ireland, with the end result as of 2011 that
379:
since 2003 have received the reply that it would take a disproportionate amount of manpower to discover the number ).
1561:
1485:
527:) instituted the Firearms Consultation Panel, a panel chaired by the Minister through the Principal Officer of the
114:
The requirements the applicant must meet are set forth in section 4 of the Firearms Act and include, among others:
702:"Dunne & ors -v- Donohoe & ors : Judgments & Determinations : Courts Service of Ireland"
215:
Not a firearm (a category which applies to airsoft replicas as well as the obvious cases like children's toys)
62:. Firearms do not have widespread visibility in most of Irish life outside farming and the shooting sports.
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limit of 16.27 Joules (12 foot-pounds) for air rifles and 8.13 Joules (6 foot-pounds) for air pistols).
86:
59:
571:
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shooting) is banned in Ireland under section 4C of the Firearms Act except for when carried out with
89:
in Ireland. Firearms generally require a firearms certificate (commonly referred to as a licence) in
51:
issues, those under the age of fifteen years and those who are under the supervision of the police
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421:
332:
Crossbows may be licensed as restricted firearms; other kinds of bow do not require a licence.
74:
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A safe location in which to use the firearm (for target shooting, this must be an authorised
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One of the most controversial events in the history of the Firearms Acts occurred in 1972.
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That granting the certificate would not result in a danger to the public or to the peace.
1101:
465:
358:
246:
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157:"any form of activity in which firearms are used to simulate combat or combat training"
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have appeared in recent years but have not yet eclipsed the more established channels.
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238:
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48:
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335:
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of 1 Joule was introduced (in contrast to the European norm of 7.5 Joules and the
754:"Dáil Éireann (29th Dáil) – Wednesday, 29 Jun 2005 – Houses of the Oireachtas"
508:
70:
806:"Dáil Éireann (29th Dáil) – Tuesday, 14 Dec 2004 – Houses of the Oireachtas"
780:"Dáil Éireann (27th Dáil) – Tuesday, 20 Feb 1996 – Houses of the Oireachtas"
532:
250:
44:
36:
266:
1271:"Proposed Legislation: 3 Dec 2008: Written answers (KildareStreet.com)"
468:
457:
313:
242:
168:
90:
25:
20:
1313:
404:
of the firearms act by one party or the other, and in one such case -
1246:"Firearms Licences: 22 Apr 2009: Written answers (KildareStreet.com)"
1196:"Licensed Firearms: 22 Sep 2009: Written answers (KildareStreet.com)"
294:
and .177 air pistols may be licensed if they conform to the relevant
287:
66:
256:
Prohibited firearms are defined in Section 1 of the firearms act as
190:
anyone not resident in Ireland for six months before the application
515:
pistols not licensed prior to 17 November 2008 cannot be licensed.
362:
the Firearms Range Inspector under section 4A of the Firearms Act.
146:
Permission for the Gardaí to access the applicants medical records.
461:
306:
511:
and small-bore pistols may still be licensed in Ireland, but all
1171:"Crime Levels: 27 Jan 2005: Written answers (KildareStreet.com)"
487:
1317:
261:; this is interpreted to include devices such as pepper spray.
1221:"Crime Levels.: 27 May 2009: Dáil debates (KildareStreet.com)"
1124:"S.I. No. 187/1972 – Firearms (Temporary Custody) Order, 1972"
444:
1972 Temporary Custody Order and pistols in Irish firearms law
985:"Firearms (Firearm Certificates For Non-Residents) Act, 2000"
253:
markers remain legally classified as firearms in Ireland.
16:
Overview of the firearms policy in the Republic of Ireland
1007:"recommend that all the extant legislation be "restated""
1080:"Criminal Justice (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2009"
478:
This situation continued until the late 1990s, when
1626:
1605:
1499:
1433:
1367:
1351:
490:hunting on humane grounds (prior to this, only the
118:A good reason for wanting the firearm. Hunting and
69:, college clubs and the Irish Pony Club (who run a
486:were permitted to be licensed for the purposes of
1030:
1028:
187:anyone of "unsound mind" or "intemperate habits"
134:Firearms (Secure Accommodation) Regulations 2009
804:Oireachtas, Houses of the (14 December 2004).
778:Oireachtas, Houses of the (20 February 1996).
529:Department of Justice, Equality and Law Reform
193:anyone convicted of certain specified offences
1329:
1146:"Refusal to grant firearms permit is quashed"
8:
1296:"Homes, pubs could be bugged under new bill"
211:Irish law has four categories for firearms:
963:"Firearms (Temporary Provisions) Act, 1998"
831:"Firearms (Temporary Provisions) Act, 1924"
155:Practical and dynamic shooting (defined as
1336:
1322:
1314:
941:"Firearms and Offensive Weapons Act, 1990"
752:Oireachtas, Houses of the (29 June 2005).
386:History of firearms legislation in Ireland
159:under the law but applying in practice to
339:and effectiveness for civilian purposes.
237:were identical. Following 2006, a lower
726:Book (eISB), electronic Irish Statute.
674:Book (eISB), electronic Irish Statute.
648:Book (eISB), electronic Irish Statute.
622:Book (eISB), electronic Irish Statute.
596:Book (eISB), electronic Irish Statute.
570:(eISB), electronic Irish Statute Book.
562:
305:all Bolt Action and semi auto rim fire
877:. Irishstatutebook.ie. 28 January 1964
728:"electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB)"
676:"electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB)"
650:"electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB)"
624:"electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB)"
598:"electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB)"
572:"electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB)"
7:
1126:. Irishstatutebook.ie. 5 August 1972
436:for a period of up to three months.
1038:. Irishstatutebook.ie. 16 July 2006
965:. Irishstatutebook.ie. 13 July 1998
943:. Irishstatutebook.ie. 12 June 1990
833:. Irishstatutebook.ie. 5 April 1924
1060:. Irishstatutebook.ie. 30 May 2006
987:. Irishstatutebook.ie. 5 July 2000
921:. Irishstatutebook.ie. 6 July 1971
899:. Irishstatutebook.ie. 3 July 1968
855:. Irishstatutebook.ie. 6 June 1925
14:
420:(Irish court rules do not permit
320:Suppressors (also referred to as
354:Authorisation of shooting ranges
1102:"Ministerial Briefing document"
897:"Firearms (Proofing) Act, 1968"
296:International Olympic Committee
1660:Law of the Republic of Ireland
1009:. Lawreform.ie. Archived from
551:Overview of gun laws by nation
546:Law of the Republic of Ireland
1:
408:, the presiding judge stated
700:Ireland, Courts Service of.
184:anyone under 16 years of age
1058:"Criminal Justice Act 2007"
1036:"Criminal Justice Act 2006"
519:Firearms consultation panel
471:to be surrendered to local
1676:
1298:. RTÉ.ie. 18 November 2008
149:Two character references.
283:The legal firearms are:
30:107th most armed country
1655:Firearms law by country
292:semi-automatic pistols
1082:. Irishstatutebook.ie
418:Department of Justice
87:right to own firearms
60:Good Friday Agreement
919:"Firearms Act, 1971"
875:"Firearms Act, 1964"
853:"Firearms Act, 1925"
218:Unrestricted firearm
110:General requirements
1345:Gun laws by country
732:Irishstatutebook.ie
680:Irishstatutebook.ie
654:Irishstatutebook.ie
628:Irishstatutebook.ie
602:Irishstatutebook.ie
576:Irishstatutebook.ie
1013:on 7 February 2011
482:of calibres up to
422:class action suits
406:McCarron-v-Kearney
312:All non-automatic
224:Prohibited firearm
221:Restricted firearm
1642:
1641:
1275:Kildarestreet.com
1250:Kildarestreet.com
1225:Kildarestreet.com
1200:Kildarestreet.com
1175:Kildarestreet.com
492:.22–250 cartridge
75:Modern Pentathlon
19:Irish law allows
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525:Michael McDowell
454:Northern Ireland
440:specific cases.
343:Starting pistols
326:sound moderators
290:single-shot and
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1562:North Macedonia
1511:Czech Republic
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1150:The Irish Times
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1359:South Africa
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1104:. Justice.ie
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1015:. Retrieved
1011:the original
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450:The Troubles
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427:Alan Shatter
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336:Night vision
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85:There is no
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1618:New Zealand
1582:Switzerland
1515:Current law
1486:Philippines
1302:14 November
1130:14 November
1108:14 November
1086:14 November
1064:14 November
1042:14 November
1017:14 November
991:14 November
969:14 November
947:14 November
925:14 November
903:14 November
881:14 November
859:14 November
837:14 November
581:14 November
176:Eligibility
1649:Categories
1466:Kazakhstan
1441:Azerbaijan
557:References
513:centerfire
401:High Court
370:Statistics
241:limit for
233:to a 20mm
71:tetrathlon
1613:Australia
1552:Lithuania
1425:Venezuela
1395:Guatemala
1375:Argentina
1280:8 January
1255:8 January
1230:8 January
1205:8 January
1180:8 January
1155:8 January
815:8 January
789:8 January
763:8 January
737:8 January
711:8 January
706:Courts.ie
685:8 January
659:8 January
633:8 January
607:8 January
533:insurance
411:violence.
322:silencers
267:crossbows
251:Paintball
171:replicas.
105:Licensing
1481:Pakistan
1400:Honduras
1368:Americas
540:See also
460:and all
393:restated
349:succeed.
329:licence.
314:shotguns
1606:Oceania
1592:Ukraine
1542:Ireland
1537:Germany
1527:Finland
1520:History
1507:Austria
1476:Lebanon
1420:Uruguay
1405:Jamaica
469:calibre
458:pistols
243:airguns
169:airsoft
91:Ireland
28:is the
26:Ireland
21:firearm
1587:Turkey
1577:Russia
1572:Poland
1567:Norway
1532:France
1500:Europe
1471:Kuwait
1456:Israel
1410:Mexico
1385:Canada
1380:Brazil
1352:Africa
462:rifles
434:Gardaí
307:rifles
288:.22 LR
67:family
45:Gardaí
37:Gardaí
1627:Other
1557:Malta
1547:Italy
1491:Yemen
1461:Japan
1451:India
1446:China
1390:Chile
464:over
259:thing
1434:Asia
1304:2011
1282:2019
1257:2019
1232:2019
1207:2019
1182:2019
1157:2019
1132:2011
1110:2011
1088:2011
1066:2011
1044:2011
1019:2011
993:2011
971:2011
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927:2011
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883:2011
861:2011
839:2011
817:2019
791:2019
765:2019
739:2019
713:2019
687:2019
661:2019
635:2019
609:2019
583:2017
488:deer
377:Dáil
279:law.
165:IDPA
163:and
161:IPSC
509:air
466:.22
452:in
324:or
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