144:
110:
1016:
62:
1066:
1042:
1078:
126:. Largely made up of wooden tenements, fire was a frequent occurrence in the city. Rumor blamed the tragedy on the unpopular emperor Nero, who wanted to enlarge his palace. He accused the Christians. According to the historian Tacitus, many Christians were put to death "not so much of the crime of firing the city, as of hatred against mankind."
1054:
131:
mingled with the people in the dress of a charioteer or stood aloft on a car. Hence, even for criminals who deserved extreme and exemplary punishment, there arose a feeling of compassion; for it was not, as it seemed, for the public good, but to glut one man's cruelty, that they were being destroyed.
151:
This feast first came into the
General Roman Calendar in the 1969 calendar reforms. The intention of the feast is to give a general celebration of early Roman martyrs. Prior to the calendar reforms, there were dozens of relatively minor Roman martyrs celebrated or commemorated in the calendar.
130:
Covered with the skins of beasts, they were torn by dogs and perished, or were nailed to crosses, or were doomed to the flames and burnt, to serve as a nightly illumination, when daylight had expired. Nero offered his gardens for the spectacle, and was exhibiting a show in the circus, while he
160:, partially enacting the Second Vatican Council's call for the Proper of Time to take a greater precedence. All of the early Roman martyrs retain their place in the Martyrology and can be celebrated in local calendars or privately unless impeded by a greater observance.
152:
Several of these had scant historical evidence, but did benefit from immemorial tradition. This feast is a replacement for the many Roman martyr feasts, whose absence allowed for a less cluttered and more "
167:, who are the principal patron saints of Rome. The subsequent martyrs are associated with this patronage. The feast day was formerly occupied with a Commemoration of St. Paul, and fell in the
102:
There were early
Christians in Rome within a dozen or so years after the death of Jesus, though they were not the converts of Paul. He had not yet visited them at the time he wrote his
1103:
635:
990:
289:
187:
749:
311:
1113:
529:
175:
1098:
599:
420:
95:
ordered all the Jews to leave the city. Suetonius mentions this as due to disturbances in the city between the Jews and the followers of "
1108:
623:
611:
348:
153:
282:
408:
963:
426:
364:
355:
143:
819:
438:
164:
978:
414:
1032:
275:
985:
257:
482:
432:
733:
402:
359:
55:
995:
973:
745:
564:
559:
382:
373:
1019:
554:
472:
331:
103:
47:
509:
368:
1009:
968:
728:
499:
467:
225:
84:
58:
celebrates them on 30 June in its liturgical calendar as pre-1054 East-West Schism
Western saints
938:
549:
1070:
795:
705:
693:
670:
534:
444:
386:
123:
71:
51:
156:" based sanctoral calendar of more major saints. It also permitted the greater celebration of
109:
66:
1058:
827:
616:
592:
544:
168:
88:
895:
852:
842:
837:
790:
784:
720:
640:
877:
847:
832:
774:
764:
699:
682:
524:
377:
43:
19:
1092:
1046:
912:
769:
652:
574:
514:
477:
1082:
900:
872:
802:
494:
459:
338:
306:
298:
61:
958:
932:
925:
918:
905:
890:
885:
604:
587:
539:
1065:
779:
660:
24:
807:
206:
628:
582:
519:
343:
327:
92:
676:
665:
504:
39:
687:
96:
27:
157:
142:
106:
in 57-58 AD. Paul wrote to a community of both Jews and
Gentiles.
335:
35:
31:
271:
267:
226:
Foley O.F.M., Leonard. "First
Martyrs of the Church of Rome",
91:
met in
Corinth. They had lived in Rome until the emperor
1030:
230:, (revised by Pat McCloskey O.F.M.), Franciscan Media
38:'s persecution in 64. The event is recorded by both
991:
Conference of the Latin
Bishops of the Arab Regions
951:
865:
818:
757:
744:
719:
651:
573:
458:
395:
320:
305:
163:The placement of the feast is directly after the
135:Peter and Paul were probably among the victims.
83:Rome had a large Jewish population. The couple,
209:mentions this expulsion of the Jews from Rome (
283:
188:Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire
178:in Rome is dedicated to these first martyrs.
147:Santi Protomartiri a Via Aurelia Antica, Rome
8:
1104:Groups of Christian martyrs of the Roman era
113:"Christian Dirce", Henryk Siemiradzki, 1897
46:, among others. They are celebrated in the
815:
754:
570:
317:
290:
276:
268:
228:Saint of the Day, Lives, Lessons and Feast
239:
237:
122:In July of 64 AD, Rome was devastated by
108:
60:
1037:
221:
219:
199:
176:Santi Protomartiri a Via Aurelia Antica
87:, were tent makers from Pontus, whom
7:
349:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
14:
1076:
1064:
1052:
1040:
1015:
1014:
1114:Groups of Roman Catholic saints
964:Latin Church in the Middle East
165:Solemnity of SS Peter and Paul
1:
1099:1st-century Christian martyrs
258:"Santi Protomartiri Romani"
99:". Claudius died in 54 AD.
1130:
1109:Groups of Christian saints
1004:
986:Eastern Catholic Churches
734:Liturgical use of Latin
360:Pierbattista Pizzaballa
996:Western Rite Orthodoxy
636:Santiago de Compostela
565:1983 Code of Canon Law
540:Protestant Reformation
483:Historical development
171:of SS Peter and Paul.
148:
133:
114:
75:
1010:Doctors of the Church
473:History of the papacy
332:Patriarch of the West
146:
128:
112:
104:Epistle to the Romans
64:
48:Roman Catholic Church
18:First Martyrs of the
729:Ecclesiastical Latin
500:Early African church
468:Apostolic succession
85:Priscilla and Aquila
939:Pre-Tridentine Mass
550:Counter-Reformation
312:order of precedence
796:Extraordinary form
706:Isidore of Seville
694:Augustine of Hippo
671:Hilary of Poitiers
387:Francesco Moraglia
369:Filipe Neri Ferrão
149:
115:
76:
72:Henryk Siemiradzki
1028:
1027:
947:
946:
861:
860:
715:
714:
454:
453:
1121:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1069:
1068:
1057:
1056:
1055:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1036:
1018:
1017:
828:Benedictine Rite
816:
755:
746:Liturgical rites
571:
545:Council of Trent
530:Age of Discovery
510:East–West Schism
318:
292:
285:
278:
269:
262:
261:
260:. July 30, 2013.
254:
248:
241:
232:
223:
214:
204:
54:on 30 June. The
1129:
1128:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1077:
1075:
1063:
1053:
1051:
1041:
1039:
1031:
1029:
1024:
1000:
943:
933:Missa Venatoria
857:
853:Norbertine Rite
843:Cistercian Rite
838:Carthusian Rite
814:
791:Tridentine Mass
787:(Ordinary form)
785:Mass of Paul VI
750:Liturgical days
748:
740:
711:
647:
569:
450:
391:
352:
309:
301:
296:
266:
265:
256:
255:
251:
242:
235:
224:
217:
205:
201:
196:
184:
141:
120:
81:
56:Orthodox Church
50:as an optional
30:in the city of
12:
11:
5:
1127:
1125:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1073:
1061:
1049:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1022:
1012:
1005:
1002:
1001:
999:
998:
993:
988:
983:
982:
981:
976:
971:
961:
955:
953:
949:
948:
945:
944:
942:
941:
936:
929:
922:
915:
910:
909:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
880:
878:Aquileian Rite
875:
869:
867:
863:
862:
859:
858:
856:
855:
850:
848:Dominican Rite
845:
840:
835:
833:Carmelite Rite
830:
824:
822:
813:
812:
811:
810:
805:
800:
799:
798:
788:
777:
775:Mozarabic Rite
772:
767:
765:Ambrosian Rite
761:
759:
752:
742:
741:
739:
738:
737:
736:
725:
723:
717:
716:
713:
712:
710:
709:
703:
700:Pope Gregory I
697:
691:
685:
683:Pope Damasus I
680:
674:
668:
663:
657:
655:
653:Church Fathers
649:
648:
646:
645:
644:
643:
633:
632:
631:
621:
620:
619:
609:
608:
607:
597:
596:
595:
590:
579:
577:
575:Apostolic sees
568:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
525:Western Schism
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
486:
485:
480:
470:
464:
462:
456:
455:
452:
451:
449:
448:
442:
436:
430:
424:
421:Constantinople
418:
412:
406:
399:
397:
393:
392:
390:
389:
380:
371:
362:
353:
324:
322:
315:
303:
302:
297:
295:
294:
287:
280:
272:
264:
263:
249:
233:
215:
198:
197:
195:
192:
191:
190:
183:
180:
174:The church of
140:
137:
119:
116:
80:
77:
67:Nero's Torches
44:Pope Clement I
20:Church of Rome
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1126:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1084:
1074:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1060:
1050:
1048:
1038:
1034:
1021:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1006:
1003:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
966:
965:
962:
960:
957:
956:
954:
950:
940:
937:
935:
934:
930:
928:
927:
923:
921:
920:
919:Missa Nautica
916:
914:
913:Gallican Rite
911:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
883:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
870:
868:
864:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
825:
823:
821:
817:
809:
806:
804:
801:
797:
794:
793:
792:
789:
786:
783:
782:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
770:Rite of Braga
768:
766:
763:
762:
760:
756:
753:
751:
747:
743:
735:
732:
731:
730:
727:
726:
724:
722:
718:
707:
704:
701:
698:
695:
692:
689:
686:
684:
681:
678:
675:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
658:
656:
654:
650:
642:
639:
638:
637:
634:
630:
627:
626:
625:
622:
618:
615:
614:
613:
610:
606:
603:
602:
601:
598:
594:
591:
589:
586:
585:
584:
581:
580:
578:
576:
572:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
515:Scholasticism
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
490:First Martyrs
488:
484:
481:
479:
478:Papal primacy
476:
475:
474:
471:
469:
466:
465:
463:
461:
457:
446:
443:
440:
437:
434:
431:
428:
425:
422:
419:
416:
413:
410:
407:
404:
401:
400:
398:
394:
388:
384:
381:
379:
375:
372:
370:
366:
363:
361:
357:
354:
350:
346:
345:
340:
337:
333:
329:
326:
325:
323:
319:
316:
313:
308:
307:Patriarchates
304:
300:
293:
288:
286:
281:
279:
274:
273:
270:
259:
253:
250:
246:
240:
238:
234:
231:
229:
222:
220:
216:
212:
208:
203:
200:
193:
189:
186:
185:
181:
179:
177:
172:
170:
166:
161:
159:
155:
145:
138:
136:
132:
127:
125:
117:
111:
107:
105:
100:
98:
94:
90:
86:
78:
73:
69:
68:
63:
59:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
26:
22:
21:
979:Titular sees
931:
924:
917:
896:Hereford Use
873:African Rite
803:Anglican Use
495:Great Church
489:
342:
299:Latin Church
252:
244:
227:
210:
202:
173:
162:
150:
134:
129:
121:
101:
82:
65:
17:
15:
1071:Catholicism
959:Latin cross
926:Missa sicca
891:Durham Rite
886:Celtic Rite
441:(1555–1663)
429:(1524–1963)
427:West Indies
423:(1204–1964)
417:(1098–1964)
411:(1276–1964)
378:Rui Valério
365:East Indies
154:dies natale
1093:Categories
780:Roman Rite
661:Tertullian
560:Vatican II
447:(560–1451)
435:(560–1751)
409:Alexandria
139:Veneration
79:Background
25:Christians
1059:Biography
901:Sarum Use
808:Zaire Use
555:Vatican I
356:Jerusalem
243:Tacitus,
207:Suetonius
1020:Category
952:See also
906:York Use
882:British
721:Language
629:Barnabas
600:Syracuse
535:Humanism
520:Crusades
439:Ethiopia
433:Aquileia
405:(?−1964)
403:Carthage
344:cathedra
211:Claudius
182:See also
97:Christus
93:Claudius
52:memorial
28:martyred
1033:Portals
1008:* also
866:Defunct
758:Current
677:Ambrose
666:Cyprian
505:Vulgate
460:History
415:Antioch
396:Defunct
339:Francis
321:Current
118:History
40:Tacitus
34:during
1047:Saints
974:Turkey
969:Latins
820:Orders
688:Jerome
383:Venice
374:Lisbon
341:(with
247:XV, 44
245:Annals
169:Octave
158:ferias
74:, 1876
1083:Italy
641:James
624:Milan
612:Malta
605:Peter
588:Peter
445:Grado
213:25.4)
194:Notes
23:were
617:Paul
593:Paul
583:Rome
336:Pope
334:'):
328:Rome
310:(by
124:fire
89:Paul
42:and
36:Nero
32:Rome
16:The
347:in
1095::
385::
376::
367::
358::
330:('
236:^
218:^
70:,
1035::
708:*
702:*
696:*
690:*
679:*
673:*
351:)
314:)
291:e
284:t
277:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
