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companies, nearly surrounded by the enemy held its entire force at bay for a considerable time & till it retired on the approach of the reserve the charge successfully accomplished its object. It saved this position & probably the battlefield. The loss of the eight companies in the charge was 215 killed & wounded. More than 82% percent. 47 men were still in line & no man missing. In self sacrificing desperate valor this charge has no parallel in any war. Among the severely wounded were Col. Wm
Colvill, Lt Col. Chas P Adams & Maj. Mark W. Downie. Among the killed Capt. Joseph Periam, Capt. Louis Muller & Lt Waldo Farrar. The next day the regiment participated in repelling Pickett's charge losing 17 more men killed & wounded.
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800:'s Division. Although the regiment was outnumbered by a ratio of at least 5 to 1, charging was Hancock's only opportunity to buy time for Union reinforcements to arrive. One survivor stated afterward that he expected the advance to result in "death or wounds to us all". The regiment immediately obeyed the order and Hancock was amazed at the unit discipline, valor, and the tremendous casualties taken in carrying out his order. This action blunted the Confederate attack and helped preserve the Union's precarious position on
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92:"FIRST MINNESOTA VOLUNTEERS." Two gold shields list the battles fought by the 1st Minnesota before April of 1863. The Regimental Banner should not be confused with the Regiment’s Battle Flag, which was the U.S. flag with the letters "M" and "N" sewn in gold fabric across the stripes. It should also not be confused with the Flag of Minnesota which did not have its first version adopted until 1883 and was later revised on three other occasions.
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and asserted that " 215 lay upon the field." Conducting an enumeration by individual names in 1982, Robert W. Meinhard of Winona State
University accounted for only 179 (68.3%) casualties for the single day of July 2, 1863. Whether Meinhard's and Lochren's conclusions are based upon the exact same records is unknown; accounting for the disputed 36 (=215-179) men remains unresolved.
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nearly encircled by enemy troops, Union reinforcements arrived in time to allow some of the men to make a fighting withdrawal. Their selfless charge bought the Union the time it needed for reinforcements to be brought up. During the charge, 215 of the 262 who made the charge became casualties within five minutes. That included the unit commander, Col.
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gallantry to the famed assault stating: "There is no more gallant deed recorded in history." Emphasizing the critical nature of the circumstances on July 2 at
Gettysburg, President Coolidge considered: "Colonel Colvill and those eight companies of the First Minnesota are entitled to rank as the saviors of their country."
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retired from the field in good order. The other two regiments of the brigade retired in confusion, and no efforts of myself or staff were successful in rallying them. I respectfully refer you to
Colonel Gorman's report for the account of his regiment's behavior and of the good conduct of his officers and men.
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Every man realized in an instant what that order meant. Death or wounds to us all—the sacrifice of the regiment to gain a few minutes time and save the position and probably the battlefield, and every man saw and accepted the necessity for that sacrifice, and responding to
Colvill's rapid orders the
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The 215 casualty figure is disputed. Morning muster on July 2 for companies A, B, D, E, G, H, I & K, involved in the assault, was 262 with the evening muster 47. To arrive at the casualty figure of 215, the
Regimental Historian (Lt. Wm. Lochren) subtracted the muster figures (262-47=215)(82.1%)
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The order was instantly repeated by Col. Wm
Colvill. And the charge was instantly made down the slope at full speed through the concentrated fire of the two brigades breaking with the bayonet the enemy's front line as it was crossing the small brook in the low ground there the remnant of the eight
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The
Regimental Banner of the 1st Minnesota Volunteer Infantry Regiment consists of one layer of blue silk with a gold fringe border and the unofficial Minnesota state seal painted in the center with the Minnesota State Motto over it in gold pigment. Beneath the seal is a painted red ribbon reading
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ill-fated assault on the West Woods, the regiment suffered significant casualties (1 officer killed, 3 officers wounded, 15 enlisted killed, 79 enlisted wounded, 24 enlisted missing, for a total of 122 of 435 engaged) as Union forces were routed on that part of the field. The brigade commander
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what unit the troops belonged to. Colvill responded "the 1st
Minnesota", to which Hancock responded "Attack that line!" With their bayonets leveled, the Minnesotans broke the first lines. The intensity of their charge disrupted the Southern forces' advances. Just before the 1st Minnesota became
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The First
Minnesota Regiment moved from its position on the left of the field to the support of Ricketts' battery, and gallantly engaged the enemy at that point. It was so near the enemy's lines that friends and foes were for a time confounded. The regiment behaved exceedingly well, and finally
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were unrestrained in their praise for the actions of the 1st Minnesota. Gen. Hancock, who witnessed the action firsthand, placed its heroism highest in the annals of war: "No soldiers on any field, in this or any other country ever displayed grander heroism." Gen. Hancock ascribed unsurpassed
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This struggle at the foot of the hill on which were the enemy's batteries, though so unequal, was continued for some thirty minutes. With a second supporting line, the heights could have been carried. Without support on either my right or left, my men were withdrawn, to prevent their entire
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Carrying on from the heavy losses of the previous day, the remaining men of the 1st Minn. were reinforced by detached Companies F and L. The reunited regiment was moved a bit north of the previous day's fight to one of the few places where Union lines were breached during
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As his men were passing here in confused retreat, two Confederate brigades in pursuit were crossing the swale. To gain time to bring up the reserves & save this position, Gen Hancock in person ordered the eight companies to charge the rapidly advancing enemy.
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The 1st Minnesota's flag lost five flag bearers, each man dropping his weapon to carry it on. The 47 survivors rallied back to General Hancock under the command of their senior surviving officer, Captain Nathan S. Messick. The 82% casualty rate stands as the
467:. Two days later, the Adjutant General of Minnesota, William H. Acker, issued an order for Minnesota's Commissary General, H. Z. Mitchell, to enlist men for Minnesota's 1st Regiment. Word spread and communities in Minnesota quickly raised companies of
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The 1st Minnesota Infantry suffered the loss of 10 officers and 177 enlisted men killed in action or who later died of their wounds, plus another 2 officers and 97 enlisted men who died of disease, for a total of 286 fatalities and 609 wounded.
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On the afternoon of July 2, 1863 Sickles' Third Corps, having advanced from this line to the Emmitsburg Road, eight companies of the First Minnesota Regiment, numbering 262 men were sent to this place to support a battery upon Sickles repulse.
870:, to the support of their fleeing comrades and for the defense of the batteries. Seeing this contest so unequal, I dispatched my adjutant-general to the division commander, to ask that support be sent to my men, but no support came.
913:. They again had to charge into advancing Confederate troops with more losses. Capt. Messick was killed and Capt. W. B. Farrell mortally wounded, and Capt. Henry C. Coates had to take command. During this charge, Private
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in close proximity to the enemy. The 1st Minnesota was one of the last regiments to leave the battlefield and suffered among the highest casualties of any northern regiment: 49 killed, 107 wounded and 34 missing.
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destruction or capture. The enemy did not pursue, but my men retired under a heavy artillery fire, and returned to their original position in line, and bivouacked for the night, pickets being left on the pike.
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1278:"Report of Brig. Gen. Willis A. Gorman, U.S. Army, Commanding First Brigade, of the Battle of Antietam SEPTEMBER 3-20, 1862.-The Maryland Campaign. O.R.-- SERIES I--VOLUME XIX/1 [S# 27]"
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ordered the 1st Minnesota to charge into a brigade of 1200 Confederate soldiers. This action blunted the Confederate attack and helped preserve the Union's precarious position on
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1st Minnesota Casualties, The Goodhue Volunteer, July 22, 1863, p.3, Minnesota Digital Newspaper Hub, 2023, Minnesota historical Socieety, 345 Kellogg Blvd, St. Paul, Mn
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repeatedly picked up the fallen colors of the 1st Minnesota and carried a wounded comrade back to the Union lines. He was also awarded the Medal of Honor for his heroism.
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Jorgenson, Wayne D., "Every Man Did His Duty, Pictures and Stories of the Men of the First Minnesota". Minneapolis, MN., Tesora Books, 2012, {ISBN 978-1-934690-56-7}
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Josias Redgate King of the St. Paul Pioneer Guard is credited as being the first northern volunteer to stand to for Lincoln's call for men to fight the Confederacy.
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noted, "The First Minnesota Regiment fired with so much coolness and accuracy that they brought down of the enemy's flags, and finally cut the flag-staff in two."
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Please remove or replace such wording and instead of making proclamations about a subject's importance, use facts and attribution to demonstrate that importance.
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During the 1st Minnesota Infantry's initiation to combat, its honorable conduct was readily distinguishable from that of the other regiments in its brigade:
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breaching the line in front of one of his batteries. Hancock quickly rode up to the troops guarding the battery and asked Colonel
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regiment in perfect line, with arms at right shoulder shift was in a moment down that slope directly upon the enemy's center.
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Hush - What Was the Civil War Really About - A documentary about the 1st Minnesota Volunteer Infantry and the Civil War
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ordered the 1st Minnesota, composed of roughly 250 men, to charge into a brigade of roughly 1,200 men belonging to
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to be mustered into the regiment on April 29. These companies were the first troops offered by any state to meet
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Campaigns. The 1st Minnesota mustered at Fort Snelling on April 29, 1864. Many soldiers continued service as the
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Three several times did this last of the enemy's lines attempt to drive my men back, and were as often repulsed.
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428:. It was worn by Sergeant Chesley Billings Tirrell of Company C. The officers version was nickel plated. The
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From the Journal of Sgt. Sam Bloomer, 1st Minnesota Volunteer Infantry Company B, Dec. 24, 1861-Jan. 9, 1862
1188:"Report of Col. Willis A. Gorman, First Minnesota Infantry; O.R.–SERIES I–VOLUME 51 Part 1 [S# 107]"
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latest, St. Cloud Democrat, April 18, 1861, p.3 Image 3, Chronciling American, Library of Congress, 2023,
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History of the First Regiment Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, 1861-1864: with maps and illustrations (1916)
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King, Josias R. (1832–1916), MNopedia, Brian Leehan, Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul, Minnesota
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perceived the inequality of the fight differently (bold emphasis likely refers to the First Minnesota):
1210:"Report of Col. William B. Franklin, Twelfth U. S. Infantry, Commanding First Brigade, Third Division"
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Lieutenant William Lochren's account of the First Minnesota at Gettysburg, read January 14, 1890.
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for duty. It was mustered out of service upon completion of its enlistment on July 15, 1865 .
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The bayonet charge by the 1st Minnesota regiment against a Confederate brigade on July 2, 1863
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From the Journal of Sgt. Sam Bloomer, 1st Minnesota Volunteer Infantry April 29 - May 3, 1861
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1530:"Address Dedicating a Memorial to Col. William Colvill, Cannon Falls, Minn. July 4, 1928"
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No soldiers on any field, in this or any other country, ever displayed grander heroism.
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when still another line of infantry descended the slope in our front at a double-quick
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After being knocked out by a bullet to the head and later shot in the hand, Corporal
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The First Volunteers: History of the first Minnesota Volunteer Regiment, 1861-1865
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1452:"150 Years After Gettysburg, Virginia and Minnesota Fight Over Confederate Flag"
773:, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, located on Cemetery Ridge, off South Hancock Avenue.
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http://sbv.hatinh.gov.vn/upload/tailieu/thuoc-chong-tram-cam-52-16280737159.htm
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National Guard Heritage Series Painting of the First Minnesota at Gettysburg.
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This stronghold of the enemy , together with his batteries, were almost won,
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The bridge that saved an Army: Grapevine Bridge and the Battle of Fair Oaks
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The Last Full Measure: The Life and Death of the First Minnesota Volunteers
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The Last Full Measure: The Life and Death of the First Minnesota Volunteers
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The Last Full Measure: The Life and Death of the First Minnesota Volunteers
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http://pyttkvtphcm.gov.vn/question/thuoc-chong-tram-cam-va-luu-y-khi-dung/
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Letter to Tom Harrison, Chief Historian, Gettysburg National Military Park
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for this exploit. The Confederate flag was taken back to Minnesota as a
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identified by locality. The companies trekked to the newly reactivated
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was the Corps emblem of the II Corps that the 1st Minn. was attached to.
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Minnesota Historical Society resources on Minnesota and the Civil War
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History of the First Regiment Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, 1861-1864
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History of the First Regiment Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, 1861-1864
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in a single day's engagement. The unit's colors are displayed in the
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First Minnesota, Co D ~ Lincoln Guards living history organization
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July 3 Monument to the 1st Minn. Reg., the Codori farmstead behind
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1379:. St. Paul, MN: Minnesota Historical Society Press. p. 275.
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Plain brass First Minnesota Volunteer Infantry badge worn on the
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about the First Minnesota are available for research use at the
1144:. St. Paul, MN: Minnesota Historical Society Press. p. 63.
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1514:. St. Paul, MN: Minnesota Historical Society. p. 311.
968:. On May 23-24, the 1st Minnesota Battalion marched in the
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heading south to a rail line, whereafter they headed east.
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1591:. St. Paul, MN: Minnesota Historical Society Press, 1993,
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Pale Horse at Plum Run: The First Minnesota at Gettysburg
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second largest loss by any surviving U.S military unit
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Photo of the Day: 1st Minnesota Monument at Gettysburg
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In his official report, Confederate Brigadier General
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The regiment's most famous action occurred during the
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Image of Colonel Colvill when he was still a Captain.
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Units and formations of the Union Army from Minnesota
1581:. Minneapolis: Ross & Haines, 1963. Out of print.
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Military units and formations disestablished in 1864
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There is no more gallant a deed recorded in history.
392:. The regiment's most famous action occurred on the
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1338:. Stillwater, MN: Easton & Masterman. pp.
1313:. Stillwater, MN: Easton & Masterman. pp.
1003:. The more grand of the two bears the inscription:
769:Monument to the 1st Minnesota Infantry Regiment at
380:. The 1st Minnesota participated in the battles of
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101:April 29, 1861, to April 2, 1864 (July 15, 1865 as
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854:of the Minnesota Capitol for public appreciation.
2374:Military units and formations established in 1861
1492:. New York: The Bobbs-Merrill Co., Inc. pp.
1353:Maciejewski, Jeffrey (July 2011). "Buying Time".
1107:Minnesota in the Civil and Indian Wars 1861-1865
376:was a Union infantry regiment active during the
1109:. St. Paul, Minn: Printed for the state by the
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976:In July, the 1st Minnesota Battalion moved to
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1637:1st Minnesota Regiment Monument at Gettysburg
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1303:(Speech). Gettysburg National Military Park.
1301:Dedicatory Address, First Minnesota Monument
1299:Lochren, Lieutenant William (July 2, 1897).
948:The 1st Minnesota continued to serve in the
195:McClellan's Operations in Northern Virginia
1190:. Bull Runnings. 2008-09-25. pp. 20–23
43:promotes the subject in a subjective manner
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1413:"Official Report, The Gettysburg Campaign"
447:when he first heard news of the attack on
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2261:Eastern Theater of the American Civil War
80:1st Minnesota Volunteer Infantry Regiment
65:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1619:Poem: The Charge of the First Minnesota
1440:at Gettysburg Discussion Group website)
1236:"Gorman's Brigade, Sedgwick's Division"
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1080:
463:, to offer 1,000 Minnesotan men to the
439:On April 14, 1861, Minnesota Governor
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1212:. Civil War Reference. Archived from
834:, and all but three of his captains.
479:'s call for 75,000 men to assist the
7:
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1276:Gorman, Brigadier General Willis A.
1257:"Col Alfred Sully's Official Report"
1029:First Minnesota Civil War drum, 1861
1368:Meinhard, Robert W. (20 May 1982),
999:Minnesota has two monuments at the
988:Post war, both General Hancock and
779:second day's fighting at Gettysburg
40:This article contains wording that
164:M1855 Springfield .58 Rifle-musket
160:M1842 Springfield .69 Rifle-musket
152:M1861 Springfield .58 Rifle-musket
45:without imparting real information
25:
1528:The American Presidency Project.
1475:First Minnesota Infantry Regiment
1064:List of Minnesota Civil War Units
1001:Gettysburg National Military Park
952:. In 1863 it participated in the
396:of the Battle of Gettysburg when
2369:1861 establishments in Minnesota
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2326:
2325:
1415:. Home of the American Civil War
962:1st Minnesota Infantry Battalion
156:M1842 Springfield .69 Smoothbore
114:
103:1st Minnesota Infantry Battalion
31:
1686:The First Minnesota in MNopedia
1510:Folwell, William Watts (1961).
691:2nd United States Sharpshooters
506:Primary Location of Recruitment
455:, to rush to the office of the
374:1st Minnesota Infantry Regiment
280:Second Battle of Fredericksburg
1512:A History of Minnesota, Vol II
892:taken by St. Paulite. Private
416:Organization and early service
1:
1610:Roster of the First Minnesota
1450:Resnick, Brian (2013-06-28).
1052:Minnesota Army National Guard
434:Minnesota Historical Society.
1656:Minnesota Historical Society
1411:Wilcox, Brig. Gen Cadmus M.
1332:Colville Commission (1916).
964:and went on to fight in the
601:or Goodhue County Volunteers
1307:Colvill Commission (1916).
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1208:Franklin, Col. William B.
970:Grand Review of the Armies
354:Colonel William J. Colvill
342:Colonel Napoleon J.T. Dana
276:Chancellorsville Campaign
241:Northern Virginia Campaign
222:Battle of Savage's Station
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2216:Army of Northern Virginia
2206:Medal of Honor recipients
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1771:
304:Battle of Bristoe Station
246:Second Battle of Bull Run
84:
806:second day of the battle
723:First Battle of Bull Run
633:Dakota County Volunteers
609:William J. Colvill, Jr.
451:causing him, along with
350:Colonel George N. Morgan
338:Colonel Willis A. Gorman
269:Battle of Fredericksburg
265:Fredericksburg Campaign
189:First Battle of Bull Run
1044:135th Infantry Regiment
749:General John Sedgwick's
717:On July 21, 1861, near
2301:Gettysburg Battlefield
1652:Manuscript collections
1486:Tucker, Glenn (1960).
1048:34th Infantry Division
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923:28th Virginia Infantry
917:of Company C captured
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786:Winfield Scott Hancock
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771:Gettysburg Battlefield
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401:Winfield Scott Hancock
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233:Battle of Malvern Hill
199:Battle of Ball's Bluff
2062:Joshua L. Chamberlain
2002:J. Johnston Pettigrew
1375:Moe, Richard (1993).
1255:Antietam on the Web.
1234:Antietam on the Web.
1140:Moe, Richard (1993).
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903:
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217:Battle of Seven Pines
2132:Gouverneur K. Warren
1069:28th Virginia Colors
978:Louisville, Kentucky
933:, where it remains.
890:28th Virginia Colors
642:Charles Powell Adams
390:Battle of Gettysburg
346:Colonel Alfred Sully
292:Battle of Gettysburg
2142:Army of the Potomac
2087:Winfield S. Hancock
1952:Richard H. Anderson
1947:E. Porter Alexander
1756:Gettysburg Campaign
1355:America's Civil War
1042:The 2nd Battalion,
966:Appomattox Campaign
950:Army of the Potomac
815:Winfield S. Hancock
798:Richard H. Anderson
599:Red Wing Volunteers
581:St. Anthony Zouaves
551:St. Paul Volunteers
543:Carlyle A. Bromley
287:Gettysburg Campaign
2254:Campaign geography
2092:Oliver Otis Howard
1719:2021-08-12 at the
1642:2016-09-27 at the
1577:Imholte, John Q.,
1489:Hancock the Superb
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906:
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804:at the end of the
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719:Manassas, Virginia
651:Wabasha Volunteers
481:Federal Government
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378:American Civil War
370:
316:Battle of Mine Run
259:Battle of Antietam
227:Battle of Glendale
206:Peninsula Campaign
179:American Civil War
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2117:Daniel E. Sickles
2102:Alfred Pleasonton
2007:George E. Pickett
1982:Allegheny Johnson
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1868:Artillery barrage
1781:Second Winchester
1550:"DCMemorials.com"
1038:Continued lineage
925:and received the
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669:Winona Volunteers
557:William H. Acker
509:Earliest Captain
483:to deal with the
453:Senator Wilkinson
359:
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311:Mine Run Campaign
254:Maryland Campaign
211:Siege of Yorktown
184:Manassas Campaign
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16:(Redirected from
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2107:John F. Reynolds
2082:George S. Greene
2067:George A. Custer
2022:Isaac R. Trimble
1997:W. Dorsey Pender
1992:Lafayette McLaws
1987:James Longstreet
1962:Richard S. Ewell
1863:Pickett's Charge
1853:Little Round Top
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1700:Internet Archive
1629:Leehan, Brian.
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727:Henry House Hill
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535:Stillwater Guard
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29:
28:
19:
2341:
2296:Pennsylvania
2235:Second Corps
2191:Iron Brigade
2127:George Sykes
2045:
1977:John B. Hood
1939:
1913:Manassas Gap
1898:Williamsport
1709:
1630:
1588:
1578:
1558:. Retrieved
1554:the original
1544:
1533:. Retrieved
1523:
1515:
1511:
1505:
1497:
1488:
1481:
1470:
1459:. Retrieved
1456:The Atlantic
1455:
1445:
1429:
1417:. Retrieved
1406:
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1369:
1363:
1354:
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1334:
1327:
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1309:
1300:
1294:
1284:27 September
1282:. Retrieved
1271:
1260:. Retrieved
1250:
1239:. Retrieved
1229:
1218:. Retrieved
1214:the original
1203:
1192:. Retrieved
1182:
1171:
1160:
1141:
1135:
1106:
1096:Bibliography
1083:
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776:
746:
736:
732:
716:
689:(Company A,
660:John H. Pell
493:
438:
373:
371:
271:(In Reserve)
235:(In Reserve)
168:Sharps Rifle
61:
52:
41:
2274:Susquehanna
2269:Monongahela
2240:Third Corps
2230:First Corps
2077:John Gibbon
2057:John Buford
1931:Confederate
1816:Hunterstown
1764:Engagements
585:St. Anthony
569:Minneapolis
489:river boats
449:Fort Sumter
248:(Rearguard)
175:Engagements
2358:Categories
2201:20th Maine
2039:commanders
1967:Henry Heth
1933:commanders
1835:Gettysburg
1796:Upperville
1791:Middleburg
1560:2007-07-07
1535:2012-09-10
1461:2024-07-03
1262:2012-08-04
1241:2012-08-04
1220:2012-09-27
1194:2011-09-26
1127:References
1021:Casualties
931:war trophy
919:the colors
756:Gettysburg
539:Stillwater
469:volunteers
465:Union Army
394:second day
334:commanders
327:Commanders
128:Allegiance
2186:XII Corps
2166:III Corps
1972:A.P. Hill
1908:Funkstown
1903:Boonsboro
1821:Fairfield
1419:25 August
1373:cited in
1305:Cited in
812:Maj. Gen.
621:Faribault
485:secession
148:Equipment
55:July 2023
2331:Category
2311:timeline
2306:template
2291:Maryland
2281:Virginia
2181:XI Corps
2176:VI Corps
2161:II Corps
1859:3rd day
1811:Carlisle
1717:Archived
1640:Archived
1119:7088819M
1058:See also
984:Post war
958:Mine Run
819:II Corps
743:Antietam
703:Counties
637:Hastings
605:Red Wing
554:St. Paul
521:St. Paul
388:and the
386:Antietam
142:Infantry
2342:Commons
2171:V Corps
2156:I Corps
1885:Retreat
1848:2nd day
1843:1st day
1806:Hanover
954:Bristoe
921:of the
852:rotunda
781:, when
747:During
655:Wabasha
500:Company
430:trefoil
411:History
332:Notable
110:Country
1595:
1438:MOLLUS
1383:
1148:
1117:
881:July 3
761:July 2
701:Steele
699:&
673:Winona
138:Branch
119:
98:Active
2037:Union
1786:Aldie
1357:: 50.
1075:Notes
794:corps
132:Union
1593:ISBN
1421:2012
1381:ISBN
1286:2012
1146:ISBN
956:and
796:and
697:Rice
426:kepi
372:The
1494:145
1340:345
1315:344
972:in
792:'s
2360::
1496:.
1454:.
1317:.
1115:OL
1113:.
1046:,
808:.
459:,
407:.
384:,
2223:)
2219:(
2149:)
2145:(
2049:/
1748:e
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1244:.
1223:.
1197:.
1154:.
1121:.
1050:(
693:)
682:L
666:K
648:I
630:H
614:G
596:F
578:E
562:D
548:C
532:B
514:A
105:)
68:)
62:(
57:)
53:(
47:.
20:)
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