606:. It will examine past and ongoing injustices to Victorian Aboriginal people resulting from colonisation, providing provide a culturally safe place in which Aboriginal Victorians and others can tell the truth about traumatic events that have happened and their effects, to identify systemic injustice in Victoria and propose reforms to end that injustice and to propose matters that might be included in Victoria's ongoing treaty-making processes. Its findings, scheduled to be reported by June 2024, will include recommendations for reform and redress, and will inform Victoria's Treaty negotiations.
401:(ATSIC) was established by the Hawke government on 5 March 1990 as an elected body which had responsibility for administering Indigenous programs and service delivery. It was successful in some areas as being a combined deliverer of services; however, low voter turnout for ATSIC elections, allegations of corruption and a lack of government support led to the demise of the organisation. A 2003 review recommended various reforms, including more control of the organisation by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people at a regional level. The
351:(DAA) and the Minister on issues of concern to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Its members were elected by Indigenous people, who had a turnout of 78% of the 36,338 people on its electoral roll, in November 1973. While it maintained a good relationship with Bryant, it had strong detractors in the DAA. The NACC saw itself as a legislative body, while the government expected them to be purely advisory, and this, along with other conflicts over the name, funding levels and control led to the end of the organisation. The
517:. 22 "General Members" are elected via optional preferential voting in 5 multi-member electorates (known as "Regions"). General Members receiving a sufficient quota in each Region are elected, with the lowest ranking male candidates excluded until at least 40% of the members elected to a region are non-male. 10 "Reserved Members" are appointed, with a member selected by each of the government recognised traditional owner groups. Additional Reserved Member seats may be granted by the assembly on application by an Aboriginal group.
879:. Any Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander person over the age of 18 living in the ACT is eligible to vote in ATSIEB elections. The most recent election was held in 2021 and had a turnout of 267 voters, only 2.8% of the territory's Indigenous population. This low turnout rate has been identified as key risk to the body's continuing effectiveness. Other challenges the body faces include a significant attrition rate in membership, inter-tribal conflict between the
429:(NIC), following a proposal earlier in the year. A government inquiry into the demise of ATSIC recommended in March 2005 "that the NIC be a temporary body, to exist only until a proper national, elected representative body is in place". The same inquiry found that, although the members were respected, there was absolutely no support for the institution; only the government regarded it as legitimate. In early 2008, the NIC was disbanded.
168:
505:, came to power promising to spend $ 5 million on consultation for a treaty process. However, following the defeat of the referendum, there has been no commitment to further action, with the premier stating in October 2023 that "ll we’re promising is to start that dialogue" and that any proposed further developments would be taken to an election before being implemented.
805:, voicing some concerns about aspects of the model, saying the proposal would bypass established individual native title groups' voices. Maher said later that their concerns would be taken into consideration, and the Voice would ensure the existence of a formal structure to take into account their views.
788:
for a bill which would be debated in parliament later in the year. The process would include the election of 40 people by
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people enrolled to vote for members specific to their geographic area, with 12 of these forming a statewide Voice, which would be entitled to
850:
A six member body "Aboriginal
Advisory group" was established in December 2022, to advise the Tasmanian Government on treaty and truth-telling. The body received criticism from other Tasmanian Aboriginal groups as not-representative of all Tasmanian Aboriginal people. Membership was appointed by the
712:
government initiated "Path to Treaty" process, an appointed
Interim Truth and Treaty Body was established in 2022, to advise the government on the creation of laws to facilitate treaty negotiations. These laws also set up a Truth-telling and Healing Inquiry and a Treaty Institute. After a criticised
559:
for
Aboriginal Australians in Victoria, the first ever in Australia, with the terms of reference to be worked out collaboratively. The 21 elected members of the assembly would consult with their communities and work with the Victoria Government to design the process. The announcement was welcomed by
834:
on 16 March 2024. Turnout was low, with less than 10% of eligible voters participating, which was the target of criticism by the
Liberal Party, who maintained it is open to repealing the state voice if elected. Kyam Maher described the election as successful, saying that the result provides a base
742:
The
Aboriginal Advisory Council of Western Australia is a statutory body that has operated since 1972 which advises the WA government (through the Minister for Aboriginal Affairs) on Aboriginal issues. While some have praised the effectiveness of the body, others have criticised it as a "toothless
528:
and the various
Aboriginal Peoples. It will also establish an independent umpire, the Treaty Authority, to oversee negotiations between Aboriginal groups and the Victoria Government and ensure fairness. It will also establish a fund to help negotiations are take place on an even financial footing
650:, in April 2021. A second block of hearings was scheduled for late May. Elders were invited to speak about their direct experiences and perspectives, based on their preparedness to tell their truths in a public setting. Others would be able to share their stories in submissions, or
725:
withdraw their support following the failure of the Voice to
Parliament referendum. While maintaining their commitment to the Truth-telling inquiry, the premier in response declared that any treaties would require bi-partisan support. On 1 May 2024, the LNP joined
1133:
380:
into the NAC in 1983, which found that the body was not held in high regard by the
Aboriginal community. After being starved of funds, some financial irregularities were found (attributed to inexperienced staff). The NAC was abolished by the
2286:
1558:
540:. It met for the first time on 10 December 2019, and again met over two days in February 2020. The assembly hopes to agree upon a framework, umpire and process before November 2022, the date of the next state election. The current
198:
275:
communities. The membership of these bodies is usually made up of representatives from a range of
Indigenous organisations and communities. The specific proposed roles and responsibilities of Indigenous advisory bodies varies.
871:
and the body is supported by a secretariat. Members work part time and are paid $ 15,000 for seven hours of work per week. The body also conducts senate style estimates, questioning the heads of government departments.
597:
to "formally recognise historical wrongs and ongoing injustices" against Aboriginal people. The commission was named the Yoorrook Justice Commission, and aims to establish an official public record of the experience of
677:
from 10 to 14 years of age, after finding that Aboriginal children were 21 times more likely to be in foster care in Victoria than non-Aboriginal children, and over the previous ten years, the rates of Aboriginal men
1949:
115:
1732:
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review of the body, which concluded that it had not functioned as a consultative committee nor been effective in providing advice to government or making its activities known to most Aboriginal people.
191:
120:
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1971:
973:
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184:
125:
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admitted to the commission that state systems had failed to properly monitor the progress of initiatives that are intended to help reduce the numbers of Indigenous children in state care,
2446:
1579:
3171:
1839:
867:) was established in 2008. As of 2023, ATSIEB has seven elected members, including a chairperson and deputy chairperson. Members of ATSIEB have portfolio responsibilities mirroring the
489:
restructured the body in early 2017, reducing its size to six members, and abolishing the role of chair. It was later given a pair of co-chairs. It held its last meeting in early 2019.
3082:
1809:
2854:
2416:
816:
773:
pledged to implement this state-based Voice to Parliament, as well as restarting treaty talks and greater investment in areas affecting Aboriginal people in the state. In July 2022
2394:
80:
3003:
2468:
830:
Implementation of the SA Voice was delayed for six months owing to possible confusion introduced by the debate about the national referendum on a national Voice in October.
453:
cut off its main funding stream in 2013. It went into voluntary administration in June 2019, before ceasing completely in October 2019. Calls for a new voice came from the
831:
752:
582:
570:
1722:
798:
449:
in November 2009, and was established as a body independent of government. Fewer than 10,000 Indigenous people signed up as members to elect congress delegates, and the
446:
1992:
3101:
398:
152:
3053:
1498:
409:
as Aboriginal Affairs Minister) decided not to implement these reforms however, instead abolishing ATSIC on 24 March 2005, with the support of the Labor party under
819:
announced its opposition to the proposed Voice, saying that it was flawed. The bill passed in a special Sunday sitting of parliament on 26 March 2023 and was given
470:
299:
is an unincorporated body that represents more than 80 Indigenous community groups and peak organisations across Australia. Under a partnership agreement with the
868:
777:
was appointed as the state's first Commissioner for First Nations Voice, with the role commencing in August and responsible for liaising with federal government.
32:
This article is about general Indigenous advisory bodies of the Commonwealth and state and territory governments. For bodies involved in treaty negotiations, see
311:
policies. It is the only federal body representing Indigenous Australian that advises the Commonwealth, and its role is limited to the Closing the Gap strategy.
1348:
918:
577:, declined to participate in the election process. On 3 August 2020, the assembly held its first official negotiation meeting with Aboriginal Affairs Minister
323:) was appointed by the federal government. Other state and territory Indigenous advisory bodies have also been established in some jurisdictions since 2008.
743:
tiger" that is unable to properly hold the government to account on Aboriginal issues. The body is appointed by the minister, after being "peer-nominated".
674:
108:
1024:
3241:
1654:
1599:
1169:
332:
1595:
1165:
968:
574:
541:
1400:
372:(NAC). Changes included a move to indirect voting of members through regional representatives, a lower budget and a more explicit advisory role. The
2763:
245:
2366:
3246:
2220:
1703:
2193:
2114:
2088:
1528:
1100:
1922:
1892:
1440:
1384:
1324:
344:
2904:
2527:
2710:
2166:
896:
766:
722:
2803:
2494:
2140:
2684:
2637:
2308:
1888:
2026:
1566:
962:
794:
556:
227:
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442:
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913:
300:
95:
73:
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among the various groups, and debate and decide which ideas, laws, policies and rights will be the subject of treaty negotiations.
2582:
929:
662:
348:
257:
90:
33:
2930:
2821:
1866:
827:. Thousands of onlookers attended the event, watching some of the events inside the building projected live onto large screens.
438:
2782:
2502:
537:
3192:
721:
appointed as commissioners to lead the truth telling inquiry. While these laws initially passed with bi-partisan support, the
2656:
562:
307:), Australian governments have promised to consult with the Coalition of Peaks in the creation, implementation and reform of
285:
236:
146:
51:
808:
731:
319:
Since 1973, there have been five national Indigenous bodies advising Australian governments. Four were elected and one (the
2057:
256:, and represent Indigenous interests in public debate. Other advisory bodies have been established in the context of state
2641:
1502:
762:
3025:
1918:
1214:"An ancient people struggling to find a modern voice – Experiences of Australia's Indigenous people with advisory bodies"
2960:
1680:
950:
727:
666:
594:
369:
304:
1950:"Former Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australian Government representative and advisory bodies: a quick guide"
839:
643:
426:
320:
249:
85:
838:
The inaugural meeting of the Voice held on 12 June 2024 elected Central region representative Tahlia Wanganeen and
1025:"Federal focus on the Voice to Parliament, while Treaty and Voice progress continues in the States and Territories"
824:
2849:
1605:
1533:
1432:
The role of the National Aboriginal Conference: report to the Hon. Clyde Holding, Minister for Aboriginal Affairs
1175:
908:
802:
691:
1755:
924:
264:
2804:"SA becomes first Australian jurisdiction to create First Nations Voice to Parliament as historic bill passes"
999:
1591:
1562:
1161:
223:
219:
2336:"In Victoria's truth-telling inquiry, the government admits its 'shame'. But Yoorrook wants something more"
2277:"Uncle Jack Charles makes history as first Indigenous elder to speak at Victorian truth-telling commission"
1632:
3083:"Mixed responses to Tasmanian Government's Aboriginal Advisory group to progress Truth-telling and Treaty"
3009:
2587:
1404:
709:
593:
In July 2020, the Victorian government became the first state or territory to commit to the creation of a
478:
272:
253:
215:
1926:
1896:
1843:
1813:
789:
address the parliament on any bill being debated. An open letter was sent in early January to Agius and
706:
687:
599:
549:
514:
241:
63:
17:
3102:"Tasmanian government Aboriginal advisory group's inaugural meeting questioned by community delegation"
713:
delay, on 26 April 2024 the laws were proclaimed to put them into effect, with Joshua Creamer (chair),
781:
elder Roger Thomas would continue as Commissioner for Aboriginal Engagement for a further six months.
2965:
2935:
2532:
2371:
2340:
1105:
940:
658:
533:
525:
2737:
2822:"Cheers and joy as South Australia becomes first state to legislate Indigenous voice to parliament"
2685:"South Australia set to get First Nations' Voice to Parliament after proposal wins Greens' support"
1789:
842:
representative Leeroy Bilney elected presiding members, who were delegated to speak to Parliament.
513:
The First Peoples' Assembly of Victoria is a body of 31 elected and appointed members representing
454:
231:
2961:"SA First Nations Voice election results show low turnout, but candidate urges 'give us a chance'"
1681:"Readings 15: National Congress of Australia's First Peoples: Working with Indigenous Australians"
240:, however similar bodies of various levels of independence have existed since the official end of
1727:
1295:
1241:
1213:
1137:
639:
626:
613:
603:
578:
497:
New South Wales has not committed to establishing a state voice to Parliament. The current Labor
336:
296:
1074:
774:
2309:"Director, Professor the Hon Kevin H Bell AM QC, appointed to the Yoo-rrook Justice Commission"
2194:"Victoria's First Peoples' Assembly holds first formal Aboriginal treaty talks with Government"
2141:"'We've got a lot of eyes watching us': The weight of expectation on Victoria's treaty process"
1952:. Research Paper Series, 2022–23. Department of Parliamentary Services, Parliament of Australia
2000:
1609:
1471:
1436:
1380:
1330:
1320:
1287:
1233:
1179:
955:
934:
785:
770:
450:
422:
402:
386:
352:
1835:
1463:
1401:"History of National Representative Bodies | National Congress of Australia's First Peoples"
1279:
1225:
670:
486:
382:
373:
172:
2931:"South Australian government pushes back state Voice to Parliament elections by six months"
2528:"WA already has a little-known voice to government, but not all agree on its effectiveness"
1723:"Closure of Aboriginal organisation means loss of First People's voice: former co-chairman"
1349:"Building a sustainable National Indigenous Representative Body – Issues for consideration"
1794:
1000:"What Indigenous Advisory Bodies Exist or Have Existed in Australia? What Have They Done?"
851:
minister, following nomination "by Tasmanian Aboriginal people, through an open process".
758:
714:
683:
406:
308:
1993:"NSW treaty will not progress beyond consultation until after election, Chris Minns says"
1268:"Australian Aboriginal Policy: Aboriginal Pressure Groups or Government Advisory Bodies?"
2905:"Voice to parliament: South Australia loses its Voice for six months to avoid confusion"
2367:"Victorian Aboriginal truth-telling inquiry calls for major overhaul of justice systems"
3177:
2987:
2451:
2399:
1283:
1101:"No, the Indigenous organisations on this list do not constitute a Voice to Parliament"
545:
498:
482:
2764:"South Australian Liberals to oppose state First Nations Voice to Parliament proposal"
2167:"Victoria to establish truth and justice process as part of Aboriginal treaty process"
481:
and non-Indigenous, who would meet three times each year. It was initially chaired by
3235:
2246:
1456:
Levin, Michael D. (31 December 1993). "9. Ethnicity and Aboriginality: Conclusions".
1245:
895:
The Northern Territory does not currently have a territory-based Indigenous Voice to
876:
761:
announced his government's intention to create the state's first Indigenous Voice to
340:
1499:"Barunga Statement presented to Prime Minister Bob Hawke in 1988 | australia.gov.au"
260:, to advise governments and Indigenous groups to prepare for upcoming negotiations.
2281:
1785:
1426:
820:
718:
458:
445:
to develop a new elected Indigenous representative body. This was announced as the
377:
356:
1867:"Malcolm Turnbull dissolves Indigenous Advisory Council, but 'commitment remains'"
1655:"2009 Media Release: New National Congress of Australia's First Peoples announced"
252:. Such bodies generally advise governments on policies and programmes that affect
2115:"'We are taking this place back': Treaty assembly sits in Victoria's Upper House"
2879:"SA's historic Indigenous Voice to Parliament has passed, but what happens now?"
2447:"The fork in Queensland's path to treaty gets wider all the way to election day"
1976:
1049:
502:
474:
410:
268:
1457:
1467:
1430:
1374:
1229:
812:
790:
669:. In September 2023 the Commission proposed 46 recommendations to improve the
2089:"Victorian Aboriginal voters have elected a treaty assembly. So what's next?"
2004:
1594:. Select Committee on the Administration of Indigenous Affairs (March 2005).
1334:
1291:
1237:
1164:. Select Committee on the Administration of Indigenous Affairs (March 2005).
965:, several bodies representing Sámi peoples in the Nordic countries and Russia
555:
On 11 July 2020, the Victoria Government announced that it would establish a
263:
While the proposed Voice was unique in its proposed implementation through a
2469:"'Dangerous and short-sighted': Cloud over treaties after LNP drops support"
1529:"Voice to Parliament: A look back at Australia's trial of political failure"
880:
679:
520:
The main task of the Assembly is to work out the rules by which individual
3144:
267:, most other advisory bodies are typically proposed to be established via
2826:
1134:"Voice will fail like four previous attempts at national Aboriginal body"
2395:"Queensland to hold truth-telling and healing inquiry on path to treaty"
1299:
1267:
230:
governments. Calls for such bodies, especially for a Commonwealth level
3030:
2787:
2715:
2661:
1972:"NSW Premier leaves door open to state Voice despite referendum defeat"
884:
778:
654:, in writing, audio or video form, or as an object such as an artwork.
646:
to speak about his experiences at the first set of public hearings, or
616:
was appointed as the only non-Aboriginal Commissioner; the others are:
566:
called for a similar commission to be established at a national level.
1790:"A Rightful Place: Race, recognition and a more complete commonwealth"
1559:"The end of ATSIC and the future administration of Indigenous affairs"
1314:
521:
1763:
1704:"Australia's largest Indigenous organisation forced to shut up shop"
3221:
2417:"New laws allowed Qld to be hearing First Nations truths. It's not"
1836:"First Meeting of the Prime Minister's Indigenous Advisory Council"
552:
had not made a clear commitment to supporting the treaty process.
2557:"Appointments to refreshed Aboriginal Advisory Council announced"
1435:. Australia. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.
222:
advisory bodies established or proposed to be established by the
2711:"'Going backwards': SA native title bodies raise Voice concerns"
2615:
673:
and criminal justice systems in Victoria, including raising the
3119:
3054:"Advisory group to guide process for Truth-telling and Treaty"
694:, said that changes may be made after considering the report.
974:
List of Indigenous Australians in politics and public service
66:
Indigenous advisory body to represent Indigenous communities.
2495:"Aboriginal Advisory Council of Western Australia: Meetings"
532:
The assembly meets in the chamber of the upper house of the
2611:"What SA's new govt wants to achieve in Aboriginal affairs"
393:
1990–2005: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission
2583:"SA premier flags plan for Indigenous Voice to parliament"
2025:
First Peoples' Assembly of Victoria; Treaty for Victoria.
1376:
The role of the National Aboriginal Consultative Committee
784:
In January 2023 the government secured the support of the
3226:
2783:"'Range of flaws': SA Libs to oppose Voice to Parliament"
1316:
Rob Riley : An Aboriginal leader's quest for justice
823:
immediately afterwards in a public event on the steps of
433:
2009–2019: National Congress of Australia's First Peoples
3216:
3120:"Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander - Elected Body"
1657:. Australian Human Rights Commission. 22 November 2009.
887:
and a lack of resources provided by the ACT government.
2855:
Department of the Premier and Cabinet (South Australia)
1099:
Campbell, David; McCutchan, Ellen (14 September 2023).
801:) by Native Title Services SA on behalf of most of the
477:
on 25 September 2013. It consisted of 12 members, both
465:
2013–2019: Prime Minister's Indigenous Advisory Council
3147:. Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Elected Body
1379:. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.
2657:"Green light for SA's Indigenous Voice to Parliament"
815:
expressed her opposition to the legislation, and the
682:
had grown by nearly 600%. The report was welcomed by
327:
1973–1976: National Aboriginal Consultative Committee
27:
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander advisory bodies
3124:
Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Elected Body
81:
Constitutional recognition of Indigenous Australians
697:The final report of the commission is due in 2025.
663:
disproportionate incarceration of Indigenous people
3227:Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Elected Body
3170:
3002:
2980:
2467:
2415:
2113:Costa, Jedda; Dunstan, Joseph (11 December 2019).
2027:"Assembly Elections: Election Rules (Version 4.0)"
1522:
1520:
1218:International Journal on Minority and Group Rights
861:Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Elected Body
835:for the Voice to build awareness and engagement.
753:2024 South Australian First Nations Voice election
271:, with their membership democratically elected by
2850:"First Nations Voice to Parliament special event"
2802:McClaren, Rory; Pestrin, Stacey (26 March 2023).
1889:"Terms of Reference: Indigenous Advisory Council"
1462:. University of Toronto Press. pp. 168–180.
2638:"Next steps in implementing the Uluru Statement"
2270:
2268:
399:Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission
234:, became prominent following the release of the
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1195:
3026:"Leaders of SA's Voice to Parliament revealed"
1919:"Prime Minister's Indigenous Advisory Council"
1810:"Prime Minister's Indigenous Advisory Council"
447:National Congress of Australia's First Peoples
2360:
2358:
2275:Australian Associated Press (26 April 2022).
919:Australian Aboriginal Progressive Association
389:called for a new elected body to be created.
192:
8:
2082:
2080:
2078:
1840:Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet
1261:
1259:
1257:
1255:
921:, the first Aboriginal activist organisation
767:election of a state Labor government in 2022
609:Benefits of colonisation were not examined.
471:Prime Minister's Indigenous Advisory Council
3217:Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice
1553:
1551:
734:in a failed motion opposing treaty making.
464:
347:. Its principal function was to advise the
335:(NACC) was created in February 1973 by the
1760:Aboriginal and Torre Strait Islander Voice
368:The NACC was reconstituted in 1977 as the
333:National Aboriginal Consultative Committee
199:
185:
38:
1156:
1154:
969:List of Indigenous Australian politicians
604:start of British colonisation in Victoria
575:Yorta Yorta Nation Aboriginal Corporation
2781:Richards, Stephanie (21 February 2023).
2738:"Say No To The South Australian 'Voice'"
2555:The National Tribune (22 October 2019).
1754:National Indigenous Australians Agency.
1527:Fitzsimmons, Caitlin (21 January 2023).
998:Lo-Booth, Madeline (18 September 2023).
925:Bureau of Indian Affairs (United States)
18:First Peoples' Assembly of Victoria
985:
364:1977–1985: National Aboriginal Congress
50:
44:This article is part of a series on the
2289:from the original on 14 September 2022
1923:National Indigenous Australians Agency
1893:National Indigenous Australians Agency
1865:Karvelas, Patricia (1 February 2017).
1373:Australia; Hiatt, L. R., eds. (1976).
1212:De Villiers, Bertus (30 August 2019).
1127:
1125:
1123:
757:In May 2021, South Australian premier
629:(the only non-Aboriginal commissioner)
417:2004–2008: National Indigenous Council
3164:
3162:
3076:
3074:
2982:"Low state voice turnout 'a success'"
2955:
2953:
2522:
2520:
2440:
2438:
2200:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation
2173:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation
2052:
2050:
1721:Cassandra, Morgan (17 October 2019).
1710:from the original on 1 November 2020.
1683:. Working with Indigenous Australians
1661:from the original on 30 November 2020
1627:
1625:
875:Elections to ATSIEB are conducted by
635:Distinguished Professor Maggie Walter
620:Professor Eleanor Bourke, Chairperson
212:Australian Indigenous advisory bodies
7:
2929:Richards, Stephanie (29 June 2023).
2683:Manfield, Evelyn (19 January 2023).
2139:Dunstan, Joseph (29 February 2020).
2058:"Additional Pathways to Recognition"
1735:from the original on 9 February 2023
1635:. Australian Human Rights Commission
1601:After ATSIC: Life in the mainstream?
1171:After ATSIC: Life in the mainstream?
993:
991:
989:
339:'s Minister for Aboriginal Affairs,
3222:First Peoples' Assembly of Victoria
3004:"Libs put future of voice in doubt"
2709:Katsaras, Jason (20 January 2023).
2655:Katsaras, Jason (19 January 2023).
2087:Dunstan, Joseph (5 November 2019).
1132:Mundine, Warren (1 February 2023).
795:Attorney-General of South Australia
717:, Cheryl Buchanan, Ivan Ingram and
571:first election was in November 2019
557:truth and reconciliation commission
3169:Down, Rhiannon (10 October 2023).
3052:Jaensch, Roger (2 December 2022).
2313:Castan Centre for Human Rights Law
1353:Australian Human Rights Commission
1284:10.1002/j.1834-4461.1983.tb02014.x
909:Assembly of First Nations (Canada)
832:Elections for the Voice took place
585:, and new co-chairs were elected.
473:was established by prime minister
443:Australian Human Rights Commission
244:in the 1970s and the promotion of
25:
3242:History of Indigenous Australians
3100:Morse, Callan (9 February 2023).
3081:Morse, Callan (2 December 2022).
2466:Dennien, Matt (19 October 2023).
2414:Dennien, Matt (16 October 2023).
2365:Ashton, Kate (4 September 2023).
2192:Dunstan, Joseph (4 August 2020).
914:Australian Aboriginal sovereignty
301:Council of Australian Governments
96:Australian Indigenous sovereignty
3024:Kelsall, Thomas (14 June 2024).
2903:Coorey, Phillip (29 June 2023).
2609:Smith, Douglas (23 March 2022).
1991:Rose, Tamsin (23 October 2023).
1948:Haughton, James (16 June 2023).
963:Sámi parliament (disambiguation)
930:Indigenous treaties in Australia
583:held its second election in 2023
349:Department of Aboriginal Affairs
166:
91:Indigenous treaties in Australia
34:Indigenous treaties in Australia
3172:"'Indigenous voice that works'"
2877:Opie, Rebecca (27 March 2023).
2581:Jenkins, Shannon (7 May 2021).
2503:Government of Western Australia
2165:Thorne, Leonie (11 July 2020).
1842:(Press release). Tony Abbott .
1702:Coggan, Maggie (29 July 2019).
1565:. 9 August 2004. Archived from
1403:. 14 April 2019. Archived from
799:Minister for Aboriginal Affairs
524:will be negotiated between the
3247:Indigenous Australian politics
2393:Silk, Marty (16 August 2022).
1501:. 31 July 2016. Archived from
946:Māori wards and constituencies
817:South Australian Liberal Party
675:age of criminal responsibility
563:Uluru Statement from the Heart
286:Indigenous Voice to Parliament
237:Uluru Statement from the Heart
147:Uluru Statement from the Heart
1:
2642:Government of South Australia
2221:"Aboriginal timeline: Treaty"
538:Victorian Legislative Council
432:
2445:Dennien, Matt (6 May 2024).
2219:Korff, Jens (20 July 2020).
1319:. Aboriginal Studies Press.
855:Australian Capital Territory
667:Aboriginal deaths in custody
595:truth and justice commission
370:National Aboriginal Congress
55:Torres Strait Islander Voice
2909:Australian Financial Review
2742:Pauline Hanson's One Nation
2334:Ashton, Kate (5 May 2023).
2251:Yoorrook Justice Commission
1596:"Chapter 4: Representation"
1459:Ethnicity and Aboriginality
1313:Quentin, Beresford (2007).
1166:"Chapter 4: Representation"
1075:"The Partnership Agreement"
732:Pauline Hanson's One Nation
589:Yoorrook Justice Commission
427:National Indigenous Council
321:National Indigenous Council
291:Current Commonwealth bodies
86:Reconciliation in Australia
3263:
750:
283:
153:State and territory voices
31:
3106:National Indigenous Times
3087:National Indigenous Times
1633:"Our Future in Our Hands"
1606:Commonwealth of Australia
1534:The Sydney Morning Herald
1468:10.3138/9781442623187-012
1266:Weaver, Sally M. (1983).
1230:10.1163/15718115-02604004
1176:Commonwealth of Australia
951:New Zealand Māori Council
692:Chief Justice of Victoria
469:The government appointed
728:Katter's Australia Party
665:, especially youth, and
560:the community. The 2017
315:Past Commonwealth bodies
265:constitutional amendment
242:assimilationist policies
2062:www.firstpeoplesvic.org
2034:www.firstpeoplesvic.org
1592:Parliament of Australia
1563:Parliament of Australia
1162:Parliament of Australia
548:is supportive, but the
3193:"2021 ATSIEB Election"
3010:The Weekend Australian
1706:. Pro Bono Australia.
437:In December 2008, the
385:in 1985. In 1988, the
355:commissioned the 1976
254:Indigenous Australians
220:Torres Strait Islander
1927:Australian Government
1897:Australian Government
1844:Australian Government
1814:Australian Government
1351:. Issues Paper 2008.
600:Aboriginal Victorians
515:Aboriginal Victorians
421:In November 2004 the
3058:Tasmanian Government
2966:ABC News (Australia)
2936:ABC News (Australia)
2561:The National Tribune
2372:ABC News (Australia)
2341:ABC News (Australia)
1427:Coombs, Herbert Cole
659:Victorian Government
534:Victorian Parliament
501:, headed by Premier
461:, in 2012 and 2015.
173:Australia portal
62:Proposed Australian
2770:. 20 February 2023.
1569:on 18 November 2022
803:native title bodies
526:Victoria Government
455:Cape York Institute
343:, with the help of
232:Voice to Parliament
228:state and territory
2253:. 7 September 2022
1980:. 17 October 2023.
1788:(September 2014).
1728:The Canberra Times
1138:Sky News Australia
1079:Coalition of Peaks
1054:Coalition of Peaks
891:Northern Territory
640:Uncle Jack Charles
579:Gabrielle Williams
337:Whitlam government
297:Coalition of Peaks
246:self-determination
2640:(Press release).
2536:. 11 October 2023
2505:. 19 October 2023
1929:. 8 February 2017
1846:. 5 December 2013
1442:978-0-644-03387-9
1386:978-0-642-02649-1
1326:978-0-85575-502-7
941:Māori electorates
937:, in New Zealand
771:Peter Malinauskas
738:Western Australia
623:Dr Wayne Atkinson
544:government under
485:. Prime minister
451:Abbott government
423:Howard government
403:Howard government
387:Barunga Statement
376:commissioned the
353:Fraser government
209:
208:
16:(Redirected from
3254:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3174:
3166:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3141:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3116:
3110:
3109:
3097:
3091:
3090:
3078:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3021:
3015:
3014:
3006:
2999:
2993:
2992:
2991:. 30 March 2024.
2984:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2969:. 29 March 2024.
2957:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2900:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2846:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2818:
2812:
2811:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2744:. 6 January 2023
2734:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2578:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2524:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2471:
2463:
2457:
2456:
2442:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2419:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2362:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2272:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2243:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2225:Creative Spirits
2216:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2084:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2054:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2031:
2022:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2011:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1762:. Archived from
1751:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1629:
1620:
1619:
1588:
1582:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1555:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1524:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1407:on 14 April 2019
1397:
1391:
1390:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1310:
1304:
1303:
1263:
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1190:
1189:
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1146:
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1129:
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1115:
1113:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1010:
995:
825:Parliament House
671:child protection
657:In May 2023 the
644:Indigenous elder
487:Malcolm Turnbull
425:established the
383:Hawke government
374:Hawke government
305:National Cabinet
201:
194:
187:
171:
170:
169:
140:
56:
45:
39:
21:
3262:
3261:
3257:
3256:
3255:
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3252:
3251:
3232:
3231:
3213:
3208:
3207:
3197:
3195:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3168:
3167:
3160:
3150:
3148:
3143:
3142:
3138:
3128:
3126:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3080:
3079:
3072:
3062:
3060:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3036:
3034:
3023:
3022:
3018:
3013:. 6 April 2024.
3001:
3000:
2996:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2959:
2958:
2951:
2941:
2939:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2913:
2911:
2902:
2901:
2897:
2887:
2885:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2861:
2859:
2858:. 20 March 2023
2848:
2847:
2843:
2833:
2831:
2830:. 26 March 2023
2820:
2819:
2815:
2801:
2800:
2796:
2780:
2779:
2775:
2762:
2761:
2757:
2747:
2745:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2721:
2719:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2693:
2691:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2667:
2665:
2654:
2653:
2649:
2636:
2635:
2631:
2621:
2619:
2608:
2607:
2603:
2593:
2591:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2565:
2563:
2554:
2553:
2549:
2539:
2537:
2526:
2525:
2518:
2508:
2506:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2478:
2476:
2465:
2464:
2460:
2444:
2443:
2436:
2426:
2424:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2392:
2391:
2387:
2377:
2375:
2364:
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2356:
2346:
2344:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2318:
2316:
2307:
2306:
2302:
2292:
2290:
2274:
2273:
2266:
2256:
2254:
2245:
2244:
2240:
2230:
2228:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2203:
2201:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2176:
2174:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2149:
2147:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2123:
2121:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2097:
2095:
2086:
2085:
2076:
2066:
2064:
2056:
2055:
2048:
2038:
2036:
2029:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2009:
2007:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1955:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1932:
1930:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1902:
1900:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1872:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1849:
1847:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1819:
1817:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1795:Quarterly Essay
1784:
1783:
1779:
1769:
1767:
1766:on 16 June 2020
1753:
1752:
1748:
1738:
1736:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1686:
1684:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1664:
1662:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1638:
1636:
1631:
1630:
1623:
1616:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1572:
1570:
1557:
1556:
1549:
1539:
1537:
1526:
1525:
1518:
1508:
1506:
1505:on 31 July 2016
1497:
1496:
1492:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1443:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1410:
1408:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1387:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1357:
1355:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1327:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1265:
1264:
1253:
1211:
1210:
1193:
1186:
1160:
1159:
1152:
1142:
1140:
1131:
1130:
1121:
1111:
1109:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1083:
1081:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1058:
1056:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1033:
1031:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1008:
1006:
997:
996:
987:
982:
905:
893:
857:
848:
759:Steven Marshall
755:
749:
747:South Australia
740:
715:Roslyn Atkinson
703:
684:Victoria Police
648:wurrek tyerrang
632:Sue-Anne Hunter
591:
581:. The assembly
569:The assembly's
511:
495:
493:New South Wales
467:
439:Rudd government
435:
419:
407:Amanda Vanstone
395:
366:
357:Hiatt Committee
345:Charles Perkins
329:
317:
309:Closing the Gap
293:
288:
282:
205:
167:
165:
158:
157:
141:
138:
131:
130:
116:Opinion polling
111:
109:2023 referendum
101:
100:
76:
54:
52:
43:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3260:
3258:
3250:
3249:
3244:
3234:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3212:
3211:External links
3209:
3206:
3205:
3184:
3178:The Australian
3158:
3136:
3111:
3092:
3070:
3044:
3016:
2994:
2988:The Australian
2972:
2949:
2921:
2895:
2869:
2841:
2813:
2794:
2773:
2755:
2729:
2701:
2675:
2647:
2644:. 4 July 2022.
2629:
2601:
2573:
2547:
2516:
2486:
2474:Brisbane Times
2458:
2452:Brisbane Times
2434:
2422:Brisbane Times
2406:
2400:Brisbane Times
2385:
2354:
2326:
2300:
2264:
2238:
2211:
2184:
2157:
2131:
2105:
2074:
2046:
2017:
1983:
1963:
1940:
1910:
1899:. 26 July 2016
1880:
1857:
1827:
1801:
1777:
1746:
1713:
1694:
1672:
1646:
1621:
1614:
1583:
1547:
1516:
1490:
1476:
1448:
1441:
1418:
1392:
1385:
1365:
1340:
1325:
1305:
1251:
1224:(4): 600–619.
1191:
1184:
1150:
1119:
1091:
1066:
1041:
1016:
984:
983:
981:
978:
977:
976:
971:
966:
960:
959:
958:
956:Te Puni Kōkiri
953:
948:
943:
935:Māori politics
932:
927:
922:
916:
911:
904:
901:
892:
889:
869:ACT Government
856:
853:
847:
844:
769:, new Premier
748:
745:
739:
736:
702:
699:
652:nuther-mooyoop
642:was the first
637:
636:
633:
630:
624:
621:
590:
587:
573:, however the
546:Daniel Andrews
510:
507:
499:NSW government
494:
491:
483:Warren Mundine
466:
463:
434:
431:
418:
415:
394:
391:
365:
362:
328:
325:
316:
313:
292:
289:
281:
278:
258:treaty process
250:reconciliation
207:
206:
204:
203:
196:
189:
181:
178:
177:
176:
175:
160:
159:
156:
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106:
103:
102:
99:
98:
93:
88:
83:
77:
72:
71:
68:
67:
59:
58:
53:Aboriginal and
48:
47:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3259:
3248:
3245:
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3112:
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3012:
3011:
3005:
2998:
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2956:
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2938:
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2922:
2910:
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2899:
2896:
2884:
2880:
2873:
2870:
2857:
2856:
2851:
2845:
2842:
2829:
2828:
2823:
2817:
2814:
2809:
2805:
2798:
2795:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2777:
2774:
2769:
2765:
2759:
2756:
2743:
2739:
2733:
2730:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2705:
2702:
2690:
2686:
2679:
2676:
2664:
2663:
2658:
2651:
2648:
2643:
2639:
2633:
2630:
2618:
2617:
2612:
2605:
2602:
2590:
2589:
2584:
2577:
2574:
2562:
2558:
2551:
2548:
2535:
2534:
2529:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2490:
2487:
2475:
2470:
2462:
2459:
2454:
2453:
2448:
2441:
2439:
2435:
2423:
2418:
2410:
2407:
2402:
2401:
2396:
2389:
2386:
2374:
2373:
2368:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2343:
2342:
2337:
2330:
2327:
2315:. 17 May 2021
2314:
2310:
2304:
2301:
2288:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2271:
2269:
2265:
2252:
2248:
2242:
2239:
2226:
2222:
2215:
2212:
2199:
2195:
2188:
2185:
2172:
2168:
2161:
2158:
2146:
2142:
2135:
2132:
2120:
2116:
2109:
2106:
2094:
2090:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2063:
2059:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2035:
2028:
2021:
2018:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1987:
1984:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1967:
1964:
1951:
1944:
1941:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1914:
1911:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1884:
1881:
1868:
1861:
1858:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1831:
1828:
1816:. 25 May 2017
1815:
1812:. Directory.
1811:
1805:
1802:
1797:
1796:
1791:
1787:
1786:Pearson, Noel
1781:
1778:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1756:"The Process"
1750:
1747:
1734:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1717:
1714:
1709:
1705:
1698:
1695:
1682:
1676:
1673:
1660:
1656:
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