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996:. Then in 1350, he set off again with a Swedish force led by among others the knights Israel Birgersson, Lars Karlsson, Magnus Gislesson, with the men-at-arms Bengt Algotsson and Sune Håkansson, moving east to recaptured Nöteborg. As before he had the inhabitants forcibly baptized and left behind troops of soldiers. The city was again recaptured soon afterwards and the soldiers were killed. The king himself and the military leaders fled back to Sweden.
715:. Because the court could no longer receive income from the castle counties, a serious financial crisis emerged and lasted for several years. The king also levied extra taxes, including tolls at the Scanian fishing villages and tougher demands on the mining industry in the Bergslagen. At the beginning of the 1350s, Magnus Eriksson's city law was issued which, among other things, sought to limit trade to the cities as a means of imposing fees.
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In 1339, an agreement was indeed reached with the dissatisfied
Norwegians, but the dissatisfaction continued, and in 1343 Magnus' younger son Haakon VI Magnusson was elected king of Norway. Haakon was supposed to rule under his father's guardianship, but the actual rule was taken over by the Riksråd.
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wanted to restore
Denmark's former influence and therefore wanted to regain supremacy over Scania. For Magnus, the acquisition of Skåneland threatened to be a bigger bite than he could swallow. The sum of 34,000 marks was an unheard amount at the time, and in order to raise it, the king was forced to
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in the late autumn of 1374 when he borrowed the ship
Mariabollen from Icelandic bishop Jon Skalli Eiriksson of Hólar. Magnus probably intended to go to Tønsberg for Christmas. On 1 December, an accident occurred near Lyngholmen in the Bömmelfjord, not far from Bergen. When the ship was in danger of
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The disagreement between them soon broke out again, and Magnus
Eriksson then turned to King Valdemar in Denmark with a request for help, concluding a treaty with him in 1359. However King Erik and his wife Beatrix died quite suddenly, probably as a result of the black death in June 1359, and Magnus
978:
was besieged and the farmers in the area were forcibly baptized. Those who refused were beheaded or stabbed to death. On 6 August, the king and the other crusaders returned home, leaving a small garrison behind the walls. Already in the late winter of 1349, Novgorod besieged and captured the weakly
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The financial crisis in the kingdom, caused by loans and pledges, gave rise to an ever-widening gap between the king and the aristocracy. The king criticized his trustees for managing the finances so badly that there was no money left when he ascended to the throne. The kingdom's finances were also
563:
At first his mother
Duchess Ingeborg had a predominant influence on the government. She was present at the signing of the Union Treaty and is mentioned in it in terms that could be interpreted as giving her certain powers in the Riksråd. After the accession of Magnus as king she was included in the
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until 1371. He gained his freedom in 1371 by ceding the crown to Albert. After his release from prison, he often spent time with his son King Haakon and Queen
Margaret in Norway. In 1372 they traveled around Haakon's kingdom while issuing letters of donation and holding courts (legal proceedings).
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were sold to the Union from Duke Johan of
Holstein, after the local population expressed dissatisfaction with the Danish parliament and stated they would rather be ruled by the Swedes. The Duke started negotiations with the Swedes and it was agreed that the Swedish king would redeem the pledge for
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The war that started against
Valdemar did not lead to any result and already in the autumn of 1362 peace negotiations began. In the winter, the situation changed completely when Haakon, probably in the hope of regaining Scania, married Valdemar's daughter, Margareta (April 1363). As a result, the
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The intended union was thwarted in 1360, when King
Valdemar suddenly reclaimed the Scanian territories by force of arms. He continued his successful campaign in 1361 against Gotland, which unlike Scania had never belonged to the Danes. This led to the formation of a large attack coalition against
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In 1358, Magnus
Eriksson had to borrow from the money that was collected in Sweden on behalf of the papal throne, and when he could not repay this at the appointed time, both he and his pledges (several of the kingdom's nobles) were threatened with excommunication. Dissatisfaction with the king's
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In Sweden, the Black Death had struck in full force. It was understood that God was displeased with something. The king ordered the commoners to appear barefoot in the churches every Friday with a penny for the church to finance another invasion of Novgorod. Through negotiations and threats, King
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Only the southern part of the border, close to Viborg, was actually considered important and clearly defined in the treaty. Borders in the wilderness were defined very roughly, and presumably considered less important than the line across the Karelian Isthmus. It has also been suggested that the
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and other Norwegian nobles. The nobles were also dissatisfied with the king, who had taken the national seal out of the country has not appoint a chancellor for Norway during his frequent absences abroad. Some nobles rebelled and conquered Tunsberghus. In 1333 they made peace when the king let a
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When the Danish king refused to recognise King Magnus's ownership of Skåneland, Magnus turned to the Pope, requesting confirmation of the purchase but received only evasive answers. Mainly as a result of his mother's lien on certain castles in Denmark, Magnus waged war with King Valdemar. Peace
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Scandinavia, Ancient and Modern: Being a History of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway ; Comprehending a Description of These Countries ; an Account of the Mythology, Government, Laws, Manners, and Institutions of the Early Inhabitants ; and of the Present State of Society, Religion,
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In the 1340s, the king was forced to improve relations with the aristocracy in the parliament. In April 1346 he sent apologies around the country, stating he was sorry for the high taxes imposed during the acquisition of Skåneland, Magnus also sent a large donation to the
1094:, the international trade fair held every autumn on the Falsterbo peninsula. The confederates waged war in Scania in 1368–69 and besieged, among other things, the important royal towns of Helsingborg (Kärnan) and Lindholmen (at Börringesjön in southwestern Scania).
816:(Swedishː Nöteborg), it was the first settlement between Sweden and The Novgorod Republic regulating their border which stretched into the area known as today's Finland. The purpose was "permanent peace" between Sweden and Novgorod but it did not last very long.
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During the years 1323–1326, the council succeeded in redeeming Ingeborg's castles Axevall, Varberg and Hunehals and relieved her of her eeplace in the council, which was led by Drott Knut Jonsson. The example was followed in 1323 by the Norwegians, who appointed
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of Norway. His death in 1319 gave the kingdom of Norway by right of inheritance to their three-year-old son Magnus. When he was also elected king of Sweden shortly afterwards in the same year, the first Swedish-Norwegian union (1319–43, 1362–63) came into being.
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Magnus Eriksson had been deposed from the Swedish throne in 1364 and succeeded by Albrecht of Mecklenburg, who personally took part in the war. He resided during the summer and autumn of 1368 at Falsterbohus and then used the title "lord of the land of Skåne".
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After a meeting in Jönköping in 1357 between Magnus Eriksson and Erik Magnusson they decided to split the kingdom between father and son. Erik was appointed to rule over Skåneland (except northern Halland), Östergötaland, Finland and parts of Småland.
599:. Ingeborg and the circle around her instead had contact with Erik Menved's enemies in Denmark and made alliances with his enemies in Germany. In the summer of 1321, a treaty was concluded between the heir to the throne Magnus and
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In the spring of 1348, Magnus Eriksson sent messengers to the nobles of the Republic of Novgorod and urged them to join the Catholic doctrine, if they refused, a large army would invade Novgorod and force them to adopt
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in the summer of 1322, the nobles in the Riksråd promised each other that old disputes from the civil war would be forgotten and that no one would join forces with Ingeborg without the consent of the entire council.
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as well as the promise of mutual aid in the event of an attack from Denmark. In secret, they also agreed on a military attack against Scania. Plans were prepared in 1322 by Knut Porse, but they were not realized.
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The Hanseatics reacted strongly to King Valdemar's rise in power, as they were keen for a balance of power to prevail in the Nordic region and that law, order and for fixed privileges to be maintained at the
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In 1331, Magnus was declared to have come to age at the age of 15. This provoked resistance in Norway, where a statue stipulated that a king would come to age at the age of 20, causing resistance from
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In November 1369, the warring parties reached an agreement, ratified by the peace treaty of Stralsund in 1370. Loyal to the king, Denmark had suffered a clear but hardly devastating military defeat.
572:, where her son was brought up. She thus had a geographical position of power and at Varberg Castle she surrounded herself with her late husband Eric's former aides, for example the Danish commander
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was broken. At the same time, several of the Swedish leaders were also driven into exile. They then turned to Duke Albert the Great of Mecklenburg and offered the Swedish crown to his son,
752:. This caused further resentment in Norway, where the nobles and magnates wanted a separate Norwegian coronation. A second rising by members of the high nobility of Norway ensued in 1338.
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548:, it regulated the union between Sweden and Norway during the guardianship of King Magnus Eriksson but lost its validity when Magnus came of age and took over the government himself.
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Early Old Swedish, Old Norwegian, Early Middle Danish, Renaissance Latin, Middle Icelandic, Old Faroese, Greenlandic Norse, Middle Low German, Finnish, Sami, Greenlandic, Karealian.
1040:(James Knox), which described an expedition that had traveled beyond Greenland and returned with eight men in 1364. Cnoyen wrote an account of the expedition in a lost work called
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capsizing in a storm, Magnus jumped overboard. His attendants managed to pull him up and helped him ashore but he finally succumbed. Another 25 people died in the accident.
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The following year, 1344, Magnus' eldest son, Erik Magnusson, was elected heir to the throne in Sweden. He had thus been able to secure kingship for each of his sons.
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34,000 marks of silver (6 432 kilo). Though the Union bought Skåneland, it was not integrated into the Swedish half. Magnus Eriksson would thus be crowned king of
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Greenland. It was feared that the residents had fallen into paganism. A letter from Gerard Mercator to John Dee in 1577 brings excerpts from a lost work by
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Magnus came of age in 1331 or 1332 and in 1335 he appointed his drots Håkan Mattsson as a marshal, mentioned as a marshal in connection with a will.
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In 1362 Håkan Magnusson was elected king of Sweden after his father King Magnus was thrown in prison. Magnus and Håkan later became co-regents.
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in an attempt to make the country Catholic rather than Orthodox and trying to expand their influence further east and to gain control over the
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as governor. In accordance with the Union Treaty, the union between the two kingdoms was subsequently reduced to a defense alliance. With the
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policies erupted in the rebellion started by Magnus Eriksson's eldest son, Erik, together with several of the kingdom's nobles in 1356.
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After another resolution Erik was also given Södermanland, Västmanland, Dalarna and larger parts of Uppland and Stockholm Castle.
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In order to avoid Danish interference in Swedish politics, the National council tried to have good relations with the Danish king
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1126:. In November 1363, he arrived with an army in Stockholm, was praised by its citizens and was elected king in February 1364 at
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The Treaty of Nöteborg's possible border between Sweden and Novgorod, approximately corresponding to Jarl Gallén's conclusions.
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between them was only concluded in the autumn of 1343 in Varberg, when Valdemar formally renounced all claims to Scania and
1044:, in which he claimed that the compass needle turns north because there is a black magnetic rock island at the North Pole.
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in Sweden proper. In the spring of 1365, they did seek to regain what was lost, but were defeated in March 1365 in the
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parishes to Sweden. As a result, Sweden undertook not to participate in any conflict between Novgorod and the Danish
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defended city. The foreigners were killed or captured and the residents were forced to let their beards grow again.
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When the Swedish king received the letter, his invasion fleet was already ready at the Novgorod border. On 24 June,
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In 1350, the Swedes succeeded in their expansion of the North, connecting the other half of the kingdom (which was
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worsened by the growth of tax-exempt arrangements as it took over land that had previously paid taxes to the king.
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borrow money from the church and take loans from magnates in exchange for pledges. In 1326 the king had pledged
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Magnus tried to get the Hansa to agree to a boycott of Novgorod in return for increased privileged trade with
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would pay tribute to Norway and which to Novgorod, creating a kind of buffer zone in between the countries.
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was forced to resign and was replaced by Östergötland's lawman Knut Jonsson. At a council meeting in
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Förenade Konungariken Sverige och Norge (Swedish) De forente Kongerikene Norge og Sverige (Norwegian)
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1028:. The entourage was tasked with finding out what had happened to the evacuated Norse colonies in
967:. The answer was that if Magnus Eriksson wanted to discuss matters of faith, he had to travel to
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576:(who became her husband after the passing of Haakon Magnusson) and the van Kyren family from
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As the three year old king was too young to rule, a treaty was signed in 1319. Known as the
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Sweden, Norway, Finland, Russia, Iceland, Greenland, the Faroe islands, the United Kingdom
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As early as 1328, Sweden was encouraging settlers to take over the northern coast of the
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The treaty was negotiated with the help of Hanseatic merchants in order to conclude the
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467:: Den første svensk-norske union(en)), was a personal union of the separate kingdoms of
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treaty would have originally given both Sweden and Novgorod joint rights to northern
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Literature, Arts, and Commerce ; with Illustrations of Their Natural History
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King Valdemar, including several Hanseatic cities, as well as Sweden and Norway.
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The treaty did not delineate the border but rather stipulated which part of the
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Swedish partition in 1357 AD between Magnus Eriksson and his son Erik Magnusson
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Rough map of Sweden (only) in the year 1323 after the signing of Nöteborg.
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In 1354 Magnus sent an expedition to Greenland under the leadership of
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831:. Both sides also promised not to build castles along the new border.
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On 21 Iuly 1336, Magnus was crowned king of both Norway and Sweden in
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in 1319 and dissolved in 1355, briefly re-uniting in 1362 until 1365.
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Magnus was able to regain control of his previously owned Iceland,
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The kingdom of Sweden-Norway would become the largest country in
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603:. The treaty involved the marriage of Magnus's younger sister
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Eriksson again became the sole ruler of the whole of Sweden.
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and, according to traditional interpretations, ending in the
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The treaty defined the border as beginning east and north of
897:, which was defined by the treaty as Novgorod's possession.
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engagement entered into by the nobles on his behalf with
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in 1332. The union with Skåneland was dissolved in 1360.
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The two Swedish Catholic led crusades were led against
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councilor take care of the royal seal and appointed
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together with Norway's overseas colonies (including
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1374:"Magnus Eriksson var för liten för att protestera"
1262:"Magnus Eriksson | Historia | SO-rummet"
971:, where Novgorod's orthodox doctrine originated.
927:border skirmishes in the far-northern region of
823:. As a token of goodwill, Novgorod ceded three
568:and a county as maintenance and held court at
1024:who owned large parts of the Tveit estate on
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1189:King Magnus was held captive in Stockholm's
931:. The terms were an armistice for 10 years.
624:, which the relations had long been tense,
564:Swedish national council. She had received
1567:States and territories established in 1319
954:which was an important river at the time.
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171:Learn how and when to remove this message
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1348:"Magnus Eriksson | Historia | SO-rummet"
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299:Magnus jointly with his son Håkan (last)
134:This article includes a list of general
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773:to establish a monastery foundation in
471:(which included large parts of today's
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1542:14th-century establishments in Finland
1150:, where Magnus Eriksson was captured.
678:After the internal strife in Denmark,
639:On 18 May 1335, King Magnus appointed
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1532:14th-century establishments in Sweden
919:and marked the end of decades of the
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463:: Den första svensk-norska unionen.
187:United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway
47:adding citations to reliable sources
1167:Magnus IV of Sweden; VII of Norway
352:Swedish Penning, Norwegian Penning
140:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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457:The First Swedish–Norwegian union
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546:The Treaty of Union in Oslo 1319
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1431:Scott, Franklin Daniel (1988).
1250:Union between Sweden and Norway
781:Treaty of Nöteborg and Novgorod
626:peace was concluded in Nöteborg
527:, daughter and heiress of King
58:"First Swedish–Norwegian union"
34:needs additional citations for
515:A marriage took place between
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1483:Harrison, Dick (2011-01-13).
1407:"Riksarkivet - Sök i arkiven"
1372:Harrison, Dick (2016-12-08).
1008:or also known as Finland) to
958:The First Crusade at Novgorod
915:was signed on 3 June 1326 in
812:on 12 August 1323. Signed in
1461:. 2007-05-19. Archived from
1434:Sweden, the Nation's History
1240:Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)
1235:Kingdom of Sweden (800–1521)
16:Swedish Norwegian union 1319
1582:Former monarchies of Europe
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1179:His son Hacon VI of Norway
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907:Treaty of Novgorod (1326)
732:Norwegian internal issues
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1489:(in Swedish). Ordfront.
1354:(in Swedish). 2024-06-03
850:in half, running across
821:Swedish-Novgorodian Wars
810:Swedish-Novgorodian wars
609:Albert II of Mecklenburg
1527:14th century in Finland
1016:Expedition to Greenland
866:" can as well mean the
862:. However the wording "
760:Swedish internal issues
601:Henry II of Mecklenburg
155:more precise citations.
1562:History of Scandinavia
1522:14th century in Norway
1517:14th century in Sweden
1154:Monarchs of this union
1081:King Valdemar's attack
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336:• Disestablished
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289:Magnus VII/IV (first)
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1185:Magnus's final years
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864:the sea in the north
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521:Magnus III of Sweden
43:improve this article
1577:Former state unions
1459:"Skåneaffären 1332"
1268:. October 18, 2023.
1191:Three Crowns Castle
1010:The Gulf of Bothnia
585:Mats Kettilmundsson
542:Treaty of Oslo 1319
517:Duke Erik Magnusson
505:Magnus IV of Sweden
326:• Established
1552:Monarchy of Norway
1547:Monarchy of Sweden
1411:sok.riksarkivet.se
1336:. Harper and Bros.
1230:Eric XII of Sweden
1113:Second dissolution
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901:Treaty of Novgorod
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650:on July 21, 1336.
632:After guardianship
605:Euphemia of Sweden
559:Under guardianship
249:Stockholm and Oslo
230:Arms of Magnus VII
1572:Former monarchies
1496:978-91-7441-366-3
1444:978-0-8093-1489-8
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1467:. Retrieved
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367:Succeeded by
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1486:Stora döden
1128:Mora stenar
1092:Skånemarket
1048:Dissolution
965:Catholicism
936:Sami people
925:Novgorodian
697:Gästrikland
597:Erik Menved
362:Preceded by
153:introducing
1511:Categories
1469:2024-01-19
1417:2023-11-10
1391:2023-11-10
1358:2024-08-29
1315:2024-01-04
1291:2024-01-04
1256:References
1205:He was in
574:Knut Porse
511:Background
272:Government
136:references
69:newspapers
1386:1101-2412
1282:"Sverige"
1225:Haakon VI
1220:Magnus IV
1053:Rebellion
1006:Österland
921:Norwegian
858:near the
750:Stockholm
691:, all of
673:Skåneland
648:Stockholm
628:in 1323.
485:Greenland
465:Norwegian
262:Religion
196:1319–1365
1214:See also
1196:Tønsberg
1148:Enköping
1140:Dalsland
1136:Värmland
976:Nöteborg
948:Novgorod
929:Finnmark
917:Novgorod
888:Lappland
825:Karelian
775:Vadstena
713:Värmland
664:Blekinge
658:In 1332
607:to Duke
578:Holstein
529:Haakon V
525:Ingeborg
501:Shetland
491:and the
349:Currency
1306:"Norge"
1146:, near
1034:western
1030:eastern
994:Livonia
852:Savonia
721:Halland
705:Dalarna
481:Iceland
473:Finland
461:Swedish
313:History
246:Capital
149:improve
83:scholar
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1207:Bergen
1124:Albert
1026:Tysnes
840:Sestra
814:Orshek
660:Scania
553:Europe
497:Orkney
487:, the
477:Norway
475:) and
469:Sweden
316:
238:Status
138:, but
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990:Visby
709:Närke
589:Skara
582:Drots
90:JSTOR
76:books
1491:ISBN
1439:ISBN
1382:ISSN
1138:and
1032:and
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952:Neva
911:The
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218:Flag
62:news
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