574:
690:
637:(mounted) had been removed from the Platte and were engaged in a fruitless search for hostile Indians on the plains south of the Platte. They found the camp on the Republican River occupied by the tribes only after they had left. A great deal of loot was captured and many whites killed. The bulk of the natives then moved north into Nebraska on their way to the Black Hills and the Powder River but paused to burn the telegraph station on Lodgepole Creek then attacked the station at Mud Springs on the Jules cutoff. There were 9 soldiers stationed there, the telegraph operator and a few other civilians. The Indians began the attack by running the stock off from the station's corral along with a herd of cattle. Alerted by telegraph, the Army dispatched men from
655:
mountain howitzer with them. With a force of about 185 men
Collins followed the trail of the Indians to their abandoned camp at Rock Creek Spring, then followed their plain trail to the south bank of the North Platte at Rush Creek where they encountered a force of approximately 2,000 warriors on the north side of the river. An inconclusive fight followed and the decision was made to abandon pursuit of the war party. In his report Colonel Collins correctly predicted that the party was en route to the Power River Country and would continue to raid along the North Platte. His estimate of Indian casualties during the two engagements was 100 to 150, many more than reported by
286:
275:
256:
245:
234:
138:
50:
697:. Most battles "between the army and the Dakota were on lands those Indians had taken from other tribes since 1851", and the ongoing conflict between the United States and the buffalo seeking Lakotas in the 1860s and the 1870s was a "clash of two expanding empires". The steady Lakota invasion into treaty areas belonging to smaller tribes ensured the United States firm Indian allies in the Arikaras and the
779:) in the summer of 1866. His strategy, based on his orders from higher headquarters, was to secure the road, rather than fight the Indians. At the same time Red Cloud and the other chiefs soon became aware that they were unable to defeat a fully defended fort, so they kept to raiding every wagon train and traveling party they could find along the road.
573:
621:, led by the Sioux, who were most familiar with the territory, was carried out by about a thousand warriors and was followed up by numerous raids along the South Platte both east and west of Julesburg and a second raid on Julesburg in early February. Following the first raid on January 7, 500 troops under the command of
1096:
volunteered to take a message to the agency at Pine Ridge to get help after the Indian scouts refused to go. Wilson took off through the wagon circle with Sioux in pursuit and his troops covering him. Wilson reached the agency and spread the alarm. The 9th
Cavalry within the agency came to rescue the
666:
from Fort McPherson to Denver. The Sioux, the
Northern Cheyenne, the Northern Arapaho together with the warriors who had come north after the Sand Creek massacre raided the Oregon Trail along the North Platte River, and in July, 1865 attacked the troops stationed at the bridge across the North Platte
604:
attacked a peaceful
Cheyenne and Arapaho village camped on Sand Creek in southeastern Colorado. Under orders to take no prisoners the militia killed an estimated 150 men, women, and children, mutilating the dead and taking scalps and other grisly trophies of battle. The Indians at Sand Creek had been
862:
in the south-western
Nebraska on August 5, 1873, the Commissioner of Indian Affairs advocated a firmer line against all Lakotas harassing people, both Indians and whites, outside the recognized 1868 Lakota domain. "In his 1873 annual report he recommended ... that those Indians roaming west of the
1091:
occurred, and rode south all night to reach the reservation. In the early morning of
December 30, 1890, F, I, and K Troops reached the Pine Ridge agency, however, their supply wagon guarded by D Troop located behind them was attacked by 50 Sioux warriors near Cheyenne Creek (about 2 miles from the
725:
of
Nebraska. The second column, under Lt Col Samuel Walker, would travel north from Fort Laramie to occupy an area west of the Black Hills while the third, led by General Connor and Colonel James H. Kidd, would march up the Powder River. Only minor skirmishing occurred until August 29, 1865, when
801:
The US government came to the conclusion after the
Fetterman Fight that the forts along the Bozeman Trail were expensive to maintain (both in terms of supplies and manpower) and did not bring the intended security for travelers along the Road. However Red Cloud refused to attend any meeting with
645:
on
February 4, about 150 men in all. Arriving on February 5 the first party of reinforcements of 36 men found themselves facing superior forces, estimated to number 500 warriors and with two men wounded were forced to retreat into the station. The second party of 120 troops under the command of
654:
the soldiers were able to hold their own and a standoff resulted. After about 4 hours of fighting the war party left and moved their village to the head of Brown's Creek on the north side of the North Platte. Collins' forces were soon reinforced by 50 more men from Fort
Laramie who had towed a
612:
the survivors joined the camps of the Northern Cheyenne on the Smokey Hill and Republican rivers. There the war pipe was smoked and passed from camp to camp among the Sioux, Cheyenne and Arapaho camped in the area and an attack on the stage station and fort, Camp Rankin at that time, at
989:
From November 1890 to January 1891, unresolved grievances led to the last major conflict with the Sioux. A lopsided engagement that involved almost half the infantry and cavalry of the Regular Army caused the surviving warriors to lay down their arms and retreat to their reservations.
605:
assured by the U.S. Government that they would be safe in the territory they were occupying, but anti-Indian sentiments by white settlers were running high. Later congressional investigations resulted in short-lived U.S. public outcry against the slaughter of the Native Americans.
798:. Fetterman's party was drawn into an ambush by an estimated 1,000–3,000 Indians and wiped out. Due to the high casualties on the American side, the Indians called the fight the "Battle of the Hundred Slain" ever since; among the Whites, it was called the "Fetterman Massacre".
1121:
The 9th Cavalry were stationed on the Pine Ridge reservation through the rest of the winter of 1890–1891 until March 1891, lodging in their tents. By then, the 9th Cavalry was the only regiment on the reservation after being the first to arrive in November 1890.
1050:
On the Sioux reservations, McLaughlin had Kicking Bear arrested, while Sitting Bull's arrest on December 15, 1890, resulted in a struggle between reservation police and Ghost Dancers in which Sitting Bull was killed. Two weeks later, the military intercepted
537:
In the aftermath, battles continued between Minnesota regiments and combined Lakota and Dakota forces through 1864 as Col. Henry Sibley's troops pursued the Sioux. Sibley's army defeated the Lakota and Dakota in four major battles in 1863: the
734:. That morning Connor's men charged and captured a village and routed the defenders who counterattacked unsuccessfully. A few days later a small party of soldiers and civilian surveyors was attacked by the Arapaho in what became known as the
1039:. He told them that in the spring, the earth would be covered with a new layer of soil that would bury the white men while the Native Americans who did the Ghost Dance would be suspended in the air. The grass and the
810:
which included all South Dakota territory west of the Missouri river. It also declared additional territory reaching as far as the Yellowstone and North Platte rivers as unceded territory for sole use by the Indians.
802:
treaty commissions during 1867. Only after the army evacuated the forts in the Powder River country and the Indians burned down all three of them, did he travel to Fort Laramie in the summer of 1868, where the
554:
on September 3, 1863. The Sioux retreated further but faced the United States army again in 1864. General Alfred Sully led a force from near Fort Pierre, South Dakota, and decisively defeated the Sioux at the
1906:
596:
The Colorado War began in 1863 and was primarily fought by American militia while the United States Army played a minor role. Several Native American tribes attacked American settlements in the
756:
to the Montana gold fields, the US government tried to negotiate new treaties with the Lakota Indians who were legally entitled to the Powder River country, through which the trail led, by the
782:
Young eager warriors from the Lakota, Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes formed war parties who would attack woodcutting parties near the forts as well as freight trains to cut their supplies.
1013:, was able to secure the Sioux's signatures by keeping the final treaty council a secret from Sitting Bull. The treaty broke up their 35,000 acres (142 km) into six small reservations.
499:
The Santee Sioux or Dakotas of Western Minnesota rebelled on August 17, 1862, after the Federal Government failed to deliver the annuity payments that had been promised to them in the
823:
tribe ceded land to the United States, including areas along the Yellowstone, Montana. The army came under attack by Lakotas in 1872, while it protected surveying expeditions for the
689:
944:, leading an attack on a large Indian encampment and commanding a force of over 600 troops, was badly defeated with the loss of over 300 men killed or wounded, including himself.
530:
to the US Army. In the following murder trials, 303 Indians were sentenced to death. After closer investigation from Washington, 38 were hanged on December 26 in the town of
1689:
Chronological List of Engagements Between the Regular Army Of The United States And Various Tribes Of Hostile Indians Which Occurred During The Years 1790 To 1898, Inclusive
1663:
Chronological List of Engagements Between the Regular Army Of The United States And Various Tribes Of Hostile Indians Which Occurred During The Years 1790 To 1898, Inclusive
1647:
Chronological List of Engagements Between the Regular Army Of The United States And Various Tribes Of Hostile Indians Which Occurred During The Years 1790 To 1898, Inclusive
1625:
Chronological List of Engagements Between the Regular Army Of The United States And Various Tribes Of Hostile Indians Which Occurred During The Years 1790 To 1898, Inclusive
1916:
1931:
372:
1911:
848:
794:
were the best known ones among them. On December 21, 1866, Indians fired on woodcutters working near Fort Phil Kearny. The relief party was commanded by Captain
1901:
717:
was placed in command with hundreds of regular and volunteer soldiers at his disposal. Connor divided his force into three columns, the first was under Colonel
863:
Dakota line be forced by the military to come in to the Great Sioux Reservation". "The Great Sioux War" could have started in 1873, but nothing came about.
843:
at the Missouri had to fight attacking Lakotas on August 26, 1872. Nearly 300 Lakotas attacked the fort on October 14. Around 100 Lakotas attacked close by
1451:, by George E. Hyde, edited by Savoie Lottinville, University of Oklahoma Press (1968), hardcover, 390 pages; trade paperback, 280 pages (March 1983)
1396:, by George E. Hyde, edited by Savoie Lottinville, University of Oklahoma Press (1968), hardcover, 390 pages; trade paperback, 280 pages (March 1983)
1322:, by George E. Hyde, edited by Savoie Lottinville, University of Oklahoma Press (1968), hardcover, 390 pages; trade paperback, 280 pages (March 1983)
764:
to establish new forts to watch over the Bozeman Road, the Indians refused to sign any treaty and left Fort Laramie determined to defend their land.
630:
1926:
1850:
932:
on June 17, when 1,500 Lakota Sioux and Northern Cheyenne warriors, led by Crazy Horse himself, defeated a force of 1,300 Americans under General
1921:
1080:
776:
662:
In the spring of 1865, raids continued along the Oregon trail in Nebraska. January 27, 1865 while a brisk northwest wind was blowing the army
1478:
1456:
1424:
1401:
1327:
1896:
365:
924:, which ended with a Native American victory. During the fighting, the Cheyenne were forced to retreat with their families further up the
1866:
1790:
925:
600:, including the Lakota Sioux who raided in northeast Colorado. On November 29, 1864 Colorado Volunteers under the command of Colonel
1612:
1713:
Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs to the Secretary of the Interior for the Year 1873, Washington, 1874. p. 6.
1383:, George Bird Grinnell, University of Oklahoma Press (1956 original copyright 1915 Charles Scribner's Sons), hardcover, 454 pp.
1010:
358:
1043:
would return, along with the ghosts of their dead ancestors. The Ghost Dance movement spread across western reservations. The
1468:
1436:
1413:
1355:
684:
419:
409:
1304:
803:
757:
694:
453:
people which occurred in the later half of the 19th century. The earliest conflict came in 1854 when a fight broke out at
1531:
White, Richard: The Winning of the West: The Expansion of the Western Sioux in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries.
937:
827:
down the river. The next year, the Lakotas carried out attacks on the U.S. army in the five years old U.S. territory at
500:
1092:
Indian agency). One soldier was immediately killed. The wagon train protected itself by circling the wagons. Corporal
566:
The survivors were forced to move to a small reservation on the Missouri River in central South Dakota. There, on the
556:
543:
731:
693:
Map indicating the battlefields of the Lakota wars (1851–1890) and the Lakota Indian territory as described in the
828:
551:
1059:, mostly women who had lost husbands and other male relatives in the wars with the U.S. military. When Colonel
824:
650:, commandant of Fort Laramie, arrived on the 6th and found themselves facing 500 to 1,000 warriors. Armed with
622:
56:
1063:
tried to disarm the last Miniconjou of his rifle, a shot broke out, and the surrounding soldiers opened fire.
1358:
Being a Fragment of the Early History of Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado and Wyoming", Crane & Company (1911)
1636:
Custer, Elizabeth B. (1968): "Boots and Saddles" or, Life in Dakota with General Custer. Norman, pp. 237 ff.
964:
872:
852:
807:
760:. Because the military sent simultaneously two battalions of the 18th Infantry under the command of Colonel
651:
638:
597:
424:
260:
170:
60:
1093:
1084:
1009:
and held the Sioux resistance together for a few years. But in the summer of 1889, the reservation agent,
956:
921:
832:
634:
567:
560:
512:
1489:
Ewers, John C.: Intertribal Warfare as a Precursor of Indian-White Warfare on the Northern Great Plains.
1343:
1844:
1088:
948:
929:
1858:
1367:
1363:
1110:
844:
795:
626:
547:
482:
41:
617:
on the South Platte River was planned and carried out in January, 1865. This successful attack, the
1891:
971:
defended a ridge from a series of failed attacks led by Crazy Horse, who ultimately surrendered at
768:
761:
710:
618:
614:
609:
539:
516:
117:
1676:
Wolves for the Blue Soldiers. Indian Scouts and Auxiliaries with the United States Army, 1860–90.
1572:
Wolves for the Blue Soldiers. Indian Scouts and Auxiliaries with the United States Army, 1860–90.
1559:
Wolves for the Blue Soldiers. Indian Scouts and Auxiliaries with the United States Army, 1860–90.
1359:
1285:
1186:
Wolves for the Blue Soldiers. Indian Scouts and Auxiliaries with the United States Army, 1860–90.
1068:
994:
909:
727:
706:
647:
504:
494:
399:
238:
747:
414:
1874:
1786:
1782:
1775:
1770:
1608:
1474:
1452:
1420:
1397:
1323:
1021:
714:
905:
left their reservations, apparently to go on the war path and defend the sacred Black Hills.
713:
against the Sioux, Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes that lived in the Black Hills region. General
1277:
1060:
998:
960:
772:
523:
478:
462:
394:
335:
319:
264:
107:, partly in 1851 Lakota treaty territory, but mainly in 1851 Crow treaty guaranteed country.
1749:
1044:
1033:
984:
968:
859:
668:
601:
578:
466:
429:
279:
202:
1097:
stranded troopers and the Sioux dispersed. For his actions, Corporal Wilson received the
1724:
Counting Coup and Cutting Horses. Intertribal Warfare on the Northern Plains, 1738–1889
1265:
1136:
1098:
1040:
738:, three Americans were killed and it marked the last skirmish of the Powder River War.
207:
49:
1518:
Calloway, Colin G.: The Inter-tribal Balance of Power on the Great Plains, 1760–1850.
522:
Most of the warriors who took part in the fighting escaped to the west and north into
1885:
1064:
972:
941:
878:
753:
735:
526:
to continue the conflict, while the remaining Santees surrendered on September 26 at
446:
285:
274:
255:
244:
233:
189:
184:
165:
143:
104:
908:
In the first major fight of the war, on March 17, 1876, about 300 men under Colonel
877:
The Great Sioux War refers to a series of conflicts from 1876 to 1877 involving the
511:. They killed over 800 German farmers, including men, women and children. After the
1339:
1036:
1017:
1002:
1001:, but the government pressured them to sign a treaty giving up much of their land.
967:
on January 8, 1877, were the last major fights in the conflict. During the latter,
933:
898:
894:
642:
591:
527:
508:
454:
404:
343:
331:
327:
299:
249:
100:
959:
to secure supplies for Crook's command, located and attacked a Sioux village. The
928:, leaving behind large quantities of weapons and ammunition. Next came the major
27:
Conflicts between the United States and indigenous Sioux tribes from 1854 to 1891
1473:
by John Dishon McDermott, Stackpole Books (August, 2003), hardcover, 304 pages,
1419:
by John Dishon McDermott, Stackpole Books (August, 2003), hardcover, 304 pages,
1131:
1052:
1025:
952:
951:
on September 9 and 10, when elements of the 1st Cavalry Regiment led by Captain
902:
890:
840:
820:
783:
718:
698:
672:
656:
315:
307:
290:
160:
17:
1056:
791:
787:
722:
1199:
Parading Through History. The Making of the Crow Nation in America, 1805–1935
886:
515:
on September 2, the Indians were eventually defeated on September 23 in the
311:
1071:, killing, according to one estimate, 300 of 350 men, women, and children.
936:. Crook was forced to retreat, which helped set the stage for the infamous
847:
on May 7, 1873. Both forts were located in former Lakota territory, which
913:
882:
726:
Connor's column of about 400 men encountered about 500 Arapahos of Chief
663:
294:
217:
1289:
836:
531:
458:
155:
1871:
Combat Studies Institute, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
1514:
1512:
1029:
1006:
917:
1366:
when on September 19, 1863 it was deployed to Omaha en route to the
1342:
and the Sioux Indian War of 1865 Long Soldier Winter Count, 1864–65
1281:
1024:
brought the Sioux one last hope of resistance. They taught them the
1855:
Combined Arms Research Library, Command & General Staff College
1237:
477:
The First Sioux War was fought between 1854 and 1856 following the
851:
to the United States at the same time as the establishment of the
688:
577:
Map of the west circa 1858 (commissioned by then-Secretary of War
572:
450:
212:
178:
1585:
From the Heart of the Crow Country. The Crow Indians' Own Stories
1546:
From the Heart of the Crow Country. The Crow Indians' Own Stories
1238:"The Battle of the Little Bighorn and the Great Sioux War (1876)"
1212:
From the Heart of the Crow Country. The Crow Indians' Own Stories
1825:
Rocky Mountain West: Colorado, Wyoming, & Montana, 1859–1915
354:
1818:
The Legacy of Conquest: The Unbroken Past of the American West
1777:
Black Valor: Buffalo Soldiers and the Medal of Honor, 187–1898
350:
1175:. Vol. 2. pp. 1008–1011: Treaty with the Crows, May 7, 1868.
1079:
The battalion of 9th Cavalry Regiment was scouting near the
461:, when Sioux warriors killed 31 American soldiers in the
1657:
1655:
1412:
Pages 35 to 44, Chapter 3 "Mud Springs and Rush Creek"
1266:"Blue Water Creek and the First Sioux War, 1854–1856"
1827:. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1992.
771:
and established two additional forts further north (
1907:
Wars between the United States and Native Americans
1845:
Dakota Blues: The History of The Great Sioux Nation
1774:
1502:Stands In Timber, John and Margot Liberty (1972):
1467:Pages 46 to 62, Chapter 4 "Hanging of the Chiefs"
1047:considered it a threat and sent out its military.
752:Due to increasing demand of safe travel along the
503:of 1851. The tribe pillaged the nearby village of
1735:Kvasnicka, Robert M. and Herman J. Viola (1979):
1535:, Vo. 65, No. 2 (Sep. 1987), pp. 319–343, p. 342.
1493:, Vol. 6, No. 4 (Oct. 1975), pp. 397–410, p. 408.
1813:. Revised Edition. N.Y.: Harper & Row, 1975.
1167:
1165:
1522:, Vol. 16, No. 1 (April 1982), pp. 2–47, p. 46.
34:
1737:The Commissioners of Indian Affairs, 1824–1977
1449:Life of George Bent: Written From His Letters
1394:Life of George Bent: Written From His Letters
1320:Life of George Bent: Written From His Letters
993:That autumn, the Sioux were moved to a large
897:, war broke out when the followers of Chiefs
366:
8:
1765:
1763:
1083:, about 50 miles north of Indian agency at
373:
359:
351:
31:
1917:19th-century colonization of the Americas
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1834:. N.Y.: Duell, Sloan & Pearce, 1950.
1309:, New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston
1307:: An Indian History of the American West
631:First Nebraska Veteran Volunteer Cavalry
465:, and the final came in 1890 during the
1932:History of the Midwestern United States
1338:An arbitrary dividing line between the
1148:
445:were a series of conflicts between the
1912:Indigenous peoples of the Great Plains
1506:. Lincoln and London. P. 170, note 13.
1470:Circle of fire: the Indian war of 1865
1417:Circle of Fire: The Indian war of 1865
1414:Chapter 3 "Mud Springs and Rush Creek"
1344:The Winter Count of Crazy Horse's Life
1081:White River (Missouri River tributary)
947:The next major engagement occurred at
721:and was assigned to operate along the
116:United States victory, Sioux moved to
790:from the Hunkpapas and Hump from the
534:in America's largest mass-execution.
7:
1902:Indian wars of the American Old West
1781:. Scholarly Resources Inc. pp.
570:their descendants still live today.
1362:was the most junior officer in the
1264:Ball, Durwood (September 1, 2006).
673:Battle of the Platte Bridge Station
1201:. Cambridge. p. 108 and map p. 99.
1028:, something they had learned from
975:in May 1877, thus ending the war.
25:
1702:Indian Affairs. Laws and Treaties
1447:Pages 201 to 207 and 212 to 222,
1225:Indian Affairs. Laws and Treaties
1173:Indian Affairs. Laws and Treaties
1055:band of Ghost Dancers. They were
55:"Custer's Last Stand" during the
1574:Lincoln and London. pp. 112–114.
1252:Plenty Coups. Chief of the Crows
885:tribes. Following the influx of
659:a participant in the war party.
284:
273:
254:
243:
232:
136:
48:
1533:The Journal of American History
940:on June 25. Lieutenant Colonel
806:was signed. It established the
1927:Battles involving the Cheyenne
1583:Medicine Crow, Joseph (1992):
1544:Medicine Crow, Joseph (1992):
1214:. New York. Map facing p. xxi.
1210:Medicine Crow, Joseph (1992):
860:massacre on the Pawnee Indians
685:Powder River Expedition (1865)
485:was fought in September 1855.
1:
1922:Battles involving the Arapaho
1739:. Lincoln and London. p. 145.
1605:Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee
1305:Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee
1292:– via academic.oup.com.
1254:. Lincoln and London. p. 155.
1005:had previously returned from
835:. Further east, soldiers and
804:Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868)
695:Treaty of Fort Laramie (1851)
633:, and Companies "B" and "C,"
559:on July 28, 1864, and at the
449:and various subgroups of the
1754:www.friendslittlebighorn.com
1491:Western Historical Quarterly
1250:Linderman, Frank B. (1962):
1197:Hoxie, Frederick E. (1995):
938:Battle of the Little Bighorn
858:Especially after the Lakota
581:) showing lands of the Sioux
501:Treaty of Traverse des Sioux
1897:Battles involving the Sioux
1816:Limerick, Patricia Nelson.
1700:Kappler, Joseph C. (1904):
1561:Lincoln and London. P. 132.
1520:Journal of American Studies
1270:Journal of American History
1223:Kappler, Joseph C. (1904):
1188:Lincoln and London. p. 113.
1171:Kappler, Joseph C. (1904):
1113:followed later in the day.
557:Battle of Killdeer Mountain
544:Battle of Dead Buffalo Lake
1948:
1820:. N.Y.: W.W. Norton, 1987.
1722:McGinnis, Anthony (1990):
1678:Lincoln and London. p. 49.
1674:Dunlay, Thomas W. (1982).
1570:Dunlay, Thomas W. (1982).
1557:Dunlay, Thomas W. (1982).
1435:Chapter 34, Ware, Eugene,
1354:Chapter 32, Ware, Eugene,
1184:Dunlay, Thomas W. (1982).
982:
963:, on November 25, and the
870:
745:
732:Battle of the Tongue River
682:
623:General Robert B. Mitchell
589:
550:on July 28, 1863; and the
492:
304:Alligator-Stands-Up (Crow)
1867:"Atlas of the Sioux Wars"
1851:"Atlas of the Sioux Wars"
552:Battle of Whitestone Hill
390:
225:
128:
68:
47:
39:
1627:. St. Joseph. pp. 61–62.
825:Northern Pacific Railway
652:Spencer repeating rifles
57:Battle of Little Bighorn
1607:, ch. 6. Bantam Books.
1548:. New York. pp. 64, 84.
1356:The Indian War of 1864:
1155:Libby, Orin G. (1920):
965:Battle of Wolf Mountain
873:Great Sioux War of 1876
853:Great Sioux Reservation
808:Great Sioux Reservation
701:during the Lakota Wars.
667:at the present site of
410:Powder River Expedition
61:Crow Indian Reservation
1832:Rocky Mountain Country
1437:The Indian War of 1864
955:, while moving toward
922:Battle of Powder River
815:The early 1870s fights
767:Carrington reinforced
758:Treaty of Fort Laramie
705:In 1865 Major General
702:
635:First Nebraska Militia
582:
568:Crow Creek Reservation
561:Battle of the Badlands
546:on July 26, 1863; the
542:on July 24, 1863, the
513:Battle of Birch Coulee
420:Yellowstone Expedition
226:Commanders and leaders
1381:The Fighting Cheyenne
1157:The Arikara Narrative
1089:Wounded Knee Massacre
1067:shredded the camp on
930:Battle of the Rosebud
692:
576:
1861:on October 25, 2004.
1830:Williams, Albert N.
1726:. Evergreen. p. 129.
1691:. St. Joseph. p. 65.
1665:. St. Joseph. p. 62.
1649:. St. Joseph. p. 66.
1379:Footnote 6, p. 188,
1364:Seventh Iowa Cavalry
1111:Drexel Mission Fight
1105:Drexel Mission Fight
1075:Stranded 9th Cavalry
845:Fort Abraham Lincoln
819:On May 7, 1868, the
796:William J. Fetterman
627:Seventh Iowa Cavalry
548:Battle of Stony Lake
483:Battle of Ash Hollow
42:American Indian Wars
1687:Webb, G.W. (1939):
1661:Webb, G.W. (1939):
1645:Webb, G.W. (1939):
1623:Webb, G.W. (1939):
1603:Brown, Dee (1970):
1302:Brown, Dee (1970):
849:the tribe had ceded
762:Henry B. Carrington
741:
711:punitive expedition
619:Battle of Julesburg
610:Sand Creek massacre
563:on August 9, 1864.
540:Battle of Big Mound
517:Battle of Wood Lake
1771:Schubert, Frank N.
1750:"Cheyenne Primacy"
1704:. Vol. 2. p. 1002.
1587:. New York. p. xi.
1392:Pages 168 to 155,
1318:Pages 148 to 163,
1069:Wounded Knee Creek
910:Joseph J. Reynolds
707:Grenville M. Dodge
703:
625:consisting of the
583:
495:Dakota War of 1862
489:Dakota War of 1862
400:Dakota War of 1862
239:John M. Chivington
1877:on July 13, 2009.
1809:Lavender, David.
1504:Cheyenne Memories
1479:978-0-8117-0061-0
1457:978-0-8061-1577-1
1425:978-0-8117-0061-0
1402:978-0-8061-1577-1
1328:978-0-8061-1577-1
1227:. Vol. 2. p. 595.
1016:In October 1890,
914:Northern Cheyenne
883:Northern Cheyenne
786:from the Oglala,
715:Patrick E. Connor
664:fired the prairie
438:
437:
349:
348:
124:
123:
16:(Redirected from
1939:
1878:
1873:. Archived from
1862:
1857:. Archived from
1823:Smith, Duane A.
1797:
1796:
1780:
1767:
1758:
1757:
1746:
1740:
1733:
1727:
1720:
1714:
1711:
1705:
1698:
1692:
1685:
1679:
1672:
1666:
1659:
1650:
1643:
1637:
1634:
1628:
1621:
1615:
1601:
1588:
1581:
1575:
1568:
1562:
1555:
1549:
1542:
1536:
1529:
1523:
1516:
1507:
1500:
1494:
1487:
1481:
1465:
1459:
1445:
1439:
1433:
1427:
1410:
1404:
1390:
1384:
1377:
1371:
1352:
1346:
1336:
1330:
1316:
1310:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1261:
1255:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1240:. June 16, 2019.
1234:
1228:
1221:
1215:
1208:
1202:
1195:
1189:
1182:
1176:
1169:
1160:
1153:
1061:James W. Forsyth
1057:Miniconjou Sioux
1011:James McLaughlin
999:Dakota Territory
961:Dull Knife Fight
920:warriors in the
777:Fort C. F. Smith
773:Fort Phil Kearny
679:Powder River War
524:Dakota Territory
463:Grattan Massacre
385:
375:
368:
361:
352:
340:
324:
289:
288:
278:
277:
269:
261:George A. Custer
259:
258:
248:
247:
237:
236:
171:Eastern Shoshone
142:
140:
139:
91:
89:
83:
81:
70:
69:
52:
32:
21:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1882:
1881:
1865:
1849:
1841:
1806:
1801:
1800:
1793:
1769:
1768:
1761:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1734:
1730:
1721:
1717:
1712:
1708:
1699:
1695:
1686:
1682:
1673:
1669:
1660:
1653:
1644:
1640:
1635:
1631:
1622:
1618:
1602:
1591:
1582:
1578:
1569:
1565:
1556:
1552:
1543:
1539:
1530:
1526:
1517:
1510:
1501:
1497:
1488:
1484:
1466:
1462:
1446:
1442:
1434:
1430:
1411:
1407:
1391:
1387:
1378:
1374:
1353:
1349:
1337:
1333:
1317:
1313:
1301:
1297:
1282:10.2307/4486288
1263:
1262:
1258:
1249:
1245:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1222:
1218:
1209:
1205:
1196:
1192:
1183:
1179:
1170:
1163:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1128:
1119:
1107:
1077:
1045:U.S. government
987:
985:Ghost Dance War
981:
979:Ghost Dance War
969:Nelson A. Miles
875:
869:
867:Great Sioux War
829:Honsinger Bluff
817:
750:
748:Red Cloud's War
744:
742:Red Cloud's War
687:
681:
669:Casper, Wyoming
648:William Collins
602:John Chivington
594:
588:
579:Jefferson Davis
497:
491:
481:. The punitive
475:
473:First Sioux War
467:Ghost Dance War
439:
434:
430:Ghost Dance War
425:Great Sioux War
415:Red Cloud's War
395:First Sioux War
386:
381:
379:
342:
336:
330:
326:
320:
314:
310:
303:
298:
293:
283:
282:
280:Nelson A. Miles
272:
271:
265:
253:
252:
242:
241:
231:
194:
147:
137:
135:
108:
87:
85:
79:
77:
59:in 1876 on the
53:
28:
23:
22:
18:First Sioux War
15:
12:
11:
5:
1945:
1943:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1884:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1863:
1847:
1840:
1839:External links
1837:
1836:
1835:
1828:
1821:
1814:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1792:978-0842025867
1791:
1759:
1741:
1728:
1715:
1706:
1693:
1680:
1667:
1651:
1638:
1629:
1616:
1589:
1576:
1563:
1550:
1537:
1524:
1508:
1495:
1482:
1460:
1440:
1428:
1405:
1385:
1372:
1347:
1331:
1311:
1295:
1276:(2): 529–530.
1256:
1243:
1229:
1216:
1203:
1190:
1177:
1161:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1137:Merritt H. Day
1134:
1127:
1124:
1118:
1115:
1106:
1103:
1099:Medal of Honor
1094:William Wilson
1076:
1073:
1065:Hotchkiss guns
983:Main article:
980:
977:
871:Main article:
868:
865:
816:
813:
746:Main article:
743:
740:
683:Main article:
680:
677:
608:Following the
598:Eastern Plains
590:Main article:
587:
584:
493:Main article:
490:
487:
474:
471:
436:
435:
433:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
391:
388:
387:
380:
378:
377:
370:
363:
355:
347:
346:
305:
228:
227:
223:
222:
221:
220:
215:
210:
205:
193:
192:
187:
175:
174:
173:
168:
163:
158:
156:Arikara scouts
131:
130:
126:
125:
122:
121:
114:
110:
109:
99:
97:
93:
92:
74:
66:
65:
45:
44:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1944:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1833:
1829:
1826:
1822:
1819:
1815:
1812:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1794:
1788:
1784:
1779:
1778:
1772:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1751:
1745:
1742:
1738:
1732:
1729:
1725:
1719:
1716:
1710:
1707:
1703:
1697:
1694:
1690:
1684:
1681:
1677:
1671:
1668:
1664:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1642:
1639:
1633:
1630:
1626:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1613:0-553-11979-6
1610:
1606:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1580:
1577:
1573:
1567:
1564:
1560:
1554:
1551:
1547:
1541:
1538:
1534:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1499:
1496:
1492:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1471:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1389:
1386:
1382:
1376:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1341:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1315:
1312:
1308:
1306:
1299:
1296:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1260:
1257:
1253:
1247:
1244:
1239:
1233:
1230:
1226:
1220:
1217:
1213:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1152:
1149:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1123:
1117:Winter guards
1116:
1114:
1112:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
991:
986:
978:
976:
974:
973:Camp Robinson
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
945:
943:
942:George Custer
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
912:attacked 225
911:
906:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
874:
866:
864:
861:
856:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
814:
812:
809:
805:
799:
797:
793:
789:
785:
780:
778:
774:
770:
765:
763:
759:
755:
754:Bozeman Trail
749:
739:
737:
736:Sawyers Fight
733:
729:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
700:
696:
691:
686:
678:
676:
674:
670:
665:
660:
658:
653:
649:
644:
640:
639:Fort Mitchell
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
611:
606:
603:
599:
593:
585:
580:
575:
571:
569:
564:
562:
558:
553:
549:
545:
541:
535:
533:
529:
525:
520:
518:
514:
510:
507:and attacked
506:
502:
496:
488:
486:
484:
480:
479:Grattan Fight
472:
470:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
447:United States
444:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
392:
389:
384:
376:
371:
369:
364:
362:
357:
356:
353:
345:
341:
339:
333:
329:
325:
323:
317:
313:
309:
306:
301:
296:
292:
287:
281:
276:
270:
268:
262:
257:
251:
246:
240:
235:
230:
229:
224:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
200:
199:
198:
191:
188:
186:
183:
182:
181:
180:
176:
172:
169:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
153:
152:
151:
146:
145:
144:United States
133:
132:
127:
119:
115:
112:
111:
106:
105:United States
102:
98:
95:
94:
75:
72:
71:
67:
64:
62:
58:
51:
46:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
1875:the original
1870:
1859:the original
1854:
1831:
1824:
1817:
1810:
1804:Bibliography
1776:
1753:
1744:
1736:
1731:
1723:
1718:
1709:
1701:
1696:
1688:
1683:
1675:
1670:
1662:
1646:
1641:
1632:
1624:
1619:
1604:
1584:
1579:
1571:
1566:
1558:
1553:
1545:
1540:
1532:
1527:
1519:
1503:
1498:
1490:
1485:
1469:
1463:
1448:
1443:
1431:
1416:
1408:
1393:
1388:
1380:
1375:
1350:
1340:Colorado War
1334:
1319:
1314:
1303:
1298:
1273:
1269:
1259:
1251:
1246:
1232:
1224:
1219:
1211:
1206:
1198:
1193:
1185:
1180:
1172:
1156:
1151:
1120:
1108:
1078:
1049:
1037:medicine man
1018:Kicking Bear
1015:
1003:Sitting Bull
992:
988:
946:
934:George Crook
926:Powder River
918:Oglala Sioux
907:
899:Sitting Bull
895:South Dakota
879:Lakota Sioux
876:
857:
839:scouts from
833:Pease Bottom
818:
800:
781:
766:
751:
704:
661:
643:Fort Laramie
607:
595:
592:Colorado War
586:Colorado War
565:
536:
528:Camp Release
521:
509:Fort Ridgely
498:
476:
455:Fort Laramie
442:
440:
405:Colorado War
382:
344:Spotted Tail
337:
332:Black Kettle
328:Sitting Bull
321:
300:Plenty Coups
266:
250:George Crook
196:
195:
177:
149:
148:
134:
129:Belligerents
118:reservations
101:Great Plains
54:
40:Part of the
29:
1811:The Rockies
1368:Indian Wars
1360:Eugene Ware
1159:. Bismarck.
1132:Apache Wars
1087:, when the
1026:Ghost Dance
995:reservation
953:Anson Mills
949:Slim Buttes
903:Crazy Horse
891:Black Hills
887:gold miners
841:Fort McKean
792:Miniconjous
784:Crazy Horse
719:Nelson Cole
657:George Bent
316:Crazy Horse
308:Little Crow
297:(Shoshone)
291:Marcus Reno
1892:Sioux Wars
1886:Categories
1143:References
1085:Pine Ridge
1053:Big Foot's
1022:Short Bull
916:and a few
728:Black Bear
723:Loup River
709:ordered a
443:Sioux Wars
383:Sioux Wars
35:Sioux Wars
855:in 1868.
769:Fort Reno
615:Julesburg
312:Red Cloud
1773:(1997).
1126:See also
957:Deadwood
646:Colonel
295:Washakie
218:Comanche
203:Cheyenne
96:Location
1783:121–132
1290:4486288
1041:buffalo
997:in the
889:to the
837:Arikara
730:in the
532:Mankato
505:New Ulm
459:Wyoming
338:†
322:†
302:(Crow)
267:†
208:Arapaho
197:Allies:
150:Allies:
86: (
78: (
1789:
1611:
1477:
1455:
1423:
1400:
1326:
1288:
1034:Paiute
1030:Wovoka
1007:Canada
671:, the
629:, the
334:
318:
263:
190:Dakota
185:Lakota
166:Pawnee
141:
113:Result
1286:JSTOR
699:Crows
451:Sioux
213:Kiowa
179:Sioux
84:–1891
1787:ISBN
1609:ISBN
1475:ISBN
1453:ISBN
1421:ISBN
1398:ISBN
1324:ISBN
1109:The
1032:, a
1020:and
901:and
881:and
831:and
821:Crow
788:Gall
775:and
641:and
441:The
161:Crow
88:1891
80:1854
76:1854
73:Date
1278:doi
893:of
457:in
1888::
1869:.
1853:.
1785:.
1762:^
1752:.
1654:^
1592:^
1511:^
1284:.
1274:93
1272:.
1268:.
1164:^
1101:.
675:.
519:.
469:.
103:,
1795:.
1756:.
1370:.
1280::
374:e
367:t
360:v
120:.
90:)
82:)
63:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
