205:(First Voyage around the world). He was one of the eighteen survivors who returned to Spain aboard the "Victoria" and therefore considered as an eyewitness of the significant events happened on the first mass of which Magellan names it the Islands of Saint Lazarus that is later called the Philippine Archipelago. Pigafetta narrated on his account the events happened from March 16, 1521, when they first saw the Island of the Philippine group up to April 7, 1521, when the expedition landed on Cebu. On March 16, 1521, there was a "high land" named "Zamal" that was sighted by the Magellan's expedition which was some 300 leagues westward of the Ladrones Island. On March 17, 1521, they landed on "uninhabited island" or known as "Humunu" (
217:, Canighan, Baibai, and Gatighan. They sailed from Mazaua west by northwest into the Canigao channel, with Bohol island to port and Leyte and Canigao islands to starboard. Then they continue sailing northwards along the Leyte coast, past Baibai to Gatighan (it was 20 leagues from Mazaua and 15 leagues from Subu or Cebu. At Gatighan, they sailed westward to the three island of the Camotes group namely: Poro, Pasihan, and Ponson. From the Camotes Island they sailed southwestward towards "Zubu". On April 7 they entered the harbor of "Zubu" (Cebu). It takes them three days to negotiate the journey from Mazaua northwards to the
301:)... the following day (March 17, Sunday) the captain general desired to land on another island (Humunu) ...uninhabited... in order to be more secure and to get water and have some rest. He had two tents set up on shore for the sick. On Monday, March 18, we saw a boat coming towards us with nine men in it. This marks our first human contact with Europeans... giving signs of joy because of our arrival. At noon on Friday, March 22, those men came as they had promised. And we lay eight days in that place, where the captain every day visited the sick men who he had put ashore on the island to recover.
213:, then followed the Leyte coast southward passing between the island of Ibusson on their port side and Hinunangan Bay on their starboard, and then continued southward, the returning westward to Mazaua. On March 28, 1521, there is an island lies on a latitude of 9 and 2/3 towards the arctic pole and in a longitude 100 and 62 degrees from the line of demarcation. It is named as Mazaua which is 25 leagues from the Acquada. On April 4, 1521, they left Mazaua bound for Cebu and guided by their King who sailed on his own boat. All throughout their route, it took them past five island namely: Ceylon,
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national shrine to commemorate the birth of
Christianity in the Philippines." Magallanes is east of the island of Limasawa. In 1984 Imelda Marcos had a multi-million pesos Shrine of the First Holy Mass built, an edifice made of steel, bricks and polished concrete, and erected on top of a hill overlooking barangay Magallanes, Limasawa. A super typhoon completely wiped this out just a few months later. Another shrine was inaugurated in 2005.
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209:) which Pigafetta referred to as "Watering place of good signs" because the place is abundant in gold. Humunu lays right of Zamal at 10 degrees north latitude. They stayed there 8 days from March 17 to 25, 1521. On March 25, 1521, they left the island of Homonhon and change route towards west southwest, between four islands: namely, Cenalo, Hiunanghan, Ibusson, and Albarien. Afterwards, they sail westward towards
569:(NHCP) to further review continued claims in favor of Butuan. The pro-Butuan group presented non-eyewitness accounts decades after the Mass as their proofs. Meanwhile, the pro-Limasawa group provided the panel coordinates of Mazaua given by the eyewitnesses, studies and projects that retraced the Magellan–Elcano expedition using modern navigational instruments, and the copies of Pigafetta's original accounts.
133:(NHCP) panel adapted the recommendation and unanimously agreed that the evidence and arguments presented by the pro-Butuan advocates are not sufficient and convincing enough to warrant the repeal or reversal of the ruling on the case by the National Historical Institute (the NHCP's forerunner). It is further strengthened by the evidence that it was only after 22 years, in 1543—when a Spanish expedition led by
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southwest until they reached the island of Mazava. From there, they sailed northwards again towards the Island of
Seilani and followed the coast of Seilani towards northwest and saw three small islands. They sailed westwards and saw three islets where they anchored for the night. In the morning, they sailed southwest. There, they entered canal between two island, one of which was called Sugbu (now called
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565:(NHI) first took action on the Limasawa–Butuan controversy in 1980 followed by the creation of two more panels in 1995 and 2008. The government has consistently concluded Limasawa as the site of the first Easter Sunday Mass in the country. Another panel led by prominent historian Resil B. Mojares was formed in 2018 by now
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Ahead of the quincentennial celebration of the
Christianization of the Philippines, the NHCP dismissed the Butuan claim due to insufficient evidences to change the government's current position and reaffirmed Limasawa as the site of the first Easter Sunday Mass in the country. The panel also endorsed
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As observed by Gomez, the instance wherein
Pigafetta had written about the mass said it had two things in common; they are both held in the shores and there are Filipino natives present. Another passing evidence, a document found concerning the landing of Magellan's fleet in Suluan ''(Homonhon)'' and
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In the account of
Pigafetta, Gomez noticed that he failed to mention some points of the journey where the masses were held, one example is when they were at the port of San Julian. Pigafetta mentioned about a mass held on Palm Sunday, April 1, 1520, during their voyage to the west but never mentioned
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Potenciano R. Malvar, the chair of the Butuan
Calagan Historical Cultural Foundation and proponent of the Butuan claim, filed a lawsuit in response to the panel's conclusions alleging libel and falsification against the Mojares Panel and Borrinaga on March 18, 2021. The legal move was characterized
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mass on their last day on the island, held in
Homonhon before the expedition made their voyage to Limasawa Island. Historians, however, remained in disagreement whether the such religious celebrations, which were said to have been held as thanksgiving for the expedition's safe passage or to observe
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One contention is that the historical accuracy regarding the country's first
Catholic mass celebration is not only to be settled based on location but also on when it exactly occurred. The Mojares Panel addressed the debate by specifying that the historical occasion that occurred in Limasawa Island
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and there they anchored. Leaving from those two islands, they sailed westward to an island of Gada where they took in a supply of wood and water from that island, they sailed towards west to a large island called
Seilani (now Leyte). Along the coast of Seilani, they sailed southwards and turned
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On June 19, 1960, Republic Act No. 2733, known as the "Limasawa Law", was enacted without executive approval on June 19, 1960. The legislative fiat declared "The site in
Magallanes, Limasawa Island in the Province of Leyte, where the first Mass in the Philippines was held is hereby declared a
964:"Republic Act No. 2733 – An Act to Declare the Site in Magallanes, Limasawa Island in the Province of Leyte, Where the First Mass in the Philippines Was Held as a National Shrine, to Provide for the Preservation of Historical Monuments and Landmarks Thereat, and for Other Purposes"
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was a famous Italian traveler who studied navigation and known by the name of Antonio Lambardo or Francisco Antonio Pigafetta. He joined the Portuguese, Captain Ferdinand Magellan and his Spanish crew on their trip to Maluku Island. Pigafetta has the most complete account of
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for an expedition to search for spices, these explorers landed on the Philippines after their voyage from other proximate areas. On March 28, 1521, while at sea, they saw a bonfire which turned out to be Mazaua (believed to be today's Limasawa) where they anchored.
374:, he did not mention about the first mass in the Philippines but only the planting of the cross upon a mountain top from which could be seen three islands to the west and southwest, where they were told there was much gold. This also fits the southern end of
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the treaty with the natives featured in a blog post in 2004. It first came out in an article published in 1934 in Philippine Magazine featured by Percy Gil, and once again featured by Bambi Harper in her column at the Philippine Daily Inquirer back in 2004.
537:, the confusion originated on the misinterpretation of some of the 17th century historians such as Colin and Combes, often yielding incorrect representation of Magellan's voyage, which ultimately led to the misconception of the first mass being held at
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and then southwards to Cebu. That was the route of Magellan expedition as stated in the account of Pigafetta. In that route, the southernmost point reached before getting to Cebu was Mazaua, located at nine and two-thirds degrees North latitude.
274:, Magellan ordered a Mass to be celebrated which was officiated by Father Pedro Valderrama, the Andalusian chaplain of the fleet, the only priest then. Conducted near the shores of the island, the First Holy Mass marked the birth of
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the changes proposed by historian Rolando Borrinaga to recognize Triana instead of Magallanes as the specific site of the mass in Limasawa and Saub Point in Triana as the site of the cross planted by the Magellan expedition.
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1114:"hat the name of Luzon , which Mr. Romanet in his work Les voyages en Asie au XIV siecle, took for original in the work of Bl. Odoric de Pordenone is due to the natives and not to the foreigners; secondly,
122:, However, until at least the 19th century, the prevailing belief was that the first mass was held in Butuan. This belief is maintained by some, who assert that the first mass was instead held at Masao,
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referred the matter to the National Historical Institute for it to study the issue and recommend a historical finding. NHI chairman Dr. Samuel K. Tan reaffirmed Limasawa as the site of the first mass.
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about Easter Sunday. Same situation happened when the fleet arrived in the Philippines, Pigafetta only mentioned about the Easter Sunday Mass while he is silent on the Palm Sunday.
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Some Filipino historians have long contested the idea that Limasawa was the site of the first Catholic mass in the country. Historian Sonia Zaide identified Masao (also Mazaua) in
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166:, they saw land towards the northwest but they didn't land there due to shallow places and later found its name as Yunagan. On that same day, they went in a small island called
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that for Odoric the so-called islands of Dondiin, comprise Ceylon, a part of Sonda, probably Berneo and the Island Hainan, but by no means the Philippine Islands.
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Representative Ching Plaza filed a bill in Congress contesting the Limasawa hypothesis and asserting that the "site of the first mass" was in Butuan. The
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Limasawa celebrates the historic and religious coming of the Spaniards every March 31 with a cultural presentation and anniversary program dubbed as
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The Final Report of the Mojares Panel on the Butuan-Limasawa Controversy on the Location of the 1521 First Easter Sunday Mass in the Philippines.
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The Final Report of the Mojares Panel on the Butuan–Limasawa Controversy on the Location of the 1521 First Easter Sunday Mass in the Philippines
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Mass, thereby distinguishing it from prior masses that were conducted by the Spaniards onboard their ships sailing through the sea surrounding
183:). They sailed towards southwest on that canal then turned westward and anchored at the town of Sugbu wherein they stayed there for many days.
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At dawn on Saturday, March 16, 1521, (feast of St. Lazarus, Gomez inserted) we came upon a highland at a distance... an island named Zamal (
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It was until at least the 19th century that the prevailing belief among historians was that the first mass was held in Butuan.
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of Butuan. In those days, it was customary among the indigenous—and in most of southeast Asia—to seal friendship with a
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1345:"Official Position of the National Historical Commission of the Philippines on the Site of the 1521 Easter Sunday Mass"
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549:. Some write-ups accounted for the entrance of the ships from the southern part of the country whereas the account of
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344:, Antonio Pigafetta, who recorded the event said: "After the cross was erected in position, each of us repeated a
234:. When Magellan and comrades set foot on the grounds of Mazaua, he befriended the Rajah together with his brother
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in the Philippines. Colambu and Siaiu were the first natives of the archipelago, which was not yet named "
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On March 16, 1521, as they sailed in a westerly course from the Islas de los Ladrones, known today as the
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columnist John Nery as "dangerous nonsense" and a means to "weaponize the law against historical truth."
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2017:
1196:"NHCP: Homonhon as site of 'first Mass' in PHL still an 'academic discussion' | Roy Lagarde / CBCP News"
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revealed the entrance from the eastern part of the country, from the direction of the Pacific region.
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779:"Butuan or Limasawa: The Site of the First Mass in the Philippines: A Reexamination of the Evidence"
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Robles, Humberto E. (1985). "The First Voyage Around the World: From Pigafetta to GarcĂa Márquez".
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from which no islands could be seen to the south or the southwest, but only towards the north.
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802:"CHAPTER 2::Content and Contextual Analysis of Selected Primary Sources in Philippine History"
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However, there is scholarly doubt that Odoric was ever at the Philippines. Ultimately, the
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481:. The paper's assertion claimed that by deducing from the timing of their arrival and the
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246:, the new friends performed the ritual. This was the first recorded blood compact between
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states that the first Mass on Philippine soil was celebrated in Bolinao Bay in 1324 by a
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For further investigation, some points at Pigafetta's account was translated as follows:
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as the location of the first Christian mass. The basis of Zaide's claim is the diary of
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638:"Limasawa, Not Butuan: Gov't Historians Affirm Site of 1521 Easter Sunday Mass in PH"
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1165:"Was First Mass Held in Limasawa or Butuan? Church Urged to Help Settle Controversy"
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on March 16, 1521, and remained for eight days, which coincided two Sundays and the
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703:"Controversy over Site of Celebration of Philippines' First Catholic Mass Resolved"
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Today, this site is widely believed by many historians and the government to be
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Magellan then took ownership of the islands where he had landed in the name of
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because it was the day of the saint when the Armada reached the archipelago.
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In the afternoon of the same day, Magellan instructed his comrades to plant
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Pigfetta, Antonio (2008) . Helen, Emma; Robinson, James Alexander (eds.).
254:. Gifts were exchanged by the two parties when the celebration had ended.
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1248:"Butuan to Pursue Claim It Was Site of First Mass in RP, 485 Years Age"
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to the NHCP stated that the Magellan expedition reached the shores of
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and the earlier mass supposedly held in Bolinao, Pangasinan, in 1324.
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An Evaluation of the Controversy on the First Mass in the Philippines
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242:. On instigation of Magellan who had heard the Malayan term for it,
1390:"Quest to name Butuan site of first Catholic mass takes legal turn"
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in use in 1521, there were no less than four masses, including the
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in around 1324 that would have predated the mass held in 1521 by
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1931:
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NHCP's Latest Ruling on the 1521 Easter Sunday Mass Controversy
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A position paper submitted by the chancellor of the Diocese of
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676:. June 8, 2014. Archived from the original on April 16, 2016.
729:"Limasawa, Not Butuan, Affirmed As Site of First Mass in PH"
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in 1543, to attend the Mass among other native inhabitants.
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Replica of the marker unveiled in Limasawa on March 31, 1951
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To end the conflict for the issue about the first mass, the
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along the shores of what was referred to in the journals of
1295:. Manila: National Historical Institute. pp. 31–35.
1881:
Elcano & Magellan: The First Voyage Around the World
461:
as the venue of the first Mass, held on March 31, 1521.
747:"A Short Philippine History Before the 1898 Revolution"
340:
on the top of the hill overlooking the sea. Magellan's
727:
Mayol, Ador Vincent; Gabieta, Joey (August 21, 2020).
502:
Location of Butuan in the province of Agusan del Norte
352:, and adored the cross; and the kings did the same."
1901:
BalikBayan #1: Memories of Overdevelopment, Redux VII
1816:
2021 Quincentennial Commemorations in the Philippines
1339:
1337:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
979:"The Right Place for Disputed First Mass in Limasawa"
1416:"Raps filed vs panel over 1st Philippine mass claim"
1042:"That 'First Mass' in Philippines in proper context"
332:
Building purportedly containing the Magellan's Cross
103:. It was conducted by Father Pedro de Valderrama of
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1349:National Historical Commission of the Philippines
1222:"Debate lingers 500 years after first Mass in PH"
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866:
825:
823:
821:
567:National Historical Commission of the Philippines
131:National Historical Commission of the Philippines
97:first documented Catholic Mass in the Philippines
1968:Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines
753:. Society of St Pius X – District of Asia. 2001
295:
3566:Parish Pastoral Council for Responsible Voting
1364:"Resolving debate on site of first Mass in PH"
631:
629:
627:
1943:
1534:
1122:Philippine Studies 13, n. 2 (1965), 296 – 297
1091:"The First Christmas Tree in the Philippines"
857:Dioramas: A Visual History of the Philippines
814:on August 7, 2020 – via slideshare.net.
772:
770:
768:
516:Agusan del Norte's 1st congressional district
8:
670:"Limasawa First Mass Not a 'Hoax' – Experts"
514:, chronicler of Magellan's voyage. In 1995,
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1134:"Bolinao Stakes Claim to Mass Held in 1324"
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1980:
1950:
1936:
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1821:
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1541:
1527:
1519:
1267:"Butuan Reclaims Part as First Mass Venue"
1040:Cyberbuddy, Buddy Gomez- (June 18, 2021).
636:Lacuata, Rose Carmelle (August 20, 2020).
56:
49:
915:
913:
1442:"Weaponizing the law... against history"
977:Borrinaga, Rolando O. (April 14, 2007).
2129:2016 International Eucharistic Congress
2124:Pope Francis's visit to the Philippines
1120:"Bibliography on Legazpi and Urdaneta,"
1089:Ocampo, Ambeth R. (December 25, 2012).
592:
529:Confusion on meeting the king of Butuan
490:the beginning of Holy Week, did occur.
359:which he had named earlier on March 16
1132:Fuertes, Yolanda (November 17, 2007).
919:
679:
657:
534:
179:) and the other was Matan (now called
27:1521 Mass during Magellan's expedition
1035:
1033:
783:BUDHI: A Journal of Ideas and Culture
453:recognized the historical records of
7:
1509:NHCP Board Resolution No. 2, s. 2020
834:. Quezon City: Garotech Publishing.
701:Reyes, Ronald O. (August 20, 2020).
149:and where European crew sailed from
3418:Notre Dame Broadcasting Corporation
1388:Lopez, Alexander (March 19, 2021).
1362:Orejas, Tonette (August 16, 2020).
1163:Mascarinas, Erwin (April 3, 2012).
386:Proclamation of the national shrine
3652:Catholic Church in the Philippines
3461:Schools, colleges and universities
3283:Intramuros Grand Marian Procession
1959:Catholic Church in the Philippines
1194:Lagarde, Roy (December 20, 2020).
1118:" – Cited by Isacio R. Rodriguez,
751:Newsletter of the District of Asia
602:"Limasawa: Site of the First Mass"
25:
1220:Canlas, Jomar (January 4, 2021).
1009:"Southern Leyte Is Famous For..."
892:"Was the First Mass in Homonhon?"
378:. It does not suits the coast of
230:The island's sovereign ruler was
3624:
3612:
3443:Jesuit Communications Foundation
3438:Cebu Catholic Television Network
2787:Catechism for Filipino Catholics
2146:
1014:. Tourism.gov.ph. Archived from
935:The Philippine Islands 1493–1898
880:. Manila: Inang Wika Publishing.
855:Mercado, Monina A., ed. (1985).
832:Introduction to Filipino History
3576:Pope's Worldwide Prayer Network
2114:Canonization of Pedro Calungsod
2099:Reproductive Health Bill debate
1477:. Rex Bookstore, Inc. pp.
800:Christo, Monte (July 1, 2018).
105:Ferdinand Magellan's expedition
2964:Crucifixion in the Philippines
1265:Serrano, Ben (April 4, 2006).
1246:Serrano, Ben (April 2, 2006).
830:Agoncillo, Teodoro A. (1974).
202:Primo viaggio intorno al mondo
1:
3594:Pontificio Collegio Filippino
3499:Colegio de San Juan de Letran
1779:First Mass in the Philippines
938:. BiblioBazaar, LLC. p.
859:. Metro Manila: Ayala Museum.
563:National Historical Institute
447:National Historical Institute
442:missionary, Blessed Odorico.
51:First Mass in the Philippines
18:First mass in the Philippines
2928:Religious of the Virgin Mary
2918:Franciscan Apostolic Sisters
2109:Revision of the Roman Missal
1440:Nery, John (June 15, 2021).
1328:10.1016/0191-6599(85)90082-8
608:. Ops.gov.ph. Archived from
141:Landing on Philippine shores
99:was held on March 31, 1521,
3263:Feast of the Black Nazarene
520:Congress of the Philippines
3678:
2913:Dominican Sisters of Siena
2144:
1871:Over the Edge of the World
966:. Supreme Court E-Library.
321:
282:" until the expedition of
187:Diary of Antonio Pigafetta
3607:
3494:University of Santo Tomas
2084:World Meeting of Families
1965:
1728:Maximilianus Transylvanus
1703:Juan RodrĂguez de Fonseca
1556:
1316:History of European Ideas
686:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
580:Philippine Daily Inquirer
55:
2503:San Fernando de La Union
1291:Medina, Isagani (1981).
402:Historical controversies
3662:1521 in the Philippines
3599:San Lorenzo Ruiz Chapel
3524:Catholic Women's League
3423:Radio Maria Philippines
2513:San Jose de Nueva Ecija
2051:People Power Revolution
2008:Secularization movement
777:Bernad, Miguel (2002).
606:Philippines News Agency
434:. A marker in front of
398:, meaning "beginning".
284:Ruy Lopez de Villalobos
135:Ruy LĂłpez de Villalobos
3631:Philippines portal
3619:Catholicism portal
3413:Catholic Media Network
3313:Fasting and abstinence
3288:Obando Fertility Rites
2865:Augustinian Recollects
2591:Territorial prelatures
2036:Second Vatican Council
1841:First Mass at Limasawa
1073:Mojares Panel (2020),
503:
407:be known as the First
333:
311:
270:On March 31, 1521, an
267:
44:considered for merging
3539:Family Rosary Crusade
3058:Immaculate Conception
2992:Santo Niño de Arévalo
2974:Eucharistic adoration
2094:Death of Cardinal Sin
2089:Death of John Paul II
2018:Philippine Revolution
1684:Non-expedition people
1578:Juan Sebastián Elcano
1471:Halili, M.C. (2004).
874:Agoncillo, Teodoro A.
501:
331:
322:Further information:
318:Planting of the cross
265:
158:Log of Francisco Albo
151:SanlĂşcar de Barrameda
2624:Apostolic vicariates
2581:Military Ordinariate
2573:Military ordinariate
2119:Million People March
2061:Death penalty debate
2056:1995 World Youth Day
2003:Expulsion of Jesuits
1613:AndrĂ©s de San MartĂn
1144:on December 22, 2014
1018:on February 12, 2008
989:on February 13, 2009
338:a large wooden cross
199:expedition entitled
137:landed in Mindanao.
62:Location of Limasawa
3657:Magellan expedition
3554:Neocatechumenal Way
3544:Knights of Columbus
3384:Historical churches
2860:Augustinian in Cebu
2793:Doctrina Christiana
2744:Florentino Lavarias
2652:San Jose in Mindoro
2508:San Jose de Antique
2498:San Carlos Borromeo
2023:American occupation
1713:Christopher de Haro
1550:Magellan expedition
1252:The Philippine Star
898:. November 25, 2004
612:on October 15, 2007
600:Valencia, Linda B.
557:Government position
483:liturgical calendar
424:Odoric of Pordenone
170:which is a part of
52:
3529:Couples for Christ
3071:La Naval de Manila
2985:Santo Niño de Cebú
2704:Rex Andrew Alarcon
2684:Luis Antonio Tagle
1998:Spanish occupation
1811:Strait of Magellan
1806:Santo Niño de Cebú
1633:Enrique of Malacca
1593:MartĂn de Ayamonte
1573:Ferdinand Magellan
1474:Philippine History
1351:. August 19, 2020.
1175:on January 9, 2015
878:Philippine History
504:
432:Ferdinand Magellan
370:In the Account of
334:
268:
147:Ferdinand Magellan
3639:
3638:
3399:
3398:
3166:
3165:
3150:San José de Baras
2936:
2935:
2769:Socrates Villegas
2694:Gaudencio Rosales
2670:
2669:
2142:
2141:
2041:First Papal visit
1925:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1914:
1906:
1896:
1886:
1876:
1866:
1856:
1846:
1836:
1801:Puerto San Julián
1795:Patagonian giants
1762:
1761:
1608:Gaspar de Quesada
1598:Juan de Cartagena
1583:Antonio Pigafetta
1488:978-971-23-3934-9
949:978-1-4264-6706-6
896:mpq3.blogspot.com
551:Antonio Pigafetta
512:Antonio Pigafetta
449:led by its chair
307:Antonio Pigafetta
276:Roman Catholicism
192:Antonio Pigafetta
109:Antonio Pigafetta
93:
92:
16:(Redirected from
3669:
3629:
3628:
3627:
3617:
3616:
3177:
3078:Paz y Buen Viaje
2947:
2839:
2266:
2211:Lingayen–Dagupan
2150:
2031:Asia-Pacific War
1981:
1952:
1945:
1938:
1929:
1912:
1904:
1895:(2022 TV series)
1894:
1884:
1874:
1864:
1854:
1844:
1834:
1822:
1789:Magellan's Cross
1774:Battle of Mactan
1688:
1543:
1536:
1529:
1520:
1492:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1341:
1332:
1331:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1226:The Manila Times
1217:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1171:. Archived from
1160:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1140:. Archived from
1129:
1123:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1086:
1080:
1079:
1070:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1037:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1005:
999:
998:
996:
994:
985:. Archived from
974:
968:
967:
960:
954:
953:
929:
923:
917:
908:
907:
905:
903:
888:
882:
881:
870:
861:
860:
852:
846:
845:
827:
816:
815:
810:. Archived from
797:
791:
790:
774:
763:
762:
760:
758:
743:
737:
736:
724:
718:
717:
715:
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698:
692:
691:
685:
677:
666:
660:
655:
646:
645:
633:
622:
621:
619:
617:
597:
324:Magellan's Cross
309:
71:March 31, 1521 (
60:
53:
47:
21:
3677:
3676:
3672:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3667:
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3642:
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3640:
3635:
3625:
3623:
3611:
3603:
3580:
3510:
3447:
3395:
3345:
3299:
3241:
3162:
3135:
3004:
2932:
2899:
2828:
2824:Pedro Calungsod
2805:
2773:
2749:Jose Romeo Lazo
2739:Angelito Lampon
2729:Gilbert Garcera
2699:Orlando Quevedo
2666:
2647:Puerto Princesa
2618:
2585:
2567:
2255:
2164:
2159:
2151:
2138:
2065:
1970:
1961:
1956:
1926:
1917:
1845:(1965 painting)
1820:
1784:Magellan Shrine
1758:
1732:
1679:
1637:
1628:Luis de Mendoza
1561:
1552:
1547:
1500:
1495:
1489:
1470:
1466:
1464:Further reading
1461:
1460:
1450:
1448:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1424:
1422:
1413:
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1408:
1398:
1396:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1372:
1370:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1343:
1342:
1335:
1313:
1312:
1308:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1275:
1273:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1230:
1228:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1204:
1202:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1178:
1176:
1169:InterAksyon.com
1162:
1161:
1157:
1147:
1145:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1113:
1109:
1099:
1097:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1072:
1071:
1060:
1050:
1048:
1039:
1038:
1031:
1021:
1019:
1012:Wow Philippines
1007:
1006:
1002:
992:
990:
976:
975:
971:
962:
961:
957:
950:
931:
930:
926:
918:
911:
901:
899:
890:
889:
885:
872:
871:
864:
854:
853:
849:
842:
829:
828:
819:
799:
798:
794:
776:
775:
766:
756:
754:
745:
744:
740:
726:
725:
721:
711:
709:
700:
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695:
678:
668:
667:
663:
656:
649:
635:
634:
625:
615:
613:
599:
598:
594:
589:
559:
531:
496:
467:
421:
404:
388:
326:
320:
310:
305:
260:
228:
219:Camotes Islands
189:
164:Mariana Islands
160:
143:
118:off the tip of
63:
48:
32:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3675:
3673:
3665:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3644:
3643:
3637:
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3634:
3633:
3621:
3608:
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3601:
3596:
3590:
3588:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3556:
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3549:Legion of Mary
3546:
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3531:
3526:
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3407:
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3400:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3374:Filipino names
3371:
3364:
3359:
3353:
3351:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3343:
3340:Visita Iglesia
3336:
3329:
3322:
3315:
3309:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3297:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3277:Flores de Mayo
3273:
3266:
3259:
3251:
3249:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3239:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3215:
3208:
3203:
3201:Christmas tree
3198:
3193:
3185:
3183:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3153:
3145:
3143:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3126:
3119:
3114:
3107:
3100:
3093:
3091:Perpetual Help
3088:
3081:
3074:
3067:
3060:
3055:
3048:
3041:
3034:
3027:
3020:
3014:
3012:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3002:
2995:
2988:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2959:Black Nazarene
2955:
2953:
2944:
2938:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2909:
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2836:
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2821:
2815:
2813:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2803:
2796:
2789:
2783:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2714:Victor Bendico
2711:
2709:Ricardo Baccay
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2689:Jose Advincula
2686:
2680:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2628:
2626:
2620:
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2617:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2595:
2593:
2587:
2586:
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2583:
2577:
2575:
2569:
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2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
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2375:
2370:
2365:
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2355:
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2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
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2274:
2272:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2181:Cagayan de Oro
2178:
2172:
2170:
2153:
2152:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2075:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1989:
1987:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1955:
1954:
1947:
1940:
1932:
1923:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1907:
1897:
1887:
1877:
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1857:
1847:
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1828:
1826:
1819:
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1803:
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1776:
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1768:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1759:
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1746:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1698:King Charles I
1694:
1692:
1685:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1660:
1653:
1645:
1643:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1603:Ginés de Mafra
1600:
1595:
1590:
1588:Duarte Barbosa
1585:
1580:
1575:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1554:
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1511:
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1499:
1498:External links
1496:
1494:
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1487:
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1462:
1459:
1458:
1432:
1414:Serrano, Ben.
1406:
1394:www.pna.gov.ph
1380:
1354:
1333:
1322:(4): 385–404.
1306:
1283:
1271:sunstar.com.ph
1257:
1238:
1212:
1200:BusinessMirror
1186:
1155:
1124:
1107:
1081:
1058:
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1000:
969:
955:
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924:
909:
883:
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764:
738:
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693:
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647:
623:
591:
590:
588:
585:
558:
555:
541:, rather than
530:
527:
495:
492:
466:
463:
459:Southern Leyte
436:Bolinao Church
420:
417:
403:
400:
387:
384:
372:Francisco Albo
357:King Charles V
319:
316:
303:
259:
256:
227:
224:
188:
185:
159:
156:
142:
139:
120:Southern Leyte
91:
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88:Southern Leyte
81:
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31:
26:
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3428:Radio Veritas
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1754:Rajah Humabon
1752:
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1723:Diogo Ribeiro
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1618:EstĂŞvĂŁo Gomes
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922:, pp. 73
921:
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841:971-10-2409-8
837:
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658:Bernad (2002)
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535:Bernad (2002)
533:According to
528:
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451:Ambeth Ocampo
448:
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418:
416:
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410:
409:Easter Sunday
401:
399:
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385:
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373:
368:
366:
365:Saint Lazarus
362:
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272:Easter Sunday
264:
257:
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241:
240:blood compact
237:
233:
232:Rajah Kolambu
226:Blood compact
225:
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111:as "Mazaua".
110:
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101:Easter Sunday
98:
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85:
82:
78:
74:
73:Easter Sunday
70:
66:
59:
54:
45:
41:
40:
39:Infobox event
36:
30:
19:
3558:
3388:
3366:
3362:Bamboo Organ
3338:
3331:
3324:
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3268:
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3254:
3236:Simbang Gabi
3234:
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3036:
3029:
3022:
2999:Señor Tesoro
2997:
2990:
2983:
2979:Sacred Heart
2969:Divine Mercy
2819:Lorenzo Ruiz
2798:
2791:
2241:San Fernando
2157:Archdioceses
2071:Contemporary
2028:World War II
1992:
1909:
1899:
1889:
1879:
1869:
1859:
1839:
1831:
1778:
1718:Jorge Reinel
1674:
1669:
1662:
1655:
1648:
1473:
1449:. Retrieved
1446:INQUIRER.net
1445:
1435:
1423:. Retrieved
1420:Philstar.com
1419:
1409:
1397:. Retrieved
1393:
1383:
1371:. Retrieved
1368:INQUIRER.net
1367:
1357:
1348:
1319:
1315:
1309:
1292:
1286:
1276:December 13,
1274:. Retrieved
1270:
1260:
1251:
1241:
1229:. Retrieved
1225:
1215:
1203:. Retrieved
1199:
1189:
1177:. Retrieved
1173:the original
1168:
1158:
1148:December 23,
1146:. Retrieved
1142:the original
1138:Inquirer.net
1137:
1127:
1115:
1110:
1098:. Retrieved
1095:Inquirer.net
1094:
1084:
1075:
1049:. Retrieved
1046:ABS-CBN News
1045:
1022:November 15,
1020:. Retrieved
1016:the original
1011:
1003:
993:November 12,
991:. Retrieved
987:the original
983:Inquirer.net
982:
972:
958:
934:
927:
902:December 22,
900:. Retrieved
895:
886:
877:
856:
850:
831:
812:the original
805:
795:
786:
782:
757:November 12,
755:. Retrieved
750:
741:
733:Inquirer.net
732:
722:
710:. Retrieved
706:
696:
673:
664:
642:ABS-CBN News
641:
616:November 12,
614:. Retrieved
610:the original
605:
595:
578:
575:
571:
560:
532:
524:
505:
468:
444:
422:
405:
395:
393:
389:
369:
354:
349:
346:Pater Noster
345:
335:
312:
296:
292:
288:
269:
243:
229:
200:
190:
161:
144:
128:
113:
96:
94:
37:
29:
3471:Divine Word
3466:Augustinian
3230:Three Kings
3225:Santa Claus
3206:Gift giving
3085:Peñafrancia
3024:Buen Suceso
2870:Divine Word
2855:Augustinian
2046:Martial Law
1913:(2023 film)
1905:(2023 film)
1885:(2019 film)
1875:(2003 book)
1865:(2002 film)
1855:(1972 song)
1835:(1955 film)
1708:Rui Faleiro
1675:San Antonio
1623:JoĂŁo SerrĂŁo
920:Halili 2004
712:October 26,
547:Philippines
487:Palm Sunday
361:Archipelago
280:Philippines
236:Rajah Siagu
33:‹ The
3646:Categories
3534:El Shaddai
3506:Vincentian
3490:Dominican
3486:Notre Dame
3357:Almsgiving
3333:Via Crucis
3256:Ati-Atihan
3212:Nochebuena
3157:Tata Hosep
3104:Porta Vaga
3031:Candelaria
2923:Notre Dame
2880:Franciscan
2779:Literature
2533:Tagbilaran
2473:Novaliches
2448:Malaybalay
2398:Kabankalan
2328:Cabanatuan
2270:Suffragans
2246:Tuguegarao
2162:cathedrals
1993:First Mass
1749:Rajah Ache
1650:ConcepciĂłn
1179:January 9,
807:SlideShare
789:: 146–154.
707:Licas News
587:References
440:Franciscan
428:Pangasinan
342:chronicler
258:First Mass
3571:The Feast
3453:Education
3368:Bayanihan
3305:Holy Week
3270:Dinagyang
3247:Festivals
3181:Christmas
3123:SalvaciĂłn
2942:Devotions
2875:Dominican
2834:Religious
2518:San Pablo
2483:Parañaque
2413:Kidapawan
2363:Dumaguete
2308:Bayombong
2251:Zamboanga
1891:Boundless
1861:Lapu-Lapu
1832:Lapu-Lapu
1301:0115-3927
1100:March 29,
682:cite news
674:CBCP News
479:Holy Week
350:Ave Maria
252:Spaniards
248:Filipinos
244:casi casi
42:is being
3586:Overseas
3560:Opus Dei
3481:La Salle
3433:TV Maria
3326:Senákulo
3111:Remedios
3045:Caysasay
2895:Salesian
2890:La Salle
2847:brothers
2676:Prelates
2558:Urdaneta
2523:Sorsogon
2478:Pagadian
2428:Libmanan
2403:Kalookan
2338:Catarman
2333:Calbayog
2318:Borongan
2283:Antipolo
2278:Alaminos
2261:Dioceses
2196:Cotabato
2167:churches
2079:EDSA Dos
2013:Gomburza
1976:Timeline
1851:Magellan
1825:In media
1744:Lapulapu
1691:European
1670:Santiago
1664:Victoria
1657:Trinidad
1559:Timeline
1451:June 19,
1425:June 19,
1399:June 19,
1373:June 19,
1231:June 19,
1205:June 19,
1051:June 19,
876:(1962).
543:Limasawa
475:Homonhon
471:Borongan
465:Homonhon
455:Limasawa
396:Sinugdan
376:Limasawa
304:—
207:Homonhon
197:Magellan
116:Limasawa
84:Limasawa
80:Location
46:. ›
35:template
3379:Funeral
3294:Sinulog
3172:Culture
3130:Turumba
3064:Manaoag
3038:Caracol
3018:Angelus
2905:Sisters
2843:Priests
2724:John Du
2637:Calapan
2609:Isabela
2604:Infanta
2599:Batanes
2543:Talibon
2528:Surigao
2493:Romblon
2463:Masbate
2453:Malolos
2423:Legazpi
2358:Dipolog
2303:Bangued
2298:Balanga
2288:Bacolod
2176:Caceres
2134:500 YOC
1985:History
1767:Related
419:Bolinao
348:and an
3476:Jesuit
3350:Others
3319:Pabasa
3196:Carols
3141:Joseph
3117:Rosary
3010:Marian
2885:Jesuit
2811:Saints
2800:PasyĂłn
2662:Taytay
2614:Marawi
2553:Tarlac
2548:Tandag
2458:Marbel
2438:Maasin
2433:Lucena
2408:Kalibo
2383:Iligan
2378:Ilagan
2368:Gumaca
2323:Butuan
2293:Baguio
2231:Ozamis
2221:Manila
1485:
1299:
946:
838:
539:Butuan
508:Butuan
380:Butuan
181:Mactan
168:Suluan
124:Butuan
3516:Laity
3405:Media
3219:Parol
3190:Belén
2951:Jesus
2657:Tabuk
2563:Virac
2538:Tagum
2488:Pasig
2468:Naval
2418:Laoag
2353:Digos
2343:Cubao
2201:Davao
2186:Capiz
1737:Asian
1642:Ships
1479:72–73
494:Masao
413:Samar
299:Samar
215:Bohol
211:Leyte
172:Samar
145:When
3390:Mano
3097:Piat
3052:Guia
2845:and
2642:Jolo
2443:Mati
2393:Imus
2388:Ipil
2348:Daet
2313:Boac
2236:Palo
2216:Lipa
2206:Jaro
2191:Cebu
2165:and
1910:1521
1566:Crew
1483:ISBN
1453:2021
1427:2021
1401:2021
1375:2021
1297:ISSN
1278:2008
1233:2021
1207:2021
1181:2015
1150:2014
1102:2021
1053:2021
1024:2007
995:2007
944:ISBN
904:2019
836:ISBN
759:2007
714:2020
688:link
618:2007
561:The
250:and
177:Cebu
95:The
68:Date
2373:Iba
1324:doi
940:129
577:by
457:in
363:of
3648::
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75:)
20:)
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