Magellan expedition - Knowledge (XXG)

1072: 410: 1647:, and put in chains for the remainder of the journey. Gomes was known to have feelings of animosity towards Magellan (as documented by Pigafetta, who wrote that "Gomes... hated the Captain General exceedingly", because he had hoped to have his own expedition to the Moluccas funded instead of Magellan's), and shortly before the fleet was separated, had argued with him about their next course of action. While Magellan and the other officers agreed to continue west to the Moluccas, thinking that their 2–3 months of rations would be sufficient for the journey, Gomes argued that they should return to Spain the way they had come, to muster more supplies for another journey through the strait. 2841: 40: 1655:

particular, in justifying the mutiny at St. Julian, the men claimed that Magellan had tortured Spanish seamen (during the return journey across the Atlantic, Mezquita was tortured into signing a statement to this effect) and claimed that they were merely trying to make Magellan follow the king's orders. Ultimately, none of the mutineers faced charges in Spain. Magellan's reputation suffered as a result, as did his friends and family. Mezquita was kept in jail for a year following the trial, and Magellan's wife, Beatriz, had her financial resources cut off and was placed under house arrest along with their son.

1978:, offering him a last chance to accept the king of Spain as their ruler and avoid bloodshed. Lapu-Lapu refused. Magellan took 49 men to the shore while 11 remained to guard the boats. Though they had the benefit of relatively advanced armour and weaponry, Magellan's forces were greatly outnumbered. Pigafetta (who was present on the battlefield) estimated the enemy's number at 1,500. Magellan's forces were driven back and decisively defeated. Magellan died in battle, along with several comrades, including Cristóvão Rebelo, Magellan's illegitimate son. 1664: 3088: 1615: 1423:. On 11 August, two weeks before the fleet left St. Julian, the two were taken to a small nearby island and left to die. Days later, the pilot of the ship San Antonio, Esteban Gómez, shot down its captain, Álvaro de Mezquita, Magellan's cousin, abandoning Magellan's expedition to return to Spain. He returned for Juan de Cartagena and Pedro Sánchez de la Reina, but found no trace of them.More than forty other conspirators, including Juan Sebastián Elcano, were put in chains for much of the winter and made to perform the hard work of 256: 1510: 605: 1595:, Gonzalo de Espinosa led a small ship to explore the further reaches of the strait. After three days of sailing, they reached the end of the strait and the mouth of the Pacific Ocean. After another three days, Espinosa returned. Pigafetta writes that, on hearing the news of Espinosa's discovery, Magellan wept tears of joy. The fleet's remaining three ships completed the journey to the Pacific by 28 November after weeks of fruitlessly searching for the 1995:

elected co-commanders, was left alive and brought to the shore facing the Spanish ships. Serrano begged the men on board to pay a ransom to the Cebuanos. The Spanish ships left port, and Serrano was (presumably) killed. In his account, Pigafetta speculates that João Carvalho, who became first in command in the absence of Barbosa and Serrano, abandoned Serrano (his one-time friend) so that he could remain in command of the fleet.

1246: 1498: 1966: 1857:(an indication that they had indeed completed a circumnavigation, and were approaching familiar lands). They exchanged gifts with the natives (receiving porcelain jars painted with Chinese designs), and later that day, Magellan was introduced to their leaders, Rajah Kolambu and Rajah Siawi. Afterwards, Magellan would become a "blood brother" to Kolambu, undergoing the local 2004: 6862: 1296:, where they ambushed Álvaro de Mezquita, the recently named captain of the ship. Mezquita was Magellan's cousin and sympathetic to the captain general. Juan de Elorriaga, the ship's master, resisted the mutineers and attempted to alert the other ships. For this reason, Quesada stabbed him repeatedly (he would die from his wounds months later). 972:

us greatly, for we were in tears, only expecting the hour of perishing; and when that holy light was going away from us it gave out so great a brilliancy in the eyes of each, that we were near a quarter-of-an-hour like people blinded, and calling out for mercy. For without any doubt nobody hoped to escape from that storm.

1752:, whose cause was not understood at the time. Pigafetta reported that, of the 166 men who embarked on the Pacific crossing, 19 died and "twenty-five or thirty fell ill of diverse sicknesses". Magellan, Pigafetta, and other officers were not afflicted with scorbutic symptoms, which may have been because they ate preserved 872:. Crew members of other nations were also recorded, including 29 Italians, 17 French, and a smaller number of Flemish, German, Greek, Irish, English, Asian, and black sailors. Counted among the Spanish crew members were at least 29 Basques (including Juan Sebastián Elcano), some of whom did not speak Spanish fluently. 1743:

we only ate old biscuit reduced to powder, and full of grubs, and stinking from the dirt which the rats had made on it when eating the good biscuit, and we drank water that was yellow and stinking. We also ate the ox hides which were under the main-yard, so that the yard should not break the rigging:

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Magellan (along with contemporary geographers) had no conception of the vastness of the Pacific Ocean. He imagined that South America was separated from the Spice Islands by a small sea, which he expected to cross in as little as three or four days. In fact, they spent three months and twenty days at

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By the third week of March, weather conditions had become so desperate that Magellan decided they should find a safe harbour in which to wait out the winter before resuming the search for a passage in spring. On 31 March 1520, a break in the coast was spotted. There, the fleet found a natural harbour

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On 27 December, the fleet left Rio de Janeiro. Pigafetta wrote that the natives were disappointed to see them leave, and that some followed them in canoes trying to entice them to stay. Just before sailing, Magellan replaced Antonio de Coca, the fleet accountant who had briefly assumed command of San

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It is to be known that it happened that it had not rained for two months before we came there, and the day that we arrived it began to rain, on which account the people of the said place said that we came from heaven, and had brought the rain with us, which was great simplicity, and these people were

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then unknown to Europeans. Dozens of Chamorros came aboard and began taking items from the ship, including rigging, knives, and any items made of iron. At some point, there was a physical confrontation between the crew and the natives, and at least one Chamorro was killed. The remaining natives fled

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reached Seville approximately six months later, on 6 (or 8) May 1521, with 55 survivors. There ensued a trial of the ship's men which lasted six months. With Mezquita being the only one loyal to Magellan, the majority of testimony produced a villainous and distorted picture of Magellan's actions. In

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On 13 December, the fleet reached Rio de Janeiro. Though nominally Portuguese territory, they maintained no permanent settlement there at the time. Seeing no Portuguese ships in the harbour, Magellan knew it would be safe to stop. Pigafetta wrote of a coincidence of weather that caused the armada to

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of Spain (future Holy Roman Emperor Charles V). Magellan's project, if successful, would realise Columbus' plan of a spice route by sailing west without damaging relations with the Portuguese. The idea was in tune with the times and had already been discussed after Balboa's discovery of the Pacific.

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After learning of the favourable conditions that Serrano found at Santa Cruz, Magellan decided to move the fleet there for the rest of the austral winter. After almost five months at St. Julian, the fleet left for Santa Cruz around 24 August. They spent six weeks at Santa Cruz before resuming their

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On 3 February, the fleet continued south along the South American coast. Magellan believed they would find a strait (or the southern terminus of the continent) within a short distance. In fact, the fleet would sail south for another eight weeks without finding passage, before stopping to overwinter

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The fleet spent 13 days in Rio, during which they repaired their ships, stocked up on water and food (such as yam, cassava, and pineapple), and interacted with the locals. The expedition had brought with them a great quantity of trinkets intended for trade, such as mirrors, combs, knives and bells.

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During these storms the body of St. Anselme appeared to us several times; amongst others, one night that it was very dark on account of the bad weather, the said saint appeared in the form of a fire lighted at the summit of the mainmast, and remained there near two hours and a half, which comforted

596:, took part in the development of the maps to be used in the travel. Several problems arose during the preparation of the trip, including lack of money, the king of Portugal trying to stop them, Magellan and other Portuguese incurring suspicion from the Spanish, and the difficult nature of Faleiro. 2071:

Elcano, however, was able to defeat and capture Ache. According to Scott, Ache was eventually released after a ransom was paid. Nevertheless, Ache left a Spanish speaking Moor in Elcano's crew to assist the ship on the way back to Spain, "a Moor who understood something of our Castilian language,

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In a meeting following the trial, Magellan's captains challenged his leadership. Cartagena accused Magellan of risking the King's ships by his choice of route, sailing South along the African coast. When Cartagena declared that he would no longer follow Magellan's command, Magellan gave the signal

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On 3 October, the fleet departed the Canary Islands, sailing south along the coast of Africa. There was some disagreement over directions, with Cartagena arguing for a more westerly bearing. Magellan made the unorthodox decision to follow the African coast in order to evade the Portuguese caravels

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to fund an expedition to the Moluccas, though records are unclear. It is known that Manuel repeatedly denied Magellan's requests for a token increase to his pay, and that in late 1515 or early 1516, Manuel granted Magellan's request to be allowed to serve another master. Around this time, Magellan

401:. Though the expedition did find a route, it was much longer and more arduous than expected and was therefore not commercially useful. Nevertheless, the expedition is regarded as one of the greatest achievements in seamanship and had a significant impact on the European understanding of the world. 1821:

The fleet reached the Philippines on 16 March, and remained there until 1 May. The expedition represented the first documented European contact with the Philippines. Although the stated goals of Magellan's expedition were to find a passage through South America to the Moluccas and return to Spain

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at the time, Álvaro de Mezquita, was Magellan's cousin and loyal to the captain-general. He directed attempts to rejoin the fleet, firing cannons and setting off smoke signals. At some point he was overpowered in yet another mutiny attempt, this one successful. He was stabbed by the pilot of the

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to be established. Upon arrival at Cape Verde, the crew was surprised to learn that the ship's date of 9 July 1522 was one day behind the local date of 10 July 1522, even though they had recorded every day of the three-year journey without omission. They lost one day because they travelled west

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On 1 May, Humabon invited the men ashore for a great feast. It was attended by around thirty men, mostly officers, including Serrano and Barbosa. Towards the end of the meal, armed Cebuanos entered the hall and murdered the Europeans. Twenty-seven men were killed. Juan Serrano, one of the newly

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The crew consisted of about 270 men, mostly Spaniards. Spanish authorities were wary of Magellan, so that they almost prevented him from sailing, switching his mostly Portuguese crew to mostly men of Spain. In the end, the fleet included about 40 Portuguese, among them Magellan's brother-in-law

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Aganduru Moriz' account of the expedition describes how Elcano's crew was attacked somewhere off the southeastern tip of Borneo by a Bruneian fleet commanded by one of the Luzones. Historians such as William Henry Scott and Luis Camara Dery assert that this commander of the Bruneian Fleet was

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laden with spices, at this point in the journey, Magellan seemed to acquire a zeal for converting the local tribes to Christianity. In doing so, Magellan eventually became embroiled in a local political dispute, and died in the Philippines, along with dozens of other officers and crew.

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failed to rejoin the rest of Magellan's fleet in the strait. At some point, they reversed course and sailed back to Spain. The ship's officers later testified that they had arrived early at the appointed rendezvous location, but it's not clear whether this is true. The captain of the

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On 2 April, Magellan held a conference to decide the fleet's next course of action. His officers urged him to head south-west for the Mollucas, but instead he decided to press further into the Philippines. On 3 April, the fleet sailed north-west from Limasawa towards the island of

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they were very hard on account of the sun, rain, and wind, and we left them for four or five days in the sea, and then we put them a little on the embers, and so ate them; also the sawdust of wood, and rats which cost half-a-crown each, moreover enough of them were not to be got.

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The expedition accomplished its primary goal – to find a western route to the Spice Islands. The five-ship fleet left Spain on 20 September 1519 with about 270 men. After sailing across the Atlantic Ocean, the fleet continued south along the eastern coast of

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was actually 10 July 1522, a day after their own meticulous records indicated. They had no trouble making purchases at first, using the cover story that they were returning to Spain from the Americas. However, the Portuguese detained 13 crew members after discovering that

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The trial of the mutineers was headed by Magellan's cousin Álvaro de Mezquita and lasted five days. On 7 April, Quesada was beheaded by his foster-brother and secretary, Luis Molina, who acted as executioner in exchange for clemency. The bodies of Quesada and Mendoza were

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for a number of armed loyalists to enter the room and take hold of Cartagena. Magellan called Cartagena a "rebel" and branded his behaviour as mutinous. Cartagena called on the other two Castilian captains (Quesada and Mendoza) to stab Magellan, but they held back.

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with his job also being listed as cabin boy, "ship's boy", or "grummet". Varesa's death is also sometimes described as a suicide from being ridiculed or that he too was outright sentenced to death during the trial. The date of the trial is also given as September.

513:, another Portuguese subject nursing resentment towards Manuel. The two men acted as partners in planning a voyage to the Moluccas which they would propose to the king of Spain. Magellan relocated to Seville, Spain in 1517, with Faleiro following two months later. 1098:) had been known to the Spanish and Portuguese since about 1500, and in the intervening decades, European powers (particularly Portugal) had been sending ships to Brazil to collect valuable brazilwood. The Armada carried a map of the Brazilian coastline, the 2198:, the one surviving ship and the smallest carrack in the fleet, returned to the harbour of departure after completing the first circumnavigation of the Earth, only 18 men out of the original 270 men were on board. In addition to the returning Europeans, the 1986:

Following Magellan's death, the remaining men held an election to select a new leader for the expedition. They selected two co-commanders: Duarte Barbosa, Magellan's brother-in-law, and Juan Serrano. Magellan's will called for the liberation of his slave,

1916:, which Magellan learned of from Kolambu. The fleet was guided to Cebu by some of Kolambu's men. They sighted Cebu 6 April, and made landfall the next day. Cebu had regular contact with Chinese and Arab traders and normally required that visitors pay 1691:. By mid-December, they altered their course to west-north-west. They were unfortunate in that, had their course differed slightly, they might have encountered a number of Pacific islands which would have offered fresh food and water, such as the 1162:

marked by three hills was sighted, which the crew believed to be "Cape Santa Maria". Around the headland, they found a wide body of water that extended as far as the eye could see in a west-by-southwest direction. Magellan believed he had found

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of Tordesillas, which would divide the world into two equal hemispheres and to resolve the "Moluccas issue". A board met several times without reaching an agreement: the knowledge at that time was insufficient for an accurate calculation of

1951:, resisted Christian conversion, he ordered his men to burn their homes. When they continued to resist, Magellan informed his council on 26 April that he would bring an armed contingent to Mactan and make them submit under threat of force. 1367:

and announced that he had a message for the captain, Luis Mendoza. Espinosa was allowed aboard, and into the captain's chambers, based on his claim that he had a confidential letter. There, Espinosa stabbed Mendoza in the throat with his

2102:, which had fallen into disrepair, was found to be taking on water. The departure was postponed while the men, aided by the locals, attempted to find and repair the leak. When these attempts were unsuccessful, it was decided that the 1973:

Magellan mustered a force of 60 armed men from his crew to oppose Lapu-Lapu's forces. Some Cebuano men followed Magellan to Mactan, but were instructed by Magellan not to join the fight, but merely to watch. He first sent an envoy to

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in the Philippines, given by the armada's chaplain. Kolambu, his brother (who was also a local leader), and other islanders joined in the ceremony and expressed an interest in their religion. Following Mass, Magellan's men raised a

3216:. Another 12 who had been captured by the Portuguese in Cape Verde made their way back to Spain over the following year. A few other survivors who had been stranded in the Moluccas were returned years later as Portuguese prisoners. 1812:

The next day, Magellan retaliated, sending a raiding party ashore which looted and burned forty or fifty Chamorro houses and killed seven men. They recovered the bergantina and left Guam the next day, 9 March, continuing westward.

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Magellan's expedition was the first to circumnavigate the globe and the first to navigate the strait in South America connecting the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans. Magellan's name for the Pacific was adopted by other Europeans.

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Not expecting such a long journey, the ships were not stocked with adequate food and water, and much of the seal meat they had stocked putrefied in the equatorial heat. Pigafetta described the desperate conditions in his journal:

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The locals readily exchanged food and local goods (such as parrot feathers) for such items. The crew also found they could purchase sexual favours from the local women. Historian Ian Cameron described the crew's time in Rio as "a

1562:. Unlike at Río de la Plata earlier, the water did not lose its salinity as they progressed, and soundings indicated that the waters were consistently deep. This was the passage they sought, which would come to be known as the 1872:), and found that the locals were eager to trade it for iron at par. While at Limasawa, Magellan gave some of the natives a demonstration of Spanish armour, weapons, and artillery, by which they were apparently impressed. 5405:'El libro que trajo la nao Vitoria de las amistades que hitieron con 10s Reyes de Maluco" (Archivo General de Indias, Indiferente General 1528), text in Mauricio Obregon, La primera vuelta al Mundo (Bogota, 1984), p. 300. 1469:. Two men volunteered to set off on foot for St. Julian to get help. After 11 days of hard trekking, the men arrived at St. Julian, exhausted and emaciated. Magellan sent a rescue party of 24 men over land to Santa Cruz. 962:

Toward the end of October, as the Armada approached the equator, they experienced a series of storms, with such intense squalls that they were sometimes forced to strike their sails. Pigafetta recorded the appearance of

362:, stopped in the Philippines, and eventually reached the Moluccas after two years. A much-depleted crew led by Elcano finally returned to Spain on 6 September 1522, having sailed west across the Indian Ocean, around the 1553:

reported that the storm drew them through a narrow passage, not visible from sea, which continued for some distance. Hoping they had finally found their sought-after strait, the fleet retraced the path taken by the

908:" and a modest salary. He became a strict assistant of Magellan and kept a journal. The only other sailor to keep a running account during the voyage would be Francisco Albo, who kept a formal nautical logbook. 1991:, but Barbosa and Serrano demanded that he continue his duties as an interpreter for them, and follow their orders. Enrique had some secret communication with Humabon which caused him to betray the Spaniards. 2938:

an anonymous Portuguese crew member: a long manuscript, first published in 1937, known as "the Leiden manuscript", possibly written by Gonzalo Gómez de Espinosa and, in all likelihood, a Trinidad crew member

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King Charles pressed for the release of the 12 men held captive by the Portuguese in Cape Verde, and they were eventually returned to Spain in small groups over the course of the following year. They were:

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As he had in Limasawa, Magellan gave a demonstration of the fleet's arms in order to impress the locals. Again, he also preached Christianity to the natives, and on 14 April, Humabon and his family were

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The fleet also carried flour and salted meat. Some of the ships' meat came in the form of livestock; the ship carried seven cows and three pigs. Cheese, almonds, mustard, and figs were also present.

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Food was a hugely important part of the provisioning. It cost 1,252,909 maravedis, almost as much as the cost of the ships. Four-fifths of the food on the ship consisted of just two items – wine and

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and traded supplies with them. They spent nearly two weeks on Homonhon, resting and gathering fresh food and water, before leaving on 27 March. On the morning of 28 March, they neared the island of

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and establishing direct commercial relations between Spain and the Asian kingdoms. The Spanish soon realized that the lands of the Americas were not a part of Asia, but another continent. The 1494

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Lived ca. 1500–1545, also took part in the Loaisa-expedition of 1525, was saved by the Saavedra expedition and returned to Europe in 1534. He was the first human to circumvent the earth two times.

4961:"Carta de los oficiales de la Casa de la Contratación de las Indias al emperador Carlos V, sobre regreso de la nao "San Antonio" y denuncias de sus mandos de los excesos de Fernando de Magallanes" 3140: 3091: 2905: 2864: 689:

was the only ship to complete the circumnavigation. Details of the ships' configuration are not known, as no contemporary illustrations exist of any of the ships. The official accounting of the

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after the Indonesian name for the Spice Islands. The ships were mostly black, due to the tar covering most of their surface. The official accounting of the expedition put the cost at 8,751,125

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Leone Pancaldo: a long logbook 'by the Genoese pilot' (first published in 1826), a letter written on 25 October 1525, a statement on 2 August 1527 and a deposition from 2 to 5 September 1527

2091:). Almanzor was a friendly host to the men, and readily claimed loyalty to the king of Spain. A trading post was established in Tidore and the men set about purchasing massive quantities of 1480:, but managed to build huts and fire, and subsist on a diet of shellfish and local vegetation. The rescue party found them all alive but exhausted, and they returned to St. Julian safely. 1288:

that had followed the sodomy trial during the Atlantic crossing. Around midnight of Easter Sunday, 1 April, Cartagena and Quesada covertly led thirty armed men, their faces covered with

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On 18 October, the fleet left Santa Cruz heading south, resuming their search for a passage. Soon after, on 21 October 1520, they spotted a headland at 52°S latitude which they named

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a few days later, Serrano reported that the hoped-for strait was in fact the mouth of a river. Incredulous, Magellan led the fleet through the western waters again, taking frequent

878:, who had initially been named co-captain with Magellan, developed mental health problems prior to departure (or, as other sources state, chose to remain behind after performing a 2110:

would remain behind for some time to be refitted, before heading back to Spain by an eastern route, involving an overland passage across the American continent in the area of the

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lost and Mendoza dead, the remaining mutineers realised they were outmanoeuvred. Quesada attempted to flee but was prevented from doing so – sailors loyal to Magellan had cut the

1026:. Magellan could have tried Cartagena for mutiny and sentenced him to death, but at the urging of Quesada and Mendoza, he agreed to merely relieve Cartagena of his command of the 7178: 3120: 2748:

The following five nonsurvivors are considered to have successfully circumnavigated since they died after the Victoria and Trinidad had crossed the tracks of the outbound fleet.

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Magellan and his men noted that the Rajahs had golden body ornaments and served food on golden plates. They were told by the Rajahs that gold was plentiful in their homelands in

1587:), which could be passed in one of two directions. Magellan directed the fleet to split up to explore the respective paths. They were meant to regroup within a few days, but the 2652:, who had been captured by the Portuguese in the Moluccas, were transported to a prison in Portugal and eventually released after a seven-month negotiation. Only five survived: 1011:

and found Antón guilty, sentencing him to death by strangulation. Antón was later executed on 20 December 1519, after the fleet's landfall in Brazil at Santa Lucia (present-day

7360: 1217:. The ships sailed only during the day, with lookouts carefully watching the coast for signs of a passage. In addition to the hazards of shallow waters, the fleet encountered 1007:. At the time, sodomy was punishable by death in Spain, though in practice, sex between men was a common occurrence on long naval voyages. Magellan held a trial on board the 4516: 2052:

On 21 September, Carvalho was made to step down as captain-general. He was replaced by Martin Mendez, with Gonzalo de Espinosa and Juan Sebastián Elcano as captains of the

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With just 115 surviving men, out of the 277 who had sailed from Seville, it was decided the fleet did not have enough men to continue operating three ships. On 2 May, the

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The full extent of the globe was realised, since their voyage was 14,460 Spanish leagues (60,440 km or 37,560 mi). The global expedition showed the need for an

2979:. This expedition included the most notable Spanish navigators, including Juan Sebastián Elcano, who, along with many other sailors, died during the voyage and the young 6004: 3421: 2072:

who was called Pazeculan." This knowledge of the Spanish language was scattered across the Indian Ocean and even into Southeast Asia after the Castilian conquest of the

498:. These letters likely motivated Magellan to plan an expedition to the islands and would later be presented to Spanish officials when Magellan sought their sponsorship. 1185:, the southern continent which was then widely supposed to exist south of South America. They failed to find the southern continent, and when they regrouped with the 2991:

and the two nations had nearly a decade of skirmishing over the possession, which was still occupied by indigenous people. An agreement was reached only with the

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After more than a week exploring Santa Cruz, Serrano set out to return to St. Julian on 22 May, but was caught in a sudden storm while leaving the harbour. The

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Notes on the natural history of the Strait of Magellan and west coast of Patagonia made during the voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the years 1866, 67, 68, & 69

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reading indicating that the voyage would be fatal for him) and was removed from the expedition by the king. He was replaced as the fleet's joint commander by

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Antonio from Cartagena, with the inexperienced Álvaro de Mezquita who originally had shipped out aboard the flagship from Seville as a mere supernumerary.

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In the event that they discovered more than six islands, one fifteenth of the trading profits with two of their choice, and a twenty-fifth from the others.

6165: 3163: 1281:, respectively. As before, the Castilian captains questioned Magellan's leadership and accused him of recklessly endangering the fleet's crew and ships. 912:, suspected illegitimate son of archbishop Fonseca, was named Inspector General of the expedition, responsible for its financial and trading operations. 1707:. As it was, they encountered only two small uninhabited islands during the crossing, at which they were unable to land, the reason why they named them 6812:

Colección de documentos inéditos para la historia de Chile: desde el viaje de Magallanes hasta la batalla de Maipo: 1518–1818: tomo 7 – Memoria Chilena

2897:'s navigational notes and papers. San Martin, the chief pilot-cosmographer (astrologer) of the Armada, disappeared in the Cebu massacre on 1 May 1521. 6866: 6048: 1899:

on the highest hill on the island, and formally declared the island, and the entire archipelago of the Philippines (which he called the Islands of

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Gonzalo Gómez de Espinosa: a letter written on 12 January 1525, a statement on 2 August 1527 and a deposition from the 2nd to the 5 September 1527

397:, with the hope that it would discover a profitable western route to the Spice Islands, as the eastern route was controlled by Portugal under the 6514:

Early Mapping of Southeast Asia: The Epic Story of Seafarers, Adventurers, and Cartographers Who First Mapped the Regions Between China and India

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but afterwards was allowed to continue his service as cosmographer. Cartagena, along with a priest, Pedro Sanchez de Reina, were sentenced to be

2033:, spent the next six months meandering through Southeast Asia in search of the Moluccas. On the way, they stopped at several islands including 4964: 2893:. Herrera's account is all the more accurate as he had access to Spanish and Portuguese sources that are nowhere to be found today, not least 2840: 7335: 6742: 6727: 6612: 6429: 6313: 6294: 6112: 5493: 4488: 4458: 4371: 4344: 4115: 3824: 3543: 3388: 3044:

Magellan's crew observed several animals that were entirely new to European science, including a "camel without humps", which was probably a

6834: 6652: 6593: 6227: 2863:, is the main primary source for much of what is known about Magellan's expedition. The first published report of the circumnavigation was 1940:). In the coming days, other local chieftains were baptised, and in total, 2,200 locals from Cebu and other nearby islands were converted. 342:

in history. It also revealed the vast scale of the Pacific Ocean and proved that ships could sail around the world on a western sea route.

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Colección de documentos inéditos para la historia de Chile : desde el viaje de Magallanes hasta la batalla de Maipo : 1518–1818

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In 2019, there were a number of events to mark the 500th anniversary of the voyage including exhibitions in various Spanish cities.

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Ginés de Mafra: a detailed account first published in 1920, a statement on 2 August 1527 and a deposition from 2 to 5 September 1527

955:) being the ring-leader of the conspiracy. He also learned that the King of Portugal had sent two fleets of caravels to arrest him. 561:

The expedition was funded largely by the Spanish Crown, which provided ships carrying supplies for two years of travel. Though King

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was 18 years old when he agreed to finance Magellan's expedition to the Spice Islands in 1518. He is pictured here in a painting by

369:

The expedition endured many hardships, including sabotage and mutinies by the mostly Spanish crew (and Elcano himself), starvation,

1015:), his strangled body being burnt. Varesa drowned after going overboard on 27 April 1520, having been thrown off by his shipmates. 3563:

Making a Global Image of the World: Science, Cosmography and Navigation in Times of the First Circumnavigation of Earth, 1492–1522

2908:("Diario ó derrotero"), first referred to in 1788, and first published in its entirety in 1837 and a deposition on 18 October 1522 1257:

Within a day of landing at St. Julian, there was another mutiny attempt. Like the one during the Atlantic crossing, it was led by

943:, which were cheaper to acquire there than in Spain). During the stop, Magellan received a secret message from his father-in-law, 928:, at the mouth of the river. There they remained more than five weeks. Finally they set sail on 20 September 1519 and left Spain. 7315: 6632: 3072:

during their circumnavigation of the globe, in the same direction as the apparent motion of the sun across the sky. Although the

2890: 1687:

The fleet entered the Pacific from the Strait of Magellan on 28 November 1520 and initially sailed north, following the coast of

1213:

Not wanting to miss the strait, the fleet sailed as close to the coast as feasible, heightening the danger of running aground on

7345: 7340: 7330: 5378: 6016: 3467: 3433: 3351:

A German (before 1500–1527), captured at Tidore 1522 and spent the rest of his life in Portuguese captivity, died in Portugal.

2941:

and another anonymous Portuguese crew member: a very short account, first published in 1554, written by a Trinidad crew member

6340: 526:. Following the arrival of his partner Rui Faleiro, and with the support of Aranda, they presented their project to the king 3139:

To commemorate the 500th anniversary of Magellan's arrival in the Philippines, the National Quincentennial Committee put up

1513:

An allegorical depiction of Magellan discovering the strait that would bear his name, created around 1592 by Flemish artist

531:

On 22 March 1518, the king named Magellan and Faleiro captains general. He also raised them to the rank of Commander of the

4294: 7141: 7060: 6132: 6032:...tied up at the docks in the Triana district of Seville...after...a distance, according to Pigafetta, of 14,460 leagues 1881: 1700: 1041:

Some details about the sodomy trial and its aftermath are disputed. Salomon Antón's name is also given in some sources as

562: 527: 394: 2955:

Since there was not a set limit to the east, in 1524 both Portugal and Spain had tried to find the exact location of the

2852:. Initially published in Cologne in January 1523, it was the first account of the Magellan expedition to appear in print. 976:

After two weeks of storms, the fleet spent some time stalled in calm, equatorial waters before being carried west by the

7300: 7085: 7065: 6889: 6012: 4890: 4361: 3529: 3429: 3384: 1451: 1450:, from St. Julian to scout to the south for a strait. On 3 May, they reached the estuary of a river which Serrano named 814: 589: 570: 2968: 2064:

actually the young prince Ache of Maynila (Manila) a grandson of the Bruneian sultan who would later become Maynila's

1078:

had claimed Brazil for Portugal in 1500, 20 years before Magellan's voyage. This 1922 painting depicts his arrival in

6197: 3064:

natural ranges were in the Andes mountains. A black "goose" that had to be skinned instead of plucked was a penguin.

2574: 2226: 460: 6744:

A viagem de Fernão de Magalhães e a questão das Molucas. Actas do II° colóquio luso-espahnol de História ultramarina

3562: 2138:

set sail via the Indian Ocean route home on 21 December 1521, commanded by Juan Sebastián Elcano. By 6 May 1522 the

693:

put the cost of the ships at 1,369,808 maravedis, with another 1,346,781 spent on outfitting and transporting them.

383:

in the Philippines and was succeeded as captain-general by a series of officers, with Elcano eventually leading the

7325: 7253: 7233: 6990: 6975: 4504: 3472: 3168: 2894: 2883: 1622: 1270: 1250: 887: 6561: 2182:, almost exactly three years after they departed. They then sailed upriver to Seville, and from there overland to 1663: 7090: 3599: 2868: 2845: 1668: 4723:

Magellan. A general account of the life and times and remarkable adventures ... of ... Ferdinand Magellan, etc.

3087: 2995:, signed in 1529 between Spain and Portugal. It assigned the Moluccas to Portugal and the Philippines to Spain. 2146:, with only rice for rations. Twenty crewmen died of starvation by 9 July 1522, when Elcano put into Portuguese 2126:

was captured by the Portuguese, and was eventually wrecked in a storm while at anchor under Portuguese control.

1614: 1454:. The estuary provided shelter and was well situated with natural resources including fish, penguins, and wood. 366:

through waters controlled by the Portuguese, and north along the west African coast to finally arrive in Spain.

7350: 6155: 4512: 2889:

Another reliable secondary source is the 1601 chronicle and the longer 1615 version, both by Spanish historian

2076:

forced the Spanish speaking Granadan Muslims to migrate across the Muslim world even as far as Islamic Manila.

1053:

with his job being alternatively listed as boatswain and quartermaster. António Varesa's name is also given as

977: 896:, a Spanish merchant ship captain living in Seville, embarked seeking the king's pardon for previous misdeeds. 7168: 6940: 3254: 2920: 2175: 925: 893: 841: 468: 315: 110: 89: 79: 6788: 548:) of the lands and islands found, with 5% of the resulting net gains, inheritable by their partners or heirs. 7355: 7012: 4450: 3068: 2151: 2009: 1075: 829: 770: 522: 158: 7320: 7305: 6192: 3593: 455:) urgently needed to find a new commercial route to Asia. After the Junta de Toro conference of 1505, the 6044: 5355:. Colección de Documentos inéditos para la historia de España, v. 78–79. Madrid: Impr. de Miguel Ginesta. 2900:

In addition to Pigafetta's surviving journal, 11 other crew members kept written accounts of the voyage:

1603:, or Pacific Ocean, because of how still and peaceful the sea was, especially compared with the straits. 1100: 554:

The right to ship 1,000 ducats worth of goods from the Moluccas to Spain annually exempt from most taxes.

7365: 4751: 3026: 2976: 1580: 1412:

for the following three months. San Martín, suspected of involvement in the conspiracy, was tortured by

1338:. The men were brought aboard and persuaded to divulge the details of the mutineers' plans to Magellan. 494:

and take a wife. Serrão sent letters to Magellan from Ternate, extolling the beauty and richness of the

437: 398: 255: 196: 6955: 6747:(in Portuguese). Lisboa, Junta de Investigação Ultramarina-Centro de Cartografia Antiga. Archived from 2999: 2980: 1937: 1112:. Carvalho was enlisted to lead the fleet's navigation down the Brazilian coastline to Rio, aboard the 4745: 1476:

remained at Santa Cruz for two weeks. They were unable to retrieve any supplies from the wreck of the

1326:

The following morning (2 April), while the mutineers attempted to consolidate their forces aboard the

7163: 6369: 2872: 2677: 1207: 1087: 578: 502: 429: 6478:"Encompassing the Earth: Magellan's Voyage from Its Political Context to Its Expansion of Knowledge" 2025:

was emptied and set on fire. With Carvalho as the new captain-general, the remaining two ships, the

1509: 7151: 7075: 4960: 4173: 3130: 3022: 2084: 1405: 613: 483: 17: 6980: 6748: 6104: 1849:

who were on a hunting expedition in Limasawa. For the first time on the journey, Magellan's slave

1671:, created in 1520, reflects Europeans' misconception of the proximity of South America and Asia. ( 1644: 7173: 6995: 6935: 6553: 6499: 6389: 6160: 5058: 3192: 2992: 2073: 1988: 1900: 1850: 1563: 1525:. Past the cape, they found a large bay. While they were exploring the bay, a storm erupted. The 1514: 1502: 901: 869: 730: 413: 351: 283: 238: 73: 6825: 3577: 3499: 2914:

Giovanni Battista: two letters dating from the 21 December 1521 and 25 October 1525 respectively

2879:. Initially published in Latin, other editions later appeared in Italian, Spanish, and English. 2703: 1573: 1168: 964: 472: 1505:

cuts through the southern tip of South America connecting the Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean.

796: 604: 490:, leaving from Malacca in 1511. Serrão reached the Moluccas, going on to stay on the island of 6985: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6945: 6800: 6761: 6714: 6695: 6669: 6648: 6608: 6605:

Le Voyage de Magellan : la relation d'Antonio Pigafetta du premier voyage autour du monde

6589: 6518: 6464: 6454: 6435: 6425: 6406: 6359: 6346: 6336: 6319: 6309: 6290: 6278: 6266: 6108: 6075: 5489: 5386: 5046: 4755: 4726: 4484: 4454: 4367: 4340: 4111: 3820: 3603: 3573: 3539: 3258: 3081: 2856: 2672: 2308: 2231: 2143: 2111: 1776:, but the ships were unable to land there. Instead, they dropped anchor thirty hours later on 1704: 1447: 1308: 1266: 1258: 1176: 1117: 948: 909: 897: 883: 861: 802: 776: 753: 532: 464: 417: 363: 279: 6811: 4478: 4334: 4105: 2967:

In 1525, soon after the return of Magellan's expedition, Charles V sent an expedition led by

1890:, Magellan and fifty of his men came ashore to Limasawa to participate in the first Catholic 1237:

The men remained at St. Julian for five months, before resuming their search for the strait.

1116:, and also helped communicate with the locals, as he had some rudimentary knowledge of their 741:

Departed Seville with other four ships 10 August 1519. Broke down in Moluccas, December 1521

373:, storms, and hostile encounters with indigenous people. Only about 40 men and one ship (the 7223: 7203: 7136: 6663: 6545: 6489: 6381: 6096: 3153: 3080:(1273–1331) had predicted that circumnavigators would accumulate a one-day offset, Cardinal 3049: 3017:

in 1578, in the process discovering a different route around the tip of South America, the “

2511: 2456: 2298: 2098:

Around 15 December, the ships attempted to set sail from Tidore, laden with cloves. But the

2034: 1960: 1869: 1692: 865: 840:

Successfully completed circumnavigation, returning to Spain in September 1522, captained by

380: 359: 335: 314:. The expedition departed Spain in 1519 and returned there in 1522 led by Spanish navigator 287: 228: 51: 6711:

Fernão e Magalhães – Herói, Traidor ou Mito: a História do Primeiro Homem a Abraçar o Mundo

747: 661:, was a delicacy enjoyed by captains which may have unknowingly aided in the prevention of 7146: 7026: 7019: 6818: 6258: 3782: 1896: 1789: 1781: 1769: 1728: 1696: 1465:

on a sandbar. All (or nearly all) of the crew were able to clamber ashore before the ship

1462: 1231: 1181: 920:

On 10 August 1519, the five ships under Magellan's command left Seville and descended the

823: 724: 627:

The fleet, consisting of five ships with supplies for two years of travel, was called the

375: 165: 146: 46: 6625:

Autour du Globe? La carte Hazine n°1825 de la bibliothèque du Palais de Topkapi, Istanbul

6097: 2886:, which was written in Spanish in 1522 or 1523, misplaced, then published again in 1530. 1833:, which was then uninhabited. They encountered friendly locals from the nearby island of 592:, a Portuguese who had started working for King Charles in 1518 as a cartographer at the 6586:

Le voyage de Magellan (1519–1522). La relation d'Antonio Pigafetta et autres témoignages

1245: 1158:

that would allow them passage past South America to the Spice Islands. On 11 January, a

354:, allowing the ships to pass through to the Pacific Ocean, which Magellan himself named 7263: 6950: 3183: 3003: 2119: 1891: 1854: 1798: 1591:

would never rejoin the fleet. While the rest of the fleet waited for the return of the

1190: 1109: 1012: 936: 857: 517: 487: 478:

Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese sailor with previous military experience in India,

307: 295: 275: 6623: 2875:, who interviewed survivors in 1522 and published his account in 1523 under the title 2079:

The ships finally reached the Moluccas on 8 November, when they reached the island of

905: 535:. They reached an agreement with King Charles which granted them, among other things: 7310: 7294: 7213: 7116: 7111: 6503: 6393: 5414:

Damiao de Gois, Cronica do felicissimo rei de. Manuel (Lisboa, 1566), part 2, p. 113.

4168: 3535: 3103: 3077: 3018: 3010: 2687: 2249: 2065: 1921: 1858: 1773: 1584: 1522: 944: 940: 652: 566: 495: 456: 441: 347: 299: 132: 5353:

Historia general de las Islas Occidentales a la Asia adyacentes, llamadas Philipinas

1969:

19th-century artist's depiction of Magellan's death at the hands of Mactan warriors.

50:, the only ship in the fleet to complete the circumnavigation. Detail from a map by 7080: 6283: 3477: 2956: 2433: 2323: 2174:

On 6 September 1522, Elcano and the remaining crew of Magellan's voyage arrived in

1732: 1497: 1341:

Magellan subsequently launched a counteroffensive against the mutineers aboard the

1079: 921: 764:

Deserted in the Strait of Magellan, November 1520, returned to Spain on 6 May 1521

617: 585: 319: 501:

Historians speculate that, beginning in 1514, Magellan repeatedly petitioned King

6512: 3009:

The course that Magellan charted was later followed by other navigators, such as

1372:, killing him instantly. At the same time, the disguised marines came aboard the 7070: 6128: 3188: 3107: 2046: 2015: 1572:("All Saints' Channel") because the fleet travelled through it on 1 November or 1194: 981: 875: 510: 507: 448: 323: 303: 291: 6306:

Over the Edge of the World: Magellan's Terrifying Circumnavigation of the Globe

6285:

Over the Edge of the World: Magellan's Terrifying Circumnavigation of the Globe

1221:, storms, and dropping temperatures as they continued south and winter set in. 947:, warning him that some of the Castilian captains were planning a mutiny, with 6733: 6494: 6477: 6468: 6385: 6323: 3313:, p. 156) says that "all her crew except one were able to leap ashore". ( 3279: 3262: 2183: 2147: 1965: 1933: 1887: 1825:

On 16 March, a week after leaving Guam, the fleet first sighted the island of

1794: 1716: 1542: 1395:, and Quesada was captured. Cartagena conceded and begged Magellan for mercy. 1135: 1095: 565:

was supposed to pay for the fleet he was deeply in debt, and he turned to the

544: 202: 6729:

José Manuel García. International Congress of History Primus Circumdedisti Me

6439: 6372:; Callaghan, Richard (September 2008). "Magellan's Crossing of the Pacific". 6270: 4884: 4730: 4336:

Butterflies Will Burn: Prosecuting Sodomites in Early Modern Spain and Mexico

6410: 2961: 2501: 2461: 1975: 1948: 1757: 1720: 1424: 1420: 1414: 1303:

subdued, the mutineers controlled three of the fleet's five ships. Only the

1193:. Serrano's claim was confirmed when the men eventually found themselves in 967:

during some of these storms, which was regarded as a good omen by the crew:

879: 327: 311: 6448: 3057: 2003: 459:

commissioned expeditions to discover a route to the west. Spanish explorer

6861: 6419: 6350: 6187: 4172: 2923:: a letter written on 6 September 1522 and a deposition on 18 October 1522 904:

scholar and traveller, asked to be on the voyage, accepting the title of "

7106: 6103:(2nd ed.). New York: Springer Science & Business Media. p. 3266: 3084:

was the first European to give a correct explanation of the discrepancy.

2972: 2824: 2811: 2740: 2624: 2168: 1929: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1830: 1466: 1369: 1355: 1289: 1159: 932: 787: 682: 678: 643: 636: 482:, and Morocco. A friend, and possible cousin, with whom Magellan sailed, 6607:(in French). Paris: Éditions Chandeigne, collection " Magellane poche". 5062: 4480:

The Age of Trade: The Manila Galleons and the Dawn of the Global Economy

7157: 6647:(in French). Paris: Éditions Chandeigne, collection "Magellane poche". 6557: 6533: 6045:"Maps of the Magellan Strait and a brief history of Ferdinand Magellan" 4129:

Personnel records are imprecise. The most accepted total number is 270.

3233: 3045: 2988: 2722: 2709: 2496: 2381: 2368: 2313: 1917: 1409: 1218: 1150:

The fleet sailed south along the South American coast, hoping to reach

711: 491: 479: 6881: 5991:

Sir Francis Drake's Voyage Around the World: Its Aims and Achievements

1179:, to probe the 'strait', and led the other ships south hoping to find 440:

reserved for Portugal the eastern routes that went around Africa, and

3265:"). At the time of Magellan's voyage, this tonel was reckoned as 1.2 3250: 3126: 3099: 3095: 3061: 2984: 2797: 2784: 2771: 2735: 2637: 2611: 2598: 2561: 2548: 2535: 2446: 2420: 2407: 2394: 2355: 2342: 2329: 2285: 2272: 2259: 2080: 2042: 2038: 1944: 1865: 1834: 1753: 1749: 1214: 1155: 1023: 1004: 1000: 662: 658: 433: 370: 237:

First to navigate from the Atlantic to the Pacific (Discovery of the

6549: 6156:"Who First Circled the Globe? Not Magellan, Spain Wants You to Know" 5825: 5823: 5810: 5808: 5687: 5685: 5683: 3779:"Marvellous countries and lands; Notable Maps of Florida, 1507–1846" 3249:

Note that many English sources such as Joyner provide these numbers

1334:, a longboat of sailors drifted off course into the vicinity of the 6645:

Idées reçues sur les Grandes Découvertes: XVe-XVIe siècles (2e éd.)

6588:(in French). Paris: Éditions Chandeigne, collection " Magellane ". 4747:

Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery

1003:

with a Genoese apprentice sailor, António Varesa, off the coast of

3595:

Shaping North America: From Exploration to the American Revolution

3272: 3086: 3073: 3053: 2839: 2692: 2244: 2092: 2002: 1964: 1826: 1785: 1688: 1662: 1613: 1508: 1496: 1428: 1364: 1244: 1070: 621: 603: 408: 339: 63: 6421:

The First Circumnavigators: Unsung Heroes of the Age of Discovery

1579:

On 28 October, the fleet reached an island in the strait (likely

6584:

Castro, Xavier de; Hamon, Jocelyne; Thomaz, Luiz Filipe (2010).

1913: 1777: 1681: 1253:, one of the architects of the attempted mutiny at Saint Julian. 432:'s voyages to the West (1492–1504) had the goal of reaching the 331: 6885: 6188:"PH to mark 'Filipino-centric' circumnavigation quincentennial" 475:

in 1516 while exploring South America in the service of Spain.

3721: 3719: 3717: 3715: 3531:

The Conquest of the Ocean: An Illustrated History of Seafaring

2164: 1805:) as they retreated. For this act, Magellan called the island 1086:

On 29 November, the fleet reached the approximate latitude of

6789:

Historia de las Indias (vol. 3 de 5) - Bartolomé De Las Casas

5840: 5838: 3129:

to honour the circumnavigation route; the proposal was for a

3817:

Congreso Internacional de Historia 'Primus Circumdedisti Me'

3736: 3734: 3296:, p. 96) gives a date of 11 January for this, whereas ( 3257:" without converting their values from the actual unit, the 2095:

in exchange for goods such as cloth, knives, and glassware.

1311:) remained loyal to Magellan, along with the flag ship, the 6072:

Overcoming Ptolemy: The Revelation of an Asian World Region

5486:

To the Ends of the Earth: The Age of the European Explorers

3500:"Ferdinand Magellan – Early Years, Expedition & Legacy" 2911:

Martín de Ayamonte: a short account first published in 1933

1920:

in order to trade. Magellan convinced the island's leader,

1022:

Immediately following the episode, Cartagena was placed in

581:, who provided a quarter of the funds and goods to barter. 539:

Monopoly of the discovered route for a period of ten years.

6833:(in Spanish). Translated by Carlos Amoretti. Madrid: n/a. 5383:

Barangay: Sixteenth Century Philippine Culture and Society

5317: 5315: 5182: 5180: 4075: 4073: 2752:

5 men buried at sea after completing the circumnavigation

1853:

found that he was able to communicate with the natives in

516:

On arrival in Seville, Magellan contacted Juan de Aranda,

6875: 5586: 5584: 5582: 5569: 5567: 5565: 5552: 5550: 3377:"Spice Islands (Moluccas): 250 Years of Maps (1521–1760)" 1793:

with the goods they had obtained, also taking Magellan's

1108:

s pilot, João Lopes Carvalho, who had previously visited

1104:(the "Book of the Sea"), and also had a crew member, the 999:

s Sicilian master, Salomon Antón was caught in an act of

7244:

Elcano & Magellan: The First Voyage Around the World

6878:. Official site for the 5th centenary of the expedition. 4584: 4582: 4360:

Reyes, Raquel A. G.; Clarence-Smith, William G. (2012).

4151: 4149: 4060: 4058: 2983:. They had difficulty reaching the Moluccas, docking at 2106:

would leave for Spain via a western route, and that the

1841:

and encountered some natives in canoes who then alerted

1349:

switch clothing with the stray sailors and approach the

1090:. The coastline of Brazil (which Pigafetta refers to as 1030:

and allow him to move freely within the confines of the

6876:

Primera vuelta al mundo Magallanes-Elcano. V Centenario

4399: 4397: 4395: 3819:. Valladolid: Ministerio de Defensa. pp. 179–188. 3550:

Distance of Magellan's voyage: 37,560 miles (60,440 km)

3317:, p. 157) says "all the men aboard ship survived". 2917:

Hernando de Bustamante: a deposition on 18 October 1522

1772:. The first land they spotted was likely the island of 1621:(Discovery of the Strait of Magellan), oil painting by 1427:

the ships, repairing their structure and scrubbing the

1034:. Antonio de Coca replaced Cartagena as captain of the 939:, where they took in supplies (including vegetable and 6450:

East by West, The New Navigation of Ferdinand Magellan

5049:(1959). "Spanish discoveries in the Central Pacific". 4447:

The Great Explorers: The European Discovery of America

3179:

Spanish colonization attempt of the Strait of Magellan

2202:

had aboard three Moluccans who came aboard at Tidore.

1284:

The mutiny at St. Julian was more calculated than the

7264:

BalikBayan #1: Memories of Overdevelopment, Redux VII

7179:

2021 Quincentennial Commemorations in the Philippines

6074:. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books. pp. 47–48. 5346: 5344: 5342: 3121:

2021 Quincentennial Commemorations in the Philippines

1461:

was tossed about by strong winds and currents before

463:

reached the Pacific Ocean in 1513 after crossing the

260:

Route taken by the expedition, with milestones marked

231:

of Earth (completed by Elcano after Magellan's death)

6333:

Magellan and the first circumnavigation of the world

5650: 2987:. The Portuguese were already established in nearby 1943:

When Magellan learned that a group on the island of

1748:

Moreover, most of the men suffered from symptoms of

1545:. Three days later, the fleet was reunited, and the 1315:, which Magellan commanded. The mutineers aimed the 1249:

Artist's depiction of the fatal stabbing of captain

685:(Spanish "carraca" or "nao"; Portuguese "nau"). The 7187: 7129: 7099: 7053: 7046: 7004: 6928: 6220:"Quincentennial marker unveiled in Homonhon Island" 379:) completed the circumnavigation. Magellan himself 248: 220: 188: 180: 138: 127: 106: 85: 69: 59: 6758:O drama de Magalhães e a volta ao mundo sem querer 6282: 6265:(3rd ed.). London: Adam & Charles Black. 5385:. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press. 2118:departed and attempted to return to Spain via the 673:The fleet initially consisted of five ships, with 334:, the nearly three-year voyage achieved the first 3592:Seelye Jr., James E.; Selby, Shawn, eds. (2018). 639:, including the ships, provisions, and salaries. 577:the Crown obtained the participation of merchant 6692:A Viagem de Fernão de Magalhães e os Portugueses 6631:(in French). CFC, volume 216. pp. 119–134. 2964:, and each gave the islands to their sovereign. 1675:, the large island outlined in yellow, is Japan) 1323:but made no further overtures during the night. 3212:18 men returned on 6 September 1522 aboard the 2882:In addition, there is an extant chronicle from 294: – its purpose was to cross the 6713:(in Portuguese). Manuscrito: Queluz de Baixo. 6643:Castro, Xavier de; Duviols, Jean-Paul (2019). 6453:. Kew (Vic): Australian Scholarly Publishing. 4107:Magellan and the First Voyage Around the World 3977: 3561:Redondo, J.M.G., & Martín, J.M.M. (2021). 3125:In 2017, Portugal submitted an application to 2159:was carrying spices from the East Indies. The 1723:. The second, sighted 21 February, they named 1566:. At the time, Magellan referred to it as the 844:. Mendoza was killed during a mutiny attempt. 6897: 5976: 5964: 5940: 5928: 5916: 5904: 5880: 5856: 5829: 5814: 5799: 5775: 5739: 5727: 5703: 5691: 5662: 5638: 5626: 5614: 5075: 3795: 3143:to mark the points where the fleet anchored. 2975:, claiming that they were in his zone of the 1567: 1124:be warmly received by the indigenous people: 650: 444:and the Portuguese arrived in India in 1498. 8: 4183:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 3326:Variously romanised in different sources as 2861:Relazione del primo viaggio intorno al mondo 2648:Between 1525 and 1526, the survivors of the 2083:. They were greeted by the island's leader, 2041:. During this time, they engaged in acts of 1711:. The first, sighted 24 January, they named 213:returned after hard labor in the East Indies 32: 7361:Spanish exploration in the Age of Discovery 6668:(in French). Bruxelles: Éditions Complexe. 3881:La Primera Vuelta al Mundo: La Nao Victoria 2932:Martín Méndez : the Victoria's logbook 2087:(known to the officers by the Spanish name 1735:. They crossed the equator on 13 February. 1359:, Gonzalo de Espinosa, also approached the 286:. One of the most important voyages in the 7184: 7050: 6904: 6890: 6882: 6799:(in Spanish). Santiago: Imprenta Ercilla. 4205: 3725: 3164:Chronology of European exploration of Asia 2186:, where they appeared before the Emperor. 1756:which (unbeknownst to them) contained the 1541:were driven deeper into the bay, toward a 486:, was part of the first expedition to the 254: 38: 6493: 6482:International Journal of Maritime History 4744:Murphy, Patrick J.; Coye, Ray W. (2013). 4339:. University of Texas Press. p. 59. 4110:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 39. 2477:12 men returned to Spain from Cape Verde 1619:Descubrimiento del estrecho de Magallanes 1391:s cables, causing it to drift toward the 1094:in his diary, after the Italian term for 834:45 then 46 after a stop-over in Tenerife 807:31 then 33 after a stop-over in Tenerife 781:44 then 45 after a stop-over in Tenerife 735:62 then 61 after a stop-over in Tenerife 551:A fifth of the gains from the expedition. 393:The expedition was funded mostly by King 5602: 5541: 5471: 5459: 5447: 5435: 5423: 5365: 5306: 5294: 5282: 5270: 5246: 5210: 5198: 5159: 5147: 5135: 5111: 5099: 5033: 4985: 4947: 4935: 4923: 4911: 4846: 4834: 4822: 4798: 4708: 4684: 4672: 4648: 4612: 4600: 4561: 4549: 4537: 4483:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 45. 4427: 4415: 4386: 4265: 4253: 4229: 4140: 4079: 3917: 3893: 3866: 3854: 3670: 3634: 3314: 3297: 3225: 2750: 2654: 2475: 2204: 1129:easily converted to the Christian faith. 695: 290: – and in the history of 27:16th-century Spanish maritime expedition 6538:The Hispanic American Historical Review 5333: 5321: 5258: 5234: 5222: 5186: 5123: 5057:(4). Wellington, New Zealand: 291–293. 5021: 5009: 4997: 4963:(in Spanish). Consejo de Indias. 1521. 4870: 4858: 4810: 4786: 4696: 4660: 4636: 4624: 4588: 4573: 4288: 4286: 4284: 4282: 4280: 4278: 4276: 4274: 4241: 4217: 3941: 3622: 3570:. Culture & History Digital Journal 3368: 3310: 3293: 3205: 2163:managed to escape with its cargo of 26 1768:On 6 March 1521, the fleet reached the 1442:In late April, Magellan dispatched the 6564:from the original on 22 September 2022 6168:from the original on 24 September 2019 5952: 5892: 5868: 5844: 5787: 5763: 5751: 5715: 5674: 5617:, pp. 23, 71, 883–918, 1033–1034. 5590: 5573: 5556: 5520: 5508: 5171: 5087: 4505:"Log-Book of Francisco Alvo or Alvaro" 4403: 4193: 4155: 4091: 4064: 4049: 4037: 4025: 4013: 4001: 3989: 3965: 3953: 3929: 3905: 3836:from the original on 22 September 2019 3764: 3752: 3740: 3706: 3694: 3682: 3658: 3646: 3237: 3191:, hypothetical continent south of the 2656:5 men returning between 1525 and 1526 1082:and first encounter with the natives. 931:On 26 September, the fleet stopped at 201:12 were captured by the Portuguese in 31: 6517:. Hong Kong: Periplus Editions (HK). 6335:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 6154:Minder, Raphael (20 September 2019). 6051:from the original on 18 December 2010 4472: 4470: 4440: 4438: 4436: 4363:Sexual Diversity in Asia, c. 600–1950 4328: 4326: 4324: 4322: 4307:from the original on 12 November 2020 3025:(with minor variations in course) by 1760:necessary to protect against scurvy. 447:Given the economic importance of the 131:Find a western maritime route to the 7: 6840:from the original on 31 January 2023 6424:. New Haven: Yale University Press. 6135:from the original on 23 October 2019 4893:from the original on 13 January 2007 3810:"Los barcos de la armada del Maluco" 3587: 3585: 3523: 3521: 3461: 3459: 3457: 3455: 3453: 3451: 3416: 3414: 3412: 3410: 3408: 3406: 1569:Estrecho (Canal) de Todos los Santos 1167:, though in fact he had reached the 6827:Primer Viaje Alrededor del Mundo... 6741:Mota, Alvelino Teixeira da (1975). 6694:(in Portuguese). Lisboa: Presença. 6364:. Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas. 5351:de Aganduru Moriz, Rodrigo (1882). 4721:Hildebrand, Arthur Sturges (1925). 3174:Military history of the Philippines 3159:Timeline of the Magellan expedition 2049:bound for China from the Moluccas. 310:, or Spice Islands, in present-day 18:First circumnavigation of the globe 6795:Toribio Medina, José (1888–1902). 6760:(in Portuguese). Lisboa: Gradiva. 6638:from the original on 28 July 2019. 4967:from the original on 17 March 2022 4519:from the original on 16 April 2019 3240:labels all five ships as carracks. 3236:and the other four were carracks. 2206:18 men returned to Seville aboard 1845:warships of two local rulers from 1533:made it out to open seas, but the 886:and as cosmographer/astrologer by 868:and Magellan's indentured servant 25: 6665:La découverte de l'Amérique: 1492 6358:Cunnigham, Robert Oliver (1871). 6200:from the original on 21 July 2020 5051:Journal of the Polynesian Society 4333:Carvajal, Federico Garza (2010). 3567:Spanish National Research Council 3466:Cartwright, Mark (16 June 2021). 6867:Magellan-Elcano circumnavigation 6860: 6786:(in French). Paris : Seuil. 6782:Las Casas, Bartolomé de (2002). 6308:(audio book). Blackstone Audio. 5651:Fitzpatrick & Callaghan 2008 4768:from the original on 26 May 2019 4509:The First Voyage Round the World 4296:The First Voyage Round the World 3883:. Servilla: Munoz Moya Editores. 3879:Vial, Ignacio Fernandez (2001). 3300:, p. 105) gives 10 January. 3092:Quincentennial historical marker 2891:Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas 2152:surprised to learn that the date 1780:, where they were met by native 1599:. Magellan named the waters the 1472:The other 35 survivors from the 542:Their appointment as governors ( 358:. The fleet completed the first 350:, and eventually discovered the 6447:Mawer, Granville Allen (2022). 6226:. 18 March 2021. Archived from 6099:The Geometry of Biological Time 3283:, or 0.6 English shipping tons. 2859:'s journal, later published as 2844:Cover page of Roman edition of 2430:Juan de Santander (Sant Andrés) 1829:, then landed on the island of 1345:. He had some marines from the 992:During the ocean crossing, the 697:Ships of Magellan's expedition 6374:The Journal of Pacific History 6263:The Exploration of the Pacific 4445:Morison, Samuel Eliot (1986). 4104:Nancy Smiler Levinson (2001). 3798:, pp. 61, 331 footnote 2. 988:Sodomy trial and failed mutiny 322:after Magellan's death in the 278:expedition planned and led by 1: 7142:First Mass in the Philippines 5993:. San Francisco: John Howell. 5665:, pp. 659 & 660–696. 5629:, pp. 71, 919–942, 1021. 3023:retraced completely submerged 2150:for provisions. The crew was 1924:, to waive this requirement. 1882:First Mass in the Philippines 1727:(Sharks in Spanish) – likely 1138:of feasting and lovemaking". 1062:Passage through South America 790:in the Philippines, May 1521 420: 7336:Exploration of South America 6824:Walls y Merino, ed. (1899). 6756:Thomaz, Luís Filipe (2018). 6709:Garcia, José Manuel (2019). 6690:Garcia, José Manuel (2007). 6013:Princeton University Library 3777:Ehrenberg, Ralph E. (2002). 3430:Princeton University Library 3385:Princeton University Library 3133:called "Route of Magellan". 2906:the Victoria's pilot logbook 1903:) as a possession of Spain. 6304:Bergreen, Laurence (2006). 6095:Winfree, Arthur T. (2001). 4174:"Magellan, Ferdinand" 3808:González, Fernando (2018). 2352:Antonio Hernández Colmenero 600:Construction and provisions 209:in 1521, and 4 (or 5) from 7382: 7234:Over the Edge of the World 6070:Gunn, Geoffrey C. (2018). 4513:Stanley, Henry Edward John 3473:World History Encyclopedia 3169:History of the Philippines 3118: 3036:Scientific accomplishments 3021:.” In 1960, the route was 1958: 1932:and given an image of the 1879: 1684:and then the Philippines. 1667:The western hemisphere of 272:Magellan–Elcano expedition 7091:Maximilianus Transylvanus 7066:Juan Rodríguez de Fonseca 6919: 6622:Couto, Dejanirah (2013). 6534:"Magellan Historiography" 6532:Torodash, Martin (1971). 6495:10.1177/08438714221123468 6386:10.1080/00223340802303611 5989:Wagner, Henry R. (1926). 5641:, pp. 506, 945–1015. 4477:Giraldez, Arturo (2015). 3600:Bloomsbury Publishing USA 3048:, whose range extends to 2869:Maximilianus Transylvanus 2846:Maximilianus Transylvanus 2768:Diego Garcia de Trigueros 2732:Gonzalo Gómez de Espinosa 2719:Juan Rodríguez "El Sordo" 959:which were pursuing him. 571:Juan Rodríguez de Fonseca 253: 37: 6476:Salonia, Matteo (2022). 6405:. International Marine. 5653:, pp. 149–150, 159. 2871:, a relative of sponsor 2391:Juan Rodríguez de Huelva 1764:Guam and the Philippines 1669:Johannes Schöner's globe 1171:. Magellan directed the 978:South Equatorial Current 608:A modern replica of the 7316:1521 in the Philippines 6817:19 October 2019 at the 6662:Heers, Jacques (1991). 6603:Castro, Xavier (2018). 6511:Suárez, Thomas (1999). 5484:Koch, Peter O. (2015). 4451:Oxford University Press 4180:Encyclopædia Britannica 3709:, pp. 87, 296–298. 3069:International Date Line 2884:Peter Martyr d'Anghiera 2122:. This attempt failed. 2114:. Several weeks later, 1623:Álvaro Casanova Zenteno 1489:search for the strait. 1353:in their longboat. His 1261:(former captain of the 980:to the vicinity of the 270:, sometimes termed the 205:, 55 returned with the 115:; 502 years ago 94:; 504 years ago 7346:1520s in South America 7341:1510s in South America 7331:Expeditions from Spain 7204:First Mass at Limasawa 6418:Kelsey, Harry (2016). 6193:Philippine News Agency 6015:. 2010. Archived from 4883:"Ferdinand Magellan". 3528:Lavery, Brian (2013). 3432:. 2010. Archived from 3387:. 2010. Archived from 3111: 2969:García Jofre de Loaísa 2951:Subsequent expeditions 2877:De Moluccis Insulis... 2853: 2850:De Moluccis Insulis... 2295:Hernándo de Bustamante 2167:of spices (cloves and 2045:, including robbing a 2018: 1970: 1746: 1676: 1626: 1568: 1518: 1506: 1254: 1131: 1083: 974: 657:, made from preserved 651: 624: 426: 234:First Pacific crossing 92:20 September 1519 7047:Non-expedition people 6941:Juan Sebastián Elcano 6370:Fitzpatrick, Scott M. 6331:Cameron, Ian (1974). 6009:library.princeton.edu 4886:Catholic Encyclopedia 4752:Yale University Press 3426:library.princeton.edu 3381:library.princeton.edu 3090: 3004:Manila-Acapulco route 2977:Treaty of Tordesillas 2921:Juan Sebastián Elcano 2843: 2227:Juan Sebastián Elcano 2176:Sanlúcar de Barrameda 2006: 1968: 1886:On Sunday, 31 March, 1809:(Island of Thieves). 1741: 1719:in Spanish) – likely 1680:sea, before reaching 1666: 1617: 1512: 1500: 1248: 1126: 1074: 969: 926:Sanlúcar de Barrameda 916:Crossing the Atlantic 894:Juan Sebastián Elcano 842:Juan Sebastián Elcano 607: 584:Expert cartographers 575:Casa de Contratación, 569:. Through archbishop 461:Vasco Núñez de Balboa 438:Treaty of Tordesillas 414:King Charles of Spain 412: 399:Treaty of Tordesillas 316:Juan Sebastián Elcano 274:, was a 16th-century 113:6 September 1522 111:Sanlúcar de Barrameda 90:Sanlúcar de Barrameda 80:Juan Sebastián Elcano 6976:Andrés de San Martín 6869:at Wikimedia Commons 6736:on 16 February 2020. 6401:Joyner, Tim (1992). 6005:"Ferdinand Magellan" 5379:Scott, William Henry 5213:, pp. 243, 245. 4293:Pigafetta, Antonio. 3625:, pp. 211, 214. 3468:"Ferdinand Magellan" 3422:"Ferdinand Magellan" 3015:his circumnavigation 2895:Andrés de San Martín 2794:Martín de Magallanes 2521:Richard de Normandía 1807:Isla de los Ladrones 1088:Cape Saint Augustine 1076:Pedro Álvares Cabral 888:Andrés de San Martín 813:Wrecked in storm at 691:Casa de Contratación 594:Casa de Contratación 523:Casa de Contratación 503:Manuel I of Portugal 430:Christopher Columbus 7301:Magellan expedition 7076:Christopher de Haro 6913:Magellan expedition 6129:"Route of Magellan" 5979:, pp. 783–787. 5967:, pp. 757–782. 5955:, pp. 323–324. 5943:, pp. 861–880. 5931:, pp. 859–861. 5919:, pp. 841–858. 5907:, pp. 733–755. 5895:, pp. 319–320. 5883:, pp. 631–657. 5871:, pp. 317–318. 5859:, pp. 697–732. 5847:, pp. 313–314. 5832:, pp. 859–880. 5817:, pp. 845–858. 5802:, pp. 837–840. 5790:, pp. 308–309. 5778:, pp. 613–616. 5766:, pp. 304–305. 5742:, pp. 841–845. 5730:, pp. 599–601. 5706:, pp. 603–612. 5694:, pp. 618–630. 5450:, pp. 363–365. 5438:, pp. 349–350. 5201:, pp. 244–245. 5162:, pp. 229–231. 5126:, pp. 167–169. 5114:, pp. 224–226. 5102:, pp. 217–218. 4988:, pp. 297–312. 4950:, pp. 187–188. 4849:, pp. 189–190. 4837:, pp. 170–173. 4825:, pp. 157–159. 4813:, pp. 116–117. 4801:, pp. 155–156. 4699:, pp. 109–111. 4687:, pp. 148–149. 4675:, pp. 141–143. 4663:, pp. 108–109. 4651:, pp. 115–117. 4639:, pp. 101–103. 4028:, pp. 49, 337. 3978:Walls y Merino 1899 3932:, pp. 93, 245. 3743:, pp. 87, 296. 3131:World Heritage Site 2753: 2657: 2478: 2443:Vasco Gómez Gallego 2378:Francisco Rodríguez 2282:Martín de Judicibus 2211: 2007:Burning of the Nao 1406:drawn and quartered 1101:Livro da Marinharia 698: 681:. All or most were 614:Nao Victoria Museum 268:Magellan expedition 34: 33:Magellan expedition 7174:Strait of Magellan 7169:Santo Niño de Cebú 6996:Enrique of Malacca 6956:Martín de Ayamonte 6936:Ferdinand Magellan 6784:Histoire des Indes 6289:. William Morrow. 6279:Bergreen, Laurence 6161:The New York Times 5977:Castro et al. 2010 5965:Castro et al. 2010 5941:Castro et al. 2010 5929:Castro et al. 2010 5917:Castro et al. 2010 5905:Castro et al. 2010 5881:Castro et al. 2010 5857:Castro et al. 2010 5830:Castro et al. 2010 5815:Castro et al. 2010 5800:Castro et al. 2010 5776:Castro et al. 2010 5740:Castro et al. 2010 5728:Castro et al. 2010 5704:Castro et al. 2010 5692:Castro et al. 2010 5663:Castro et al. 2010 5639:Castro et al. 2010 5627:Castro et al. 2010 5615:Castro et al. 2010 5076:Castro et al. 2010 3980:, Annex 3, p. 174. 3796:Castro et al. 2010 3193:Strait of Magellan 3112: 3094:of the arrival at 3000:Andrés de Urdaneta 2993:Treaty of Zaragoza 2981:Andrés de Urdaneta 2854: 2836:Accounts of voyage 2781:Pedro de Valpuesta 2751: 2655: 2584:Pedro de Chindurza 2476: 2365:Nícolas de Napolés 2205: 2074:Emirate of Granada 2019: 1971: 1938:Santo Niño de Cebu 1851:Enrique of Malacca 1709:Islas Infortunadas 1677: 1627: 1564:Strait of Magellan 1519: 1515:Johannes Stradanus 1507: 1503:Strait of Magellan 1493:Strait of Magellan 1484:Move to Santa Cruz 1273:, captains of the 1255: 1230:which they called 1084: 922:Guadalquivir River 870:Enrique of Malacca 731:Ferdinand Magellan 696: 653:Carne de membrillo 633:Armada de Molucca, 625: 469:Juan Díaz de Solís 427: 395:Charles I of Spain 352:Strait of Magellan 326:. Totaling 60,440 318:, who crossed the 284:Ferdinand Magellan 239:Strait of Magellan 74:Ferdinand Magellan 7326:Circumnavigations 7288: 7287: 7284: 7283: 7277: 7269: 7259: 7249: 7239: 7229: 7219: 7209: 7199: 7164:Puerto San Julián 7158:Patagonian giants 7125: 7124: 6971:Gaspar de Quesada 6961:Juan de Cartagena 6946:Antonio Pigafetta 6865:Media related to 6614:978-2-36732-125-7 6431:978-0-300-22086-5 6315:978-0-7927-4395-8 6296:978-0-06-093638-9 6114:978-1-4757-3484-3 5495:978-0-7864-8380-8 4552:, pp. 95–98. 4490:978-1-4422-4352-1 4460:978-0-19-504222-1 4430:, pp. 94–95. 4389:, pp. 92–93. 4373:978-1-136-29721-2 4346:978-0-292-77994-5 4268:, pp. 88–89. 4117:978-0-395-98773-5 3826:978-84-9091-390-1 3785:on 12 March 2008. 3728:, pp. 19–20. 3545:978-1-4654-1387-1 3082:Gasparo Contarini 3011:Sir Francis Drake 2873:Cristóbal de Haro 2857:Antonio Pigafetta 2833: 2832: 2746: 2745: 2646: 2645: 2621:Pedro de Tenerife 2470: 2469: 2309:Antonio Pigafetta 2144:Cape of Good Hope 2112:Isthmus of Panama 1861:ritual with him. 1705:Marquesas Islands 1408:and displayed on 1267:Gaspar de Quesada 1259:Juan de Cartagena 1201:Search for strait 1067:Arrival in Brazil 1047:Antonio Salamone, 949:Juan de Cartagena 910:Juan de Cartagena 898:Antonio Pigafetta 884:Juan de Cartagena 848: 847: 817:, on 22 May 1520 777:Gaspar de Quesada 754:Juan de Cartagena 629:Armada del Maluco 579:Cristóbal de Haro 533:Order of Santiago 465:Isthmus of Panama 418:Bernard van Orley 364:Cape of Good Hope 264: 263: 195:18 returned with 16:(Redirected from 7373: 7275: 7267: 7258:(2022 TV series) 7257: 7247: 7237: 7227: 7217: 7207: 7197: 7185: 7152:Magellan's Cross 7137:Battle of Mactan 7051: 6906: 6899: 6892: 6883: 6874: 6864: 6849: 6847: 6845: 6839: 6832: 6810: 6787: 6771: 6752: 6751:on 26 July 2022. 6737: 6732:. Archived from 6724: 6705: 6679: 6658: 6654:978-236732-188-2 6639: 6637: 6630: 6618: 6599: 6595:978-2915540-57-4 6573: 6571: 6569: 6528: 6507: 6497: 6472: 6443: 6414: 6397: 6365: 6354: 6327: 6300: 6288: 6274: 6259:Beaglehole, J.C. 6240: 6239: 6237: 6235: 6230:on 17 April 2023 6216: 6210: 6209: 6207: 6205: 6184: 6178: 6177: 6175: 6173: 6151: 6145: 6144: 6142: 6140: 6125: 6119: 6118: 6102: 6092: 6086: 6085: 6067: 6061: 6060: 6058: 6056: 6041: 6035: 6034: 6026: 6024: 6019:on 15 March 2024 6001: 5995: 5994: 5986: 5980: 5974: 5968: 5962: 5956: 5950: 5944: 5938: 5932: 5926: 5920: 5914: 5908: 5902: 5896: 5890: 5884: 5878: 5872: 5866: 5860: 5854: 5848: 5842: 5833: 5827: 5818: 5812: 5803: 5797: 5791: 5785: 5779: 5773: 5767: 5761: 5755: 5749: 5743: 5737: 5731: 5725: 5719: 5713: 5707: 5701: 5695: 5689: 5678: 5672: 5666: 5660: 5654: 5648: 5642: 5636: 5630: 5624: 5618: 5612: 5606: 5600: 5594: 5588: 5577: 5571: 5560: 5554: 5545: 5539: 5533: 5530: 5524: 5518: 5512: 5506: 5500: 5499: 5481: 5475: 5469: 5463: 5457: 5451: 5445: 5439: 5433: 5427: 5421: 5415: 5412: 5406: 5403: 5397: 5396: 5375: 5369: 5363: 5357: 5356: 5348: 5337: 5331: 5325: 5319: 5310: 5304: 5298: 5292: 5286: 5280: 5274: 5268: 5262: 5256: 5250: 5244: 5238: 5232: 5226: 5220: 5214: 5208: 5202: 5196: 5190: 5184: 5175: 5169: 5163: 5157: 5151: 5145: 5139: 5133: 5127: 5121: 5115: 5109: 5103: 5097: 5091: 5085: 5079: 5073: 5067: 5066: 5043: 5037: 5031: 5025: 5019: 5013: 5007: 5001: 4995: 4989: 4983: 4977: 4976: 4974: 4972: 4957: 4951: 4945: 4939: 4933: 4927: 4921: 4915: 4909: 4903: 4902: 4900: 4898: 4880: 4874: 4868: 4862: 4856: 4850: 4844: 4838: 4832: 4826: 4820: 4814: 4808: 4802: 4796: 4790: 4784: 4778: 4777: 4775: 4773: 4741: 4735: 4734: 4718: 4712: 4706: 4700: 4694: 4688: 4682: 4676: 4670: 4664: 4658: 4652: 4646: 4640: 4634: 4628: 4622: 4616: 4610: 4604: 4598: 4592: 4586: 4577: 4571: 4565: 4559: 4553: 4547: 4541: 4535: 4529: 4528: 4526: 4524: 4511:. Translated by 4501: 4495: 4494: 4474: 4465: 4464: 4442: 4431: 4425: 4419: 4413: 4407: 4401: 4390: 4384: 4378: 4377: 4357: 4351: 4350: 4330: 4317: 4316: 4314: 4312: 4299:. Translated by 4290: 4269: 4263: 4257: 4251: 4245: 4239: 4233: 4227: 4221: 4215: 4209: 4203: 4197: 4191: 4185: 4184: 4176: 4165: 4159: 4153: 4144: 4138: 4132: 4131: 4126: 4124: 4101: 4095: 4089: 4083: 4077: 4068: 4062: 4053: 4047: 4041: 4035: 4029: 4023: 4017: 4011: 4005: 3999: 3993: 3987: 3981: 3975: 3969: 3963: 3957: 3951: 3945: 3939: 3933: 3927: 3921: 3915: 3909: 3903: 3897: 3891: 3885: 3884: 3876: 3870: 3864: 3858: 3852: 3846: 3845: 3843: 3841: 3835: 3814: 3805: 3799: 3793: 3787: 3786: 3781:. Archived from 3774: 3768: 3762: 3756: 3750: 3744: 3738: 3729: 3723: 3710: 3704: 3698: 3692: 3686: 3680: 3674: 3668: 3662: 3656: 3650: 3644: 3638: 3632: 3626: 3620: 3614: 3613: 3589: 3580: 3559: 3553: 3552: 3534:. New York, NY: 3525: 3516: 3515: 3513: 3511: 3496: 3490: 3489: 3487: 3485: 3480:on 30 April 2024 3476:. Archived from 3463: 3446: 3445: 3443: 3441: 3436:on 15 March 2024 3418: 3401: 3400: 3398: 3396: 3391:on 15 March 2024 3373: 3352: 3349: 3343: 3324: 3318: 3307: 3301: 3290: 3284: 3282: 3275: 3247: 3241: 3223: 3217: 3210: 3154:Age of Discovery 3050:Tierra del Fuego 2904:Francisco Albo: 2754: 2658: 2595:Vasquito Gallego 2532:Roldán de Argote 2524:Normandy, France 2479: 2457:Juan de Zubileta 2212: 2178:in Spain aboard 2060:, respectively. 1961:Battle of Mactan 1955:Battle of Mactan 1936:(later known as 1693:Marshall Islands 1659:Pacific crossing 1571: 1452:Santa Cruz River 1319:s cannon at the 1055:Antonio Ginovés, 1051:Antonio Salomón, 998: 951:(captain of the 815:Santa Cruz River 699: 656: 484:Francisco Serrão 425: 422: 389: 360:Pacific crossing 336:circumnavigation 288:Age of Discovery 258: 229:circumnavigation 123: 121: 116: 102: 100: 95: 52:Abraham Ortelius 42: 35: 21: 7381: 7380: 7376: 7375: 7374: 7372: 7371: 7370: 7351:History of Guam 7291: 7290: 7289: 7280: 7208:(1965 painting) 7183: 7147:Magellan Shrine 7121: 7095: 7042: 7000: 6991:Luis de Mendoza 6924: 6915: 6910: 6872: 6857: 6852: 6843: 6841: 6837: 6830: 6823: 6819:Wayback Machine 6807: 6794: 6781: 6768: 6755: 6740: 6726: 6721: 6708: 6702: 6689: 6676: 6661: 6655: 6642: 6635: 6628: 6621: 6615: 6602: 6596: 6583: 6567: 6565: 6550:10.2307/2512478 6531: 6525: 6510: 6475: 6461: 6446: 6432: 6417: 6400: 6368: 6357: 6343: 6330: 6316: 6303: 6297: 6277: 6257: 6248: 6243: 6233: 6231: 6224:CNN Philippines 6218: 6217: 6213: 6203: 6201: 6186: 6185: 6181: 6171: 6169: 6153: 6152: 6148: 6138: 6136: 6127: 6126: 6122: 6115: 6094: 6093: 6089: 6082: 6069: 6068: 6064: 6054: 6052: 6043: 6042: 6038: 6022: 6020: 6003: 6002: 5998: 5988: 5987: 5983: 5975: 5971: 5963: 5959: 5951: 5947: 5939: 5935: 5927: 5923: 5915: 5911: 5903: 5899: 5891: 5887: 5879: 5875: 5867: 5863: 5855: 5851: 5843: 5836: 5828: 5821: 5813: 5806: 5798: 5794: 5786: 5782: 5774: 5770: 5762: 5758: 5750: 5746: 5738: 5734: 5726: 5722: 5714: 5710: 5702: 5698: 5690: 5681: 5673: 5669: 5661: 5657: 5649: 5645: 5637: 5633: 5625: 5621: 5613: 5609: 5601: 5597: 5589: 5580: 5572: 5563: 5555: 5548: 5540: 5536: 5531: 5527: 5519: 5515: 5507: 5503: 5496: 5483: 5482: 5478: 5470: 5466: 5458: 5454: 5446: 5442: 5434: 5430: 5422: 5418: 5413: 5409: 5404: 5400: 5393: 5377: 5376: 5372: 5364: 5360: 5350: 5349: 5340: 5332: 5328: 5320: 5313: 5305: 5301: 5293: 5289: 5281: 5277: 5269: 5265: 5257: 5253: 5245: 5241: 5233: 5229: 5221: 5217: 5209: 5205: 5197: 5193: 5185: 5178: 5170: 5166: 5158: 5154: 5146: 5142: 5134: 5130: 5122: 5118: 5110: 5106: 5098: 5094: 5086: 5082: 5074: 5070: 5045: 5044: 5040: 5032: 5028: 5020: 5016: 5008: 5004: 4996: 4992: 4984: 4980: 4970: 4968: 4959: 4958: 4954: 4946: 4942: 4934: 4930: 4922: 4918: 4910: 4906: 4896: 4894: 4882: 4881: 4877: 4869: 4865: 4857: 4853: 4845: 4841: 4833: 4829: 4821: 4817: 4809: 4805: 4797: 4793: 4785: 4781: 4771: 4769: 4762: 4743: 4742: 4738: 4720: 4719: 4715: 4707: 4703: 4695: 4691: 4683: 4679: 4671: 4667: 4659: 4655: 4647: 4643: 4635: 4631: 4623: 4619: 4611: 4607: 4599: 4595: 4587: 4580: 4572: 4568: 4560: 4556: 4548: 4544: 4536: 4532: 4522: 4520: 4503: 4502: 4498: 4491: 4476: 4475: 4468: 4461: 4453:. p. 667. 4444: 4443: 4434: 4426: 4422: 4414: 4410: 4402: 4393: 4385: 4381: 4374: 4359: 4358: 4354: 4347: 4332: 4331: 4320: 4310: 4308: 4292: 4291: 4272: 4264: 4260: 4252: 4248: 4240: 4236: 4228: 4224: 4216: 4212: 4206:Beaglehole 1966 4204: 4200: 4192: 4188: 4167: 4166: 4162: 4154: 4147: 4139: 4135: 4122: 4120: 4118: 4103: 4102: 4098: 4090: 4086: 4078: 4071: 4063: 4056: 4048: 4044: 4036: 4032: 4024: 4020: 4012: 4008: 4000: 3996: 3988: 3984: 3976: 3972: 3964: 3960: 3952: 3948: 3940: 3936: 3928: 3924: 3916: 3912: 3904: 3900: 3892: 3888: 3878: 3877: 3873: 3865: 3861: 3853: 3849: 3839: 3837: 3833: 3827: 3812: 3807: 3806: 3802: 3794: 3790: 3776: 3775: 3771: 3763: 3759: 3751: 3747: 3739: 3732: 3726:Beaglehole 1966 3724: 3713: 3705: 3701: 3693: 3689: 3681: 3677: 3669: 3665: 3657: 3653: 3645: 3641: 3633: 3629: 3621: 3617: 3610: 3602:. p. 612. 3591: 3590: 3583: 3560: 3556: 3546: 3527: 3526: 3519: 3509: 3507: 3498: 3497: 3493: 3483: 3481: 3465: 3464: 3449: 3439: 3437: 3420: 3419: 3404: 3394: 3392: 3375: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3361: 3356: 3355: 3350: 3346: 3325: 3321: 3308: 3304: 3291: 3287: 3277: 3270: 3248: 3244: 3224: 3220: 3211: 3207: 3202: 3197: 3149: 3123: 3117: 3038: 3002:discovered the 2953: 2948: 2838: 2634:Simon de Burgos 2558:Gómez Hernández 2545:Felipe de Rodas 2508:Pedro de Tolosa 2417:Juan de Arratía 2404:Miguel de Rodas 2256:Miguel de Rodas 2192: 2132: 2130:Return to Spain 2001: 1984: 1963: 1957: 1909: 1884: 1878: 1819: 1817:The Philippines 1790:outrigger canoe 1782:Chamorro people 1770:Mariana Islands 1766: 1729:Caroline Island 1701:Solomon Islands 1697:Society Islands 1661: 1612: 1574:All Saints' Day 1495: 1486: 1463:running aground 1446:, captained by 1440: 1401: 1376:to support the 1243: 1232:Port St. Julian 1227: 1203: 1182:Terra Australis 1175:, commanded by 1169:Río de la Plata 1148: 1146:Río de la Plata 1069: 1064: 1043:Antonio Salamón 996: 990: 965:St. Elmo's fire 918: 853: 714: 671: 602: 567:House of Fugger 473:Río de la Plata 423: 407: 390:s return trip. 387: 259: 244: 216: 176: 119: 117: 114: 98: 96: 93: 78: 76: 55: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7379: 7377: 7369: 7368: 7363: 7358: 7356:Maluku Islands 7353: 7348: 7343: 7338: 7333: 7328: 7323: 7318: 7313: 7308: 7303: 7293: 7292: 7286: 7285: 7282: 7281: 7279: 7278: 7270: 7260: 7250: 7240: 7230: 7220: 7210: 7200: 7191: 7189: 7182: 7181: 7176: 7171: 7166: 7161: 7154: 7149: 7144: 7139: 7133: 7131: 7127: 7126: 7123: 7122: 7120: 7119: 7114: 7109: 7103: 7101: 7097: 7096: 7094: 7093: 7088: 7083: 7078: 7073: 7068: 7063: 7061:King Charles I 7057: 7055: 7048: 7044: 7043: 7041: 7040: 7035: 7030: 7023: 7016: 7008: 7006: 7002: 7001: 6999: 6998: 6993: 6988: 6983: 6978: 6973: 6968: 6966:Ginés de Mafra 6963: 6958: 6953: 6951:Duarte Barbosa 6948: 6943: 6938: 6932: 6930: 6926: 6925: 6920: 6917: 6916: 6911: 6909: 6908: 6901: 6894: 6886: 6880: 6879: 6870: 6856: 6855:External links 6853: 6851: 6850: 6821: 6805: 6792: 6773: 6772: 6766: 6753: 6738: 6719: 6706: 6701:978-9722337519 6700: 6681: 6680: 6674: 6659: 6653: 6640: 6619: 6613: 6600: 6594: 6575: 6574: 6544:(2): 313–335. 6529: 6523: 6508: 6488:(4): 543–560. 6473: 6459: 6444: 6430: 6415: 6398: 6380:(2): 145–165. 6366: 6355: 6341: 6328: 6314: 6301: 6295: 6275: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6241: 6211: 6179: 6146: 6120: 6113: 6087: 6080: 6062: 6036: 5996: 5981: 5969: 5957: 5945: 5933: 5921: 5909: 5897: 5885: 5873: 5861: 5849: 5834: 5819: 5804: 5792: 5780: 5768: 5756: 5754:, p. 303. 5744: 5732: 5720: 5718:, p. 302. 5708: 5696: 5679: 5677:, p. 300. 5667: 5655: 5643: 5631: 5619: 5607: 5595: 5593:, p. 349. 5578: 5576:, p. 148. 5561: 5559:, p. 146. 5546: 5544:, p. 406. 5534: 5525: 5523:, p. 141. 5513: 5511:, p. 264. 5501: 5494: 5476: 5474:, p. 386. 5464: 5462:, p. 381. 5452: 5440: 5428: 5426:, p. 341. 5416: 5407: 5398: 5391: 5370: 5368:, p. 330. 5358: 5338: 5336:, p. 198. 5326: 5324:, p. 197. 5311: 5309:, p. 292. 5299: 5297:, p. 281. 5287: 5285:, p. 279. 5275: 5273:, p. 277. 5263: 5261:, p. 187. 5251: 5249:, p. 271. 5239: 5237:, p. 180. 5227: 5225:, p. 177. 5215: 5203: 5191: 5189:, p. 173. 5176: 5174:, p. 138. 5164: 5152: 5150:, p. 226. 5140: 5138:, p. 229. 5128: 5116: 5104: 5092: 5080: 5078:, p. 538. 5068: 5038: 5036:, p. 218. 5026: 5024:, p. 159. 5014: 5012:, p. 149. 5002: 5000:, p. 145. 4990: 4978: 4952: 4940: 4938:, p. 188. 4928: 4926:, p. 192. 4916: 4914:, p. 191. 4904: 4889:. New Advent. 4875: 4873:, p. 136. 4863: 4861:, p. 133. 4851: 4839: 4827: 4815: 4803: 4791: 4789:, p. 113. 4779: 4760: 4736: 4713: 4711:, p. 170. 4701: 4689: 4677: 4665: 4653: 4641: 4629: 4617: 4615:, p. 123. 4605: 4603:, p. 104. 4593: 4578: 4566: 4554: 4542: 4530: 4496: 4489: 4466: 4459: 4432: 4420: 4418:, p. 103. 4408: 4391: 4379: 4372: 4352: 4345: 4318: 4301:Stanley, Henry 4270: 4258: 4246: 4234: 4222: 4210: 4198: 4186: 4171:, ed. (1911). 4169:Chisholm, Hugh 4160: 4158:, p. 104. 4145: 4133: 4116: 4096: 4094:, p. 335. 4084: 4082:, p. 156. 4069: 4067:, p. 146. 4054: 4052:, p. 339. 4042: 4040:, p. 338. 4030: 4018: 4006: 4004:, p. 337. 3994: 3992:, p. 336. 3982: 3970: 3958: 3946: 3934: 3922: 3910: 3908:, p. 170. 3898: 3886: 3871: 3859: 3847: 3825: 3800: 3788: 3769: 3767:, p. 297. 3757: 3755:, p. 296. 3745: 3730: 3711: 3699: 3687: 3675: 3663: 3651: 3639: 3627: 3615: 3608: 3581: 3554: 3544: 3517: 3491: 3447: 3402: 3367: 3365: 3362: 3360: 3357: 3354: 3353: 3344: 3319: 3302: 3285: 3242: 3228:says that the 3218: 3204: 3203: 3201: 3198: 3196: 3195: 3186: 3184:Spanish Empire 3181: 3176: 3171: 3166: 3161: 3156: 3150: 3148: 3145: 3116: 3113: 3037: 3034: 2971:to occupy the 2952: 2949: 2947: 2944: 2943: 2942: 2939: 2936: 2933: 2930: 2927: 2924: 2918: 2915: 2912: 2909: 2837: 2834: 2831: 2830: 2827: 2822: 2818: 2817: 2814: 2808: 2807:Estevan Villon 2804: 2803: 2800: 2795: 2791: 2790: 2787: 2782: 2778: 2777: 2774: 2769: 2765: 2764: 2761: 2758: 2744: 2743: 2741:Alguacil Mayor 2738: 2733: 2729: 2728: 2725: 2720: 2716: 2715: 2712: 2707: 2699: 2698: 2695: 2690: 2688:Leone Pancaldo 2684: 2683: 2680: 2675: 2673:Ginés de Mafra 2669: 2668: 2665: 2662: 2644: 2643: 2640: 2635: 2631: 2630: 2627: 2622: 2618: 2617: 2614: 2609: 2605: 2604: 2601: 2596: 2592: 2591: 2588: 2585: 2581: 2580: 2577: 2572: 2568: 2567: 2564: 2559: 2555: 2554: 2551: 2546: 2542: 2541: 2538: 2533: 2529: 2528: 2525: 2522: 2518: 2517: 2514: 2509: 2505: 2504: 2499: 2494: 2490: 2489: 2486: 2483: 2468: 2467: 2464: 2459: 2453: 2452: 2449: 2444: 2440: 2439: 2436: 2431: 2427: 2426: 2423: 2418: 2414: 2413: 2410: 2405: 2401: 2400: 2397: 2392: 2388: 2387: 2384: 2379: 2375: 2374: 2371: 2366: 2362: 2361: 2358: 2353: 2349: 2348: 2345: 2340: 2336: 2335: 2332: 2327: 2320: 2319: 2316: 2311: 2305: 2304: 2301: 2296: 2292: 2291: 2288: 2283: 2279: 2278: 2275: 2270: 2269:Juan de Acurio 2266: 2265: 2262: 2257: 2253: 2252: 2247: 2242: 2241:Francisco Albo 2238: 2237: 2234: 2229: 2223: 2222: 2219: 2216: 2191: 2188: 2131: 2128: 2000: 1997: 1983: 1982:1 May Massacre 1980: 1959:Main article: 1956: 1953: 1908: 1905: 1880:Main article: 1877: 1874: 1818: 1815: 1765: 1762: 1660: 1657: 1611: 1605: 1494: 1491: 1485: 1482: 1439: 1433: 1400: 1397: 1307:(commanded by 1242: 1239: 1226: 1223: 1202: 1199: 1147: 1144: 1110:Rio de Janeiro 1068: 1065: 1063: 1060: 1013:Rio de Janeiro 989: 986: 937:Canary Islands 917: 914: 858:Duarte Barbosa 852: 849: 846: 845: 838: 835: 832: 827: 819: 818: 811: 808: 805: 800: 792: 791: 785: 782: 779: 774: 766: 765: 762: 759: 756: 751: 743: 742: 739: 736: 733: 728: 720: 719: 716: 709: 706: 703: 670: 667: 601: 598: 573:, head of the 559: 558: 555: 552: 549: 540: 406: 403: 381:died in battle 300:Pacific Oceans 262: 261: 251: 250: 246: 245: 243: 242: 235: 232: 224: 222: 218: 217: 215: 214: 199: 192: 190: 186: 185: 182: 178: 177: 175: 174: 169: 162: 155: 150: 142: 140: 136: 135: 129: 125: 124: 108: 104: 103: 87: 83: 82: 71: 67: 66: 61: 57: 56: 43: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7378: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7354: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7322: 7321:1522 in Spain 7319: 7317: 7314: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7306:1519 in Spain 7304: 7302: 7299: 7298: 7296: 7274: 7271: 7266: 7265: 7261: 7256: 7255: 7251: 7246: 7245: 7241: 7236: 7235: 7231: 7226: 7225: 7221: 7215: 7211: 7206: 7205: 7201: 7196: 7193: 7192: 7190: 7186: 7180: 7177: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7159: 7155: 7153: 7150: 7148: 7145: 7143: 7140: 7138: 7135: 7134: 7132: 7128: 7118: 7117:Rajah Humabon 7115: 7113: 7110: 7108: 7105: 7104: 7102: 7098: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7086:Diogo Ribeiro 7084: 7082: 7079: 7077: 7074: 7072: 7069: 7067: 7064: 7062: 7059: 7058: 7056: 7052: 7049: 7045: 7039: 7036: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7028: 7024: 7022: 7021: 7017: 7015: 7014: 7010: 7009: 7007: 7003: 6997: 6994: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6981:Estêvão Gomes 6979: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6969: 6967: 6964: 6962: 6959: 6957: 6954: 6952: 6949: 6947: 6944: 6942: 6939: 6937: 6934: 6933: 6931: 6927: 6923: 6918: 6914: 6907: 6902: 6900: 6895: 6893: 6888: 6887: 6884: 6877: 6871: 6868: 6863: 6859: 6858: 6854: 6836: 6829: 6828: 6822: 6820: 6816: 6813: 6808: 6806:9781390781601 6802: 6798: 6793: 6790: 6785: 6780: 6779: 6778: 6777: 6769: 6767:9789896168599 6763: 6759: 6754: 6750: 6746: 6745: 6739: 6735: 6731: 6730: 6722: 6720:9789898975256 6716: 6712: 6707: 6703: 6697: 6693: 6688: 6687: 6686: 6685: 6677: 6675:9782870274088 6671: 6667: 6666: 6660: 6656: 6650: 6646: 6641: 6634: 6627: 6626: 6620: 6616: 6610: 6606: 6601: 6597: 6591: 6587: 6582: 6581: 6580: 6579: 6563: 6559: 6555: 6551: 6547: 6543: 6539: 6535: 6530: 6526: 6524:9789625934709 6520: 6516: 6515: 6509: 6505: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6487: 6483: 6479: 6474: 6470: 6466: 6462: 6460:9781922669407 6456: 6452: 6451: 6445: 6441: 6437: 6433: 6427: 6423: 6422: 6416: 6412: 6408: 6404: 6399: 6395: 6391: 6387: 6383: 6379: 6375: 6371: 6367: 6363: 6362: 6356: 6352: 6348: 6344: 6338: 6334: 6329: 6325: 6321: 6317: 6311: 6307: 6302: 6298: 6292: 6287: 6286: 6280: 6276: 6272: 6268: 6264: 6260: 6256: 6255: 6254: 6253: 6245: 6229: 6225: 6221: 6215: 6212: 6199: 6195: 6194: 6189: 6183: 6180: 6167: 6163: 6162: 6157: 6150: 6147: 6134: 6130: 6124: 6121: 6116: 6110: 6106: 6101: 6100: 6091: 6088: 6083: 6081:9781498590143 6077: 6073: 6066: 6063: 6050: 6046: 6040: 6037: 6033: 6031: 6018: 6014: 6010: 6006: 6000: 5997: 5992: 5985: 5982: 5978: 5973: 5970: 5966: 5961: 5958: 5954: 5949: 5946: 5942: 5937: 5934: 5930: 5925: 5922: 5918: 5913: 5910: 5906: 5901: 5898: 5894: 5889: 5886: 5882: 5877: 5874: 5870: 5865: 5862: 5858: 5853: 5850: 5846: 5841: 5839: 5835: 5831: 5826: 5824: 5820: 5816: 5811: 5809: 5805: 5801: 5796: 5793: 5789: 5784: 5781: 5777: 5772: 5769: 5765: 5760: 5757: 5753: 5748: 5745: 5741: 5736: 5733: 5729: 5724: 5721: 5717: 5712: 5709: 5705: 5700: 5697: 5693: 5688: 5686: 5684: 5680: 5676: 5671: 5668: 5664: 5659: 5656: 5652: 5647: 5644: 5640: 5635: 5632: 5628: 5623: 5620: 5616: 5611: 5608: 5605:, p. 63. 5604: 5603:Bergreen 2003 5599: 5596: 5592: 5587: 5585: 5583: 5579: 5575: 5570: 5568: 5566: 5562: 5558: 5553: 5551: 5547: 5543: 5542:Bergreen 2003 5538: 5535: 5529: 5526: 5522: 5517: 5514: 5510: 5505: 5502: 5497: 5491: 5488:. McFarland. 5487: 5480: 5477: 5473: 5472:Bergreen 2003 5468: 5465: 5461: 5460:Bergreen 2003 5456: 5453: 5449: 5448:Bergreen 2003 5444: 5441: 5437: 5436:Bergreen 2003 5432: 5429: 5425: 5424:Bergreen 2003 5420: 5417: 5411: 5408: 5402: 5399: 5394: 5392:971-550-135-4 5388: 5384: 5380: 5374: 5371: 5367: 5366:Bergreen 2003 5362: 5359: 5354: 5347: 5345: 5343: 5339: 5335: 5330: 5327: 5323: 5318: 5316: 5312: 5308: 5307:Bergreen 2003 5303: 5300: 5296: 5295:Bergreen 2003 5291: 5288: 5284: 5283:Bergreen 2003 5279: 5276: 5272: 5271:Bergreen 2003 5267: 5264: 5260: 5255: 5252: 5248: 5247:Bergreen 2003 5243: 5240: 5236: 5231: 5228: 5224: 5219: 5216: 5212: 5211:Bergreen 2003 5207: 5204: 5200: 5199:Bergreen 2003 5195: 5192: 5188: 5183: 5181: 5177: 5173: 5168: 5165: 5161: 5160:Bergreen 2003 5156: 5153: 5149: 5148:Bergreen 2003 5144: 5141: 5137: 5136:Bergreen 2003 5132: 5129: 5125: 5120: 5117: 5113: 5112:Bergreen 2003 5108: 5105: 5101: 5100:Bergreen 2003 5096: 5093: 5090:, p. 44. 5089: 5084: 5081: 5077: 5072: 5069: 5064: 5060: 5056: 5052: 5048: 5042: 5039: 5035: 5034:Bergreen 2003 5030: 5027: 5023: 5018: 5015: 5011: 5006: 5003: 4999: 4994: 4991: 4987: 4986:Bergreen 2003 4982: 4979: 4966: 4962: 4956: 4953: 4949: 4948:Bergreen 2003 4944: 4941: 4937: 4936:Bergreen 2003 4932: 4929: 4925: 4924:Bergreen 2003 4920: 4917: 4913: 4912:Bergreen 2003 4908: 4905: 4892: 4888: 4887: 4879: 4876: 4872: 4867: 4864: 4860: 4855: 4852: 4848: 4847:Bergreen 2003 4843: 4840: 4836: 4835:Bergreen 2003 4831: 4828: 4824: 4823:Bergreen 2003 4819: 4816: 4812: 4807: 4804: 4800: 4799:Bergreen 2003 4795: 4792: 4788: 4783: 4780: 4767: 4763: 4761:9780300170283 4757: 4753: 4749: 4748: 4740: 4737: 4732: 4728: 4724: 4717: 4714: 4710: 4709:Bergreen 2003 4705: 4702: 4698: 4693: 4690: 4686: 4685:Bergreen 2003 4681: 4678: 4674: 4673:Bergreen 2003 4669: 4666: 4662: 4657: 4654: 4650: 4649:Bergreen 2003 4645: 4642: 4638: 4633: 4630: 4627:, p. 97. 4626: 4621: 4618: 4614: 4613:Bergreen 2003 4609: 4606: 4602: 4601:Bergreen 2003 4597: 4594: 4591:, p. 96. 4590: 4585: 4583: 4579: 4576:, p. 95. 4575: 4570: 4567: 4564:, p. 98. 4563: 4562:Bergreen 2003 4558: 4555: 4551: 4550:Bergreen 2003 4546: 4543: 4540:, p. 97. 4539: 4538:Bergreen 2003 4534: 4531: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4500: 4497: 4492: 4486: 4482: 4481: 4473: 4471: 4467: 4462: 4456: 4452: 4448: 4441: 4439: 4437: 4433: 4429: 4428:Bergreen 2003 4424: 4421: 4417: 4416:Bergreen 2003 4412: 4409: 4406:, p. 20. 4405: 4400: 4398: 4396: 4392: 4388: 4387:Bergreen 2003 4383: 4380: 4375: 4369: 4366:. Routledge. 4365: 4364: 4356: 4353: 4348: 4342: 4338: 4337: 4329: 4327: 4325: 4323: 4319: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4297: 4289: 4287: 4285: 4283: 4281: 4279: 4277: 4275: 4271: 4267: 4266:Bergreen 2003 4262: 4259: 4256:, p. 91. 4255: 4254:Bergreen 2003 4250: 4247: 4244:, p. 86. 4243: 4238: 4235: 4232:, p. 87. 4231: 4230:Bergreen 2003 4226: 4223: 4220:, p. 84. 4219: 4214: 4211: 4208:, p. 22. 4207: 4202: 4199: 4196:, p. 90. 4195: 4190: 4187: 4182: 4181: 4175: 4170: 4164: 4161: 4157: 4152: 4150: 4146: 4143:, p. 61. 4142: 4141:Bergreen 2003 4137: 4134: 4130: 4119: 4113: 4109: 4108: 4100: 4097: 4093: 4088: 4085: 4081: 4080:Bergreen 2003 4076: 4074: 4070: 4066: 4061: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4046: 4043: 4039: 4034: 4031: 4027: 4022: 4019: 4016:, p. 43. 4015: 4010: 4007: 4003: 3998: 3995: 3991: 3986: 3983: 3979: 3974: 3971: 3968:, p. 93. 3967: 3962: 3959: 3956:, p. 94. 3955: 3950: 3947: 3944:, p. 74. 3943: 3938: 3935: 3931: 3926: 3923: 3920:, p. 36. 3919: 3918:Bergreen 2003 3914: 3911: 3907: 3902: 3899: 3896:, p. 58. 3895: 3894:Bergreen 2003 3890: 3887: 3882: 3875: 3872: 3869:, p. 57. 3868: 3867:Bergreen 2003 3863: 3860: 3857:, p. 38. 3856: 3855:Bergreen 2003 3851: 3848: 3832: 3828: 3822: 3818: 3811: 3804: 3801: 3797: 3792: 3789: 3784: 3780: 3773: 3770: 3766: 3761: 3758: 3754: 3749: 3746: 3742: 3737: 3735: 3731: 3727: 3722: 3720: 3718: 3716: 3712: 3708: 3703: 3700: 3697:, p. 66. 3696: 3691: 3688: 3684: 3679: 3676: 3673:, p. 30. 3672: 3671:Bergreen 2003 3667: 3664: 3661:, p. 49. 3660: 3655: 3652: 3649:, p. 48. 3648: 3643: 3640: 3636: 3635:Bergreen 2006 3631: 3628: 3624: 3619: 3616: 3611: 3609:9781440836695 3605: 3601: 3597: 3596: 3588: 3586: 3582: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3568: 3564: 3558: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3541: 3537: 3536:DK Publishing 3533: 3532: 3524: 3522: 3518: 3506:. 6 June 2023 3505: 3501: 3495: 3492: 3479: 3475: 3474: 3469: 3462: 3460: 3458: 3456: 3454: 3452: 3448: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3423: 3417: 3415: 3413: 3411: 3409: 3407: 3403: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3372: 3369: 3363: 3358: 3348: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3323: 3320: 3316: 3315:Bergreen 2003 3312: 3306: 3303: 3299: 3298:Bergreen 2003 3295: 3289: 3286: 3281: 3274: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3246: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3226:Bergreen 2003 3222: 3219: 3215: 3209: 3206: 3199: 3194: 3190: 3187: 3185: 3182: 3180: 3177: 3175: 3172: 3170: 3167: 3165: 3162: 3160: 3157: 3155: 3152: 3151: 3146: 3144: 3142: 3137: 3134: 3132: 3128: 3122: 3115:Quincentenary 3114: 3109: 3105: 3104:Eastern Samar 3101: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3070: 3065: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3042: 3035: 3033: 3031: 3030: 3024: 3020: 3019:Drake Passage 3016: 3012: 3007: 3005: 3001: 2996: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2965: 2963: 2958: 2950: 2945: 2940: 2937: 2934: 2931: 2928: 2925: 2922: 2919: 2916: 2913: 2910: 2907: 2903: 2902: 2901: 2898: 2896: 2892: 2887: 2885: 2880: 2878: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2851: 2847: 2842: 2835: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2821:Andrés Blanco 2820: 2819: 2815: 2813: 2809: 2806: 2805: 2801: 2799: 2796: 2793: 2792: 2788: 2786: 2783: 2780: 2779: 2775: 2773: 2770: 2767: 2766: 2762: 2759: 2756: 2755: 2749: 2742: 2739: 2737: 2734: 2731: 2730: 2726: 2724: 2721: 2718: 2717: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2705: 2701: 2700: 2696: 2694: 2691: 2689: 2686: 2685: 2681: 2679: 2676: 2674: 2671: 2670: 2666: 2663: 2660: 2659: 2653: 2651: 2641: 2639: 2636: 2633: 2632: 2628: 2626: 2623: 2620: 2619: 2615: 2613: 2610: 2607: 2606: 2602: 2600: 2597: 2594: 2593: 2589: 2586: 2583: 2582: 2578: 2576: 2573: 2571:Ocacio Alonso 2570: 2569: 2565: 2563: 2560: 2557: 2556: 2552: 2550: 2547: 2544: 2543: 2539: 2537: 2534: 2531: 2530: 2526: 2523: 2520: 2519: 2515: 2513: 2510: 2507: 2506: 2503: 2500: 2498: 2495: 2493:Martín Méndez 2492: 2491: 2487: 2484: 2481: 2480: 2474: 2465: 2463: 2460: 2458: 2455: 2454: 2450: 2448: 2445: 2442: 2441: 2437: 2435: 2432: 2429: 2428: 2424: 2422: 2419: 2416: 2415: 2411: 2409: 2406: 2403: 2402: 2398: 2396: 2393: 2390: 2389: 2385: 2383: 2380: 2377: 2376: 2372: 2370: 2367: 2364: 2363: 2359: 2357: 2354: 2351: 2350: 2346: 2344: 2341: 2339:Diego Gallego 2338: 2337: 2333: 2331: 2328: 2325: 2322: 2321: 2317: 2315: 2312: 2310: 2307: 2306: 2302: 2300: 2297: 2294: 2293: 2289: 2287: 2284: 2281: 2280: 2276: 2274: 2271: 2268: 2267: 2263: 2261: 2258: 2255: 2254: 2251: 2248: 2246: 2243: 2240: 2239: 2235: 2233: 2230: 2228: 2225: 2224: 2220: 2217: 2214: 2213: 2209: 2203: 2201: 2197: 2189: 2187: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2172: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2129: 2127: 2125: 2121: 2120:Pacific route 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2096: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2077: 2075: 2069: 2067: 2066:Rajah Matanda 2061: 2059: 2055: 2050: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2017: 2013: 2011: 2005: 1998: 1996: 1992: 1990: 1981: 1979: 1977: 1967: 1962: 1954: 1952: 1950: 1946: 1941: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1925: 1923: 1922:Rajah Humabon 1919: 1915: 1906: 1904: 1902: 1898: 1893: 1889: 1883: 1875: 1873: 1871: 1868:and Calagan ( 1867: 1862: 1860: 1859:blood compact 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1823: 1816: 1814: 1810: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1763: 1761: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1745: 1740: 1736: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1685: 1683: 1674: 1670: 1665: 1658: 1656: 1653: 1648: 1646: 1645:Estêvão Gomes 1642: 1637: 1632: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1610: 1607:Desertion of 1606: 1604: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1585:Dawson Island 1582: 1581:Isabel Island 1577: 1575: 1570: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1523:Cape Virgenes 1516: 1511: 1504: 1499: 1492: 1490: 1483: 1481: 1479: 1475: 1470: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1455: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1438: 1434: 1432: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1416: 1411: 1407: 1398: 1396: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1381: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1357: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1339: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1324: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1297: 1295: 1292:, aboard the 1291: 1287: 1282: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1252: 1247: 1241:Easter mutiny 1240: 1238: 1235: 1233: 1225:Overwintering 1224: 1222: 1220: 1216: 1211: 1209: 1200: 1198: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1183: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1161: 1157: 1154:, the fabled 1153: 1145: 1143: 1139: 1137: 1130: 1125: 1121: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1102: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1066: 1061: 1059: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1039: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1020: 1016: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 995: 987: 985: 983: 979: 973: 968: 966: 960: 956: 954: 950: 946: 945:Diogo Barbosa 942: 938: 934: 929: 927: 923: 915: 913: 911: 907: 906:supernumerary 903: 899: 895: 891: 889: 885: 881: 877: 873: 871: 867: 866:Estêvão Gomes 863: 859: 850: 843: 839: 836: 833: 831: 828: 826: 825: 821: 820: 816: 812: 809: 806: 804: 801: 799: 798: 794: 793: 789: 786: 783: 780: 778: 775: 773: 772: 768: 767: 763: 760: 757: 755: 752: 750: 749: 745: 744: 740: 737: 734: 732: 729: 727: 726: 722: 721: 717: 713: 710: 707: 704: 701: 700: 694: 692: 688: 684: 680: 676: 668: 666: 664: 660: 655: 654: 647: 645: 640: 638: 634: 630: 623: 619: 615: 611: 606: 599: 597: 595: 591: 587: 582: 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 556: 553: 550: 547: 546: 541: 538: 537: 536: 534: 529: 525: 524: 519: 514: 512: 509: 504: 499: 497: 496:Spice Islands 493: 489: 485: 481: 476: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 457:Spanish Crown 454: 450: 445: 443: 442:Vasco da Gama 439: 435: 431: 419: 415: 411: 404: 402: 400: 396: 391: 386: 382: 378: 377: 372: 367: 365: 361: 357: 353: 349: 348:South America 343: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 321: 317: 313: 309: 305: 301: 297: 293: 289: 285: 281: 277: 273: 269: 257: 252: 247: 240: 236: 233: 230: 226: 225: 223: 219: 212: 208: 204: 200: 198: 194: 193: 191: 187: 183: 179: 173: 170: 168: 167: 163: 161: 160: 156: 154: 151: 149: 148: 144: 143: 141: 137: 134: 133:Spice Islands 130: 126: 112: 109: 105: 91: 88: 84: 81: 75: 72: 68: 65: 62: 58: 53: 49: 48: 41: 36: 30: 19: 7366:Spanish Navy 7272: 7262: 7252: 7242: 7232: 7222: 7202: 7194: 7081:Jorge Reinel 7037: 7032: 7025: 7018: 7011: 6912: 6873:(in Spanish) 6842:. Retrieved 6826: 6796: 6791:(in Spanish) 6783: 6775: 6774: 6757: 6749:the original 6743: 6734:the original 6728: 6710: 6691: 6683: 6682: 6664: 6644: 6624: 6604: 6585: 6577: 6576: 6566:. Retrieved 6541: 6537: 6513: 6485: 6481: 6449: 6420: 6402: 6377: 6373: 6360: 6332: 6305: 6284: 6262: 6251: 6250: 6246:Bibliography 6232:. Retrieved 6228:the original 6223: 6214: 6202:. Retrieved 6191: 6182: 6170:. Retrieved 6159: 6149: 6137:. Retrieved 6123: 6098: 6090: 6071: 6065: 6053:. Retrieved 6039: 6029: 6028: 6021:. Retrieved 6017:the original 6008: 5999: 5990: 5984: 5972: 5960: 5948: 5936: 5924: 5912: 5900: 5888: 5876: 5864: 5852: 5795: 5783: 5771: 5759: 5747: 5735: 5723: 5711: 5699: 5670: 5658: 5646: 5634: 5622: 5610: 5598: 5537: 5528: 5516: 5504: 5485: 5479: 5467: 5455: 5443: 5431: 5419: 5410: 5401: 5382: 5373: 5361: 5352: 5334:Cameron 1974 5329: 5322:Cameron 1974 5302: 5290: 5278: 5266: 5259:Cameron 1974 5254: 5242: 5235:Cameron 1974 5230: 5223:Cameron 1974 5218: 5206: 5194: 5187:Cameron 1974 5167: 5155: 5143: 5131: 5124:Cameron 1974 5119: 5107: 5095: 5083: 5071: 5054: 5050: 5047:Maude, H. E. 5041: 5029: 5022:Cameron 1974 5017: 5010:Cameron 1974 5005: 4998:Cameron 1974 4993: 4981: 4969:. Retrieved 4955: 4943: 4931: 4919: 4907: 4895:. Retrieved 4885: 4878: 4871:Cameron 1974 4866: 4859:Cameron 1974 4854: 4842: 4830: 4818: 4811:Cameron 1974 4806: 4794: 4787:Cameron 1974 4782: 4770:. 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Retrieved 3389:the original 3380: 3371: 3347: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3322: 3311:Cameron 1974 3305: 3294:Cameron 1974 3288: 3245: 3229: 3221: 3213: 3208: 3138: 3135: 3124: 3066: 3043: 3039: 3028: 3008: 2997: 2966: 2957:antimeridian 2954: 2899: 2888: 2881: 2876: 2860: 2855: 2849: 2802:Man-At-Arms 2789:Man-At-Arms 2747: 2702:Hans Varga ( 2649: 2647: 2642:Man-At-Arms 2629:Man-At-Arms 2616:Man-At-Arms 2471: 2324:Maestre Anes 2318:Man-At-Arms 2207: 2199: 2195: 2193: 2179: 2173: 2160: 2156: 2142:rounded the 2139: 2135: 2133: 2123: 2115: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2097: 2088: 2078: 2070: 2062: 2057: 2053: 2051: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2020: 2008: 1993: 1985: 1972: 1942: 1926: 1910: 1885: 1863: 1824: 1820: 1811: 1806: 1802: 1801:kept on the 1788:, a type of 1767: 1747: 1742: 1737: 1733:Flint Island 1724: 1712: 1708: 1686: 1678: 1672: 1651: 1649: 1640: 1635: 1630: 1628: 1618: 1608: 1601:Mar Pacifico 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1578: 1559: 1555: 1550: 1546: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1520: 1487: 1477: 1473: 1471: 1458: 1456: 1448:Juan Serrano 1443: 1441: 1436: 1413: 1402: 1399:Mutiny trial 1392: 1388: 1384: 1382: 1377: 1373: 1360: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1340: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1325: 1320: 1317:San Antonio' 1316: 1312: 1309:Juan Serrano 1304: 1300: 1298: 1293: 1285: 1283: 1278: 1274: 1271:Luis Mendoza 1265:), aided by 1262: 1256: 1251:Luis Mendoza 1236: 1228: 1212: 1204: 1186: 1180: 1177:Juan Serrano 1172: 1164: 1151: 1149: 1140: 1132: 1127: 1122: 1113: 1105: 1099: 1091: 1085: 1080:Porto Seguro 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1040: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1021: 1017: 1008: 993: 991: 975: 970: 961: 957: 952: 930: 919: 892: 874: 854: 830:Luis Mendoza 822: 795: 769: 746: 723: 690: 686: 674: 672: 648: 641: 632: 628: 626: 618:Punta Arenas 609: 593: 590:Diego Ribero 586:Jorge Reinel 583: 574: 560: 543: 521: 515: 508:cosmographer 500: 477: 452: 446: 428: 392: 384: 374: 368: 356:Mar Pacifico 355: 344: 330:, or 37,560 320:Indian Ocean 271: 267: 265: 221:Achievements 210: 206: 171: 164: 157: 152: 145: 45: 29: 7276:(2023 film) 7268:(2023 film) 7248:(2019 film) 7238:(2003 book) 7228:(2002 film) 7218:(1972 song) 7198:(1955 film) 7071:Rui Faleiro 7038:San Antonio 6986:João Serrão 5953:Castro 2018 5893:Castro 2018 5869:Castro 2018 5845:Castro 2018 5788:Castro 2018 5764:Castro 2018 5752:Castro 2018 5716:Castro 2018 5675:Castro 2018 5591:Joyner 1992 5574:Kelsey 2016 5557:Kelsey 2016 5521:Kelsey 2016 5509:Joyner 1992 5172:Suárez 1999 5088:Castro 2018 4404:Kelsey 2016 4194:Joyner 1992 4156:Joyner 1992 4092:Castro 2018 4065:Joyner 1992 4050:Castro 2018 4038:Castro 2018 4026:Castro 2018 4014:Castro 2018 4002:Castro 2018 3990:Castro 2018 3966:Joyner 1992 3954:Joyner 1992 3930:Joyner 1992 3906:Joyner 1992 3765:Joyner 1992 3753:Joyner 1992 3741:Joyner 1992 3707:Joyner 1992 3695:Joyner 1992 3683:Joyner 1992 3659:Joyner 1992 3647:Joyner 1992 3504:History.com 3269:or roughly 3238:Joyner 1992 3189:Magallanica 3108:Philippines 3076:geographer 2867:written by 2763:Final rank 2667:Final rank 2608:Juan Martín 2488:Final rank 2264:Shipmaster 2221:Final rank 1799:ship's boat 1652:San Antonio 1641:San Antonio 1636:San Antonio 1631:San Antonio 1609:San Antonio 1597:San Antonio 1593:San Antonio 1589:San Antonio 1560:San Antonio 1551:San Antonio 1539:San Antonio 1389:Concepción' 1328:San Antonio 1301:San Antonio 1294:San Antonio 1263:San Antonio 1195:fresh water 1106:Concepción' 1036:San Antonio 1028:San Antonio 982:trade winds 953:San Antonio 876:Ruy Faleiro 862:João Serrão 803:João Serrão 748:San Antonio 511:Rui Faleiro 451:, Castile ( 449:spice trade 424: 1517 324:Philippines 304:trade route 292:exploration 207:San Antonio 184:Approx. 270 153:San Antonio 7295:Categories 7112:Rajah Ache 7013:Concepción 6844:31 January 6684:Portuguese 6568:2 November 6469:1338665936 6342:029776568X 6324:1011550094 6139:23 October 6047:. London. 4897:14 January 3359:References 3119:See also: 3078:Abu'l-Fida 2714:Constable 2704:Hans Barge 2527:Carpenter 2277:Boatswain 2184:Valladolid 2148:Cape Verde 2023:Concepción 2016:lithograph 2010:Concepción 1934:Holy Child 1901:St Lazarus 1888:Easter Day 1876:First mass 1795:bergantina 1717:Saint Paul 1556:Concepción 1547:Concepción 1543:promontory 1535:Concepción 1275:Concepción 1208:St. Julian 1136:saturnalia 1120:language. 1096:brazilwood 771:Concepción 677:being the 545:adelantado 405:Background 302:to open a 280:Portuguese 203:Cape Verde 159:Concepción 120:1522-09-06 99:1519-09-20 7254:Boundless 7224:Lapu-Lapu 7195:Lapu-Lapu 6504:252451072 6440:950613571 6394:161223057 6271:253002380 6172:1 October 4731:560368881 3840:7 October 3578:2253-797X 3572:. 10(2). 3364:Citations 3267:toneladas 3141:monuments 2998:In 1565, 2962:longitude 2575:Bollullos 2502:Scrivener 2462:Barakaldo 2190:Survivors 2085:al-Mansur 1976:Lapu-Lapu 1949:Lapu-Lapu 1947:, led by 1758:vitamin C 1725:Tiburones 1721:Puka-Puka 1713:San Pablo 1425:careening 1415:strappado 1383:With the 1299:With the 1191:soundings 880:horoscope 715:(tonels) 637:maravedis 563:Charles I 528:Charles I 312:Indonesia 306:with the 282:explorer 189:Survivors 7214:Magellan 7188:In media 7107:Lapulapu 7054:European 7033:Santiago 7027:Victoria 7020:Trinidad 6922:Timeline 6835:Archived 6815:Archived 6633:Archived 6562:Archived 6411:25049890 6403:Magellan 6281:(2003). 6261:(1966). 6234:17 April 6198:Archived 6166:Archived 6133:Archived 6055:10 March 6049:Archived 6030:Victoria 5381:(1994). 5063:20703766 4971:17 March 4965:Archived 4891:Archived 4766:Archived 4725:London. 4517:Archived 4305:Archived 3831:Archived 3261:tonel (" 3259:Biscayan 3230:Santiago 3214:Victoria 3147:See also 2973:Moluccas 2865:a letter 2829:Shipboy 2825:Tenerife 2812:Brittany 2810:Trosic, 2650:Trinidad 2625:Tenerife 2603:Shipboy 2590:Shipboy 2451:Shipboy 2438:Shipboy 2425:Shipboy 2236:Captain 2210:in 1522 2208:Victoria 2200:Victoria 2196:Victoria 2180:Victoria 2169:cinnamon 2161:Victoria 2157:Victoria 2140:Victoria 2136:Victoria 2124:Trinidad 2116:Trinidad 2108:Trinidad 2104:Victoria 2100:Trinidad 2089:Almanzor 2058:Victoria 2054:Trinidad 2031:Victoria 2027:Trinidad 1999:Moluccas 1930:baptised 1847:Mindanao 1843:balangay 1839:Limasawa 1831:Homonhon 1803:Trinidad 1673:Zipangri 1531:Victoria 1527:Trinidad 1478:Santiago 1474:Santiago 1467:capsized 1459:Santiago 1444:Santiago 1437:Santiago 1435:Loss of 1421:marooned 1393:Trinidad 1385:Victoria 1378:alguacil 1374:Victoria 1370:poignard 1361:Victoria 1356:alguacil 1351:Victoria 1347:Trinidad 1343:Victoria 1336:Trinidad 1332:Victoria 1330:and the 1321:Trinidad 1313:Trinidad 1305:Santiago 1290:charcoal 1279:Victoria 1187:Santiago 1173:Santiago 1160:headland 1114:Trinidad 1032:Victoria 1009:Trinidad 994:Victoria 933:Tenerife 902:Venetian 824:Victoria 797:Santiago 788:Scuttled 725:Trinidad 705:Captain 687:Victoria 683:carracks 679:flagship 675:Trinidad 644:hardtack 610:Victoria 506:met the 488:Moluccas 471:died in 385:Victoria 376:Victoria 308:Moluccas 296:Atlantic 211:Trinidad 172:Santiago 166:Victoria 147:Trinidad 47:Victoria 7130:Related 6776:Spanish 6558:2512478 6252:English 6204:21 July 4311:9 April 4123:31 July 3340:Calambu 3336:Kulambu 3332:Colembu 3328:Kolambu 3280:cu. ft. 3251:calqued 3234:caravel 3074:Kurdish 3046:guanaco 3013:during 2989:Ternate 2816:Sailor 2776:Sailor 2727:Sailor 2723:Sevilla 2710:Germany 2697:Sailor 2682:Sailor 2579:Sailor 2566:Sailor 2553:Sailor 2540:Gunner 2516:Sailor 2497:Sevilla 2412:Sailor 2399:Sailor 2386:Sailor 2382:Sevilla 2373:Sailor 2369:Nafplio 2360:Sailor 2347:Sailor 2334:Gunner 2314:Vicenza 2303:Barber 2290:Sailor 2232:Getaria 2035:Palawan 1989:Enrique 1918:tribute 1870:Surigao 1703:or the 1410:gibbets 1219:squalls 1165:el paso 1152:el paso 1118:Guarani 935:in the 712:Tonnage 612:in the 520:of the 492:Ternate 480:Malacca 276:Spanish 118: ( 97: ( 60:Country 54:, 1590. 6803: 6764: 6717: 6698: 6672: 6651: 6611: 6592: 6578:French 6556: 6521: 6502: 6467: 6457: 6438: 6428: 6409: 6392: 6351:842695 6349: 6339: 6322: 6312: 6293: 6269: 6111: 6078: 5492: 5389: 5061: 4772:26 May 4758: 4729: 4487: 4457: 4370: 4343: 4114: 3823: 3606: 3576: 3542: 3232:was a 3127:UNESCO 3100:Guiuan 3096:Suluan 3062:alpaca 3058:vicuña 3052:. 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