300:
142:
45:
831:
357:") during peacetime and only activated ("commissioned") during times of conflict. This had the added advantage of preserving them from the wear and tear that smaller ships experienced in spending long periods at sea. Spending time in Ordinary could considerably extend a first rate's lifespan; for instance, by the time she fought in the
330:
Although very powerful, the Navy's first-rates were of limited utility at sea. For stability their lowest gundeck had to be very close to the waterline and its gunports could not be opened in anything but the calmest of seas. To do otherwise was to risk swamping the entire vessel, as occurred in 1781
341:
after the lower gunports were opened to air the ship. Early first-rates had little storage space to stow provisions for their large crews on long voyages, and the ships themselves routinely proved unseaworthy in winter weather; as a consequence the first-rates were restricted to summer cruising, and
313:
Early first rates had as few as 60 guns, but by the mid-1660s they generally carried between 90 and 100 guns. By the early years of the 18th century, it had become accepted that 100 guns was the standard criterion for a first rate in wartime (while 90 guns, later 98 guns, became the standard wartime
179:
capable of carrying at least 400 men, the size and establishment of first-rates evolved over the following 250 years to eventually denote ships of the line carrying at least 80 guns across three gundecks. By the end of the eighteenth century, a first-rate carried no fewer than 100 guns and more than
371:
With first rates being the most powerful ships of the navy, it was common to compare them with the navies of other nations; frequently one sees the largest ships of those navies being referred to as first rates. Other nations had their own rating systems, notably the French Navy with its system of
321:
In addition to the rated number of carriage-mounted guns (which included the heaviest calibre available mounted on their lower decks, with smaller guns on the decks above), first rates also carried a number of anti-personnel guns, initially swivel-mounted weapons. From the invention of the
326:
in the later 1770s, first rates (like other warships), could mount a number of these weapons on their quarterdecks and forecastles to augment their short-range firepower, but they were not included in the ship's rating until 1817 except where they replaced carriage-mounted guns.
196:, following which the fleet was formally divided into "great", "middling" and "lesser" craft. A 1618 commission of enquiry added a further designation of "Ships Royal" for the largest and most prestigious vessels in the fleet, each capable of carrying at least 400 men.
258:
The Navy's rating system was later modified to differentiate ships considered suitable for various functions within the naval tactics of the age of sail. Lower numbers indicated larger and more capable ships. By the mid-18th century ships suitable for the
318:). (In peacetime, all ships of the line carried a reduced complement of guns.) Towards the close of the century, ships were built with more than 100 guns, and they too were classed as first rates.
447:
770:
384:
Due to their cost of construction and maintenance, only a small number of first rates could be built and maintained at any one time. Thus over the 250 years (approximately) that the
345:
Ships of this size were extremely expensive to operate. As a result, the few first rates (the Royal Navy had only five completed in 1794) were typically reserved as commanding
933:
763:
2224:
756:
446:
had 120 guns. Other navies, notably those of France and Spain, also had similar ships with more than 100 guns, the most heavily armed being the
926:
399:
200:
919:
713:
694:
675:
656:
128:
443:
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385:
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then only in the
English Channel and nearby waters. By the mid-1700s, however, improved design had removed these limitations.
156:
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66:
460:
The Royal Navy's use of the term "first-rate" to describe its largest and most powerful vessels is the origin of the modern
2116:
224:
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109:
27:
This article is about the rating of Royal Navy ships. For the rating of late
Georgian and early Victorian buildings, see
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77:
2182:
436:
429:
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2137:
1775:
1605:
779:
358:
1863:
1816:
1260:
1205:
193:
748:
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1027:
735:
709:
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418:
28:
1831:
1780:
1704:
1689:
1101:
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971:
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168:
141:
2111:
2091:
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1974:
1904:
1544:
1388:
1330:
1305:
1230:
403:
279:
ships of around 50 guns, had earlier been considered suitable, but were being phased out.
368:
had been in service for 40 years, although a portion of this time was spent in
Ordinary.
435:, which was broken up in 1825. Both these ships had 100 guns. Later first rates such as
102:
2157:
2055:
2035:
1884:
1483:
1405:
1348:
1116:
1106:
997:
260:
240:
687:
British
Warships in the Age of Sail 1817–1863: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates
668:
British
Warships in the Age of Sail 1714–1792: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates
461:
2218:
2060:
2045:
1984:
1964:
1853:
1674:
1664:
1610:
1096:
885:
649:
British
Warships in the Age of Sail 1603–1714:Design, Construction, Careers and Fates
626:
354:
911:
2152:
2030:
1989:
1939:
1843:
1785:
1745:
1590:
1570:
1317:
1063:
1037:
862:
192:
The concept of a rating system for
British naval vessels dates to the accession of
172:
1290:
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803:
284:
280:
272:
268:
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2101:
1934:
1848:
1838:
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1358:
1215:
1180:
1146:
895:
880:
323:
17:
1979:
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sank at anchor in 1781 after she was flooded through her lower gunports.
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421:, and is a popular diving attraction. Two other noted first rates were
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was used, only a relatively small number of these ships saw service.
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2004:
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and included three very old vessels that had fought against the
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732:
The
Command of the Ocean, a Naval History of Britain 1649-1815
38:
452:
which, following a rebuilding in 1802, carried 140 guns.
291:
usually maneuvering independently of the line of battle.
402:'s flagship at the Battle of Trafalgar, is preserved at
353:. First rates were typically kept out of commission ("
464:
of "exceptionally good" or "of the highest quality."
706:
First rate: The
Greatest Warships of the Age of Sail
255:
so unseaworthy that she was sold for scrap in 1627.
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2013:
1897:
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69:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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263:were first-rate ships carrying at least 100 guns,
243:in 1588. Their condition was generally poor, with
417:, survives intact in shallow water near shore in
391:Only one first rate has survived to the present.
708:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute press.
406:and is in commission. The hull of the 102-gun
927:
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8:
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1326:
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267:ships carrying 84 to 98 guns, and larger
129:Learn how and when to remove this message
589:
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689:. Barnsley, United Kingdom: Seaforth.
670:. Barnsley, United Kingdom: Seaforth.
651:. Barnsley, United Kingdom: Seaforth.
609:. Barnsley, United Kingdom: Seaforth.
530:
271:ships carrying 70 to 80 guns. Smaller
34:Historic category for Royal Navy ships
275:ships carrying about 60–64 guns, and
251:already completely unserviceable and
7:
167:was the designation for the largest
67:adding citations to reliable sources
428:, which was broken up in 1841, and
25:
180:850 crew, and had a measurement (
829:
43:
2225:Rating system of the Royal Navy
783:rating system of the Royal Navy
386:rating system of the Royal Navy
157:rating system of the Royal Navy
54:needs additional citations for
184:) tonnage of some 2,000 tons.
1:
2133:Bristol Channel pilot cutter
159:used to categorise sailing
2241:
26:
827:
730:Rodger, N. A. M. (2004).
1827:Iron-hulled sailing ship
462:English-language meaning
199:The first Ships Royal –
175:with the designation of
1636:Square-rigged caravel (
607:The Battle of Trafalgar
145:The British first-rate
734:. London: Allan Lane.
704:Winfield, Rif (2010).
685:Winfield, Rif (2014).
666:Winfield, Rif (2007).
647:Winfield, Rif (2009).
628:The Price of Admiralty
310:
152:
2168:Pinnace (ship's boat)
1530:Chinese treasure ship
624:Keegan, John (1989).
372:five formal rates or
302:
235:– were all converted
171:. Originating in the
144:
2183:Thames sailing barge
2014:Recreational vessels
632:. New York: Viking.
605:Bennett, G. (2004).
331:when the first-rate
63:improve this article
2204:Nautical operations
2138:Floating restaurant
2026:Ljungström sailboat
1606:Full-rigged pinnace
444:its several sisters
359:Battle of Trafalgar
1321:and other vessels
1315:Naval and merchant
533:, pp. 277–278
449:Santísima Trinidad
337:sank at anchor at
311:
194:James I of England
153:
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2041:Sailing hydrofoil
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1812:Blackwall frigate
1735:Baltimore Clipper
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791:Ships of the line
419:Kingston, Ontario
169:ships of the line
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29:Building Act 1774
16:(Redirected from
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1781:Ship of the line
1705:Ship of the line
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1323:(by origin date)
1102:Full-rigged ship
1003:Fore-and-aft rig
972:Age of Discovery
967:Maritime history
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404:HMNB Portsmouth
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314:ordnance for a
303:The first-rate
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245:Elizabeth Jonas
202:Elizabeth Jonas
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521:, pp. 1–4
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400:Admiral Nelson
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241:Spanish Armada
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2080:Special terms
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1318:sailing ships
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715:9781591142645
711:
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696:9781848321694
692:
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677:9781844157006
673:
669:
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658:9781848320406
654:
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602:
598:
591:
590:Winfield 2010
586:
583:
579:
578:Winfield 2014
574:
571:
568:
567:Winfield 2010
563:
560:
557:, p. xii
556:
555:Winfield 2009
551:
548:
544:
543:Winfield 2007
539:
536:
532:
527:
524:
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519:Winfield 2009
515:
512:
508:
507:Winfield 2009
503:
500:
496:
495:Winfield 2010
491:
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119:February 2013
111:
108:
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80: –
79:
75:
74:Find sources:
68:
64:
58:
57:
52:This article
50:
46:
41:
40:
37:
30:
19:
2153:Norfolk punt
2031:Mast aft rig
1940:Herring buss
1864:West Country
1786:Sloop-of-war
1641:
1637:
1571:Crommesteven
1064:sailing rigs
1038:Mast aft rig
986:Sailing rigs
946:vessels and
863:Sloop-of-war
798:
780:Early Modern
731:
705:
686:
667:
648:
627:
606:
599:Bibliography
585:
573:
562:
550:
538:
526:
514:
502:
482:, p. 19
480:Bennett 2004
475:
459:
448:
438:
431:
424:
409:
394:
390:
383:
373:
370:
364:
344:
334:Royal George
333:
329:
320:
312:
306:Royal George
304:
257:
252:
248:
244:
231:
225:
219:
213:
207:
201:
198:
191:
176:
173:Jacobean era
164:
154:
148:
125:
116:
106:
99:
92:
85:
78:"First-rate"
73:
61:Please help
56:verification
53:
36:
2148:Mersey flat
2126:Other types
1915:Barca-longa
1817:Down Easter
1454:Bomb vessel
1406:K'un-lun po
1384:Quadriremes
1369:Penteconter
1256:Quadrimaran
1077:Barquentine
993:Bermuda rig
962:Age of Sail
871:Bomb vessel
821:Fourth-rate
811:Second-rate
592:, p. 6
580:, p. 8
545:, p. 5
531:Keegan 1989
509:, p. 1
497:, p. 8
456:Other usage
415:War of 1812
410:St Lawrence
355:in Ordinary
316:second rate
287:ships were
277:fourth-rate
265:second-rate
177:Ships Royal
2112:Treenailed
2092:Lashed lug
2087:Inflatable
2066:Windsurfer
2051:Sportsboat
2000:Well smack
1869:Windjammer
1796:Trincadour
1766:Padewakang
1616:Man-of-war
1555:Trabaccolo
1494:Malangbang
1296:Vaka katea
1246:Pentamaran
1087:Brigantine
1048:Square rig
1043:Pinisi rig
1023:Lateen rig
1013:Gunter rig
977:Navigation
853:Sixth-rate
848:Fifth-rate
816:Third-rate
804:Man-of-war
799:First-rate
741:0713994118
639:0670814164
616:1844151077
285:sixth-rate
281:Fifth-rate
273:third-rate
269:third-rate
253:White Bear
214:White Bear
165:first rate
89:newspapers
18:First rate
2107:Tall ship
1935:Gableboat
1849:Leti leti
1839:Janggolan
1771:Post ship
1642:de armada
1631:Speronara
1359:Fire ship
1291:Va'a-tele
1216:Kora kora
1181:Catamaran
1147:Multihull
1053:Tanja rig
998:Crab claw
955:Overviews
942:Types of
896:Post ship
881:Fire ship
439:Caledonia
437:HMS
432:Britannia
430:HMS
423:HMS
408:HMS
393:HMS
363:HMS
351:flagships
324:carronade
226:Ark Royal
220:Merhonour
2219:Category
2061:Wharrams
1980:Sixareen
1975:Nordland
1970:Patorani
1756:Gundalow
1741:Gallivat
1726:Chialoup
1721:Bilander
1670:Corvette
1586:Galleass
1545:Lancaran
1504:Tongkang
1489:Longship
1439:Balinger
1339:Balangay
1286:Ungalawa
1281:Trimaran
1276:Tongiaki
1271:Tipairua
1122:Schooner
1018:Junk rig
1008:Gaff rig
901:Schooner
840:Frigates
347:admirals
339:Spithead
289:frigates
237:galleons
161:warships
2197:Related
1995:Tartane
1945:Jangada
1925:Felucca
1920:Falkuša
1878:20th c.
1832:Warship
1822:Golekan
1805:19th c.
1731:Clipper
1714:18th c.
1700:Polacca
1680:Frigate
1658:17th c.
1626:Patache
1621:Manchua
1596:Flyboat
1581:Galleon
1564:16th c.
1535:Caravel
1525:Carrack
1518:15th c.
1484:Kondura
1449:Birlinn
1379:Trireme
1331:Ancient
1266:Tepukei
1221:Lakatoi
1211:Karakoa
1191:Guilalo
1176:Camakau
1161:Amatasi
1149:vessels
1117:Mistico
1092:Catboat
1033:Lug rig
944:sailing
891:Gunboat
395:Victory
365:Victory
249:Triumph
232:Victory
208:Triumph
188:Origins
182:burthen
155:In the
149:Victory
103:scholar
2188:Wherry
2163:Pausik
2021:Dinghy
1965:Mayang
1960:Masula
1955:Lugger
1950:Jukung
1854:Palari
1776:74-gun
1761:Lanong
1685:Galeas
1611:Lorcha
1576:Galiot
1540:Ghurab
1499:Shitik
1444:Benawa
1394:Dromon
1374:Bireme
1364:Galley
1226:Lanong
1196:Jukung
1166:Baurua
1097:Cutter
1072:Barque
886:Cutter
738:
712:
693:
674:
655:
636:
613:
295:Rating
105:
98:
91:
84:
76:
2143:Fusta
2097:Razee
2071:Yacht
1990:Smack
1985:Sgoth
1930:Fifie
1905:Bagan
1859:Tamar
1844:Lambo
1746:Garay
1649:Xebec
1638:round
1601:Fluyt
1591:Ghali
1509:Zabra
1474:Knarr
1416:Mtepe
1344:Boita
1301:Vinta
1261:Takia
1241:Paraw
1206:Kalia
1171:Bigiw
1156:ʻalia
1127:Sloop
1112:Ketch
468:Notes
380:Ships
374:rangs
110:JSTOR
96:books
2178:Scow
2173:Pram
2117:ULDB
2102:Sewn
2005:Yoal
1910:Bago
1791:Toop
1751:Grab
1695:Pink
1690:Koff
1479:Koch
1469:Jong
1464:Hulk
1411:Lepa
1401:Junk
1354:Dhow
1251:Proa
1236:Pahi
1201:Kaep
1186:Drua
1137:Yawl
1132:Snow
1082:Brig
948:rigs
876:Brig
736:ISBN
710:ISBN
691:ISBN
672:ISBN
653:ISBN
634:ISBN
611:ISBN
442:and
283:and
247:and
229:and
163:, a
147:HMS
82:news
1640:or
1550:Hoy
1459:Cog
1421:Uru
1062:By
65:by
2221::
1306:Wa
487:^
398:,
376:.
361:,
349:'
223:,
217:,
211:,
205:,
1737:)
1733:(
1644:)
935:e
928:t
921:v
772:e
765:t
758:v
744:.
718:.
699:.
680:.
661:.
642:.
619:.
132:)
126:(
121:)
117:(
107:·
100:·
93:·
86:·
59:.
31:.
20:)
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