1777:
4238:
3040:(or siege machines of an unspecified type) that began to fire into the city from towers built by the besiegers. The same chronicle states that the troops of NĂșñez de Lara and those of Alonso PĂ©rez de GuzmĂĄn had enveloped the town so effectively that the Muslim defenders were powerless to resist their attackers, being forced to surrender the city rather after an extended and gallant defence. GuzmĂĄn and Lara allowed for some 1,125 Muslim inhabitants of the city to leave unharmed.
2959:
1374:
5392:
3889:
1710:
5416:
2610:
5428:
5404:
3105:
returned with his army to
Algeciras, where the Castilian forces, being unable to take the great fortress town, were obliged to retreat. This ended their campaign against Granada, at great cost to Castile that was only mitigated by its success at Gibraltar and the cession of the border towns of Quesada, Quadros, Belmar and a payment of 5,000 golden pistoles.
2624:
3151:
could refuge in the city and be free of any prosecution from the law, including the penalty of death (although this provision did not extend to traitors to the crown). Further, he decreed that no duty could be imposed on any goods passing in and out of the city but the number of disreputable people
3104:
After the conquest of
Gibraltar, Ferdinand IV ordered the repair of the city defences which had been damaged during the assault. He also ordered the construction of a new tower to defend the city walls. He further ordered the building of a shipyard that would serve to shelter passing ships. He then
3116:
In the year 709 (beginning June, a.d. 1309), the King of
Castile, Herando (Ferdinand IV.), laid siege to Algeciras. He remained before that city from the 21st day of Safar to the end of Shaban, when, desparing of reducing that place, he raised the siege, though not without making himself master of
2760:
by 24 June 1309 which was also when a previous peace treaty between
Granada and Castile was set to expire. It was further agreed that the Aragonese monarch, James II, could not sign a separate peace accord with the Emir of Granada. A combined Aragonese-Castilian navy was also formed to support the
3043:
On 12 September 1309, Ferdinand IV's army officially occupied
Gibraltar. According to the Castilian king's chronicle, when Ferdinand IV entered the city, one local Muslim elder told him that he had been present at three previous cities where Christian forces had expelled him. First at the city of
3271:
50:
2797:
which would stay as part of
Castile, having all previously been part of the Kingdom of Castile and LeĂłn prior to their Muslim takeovers. Ferdinand IV further stipulated that if the lands taken from the Kingdom of AlmerĂa did not amount to one sixth of Granadan territory, that the
3426:
3131:
found himself almost immediately under attack from his vassals who were angry of his concessions to
Ferdinand IV. Upon the discovery of an attempt on his life, Muhammed III travelled back to Granada where the populace was up in arms and his brother,
3152:
residing in the city significantly dampened repopulation efforts. In
February and March 1310, Ferdinand IV rewarded the town of Seville whose militias had been instrumental in the victory at Gibraltar, offering its people various privileges.
2776:
Ferdinand IV promised to cede one sixth of the conquered
Granadan territory to the Aragonese crown and therefore chose the entirety of the Kingdom of Almeria as its limits for the agreement with the exception of the towns of
2814:
The concessions to Aragon, which had begun a period of relative irrelevancy compared to
Castile, would once again restore the kingdom's power within the Iberian Peninsula. Aragon had previously reached its height under the
3731:
3653:
3624:
3447:
3300:
3208:
1593:
2982:
to complete their remaining objective of capturing Gibraltar, whilst keeping the larger portion of his forces encamped around Algeciras. The force sent to besiege and capture Gibraltar was put under the command of
2711:
The battle resulted in a victory for the Crown of Castile, one of the few victories in what turned out to be a disastrous campaign. The taking of Gibraltar greatly increased the relative power of Castile on the
2879:
of 1309, the first courts to ever occur in the actual Spanish capital, Ferdinand IV publicly announced his desire to wage war against the Emirate of Granada and demanded subsidies to begin battle manoeuvres.
2802:
would step in to resolve any differences related to the matter. These concessions to the Crown of Aragon led a few of Ferdinand IV's vassals to protest the ratification of the treaty, amongst them were
4612:
3563:
3531:
4685:
3139:
Ferdinand IV appointed one of the besieging officers, Alfonzo Fernando de Mendoza, to the post of governor of the newly captured city. By 1310, Ferdinand IV issued edicts initiating a
1813:
3136:
had installed himself on the throne. Muhammed III was made to watch his minister be slaughtered and his palace plundered. He abdicated in favour of his brother shortly afterwards.
3809:
3725:
3647:
3618:
3441:
3294:
3202:
4348:
2361:
829:
4161:
1586:
196:
5511:
4690:
2927:
which officially conceded to Ferdinand IV one 10th of all clergy taxes collected in his kingdoms for three years to aid in financing the campaign against Granada.
4866:
4431:
1738:
3877:
5266:
3026:
by 15 August 1309. That ill-fated venture lasted until 26 January 1310 when the forces of Aragon were obliged to withdraw from the campaign due to stalemate.
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4148:
1271:
1266:
2804:
2171:
2155:
145:
4059:
2656:
639:
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1680:
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which saw its territory and influence expand considerably. Ferdinand insisted on the Aragonese alliance to cement an alliance between Aragon and the
5118:
4921:
2417:
1841:
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2232:
5344:
5320:
4663:
3387:
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2511:
2448:
3855:
3479:
4678:
4673:
3072:
Señor, que oviste conmigo en me echar de aquĂ; ca tu visabuelo el rey D. Fernando quando tomĂł a Sevilla me echĂł dende Ă© vine a morar ĂĄ Xerez,
2996:
2901:
2287:
1646:
1607:
365:
189:
4279:
3078:
salvo, vino el rey D. Sancho, tu padre, Ă© tomĂł a Tarifa Ă© hechome dende, Ă© vine a morar aquĂ ĂĄ Gibraltar, Ă© teniendo que en ningĂșn lugar non
4098:
2799:
1986:
1700:
360:
2488:
5447:
5491:
5315:
5295:
5143:
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4171:
4166:
2534:
2377:
1674:
2846:
1160:
1033:
5521:
5501:
5239:
5148:
4834:
4459:
4353:
2335:
1731:
799:
5432:
527:
5496:
5325:
5153:
5021:
4529:
4524:
4301:
3870:
3846:
3798:
3777:
3708:
3598:
3420:
3362:
3075:é después el rey D. Alfonso, tu abuelo, quando tomó a Xerez hechome dende é yo vine å morar a Tarifa, é cuydando que estaba en lugar
2745:
1656:
1612:
2113:
2018:
1043:
889:
669:
5531:
5283:
5203:
5125:
4274:
2939:
182:
3832:(in Spanish and Latin) (Individuo de Numero de la Real Agademia de la Historia ed.). Madrid: Imprenta de F. Maroto Ă© Hijos.
3081:
estarĂa tan en salvo en toda la tierra de los moros de aquende la mar como aquĂ. Ă pues veo que en ningĂșn lugar destos non-puedo
1776:
5300:
5249:
4901:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
3181:
3128:
2761:
siege in a blockade of the coastal Granadian towns. It was also stipulated that the Crown of Castile would attack the towns of
2701:
2495:
2327:
1058:
599:
150:
1013:
283:
5278:
5138:
4883:
4856:
4223:
4052:
2808:
2649:
1336:
993:
293:
3586:
3263:
1617:
370:
5256:
5244:
4319:
4181:
4138:
4021:
2393:
2148:
2026:
1724:
1540:
1520:
1353:
1110:
921:
634:
338:
380:
5506:
5261:
5163:
5016:
4972:
4791:
4607:
4553:
4314:
3863:
2081:
2065:
1921:
1425:
1190:
1115:
522:
3176:
2988:
2893:
2690:
941:
133:
5330:
5208:
4861:
4818:
4574:
4102:
3893:
3478:(Individuo de Numero de la Real Agademia de la Historia ed.). Madrid: Imprenta de F. Maroto Ă© Hijos. p. 40.
2864:
which authorised a general crusade against Granada to conquer the Iberian Peninsula together with mandates to conquer
2741:
2595:
2207:
1689:
654:
604:
20:
4911:
3166:
3068:, and now finally again by Ferdinand IV himself. The original Spanish language text from this passage is as follows:
2992:
2984:
2897:
2889:
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864:
824:
137:
129:
5526:
5486:
5367:
5133:
5113:
4977:
4871:
4781:
4309:
4118:
4016:
3965:
2966:
fortifications of Gibraltar, dating to this period, still stand today. The most prominent being the remains of the
2542:
2516:
1970:
1530:
1475:
1222:
1100:
1073:
1063:
978:
926:
794:
754:
679:
644:
569:
355:
333:
256:
236:
1373:
834:
5357:
5196:
5031:
4725:
4519:
4421:
4343:
4093:
4045:
3970:
3950:
3927:
3241:
3161:
3109:
3000:
2975:
2905:
2642:
2578:
2563:
2456:
2401:
1756:
1495:
1460:
1450:
1395:
1311:
1252:
1232:
1227:
1185:
1130:
1105:
1095:
1068:
1048:
724:
684:
664:
584:
328:
141:
3787:
Torres Fontes, Juan (1980). Academia Alfonso X el Sabio. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientĂficas (ed.).
2303:
5290:
4798:
4740:
4715:
4710:
4546:
4439:
4386:
4143:
4113:
4026:
3993:
3988:
3960:
3955:
3932:
3758:
3049:
2717:
2568:
2311:
1947:
1914:
1875:
1857:
1545:
1505:
1500:
1470:
1465:
1455:
1445:
1321:
1237:
1212:
1165:
1135:
1125:
739:
704:
694:
288:
278:
231:
4999:
4474:
3410:
2830:
After the signing of the treaty at AlcalĂĄ de Henares, Castile and Aragon both sent emissaries to the court at
2753:
988:
904:
859:
532:
497:
427:
2938:. Final preparations for the siege were carried out in Seville, where Ferdinand IV arrived in July 1309. The
5516:
4982:
4449:
3171:
3133:
3032:
2850:
2733:
2705:
2354:
1651:
1515:
1217:
1155:
1145:
1003:
998:
958:
931:
916:
814:
784:
764:
744:
649:
619:
609:
557:
552:
482:
452:
442:
410:
375:
313:
303:
154:
125:
5061:
5011:
4967:
4893:
4876:
4735:
4619:
4541:
4251:
3788:
2794:
2529:
2256:
2224:
2057:
1299:
1294:
1207:
894:
879:
874:
789:
734:
594:
517:
492:
400:
318:
241:
3557:
3525:
3355:
Data Almizrano. Siete siglos y medio de historiografĂa valenciana sobre el Tratado de Almizra (1244â1994)
2842:
to further support military operations. They also asked for the papal blessing of a marriage between the
759:
5273:
5186:
5083:
5044:
4916:
4803:
4702:
4594:
4579:
4501:
2573:
2503:
2295:
1316:
1038:
1028:
936:
729:
709:
308:
5408:
4401:
2934:
where the emissaries of James II announced that the Aragonese king was prepared to besiege the city of
2931:
2089:
968:
4962:
4944:
4851:
4808:
4763:
4651:
4406:
4269:
4123:
4082:
4008:
3998:
3980:
3942:
3919:
3901:
3061:
3057:
3053:
2729:
2279:
2034:
1882:
1639:
1578:
1558:
1525:
1488:
1418:
1383:
1362:
1289:
1202:
1023:
951:
819:
809:
779:
769:
624:
579:
574:
512:
457:
323:
266:
251:
37:
5006:
3379:
3323:
5056:
4906:
4840:
4444:
4411:
4331:
4108:
3824:
3470:
3469:
R.P. Fidel Fita y Colomé (1882). "III Concilio Provincial de Alcala de Henares, 8 Noviembre I309".
2272:
1862:
1818:
1331:
1008:
946:
844:
629:
547:
542:
472:
395:
226:
5415:
3652:. in Al-makkari, vol. ii. p. 355. (2nd ed.). University of California: Provost. p. 135.
5396:
5224:
5191:
5170:
5158:
4994:
4720:
4602:
4584:
3019:
3015:
3004:
2947:
2909:
2854:
2757:
2694:
2385:
2198:
2189:
2002:
1890:
1793:
1390:
1326:
1150:
1078:
983:
839:
749:
502:
467:
390:
385:
113:
108:
3268:
The EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica, or, Dictionary of arts, sciences, and general literature, Volume 10
2180:
2073:
3270:(8th ed.). University of Wisconsin, Madison: Adam & Charles Black. 1856. p. 618.
5362:
5103:
5098:
4396:
4291:
4193:
4189:
4133:
3842:
3794:
3773:
3704:
3594:
3416:
3358:
2820:
2790:
2713:
2583:
2409:
2248:
2240:
2163:
1626:
1622:
1535:
1510:
1435:
1306:
1284:
1180:
1170:
1140:
973:
899:
854:
849:
804:
714:
674:
659:
614:
589:
537:
487:
462:
432:
422:
298:
261:
104:
49:
5420:
5352:
5108:
5066:
4536:
4454:
4391:
4376:
4199:
3036:
mention that the Castilian forces surrounded the city of Gibraltar and besieged it with two
2958:
2816:
2678:
1963:
1806:
1786:
1765:
1714:
1565:
1247:
1175:
1053:
1018:
689:
437:
100:
3682:
4786:
3011:
2824:
2737:
2472:
2433:
2123:
1602:
963:
774:
699:
507:
477:
447:
405:
246:
3826:
Actas Inéditas de Siete Concilos Españoles Celebrados Desde el Año 1282 Hasta el de I314
3508:
3472:
Actas Inéditas de Siete Concilos Españoles Celebrados Desde el Año 1282 Hasta el de I314
3096:
The Castilian victory at Gibraltar ended almost 600 years of Muslim rule over the city.
2999:
and the council of nobles associated with that city. The group was further bolstered by
4989:
4469:
4464:
4153:
3140:
2967:
2920:
2835:
2786:
2628:
2440:
2369:
2132:
2050:
1994:
1120:
884:
869:
719:
5480:
5039:
4730:
4416:
4284:
3593:. dos tomos (ill. ed.). London: Shepheard-Walwyn (Publishers) Ltd. p. 114.
2749:
2464:
2105:
2010:
350:
3084:
fincar, yo yrĂ© allende la mar Ă© me pornĂ© en lugar do biva en salvo Ă© acabe mis dĂas.
4207:
4128:
2943:
2614:
3676:
4668:
4381:
3562:. dos tomos (1ÂȘ ed.). Madrid: Imprenta de Don JosĂ© RodrĂguez. p. 220.
3530:. dos tomos (1ÂȘ ed.). Madrid: Imprenta de Don JosĂ© RodrĂguez. p. 223.
3415:. University of Wisconsin, Madison: EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica. 1973. p. 559.
2674:
1978:
1937:
1440:
1405:
1400:
1242:
208:
41:
4846:
3820:
3023:
2858:
2857:. The Pope agreed to both ventures and on 24 April 1309, Clement V issued the
2770:
1929:
1430:
5462:
5449:
174:
4237:
4068:
3888:
2782:
2766:
2762:
75:
3823:(1882). "III Concilio Provincial de Alcala de Henares, 8 Noviembre I309".
3727:
The History of Gibraltar and of Its Political Relation to Events in Europe
3678:
The history of Gibraltar and of its political relation to events in Europe
3620:
The History of Gibraltar and of Its Political Relation to Events in Europe
3204:
The History of Gibraltar and of Its Political Relation to Events in Europe
4215:
3513:. Barcelona: TipografĂa de la Casa Provincial de Caridad. pp. 34â35.
2869:
2839:
1849:
1834:
2716:
though the actual city was later recaptured by Muslim forces during the
5071:
3045:
2979:
2935:
2913:
2865:
2843:
2831:
2682:
2319:
3730:(2nd ed.). Harvard University: Chapman and Hall. pp. 16â17.
3233:
3127:
In the immediate aftermath of the peace treaty, the Emir of Granada,
3065:
2876:
2778:
2698:
1898:
4037:
3763:(in Spanish) (1ÂȘ ed.). Madrid: Imprenta de Don JosĂ© RodrĂguez.
3149:
swindlers, thieves, murderers and wives escaped from their husbands
2978:, Ferdinand IV sent part of his army from the military councils of
2888:
The main vassals contributing to operations against Gibraltar were
2769:
and that the Aragonese forces would attempt to conquer the city of
3623:(2nd ed.). Harvard University: Chapman and Hall. p. 16.
3207:(2nd ed.). Harvard University: Chapman and Hall. p. 15.
2963:
2957:
2912:. The majority of this army consisted of the militia councils of
2827:
so that they would not intervene in the coming war with Granada.
2740:, Bernat de SarriĂ and Gonzalo GarcĂa agreed to the terms of the
3446:(2nd ed.). University of California: Provost. p. 136.
3299:(2nd ed.). University of California: Provost. p. 135.
4942:
4761:
4499:
4249:
4080:
4041:
3859:
3681:(2nd ed.). Harvard University: Chapman and Hall. pp.
178:
4826:
2942:
for the invasion army passed through Seville and crossed the
2677:
that took place in 1309. The battle pitted the forces of the
3112:
writes of the Algeciras campaign in a similar form, saying:
3724:
Sayer, Frederick (1865). "I: First Siege by Ferdinand IV".
3703:. Cranbury, NJ: Associated University Presses. p. 41.
3675:
Sayer, Frederick (1865). "I: Conspiracy Against Muhammed".
3617:
Sayer, Frederick (1865). "I: First Siege by Ferdinand IV".
3502:
3500:
3380:"Fernando IV de Castilla: La Conquista de Gibraltar (1309)"
3324:"Fernando IV de Castilla: La Conquista de Gibraltar (1309)"
3201:
Sayer, Frederick (1865). "I: First Siege by Ferdinand IV".
3048:
where he was expelled by Ferdinand IV's great grandfather,
3768:
GonzĂĄlez MĂnguez, CĂ©sar; CĂ©sar GonzĂĄlez MĂnguez (1995).
2681:(mostly those from the military councils of the city of
3228:
3226:
3143:
of Gibraltar. One of the incentives offered for this
3056:
where he was expelled by Ferdinand IV's grandfather,
2946:
River and travelled by sea to the territories of the
4349:
Ornithological & Natural History Society (GONHS)
5343:
5232:
5223:
5179:
5091:
5082:
5030:
4955:
4892:
4817:
4774:
4701:
4593:
4567:
4512:
4430:
4369:
4362:
4300:
4262:
4007:
3979:
3941:
3918:
3900:
1594:Evacuation of the Gibraltarian civilian population
3814:(2nd ed.). University of California: Provost.
2930:From Toledo, Ferdinand IV and his army marched to
2838:and to obtain the clerical backing of an official
3772:(in Spanish) (1ÂȘ ed.). Palencia: La Olmeda.
1587:Military history of Gibraltar during World War II
4691:European Union (Referendum) Act 2016 (Gibraltar)
3841:. Cranbury, NJ: Associated University Presses.
3114:
3070:
30:
4053:
3871:
3646:Mann, J. H. (1873). "XVII: The First Siege".
3591:España Britannia: A Bitter-sweet Relationship
3440:Mann, J. H. (1873). "XVII: The First Siege".
3293:Mann, J. H. (1873). "XVII: The First Siege".
2849:, the firstborn daughter of Ferdinand IV and
2650:
1732:
190:
8:
3018:had already begun their own war against the
5229:
5088:
4952:
4939:
4771:
4758:
4509:
4496:
4366:
4259:
4246:
4077:
4060:
4046:
4038:
3878:
3864:
3856:
3612:
3610:
2744:. Ferdinand IV, supported by his brother,
2657:
2643:
1750:
1739:
1725:
1347:
197:
183:
175:
27:
4559:Political development in modern Gibraltar
3022:and were in place besieging the city of
5512:Sieges involving the Emirate of Granada
3760:Memorias de Don Fernando IV de Castilla
3559:Memorias de Don Fernando IV de Castilla
3551:
3549:
3527:Memorias de Don Fernando IV de Castilla
3193:
3003:, the contemporary grand master of the
1764:
1753:
1699:
1361:
1350:
3485:from the original on 24 September 2015
3412:The EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica, Volume 14
2386:Revolution and Asturian miners' strike
3811:A History of Gibraltar and its Sieges
3649:A History of Gibraltar and its Sieges
3443:A History of Gibraltar and its Sieges
3296:A History of Gibraltar and its Sieges
3244:from the original on 14 December 2013
7:
5403:
3274:from the original on 6 February 2017
5427:
3429:from the original on 21 March 2017.
2535:Catalan declaration of independence
1675:History of nationality in Gibraltar
4835:Gibraltar Broadcasting Corporation
3566:from the original on 23 April 2017
3534:from the original on 23 April 2017
3060:, third by Ferdinand IV's father,
19:For similarly titled battles, see
14:
5154:Cathedral of St. Mary the Crowned
5022:Scouting and Guiding in Gibraltar
3734:from the original on 2 April 2018
3656:from the original on 2 April 2018
3627:from the original on 2 April 2018
3556:Benavides, Antonio (1860). "XV".
3524:Benavides, Antonio (1860). "XV".
3450:from the original on 2 April 2018
3390:from the original on 4 March 2016
3334:from the original on 4 March 2016
3303:from the original on 2 April 2018
3211:from the original on 2 April 2018
3064:when his forces took the city of
3007:and a contingent of his knights.
5426:
5414:
5402:
5391:
5390:
4280:AzoresâGibraltar Transform Fault
4236:
3887:
3378:GonzĂĄlez MĂnguez, CĂ©sar (2009).
3322:GonzĂĄlez MĂnguez, CĂ©sar (2009).
2622:
2608:
1775:
1708:
1372:
54:View of Gibraltar from the West.
48:
3837:Jackson, William G. F. (1986).
3699:Jackson, William G. F. (1986).
3353:Ferråndiz Lozano, José (1994).
3182:Muhammed III, Sultan of Granada
2916:and the noblemen of that city.
2756:agreed to wage war against the
2328:Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera
4603:Black Swan Project controversy
3507:Giménez Soler, Andrés (1904).
2809:Juan Manuel, Prince of Villena
2697:who were under the command of
16:1309 battle of the Reconquista
1:
5119:Cathedral of the Holy Trinity
4139:Thirteenth Siege of Gibraltar
3839:The Rock of the Gibraltarians
3701:The Rock of the Gibraltarians
2736:and the ambassadors from the
2027:War of the Spanish Succession
1647:Second sovereignty referendum
1541:Thirteenth Siege of Gibraltar
1521:War of the Spanish Succession
146:Juan de Castilla el de Tarifa
5164:Shrine of Our Lady of Europe
4973:Bayside Comprehensive School
3808:Mann, J. H. (1873). "XVII".
3793:(in Spanish) (1ÂȘ ed.).
2752:, the bishop of Zamora, and
2693:, against the forces of the
1987:Colonisation of the Americas
1608:First sovereignty referendum
1426:Umayyad conquest of Hispania
4922:Vehicle registration plates
4862:Royal Gibraltar Post Office
3757:Benavides, Antonio (1860).
3510:El sitio de AlmerĂa en 1309
3240:. Government of Gibraltar.
2742:Treaty of AlcalĂĄ de Henares
1690:Fortifications of Gibraltar
1261:Post-Reconquista Rebellions
21:List of sieges of Gibraltar
5548:
5492:14th century in al-Andalus
4867:postage stamps and history
2908:, the grand master of the
2746:Pedro de Castilla y Molina
2525:2008â2014 financial crisis
1531:Twelfth Siege of Gibraltar
1476:Seventh Siege of Gibraltar
18:
5522:14th century in Gibraltar
5502:Sieges of the Reconquista
5386:
5311:
5197:Ibrahim-al-Ibrahim Mosque
4951:
4938:
4770:
4757:
4726:Napier of Magdala Battery
4508:
4495:
4258:
4245:
4234:
4094:Neanderthals in Gibraltar
4089:
4076:
3790:Documentos de Fernando IV
3162:Siege of Algeciras (1309)
3122:Ahmed Mohammed al-Maqqari
3110:Ahmed Mohammed al-Maqqari
2457:Spain during World War II
2288:Regency of MarĂa Cristina
2156:Regency of MarĂa Cristina
1681:Political development in
1496:Eighth Siege of Gibraltar
1461:Fourth Siege of Gibraltar
1451:Second Siege of Gibraltar
1396:Neanderthals of Gibraltar
371:2nd San Esteban de Gormaz
366:1st San Esteban de Gormaz
217:
160:
119:
94:
58:
47:
35:
5497:Sieges involving Castile
4741:Royal Gibraltar Regiment
4716:Gibraltar Defence Police
4711:British Forces Gibraltar
4114:First Siege of Gibraltar
3687:siege of gibraltar 1309.
2993:Fernando Gutiérrez Tello
2898:Fernando Gutiérrez Tello
2728:On 19 December 1308, at
2718:third siege of Gibraltar
2671:first siege of Gibraltar
2512:1981 coup d'Ă©tat attempt
2312:Spain during World War I
1891:Kingdom of the Visigoths
1546:Great Siege of Gibraltar
1506:Tenth Siege of Gibraltar
1501:Ninth Siege of Gibraltar
1471:Sixth Siege of Gibraltar
1466:Fifth Siege of Gibraltar
1456:Third Siege of Gibraltar
1446:First Siege of Gibraltar
138:Fernando Gutiérrez Tello
66:1309 â 12 September 1309
31:First siege of Gibraltar
5532:14th century in Castile
4983:University of Gibraltar
4669:Sovereignty referendums
4327:Reptiles and amphibians
3585:Alistair, Ward (2004).
3172:Ferdinand IV of Castile
3091:Fernando IV de Castilla
3014:, under the command of
2974:After the start of the
2851:Jaime de AragĂłn y Anjou
2834:to gain the support of
2734:Ferdinand IV of Castile
2685:) under the command of
2496:Transition to democracy
1652:Cordoba Agreement, 2006
1516:Marquisate of Gibraltar
126:Ferdinand IV of Castile
4912:GibraltarâSpain border
4736:Royal Gibraltar Police
4475:St. Bernard's Hospital
4460:King George V Hospital
4149:George Augustus Eliott
3981:Castilian/Spanish rule
3770:Fernando IV, 1295â1312
3234:"Information Services"
3177:Alonso PĂ©rez de GuzmĂĄn
3125:
3094:
3001:Garci LĂłpez de Padilla
2989:Alonso PĂ©rez de GuzmĂĄn
2971:
2923:issued the papal bull
2906:Garci LĂłpez de Padilla
2894:Alonso PĂ©rez de GuzmĂĄn
2884:Castilian mobilization
2691:Alonso PĂ©rez de GuzmĂĄn
2530:2017 Barcelona attacks
2362:Provisional Government
2233:Provisional Government
2106:Absolutist restoration
2058:Abdications of Bayonne
142:Garci LĂłpez de Padilla
134:Alonso PĂ©rez de GuzmĂĄn
120:Commanders and leaders
4917:Shipping in Gibraltar
4182:Explosion of the RFA
3167:Juan NĂșñez II de Lara
3108:The Muslim historian
2997:Archbishop of Seville
2985:Juan NĂșñez II de Lara
2961:
2902:Archbishop of Seville
2890:Juan NĂșñez II de Lara
2754:Diego LĂłpez V de Haro
2687:Juan NĂșñez II de Lara
2517:Madrid train bombings
2394:1936 general election
2296:Reign of Alfonso XIII
2082:Constitution of CĂĄdiz
361:Pallars and Ribagorza
130:Juan NĂșñez II de Lara
5326:Records in athletics
5301:Campo Gibraltar RUFC
5279:Football Association
5128:(Church of Scotland)
5126:St. Andrew's Church
4857:Regulatory Authority
4177:Maltese in Gibraltar
4172:Genoese in Gibraltar
4124:Capture of Gibraltar
3357:. Alicante: Ateneo.
3010:The forces from the
2800:Archbishop of Toledo
2748:, the archbishop of
2673:was a battle of the
2543:Coronavirus pandemic
2504:Current constitution
2489:Contemporary history
2304:SpanishâAmerican War
2280:Reign of Alfonso XII
2172:Regency of Espartero
2149:Reign of Isabella II
2035:Nueva Planta Decrees
1883:Kingdom of the Suebi
1715:Gibraltar portal
1526:Capture of Gibraltar
1243:2nd Granada campaign
640:2nd Balearic Islands
615:1st Balearic Islands
38:Battle of the Strait
5507:Sieges of Gibraltar
5459: /
5057:Gibraltarian status
4841:Gibraltar Chronicle
4412:Strait of Gibraltar
4336:Iberis gibraltarica
4119:Battle of Gibraltar
4109:Pillars of Hercules
3894:Sieges of Gibraltar
3821:Fidel Fita y Colomé
2675:Spanish Reconquista
2418:Nationalist victory
2339:of DĂĄmaso Berenguer
2225:Sexenio DemocrĂĄtico
2208:Glorious Revolution
2114:Sexenio Absolutista
1964:Early modern period
1863:Diocese of Hispania
1657:Second constitution
1596:during World War II
922:Las Navas de Tolosa
166:Thousands (Unknown)
5316:Commonwealth Games
5171:Trafalgar Cemetery
5159:Our Lady of Europe
5000:LlĂ©vame Donde NacĂ
4721:Gibraltar Squadron
4520:Constitution Order
4402:St. Michael's Cave
3020:Kingdom of Granada
3005:Order of Calatrava
2976:siege of Algeciras
2972:
2948:Kingdom of Granada
2919:On 29 April 1309,
2910:Order of Calatrava
2855:James II of Aragon
2853:, son and heir of
2847:Eleanor of Castile
2758:Emirate of Granada
2695:Emirate of Granada
2629:History portal
2199:Bienio progresista
2190:Second Carlist War
2090:Treaty of Valençay
1948:Christian kingdoms
1819:Carthaginian Spain
1794:Prehistoric Iberia
1613:First constitution
1391:Prehistoric Iberia
1116:Shepherds' Crusade
927:3rd AlcĂĄcer do Sal
890:2nd AlcĂĄcer do Sal
800:1st AlcĂĄcer do Sal
294:2nd Roncevaux Pass
232:1st Roncevaux Pass
114:Emirate of Granada
109:Order of Calatrava
5527:Order of Santiago
5487:Conflicts in 1309
5442:
5441:
5382:
5381:
5378:
5377:
5339:
5338:
5219:
5218:
5139:Roman Catholicism
5104:Diocese in Europe
4934:
4933:
4930:
4929:
4884:Telephone numbers
4829:(Internet domain)
4753:
4752:
4749:
4748:
4664:Political parties
4491:
4490:
4487:
4486:
4483:
4482:
4397:Rock of Gibraltar
4292:Iberian Peninsula
4232:
4231:
4194:Death on the Rock
4190:Operation Flavius
4134:Treaty of Utrecht
4035:
4034:
2925:Prioribus decanis
2875:At the Courts of
2862:Indesinentis cure
2821:Treaty of Almizra
2730:AlcalĂĄ de Henares
2714:Iberian Peninsula
2706:Abu'l-Juyush Nasr
2704:and his brother,
2667:
2666:
2584:Religious history
2273:Restoration Spain
2249:Third Carlist War
2241:Reign of Amadeo I
2164:First Carlist War
1971:Catholic Monarchs
1876:Early Middle Ages
1814:Pre-Roman peoples
1749:
1748:
1627:Death on the Rock
1623:Operation Flavius
1536:Treaty of Utrecht
1511:Catholic Monarchs
1436:Moorish Gibraltar
1345:
1344:
523:AlmodĂłvar del RĂo
173:
172:
155:Abu'l-Juyush Nasr
105:Order of Santiago
90:
89:
86:Castilian victory
5539:
5474:
5473:
5471:
5470:
5469:
5464:
5460:
5457:
5456:
5455:
5452:
5430:
5429:
5418:
5406:
5405:
5394:
5393:
5331:Victoria Stadium
5230:
5129:
5114:Bishop suffragan
5089:
4953:
4940:
4830:
4772:
4759:
4510:
4497:
4455:Garrison Library
4377:Bay of Gibraltar
4367:
4339:
4320:Barbary macaques
4260:
4247:
4240:
4157:
4078:
4062:
4055:
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3279:
3260:
3254:
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3249:
3230:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3198:
3123:
3092:
2817:Treaty of Cazola
2679:Crown of Castile
2659:
2652:
2645:
2627:
2626:
2625:
2615:Spain portal
2613:
2612:
2611:
2579:Military history
2564:Economic history
2547:
2539:
2521:
2508:
2500:
2477:
2469:
2461:
2453:
2449:Republican exile
2445:
2422:
2414:
2406:
2402:1936 coup d'Ă©tat
2398:
2390:
2382:
2374:
2366:
2343:
2332:
2324:
2316:
2308:
2300:
2292:
2284:
2261:
2253:
2245:
2237:
2212:
2204:
2194:
2186:
2176:
2168:
2160:
2137:
2129:
2119:
2094:
2086:
2078:
2070:
2066:Napoleonic Spain
2062:
2039:
2031:
2023:
2015:
2007:
1999:
1991:
1983:
1975:
1952:
1944:
1934:
1926:
1903:
1899:Byzantine Spania
1895:
1887:
1854:
1853:(218 BCEâ472 CE)
1846:
1823:
1779:
1769:
1751:
1741:
1734:
1727:
1713:
1712:
1711:
1684:
1683:modern Gibraltar
1640:Modern Gibraltar
1597:
1566:Royal Calpe Hunt
1376:
1366:
1348:
212:
199:
192:
185:
176:
101:Crown of Castile
60:
59:
52:
28:
5547:
5546:
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5541:
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5438:
5374:
5335:
5307:
5215:
5209:Great Synagogue
5175:
5127:
5109:Bishop diocesan
5078:
5026:
5017:Public holidays
4978:Westside School
4947:
4926:
4888:
4828:
4813:
4787:Gibraltar pound
4766:
4745:
4697:
4608:Disputed status
4589:
4563:
4504:
4479:
4426:
4358:
4344:Botanic Gardens
4333:
4296:
4254:
4241:
4228:
4155:
4154:Gibraltar real
4085:
4072:
4066:
4036:
4031:
4003:
3975:
3937:
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3896:
3886:
3884:
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3292:
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3287:
3277:
3275:
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3261:
3257:
3247:
3245:
3232:
3231:
3224:
3214:
3212:
3200:
3199:
3195:
3190:
3158:
3134:Nasr Abul Geoix
3124:
3121:
3102:
3093:
3090:
3012:Crown of Aragon
2956:
2886:
2825:Marinid dynasty
2805:John of Castile
2738:Crown of Aragon
2726:
2663:
2634:
2623:
2621:
2609:
2607:
2589:
2588:
2569:Law enforcement
2559:
2551:
2550:
2545:
2537:
2519:
2506:
2498:
2491:
2481:
2480:
2475:
2473:Basque conflict
2467:
2459:
2451:
2443:
2436:
2434:Francoist Spain
2426:
2425:
2420:
2412:
2404:
2396:
2388:
2380:
2378:Second Biennium
2372:
2364:
2357:
2355:Second Republic
2347:
2346:
2341:
2330:
2322:
2314:
2306:
2298:
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2251:
2243:
2235:
2228:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2202:
2192:
2184:
2181:DĂ©cada moderada
2174:
2166:
2158:
2151:
2141:
2140:
2135:
2127:
2124:Trienio Liberal
2117:
2108:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2084:
2076:
2074:Cortes of CĂĄdiz
2068:
2060:
2053:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2029:
2021:
2013:
2005:
1997:
1989:
1981:
1973:
1966:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1942:
1932:
1924:
1922:Muslim conquest
1917:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1893:
1885:
1878:
1868:
1867:
1852:
1844:
1837:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1809:
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1709:
1707:
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1631:
1603:Operation Felix
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1421:
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1410:
1386:
1364:
1357:
1346:
1341:
1276:
1228:Los Alporchones
1111:Vega de Granada
213:
206:Battles in the
205:
203:
169:1,200 defenders
153:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
107:
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78:
53:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5545:
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5519:
5517:1309 in Europe
5514:
5509:
5504:
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5489:
5479:
5478:
5463:36.15°N 5.35°W
5440:
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4990:Miss Gibraltar
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4575:Chief Minister
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4549:
4544:
4534:
4533:
4532:
4527:
4516:
4514:
4506:
4505:
4500:
4493:
4492:
4489:
4488:
4485:
4484:
4481:
4480:
4478:
4477:
4472:
4470:The Rock Hotel
4467:
4465:Moorish Castle
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4436:
4434:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4373:
4371:
4364:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4329:
4324:
4323:
4322:
4312:
4306:
4304:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4294:
4289:
4288:
4287:
4282:
4272:
4266:
4264:
4256:
4255:
4250:
4243:
4242:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4226:
4221:
4213:
4205:
4197:
4187:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4096:
4090:
4087:
4086:
4081:
4074:
4073:
4067:
4065:
4064:
4057:
4050:
4042:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4013:
4011:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3985:
3983:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3947:
3945:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3935:
3930:
3924:
3922:
3920:Castilian rule
3916:
3915:
3913:
3912:
3906:
3904:
3898:
3897:
3885:
3883:
3882:
3875:
3868:
3860:
3854:
3853:
3847:
3834:
3816:
3805:
3799:
3784:
3778:
3765:
3752:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3716:
3709:
3691:
3667:
3638:
3606:
3599:
3577:
3545:
3516:
3496:
3461:
3432:
3421:
3401:
3370:
3363:
3345:
3314:
3285:
3255:
3222:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3157:
3154:
3119:
3101:
3098:
3088:
3031:chronicles of
2968:Moorish Castle
2955:
2952:
2921:Pope Clement V
2885:
2882:
2836:Pope Clement V
2725:
2722:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2654:
2647:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2632:
2618:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2591:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2546:(2020âpresent)
2540:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2514:
2509:
2501:
2492:
2487:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2470:
2462:
2454:
2446:
2441:Spanish Maquis
2437:
2432:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2415:
2407:
2399:
2391:
2383:
2375:
2370:First Biennium
2367:
2358:
2353:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2333:
2325:
2317:
2309:
2301:
2293:
2285:
2276:
2271:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2257:First Republic
2254:
2246:
2238:
2229:
2222:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2205:
2195:
2187:
2177:
2169:
2161:
2152:
2147:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2133:Ominous Decade
2130:
2120:
2109:
2104:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2087:
2079:
2071:
2063:
2054:
2051:Peninsular War
2049:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2032:
2024:
2016:
2008:
2000:
1992:
1984:
1976:
1967:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1945:
1935:
1927:
1918:
1913:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1896:
1888:
1879:
1874:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1847:
1842:Roman Conquest
1838:
1835:Roman Hispania
1833:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1816:
1810:
1805:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1790:
1785:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1772:
1771:
1762:
1761:
1754:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1736:
1729:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1704:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1687:
1679:
1677:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1643:
1638:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1620:
1618:Border closure
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1592:
1590:
1585:
1582:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1562:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1492:
1487:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1422:
1417:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1387:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1369:
1368:
1359:
1358:
1351:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1275:
1274:
1272:2nd Alpujarras
1269:
1267:1st Alpujarras
1263:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1136:Vega de Pagana
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1034:Mudéjar revolt
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
955:
954:
944:
942:Aragonese raid
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
913:
912:
908:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
830:Central Iberia
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
590:Norwegian raid
587:
582:
577:
572:
566:
565:
561:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
419:
418:
414:
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
347:
346:
342:
341:
336:
331:
326:
321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
275:
274:
270:
269:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
223:
222:
218:
215:
214:
204:
202:
201:
194:
187:
179:
171:
170:
167:
163:
162:
158:
157:
148:
122:
121:
117:
116:
111:
97:
96:
92:
91:
88:
87:
84:
80:
79:
74:
72:
68:
67:
64:
56:
55:
45:
44:
33:
32:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5544:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5484:
5482:
5475:
5472:
5435:
5434:
5425:
5423:
5422:
5417:
5413:
5411:
5410:
5401:
5399:
5398:
5389:
5388:
5385:
5369:
5366:
5365:
5364:
5363:Official flag
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5350:
5348:
5346:
5342:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5313:
5310:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5296:national team
5294:
5293:
5292:
5289:
5285:
5284:national team
5282:
5280:
5277:
5276:
5275:
5272:
5268:
5267:national team
5265:
5264:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5251:
5250:national team
5248:
5247:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5237:
5235:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5222:
5210:
5207:
5206:
5205:
5202:
5198:
5195:
5194:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5184:
5182:
5178:
5172:
5169:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5141:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5124:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5101:
5100:
5097:
5096:
5094:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5081:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5064:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5042:
5041:
5040:Gibraltarians
5038:
5037:
5035:
5033:
5029:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5001:
4998:
4997:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4970:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4954:
4950:
4946:
4941:
4937:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4899:
4897:
4895:
4891:
4885:
4882:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4872:postal orders
4870:
4868:
4865:
4864:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4842:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4820:
4816:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4793:
4790:
4789:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4773:
4769:
4765:
4760:
4756:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4731:RAF Gibraltar
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4708:
4706:
4704:
4700:
4692:
4689:
4688:
4687:
4686:EU referendum
4684:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4671:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4658:
4655:
4654:
4653:
4650:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4622:
4621:
4618:
4614:
4611:
4610:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4600:
4598:
4596:
4592:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4566:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4539:
4538:
4535:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4522:
4521:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4511:
4507:
4503:
4498:
4494:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4440:Bristol Hotel
4438:
4437:
4435:
4433:
4429:
4423:
4422:Windmill Hill
4420:
4418:
4417:Vanguard Cave
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4392:Gorham's Cave
4390:
4388:
4387:Eastern Beach
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4374:
4372:
4368:
4365:
4361:
4355:
4354:Wildlife Park
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4307:
4305:
4303:
4299:
4293:
4290:
4286:
4285:Gibraltar Arc
4283:
4281:
4278:
4277:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4253:
4248:
4244:
4239:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4218:
4214:
4212:
4210:
4206:
4204:
4202:
4198:
4195:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4185:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4104:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4091:
4088:
4084:
4079:
4075:
4070:
4063:
4058:
4056:
4051:
4049:
4044:
4043:
4040:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4010:
4006:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3982:
3978:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3944:
3940:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3921:
3917:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3890:
3881:
3876:
3874:
3869:
3867:
3862:
3861:
3858:
3850:
3848:0-8386-3237-8
3844:
3840:
3835:
3828:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3813:
3812:
3806:
3802:
3800:84-00-04659-5
3796:
3792:
3791:
3785:
3781:
3779:84-8173-027-0
3775:
3771:
3766:
3762:
3761:
3755:
3754:
3750:
3733:
3729:
3728:
3720:
3717:
3712:
3710:0-8386-3237-8
3706:
3702:
3695:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3679:
3671:
3668:
3655:
3651:
3650:
3642:
3639:
3626:
3622:
3621:
3613:
3611:
3607:
3602:
3600:9780856832246
3596:
3592:
3588:
3581:
3578:
3565:
3561:
3560:
3552:
3550:
3546:
3533:
3529:
3528:
3520:
3517:
3512:
3511:
3503:
3501:
3497:
3481:
3474:
3473:
3465:
3462:
3449:
3445:
3444:
3436:
3433:
3428:
3424:
3422:9780852291733
3418:
3414:
3413:
3405:
3402:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3374:
3371:
3366:
3364:84-600-8983-5
3360:
3356:
3349:
3346:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3318:
3315:
3302:
3298:
3297:
3289:
3286:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3259:
3256:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3210:
3206:
3205:
3197:
3194:
3187:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3147:was that all
3146:
3142:
3137:
3135:
3130:
3118:
3113:
3111:
3106:
3099:
3097:
3087:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3069:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3050:Ferdinand III
3047:
3041:
3039:
3035:
3034:
3027:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2981:
2977:
2969:
2965:
2960:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2917:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2873:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2828:
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1223:7th Gibraltar
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1218:La Higueruela
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351:Day of Zamora
349:
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339:2nd Barcelona
337:
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334:2nd Cellorigo
332:
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329:1st Cellorigo
327:
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314:Monte Laturce
312:
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22:
5468:36.15; -5.35
5444:
5431:
5419:
5407:
5395:
5358:Coat of arms
5321:Island Games
5262:Field hockey
5180:Other faiths
5092:Christianity
5032:Demographics
5012:National Day
4877:Study Circle
4839:
4542:court system
4335:
4216:
4208:
4200:
4183:
4162:World War II
4129:George Rooke
4009:British rule
3943:Moorish rule
3909:
3902:Moorish rule
3838:
3825:
3810:
3789:
3769:
3759:
3751:Bibliography
3736:. Retrieved
3726:
3719:
3700:
3694:
3686:
3677:
3670:
3658:. Retrieved
3648:
3641:
3629:. Retrieved
3619:
3590:
3580:
3570:22 September
3568:. Retrieved
3558:
3538:22 September
3536:. Retrieved
3526:
3519:
3509:
3487:. Retrieved
3471:
3464:
3452:. Retrieved
3442:
3435:
3411:
3404:
3392:. Retrieved
3384:Medievalismo
3383:
3373:
3354:
3348:
3336:. Retrieved
3328:Medievalismo
3327:
3317:
3305:. Retrieved
3295:
3288:
3278:22 September
3276:. Retrieved
3267:
3258:
3246:. Retrieved
3237:
3213:. Retrieved
3203:
3196:
3148:
3144:
3138:
3129:Muhammed III
3126:
3115:
3107:
3103:
3095:
3085:
3082:
3079:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3052:, second at
3042:
3037:
3033:Ferdinand IV
3030:
3028:
3009:
2973:
2962:Some of the
2944:Guadalquivir
2929:
2924:
2918:
2887:
2874:
2861:
2829:
2813:
2775:
2727:
2710:
2702:Muhammed III
2670:
2668:
2620:
2606:
2594:
2574:LGBT history
2336:
2223:
2197:
2179:
2122:
2112:
1938:
1858:Romanization
1845:(206â27 BCE)
1579:20th century
1559:19th century
1489:Early modern
1279:North Africa
1197:15th century
1090:
1085:14th century
989:4th Valencia
911:13th century
865:4th Santarém
825:3rd Santarém
765:2nd Santarém
685:3rd Valencia
655:2nd Zaragoza
635:1st Santarém
570:2nd Valencia
564:12th century
528:1st Valencia
498:1st Zaragoza
417:11th century
401:Torrevicente
345:10th century
242:Orbieu River
237:Burbia River
207:
151:Muhammed III
95:Belligerents
36:Part of the
25:
5466: /
5433:WikiProject
5368:other flags
5291:Rugby union
5099:Anglicanism
4547:LGBT rights
4450:The Convent
4382:Catalan Bay
4302:Environment
4167:Nationality
4144:Great Siege
3330:: 177â178.
3145:repoblaciĂłn
3141:repoblaciĂłn
3117:Gibraltar.
2940:supply line
2499:(1975â1978)
2476:(1959â2011)
2468:(1941â1944)
2460:(1939â1945)
2452:(1939â1977)
2444:(1939â1965)
2413:(1936â1939)
2381:(1933â1936)
2373:(1931â1933)
2342:(1930â1931)
2337:Dictablanda
2331:(1923â1930)
2315:(1914â1918)
2299:(1886â1931)
2291:(1885â1902)
2283:(1874â1885)
2260:(1873â1874)
2252:(1872â1876)
2244:(1870â1873)
2236:(1868â1871)
2203:(1854â1856)
2193:(1846â1849)
2185:(1844â1854)
2175:(1840â1843)
2167:(1833â1840)
2159:(1833â1840)
2136:(1823â1833)
2128:(1820â1823)
2118:(1814â1820)
2077:(1810â1814)
2069:(1808â1813)
2038:(1707â1716)
2030:(1701â1714)
2022:(1700â1808)
2014:(1580â1640)
2006:(1556â1659)
1998:(1516â1700)
1990:(1492â1898)
1982:(1482â1492)
1979:Granada War
1974:(1479â1516)
1939:Reconquista
1915:Middle Ages
1766:History of
1441:Reconquista
1406:Gibraltar 2
1401:Gibraltar 1
1363:History of
1337:2nd Tangier
1322:1st Tangier
1181:2nd Montiel
1101:3rd AlmerĂa
1019:3rd Seville
947:2nd Majorca
850:2nd Seville
815:2nd Badajoz
795:2nd AlmerĂa
785:2nd Tortosa
755:1st AlmerĂa
740:1st Montiel
695:1st Badajoz
670:1st Granada
428:Calatañazor
356:1st Majorca
309:Guadalacete
284:1st Tortosa
273:9th century
221:8th century
209:Reconquista
42:Reconquista
40:during the
5481:Categories
5240:Basketball
4847:Gibtelecom
4652:Parliament
4332:Candytuft
4156:(currency)
3409:"Madrid".
3188:References
2859:papal bull
2003:Golden Age
1951:(718â1479)
1943:(711â1492)
1933:(711â1492)
1930:Al-Andalus
1787:Prehistory
1431:Al-Andalus
1384:Prehistory
1203:Collejares
1191:2nd Murcia
1156:GuadalmesĂ
1146:RĂo Salado
1044:1st Murcia
1004:2nd XĂ tiva
999:1st XĂ tiva
895:2nd Silves
880:2nd Silves
875:1st Silves
790:2nd Lleida
775:5th Lisbon
735:4th Lisbon
665:1st Lleida
625:Candespina
620:6th Toledo
605:Formentera
595:3rd Lisbon
575:Mollerussa
558:5th Toledo
553:4th Toledo
533:2nd Lisbon
518:3rd Toledo
493:2nd Toledo
381:1st Toledo
324:Polvoraria
267:1st Lisbon
257:RĂo QuirĂłs
252:Las Babias
5134:Methodism
5062:Languages
5050:in the UK
4968:Education
4907:Cable car
4894:Transport
4620:Elections
4445:City Hall
4407:Sandy Bay
4252:Geography
4209:New Flame
4069:Gibraltar
4027:1779â1783
3956:1349â1350
3100:Aftermath
3062:Sancho IV
3058:Alfonso X
2783:Alcaudete
2767:Gibraltar
2763:Algeciras
2720:in 1333.
2410:Civil War
1995:Habsburgs
1925:(711â716)
1902:(552â624)
1894:(418â721)
1886:(409â585)
1365:Gibraltar
1317:4nd Ceuta
1307:3nd Ceuta
1300:2nd Ceuta
1295:1st Ceuta
1208:Antequera
1059:Andalusia
1039:3rd Jerez
1029:2nd Jerez
964:1st Jerez
937:PenĂscola
905:Talamanca
860:2nd Ăvora
845:Calatrava
835:Tarragona
820:Juromenha
810:1st Ăvora
760:Al-Ludjdj
730:2nd Coria
710:1st Coria
645:Martorell
630:Vatalandi
548:Consuegra
473:Golpejera
458:Barbastro
396:Estercuel
227:Covadonga
76:Gibraltar
5397:Category
5274:Football
5233:By sport
5187:Hinduism
5084:Religion
4852:Panorama
4804:Taxation
4703:Military
4595:Politics
4580:Governor
4554:Passport
4502:Politics
4224:COVID-19
4219:incident
4211:incident
4203:incident
4184:Bedenham
4099:Timeline
3732:Archived
3654:Archived
3625:Archived
3564:Archived
3532:Archived
3480:Archived
3448:Archived
3427:Archived
3388:Archived
3332:Archived
3301:Archived
3272:Archived
3242:Archived
3209:Archived
3156:See also
3120:â
3089:â
3016:James II
2870:Sardinia
2819:and the
2596:Timeline
2019:Bourbons
1850:Hispania
1757:a series
1755:Part of
1701:Timeline
1669:See also
1419:Medieval
1354:a series
1352:Part of
1151:Estepona
1079:Iznalloz
1014:3rd Jaén
974:Burriana
959:2nd Jaén
932:1st Jaén
917:Al-DÄmĆ«s
855:Abrantes
750:Albacete
725:Trancoso
600:Talavera
580:Balaguer
503:Sagrajas
468:Llantada
391:Simancas
386:Alhandic
319:Morcuera
289:Pancorbo
161:Strength
71:Location
5451:36°09âČN
5409:Commons
5345:Symbols
5257:Cycling
5245:Cricket
5204:Judaism
5144:Diocese
5072:Llanito
5067:English
4963:Cuisine
4956:General
4945:Culture
4902:Airport
4809:Tourism
4775:General
4764:Economy
4657:Speaker
4613:isthmus
4513:General
4370:Natural
4315:Mammals
4275:Geology
4270:Climate
4263:General
4083:History
3489:12 July
3394:11 July
3386:: 181.
3338:11 July
3238:History
3046:Seville
3038:engeños
3024:AlmerĂa
2980:Seville
2964:Moorish
2936:Almeria
2932:CĂłrdoba
2914:Seville
2866:Corsica
2844:Infanta
2840:Crusade
2832:Avignon
2795:Locubin
2787:Quesada
2771:AlmerĂa
2732:, King
2724:Context
2683:Seville
2323:(â1927)
2320:Rif War
1332:Melilla
1312:TĂ©touan
1171:Linuesa
1141:Getares
994:Algarve
984:El Puig
979:CĂłrdoba
952:PortopĂ
900:Alarcos
805:Palmela
780:Sacavém
770:Sacavém
715:Ourique
675:Corbins
660:Cutanda
650:Coimbra
538:Alcoraz
488:Morella
463:Paterna
453:Coimbra
423:Cervera
304:Albelda
299:Clavijo
5454:5°21âČW
5421:Portal
5353:Anthem
5149:Bishop
4568:People
4363:Places
4201:Aurora
4103:sieges
4071:topics
3845:
3797:
3776:
3738:9 July
3707:
3660:9 July
3631:9 July
3597:
3454:9 July
3419:
3361:
3307:9 July
3248:9 July
3215:9 July
3066:Tarifa
2995:, the
2900:, the
2877:Madrid
2793:, and
2791:Arenas
2779:Bedmar
2750:Toledo
2699:Sultan
2538:(2017)
2520:(2004)
2507:(1978)
2421:(1939)
2405:(1936)
2397:(1936)
2389:(1934)
2365:(1931)
2307:(1898)
2211:(1868)
2093:(1813)
2085:(1812)
2061:(1808)
1759:on the
1356:on the
1327:Asilah
1290:Strait
1253:MĂĄlaga
1248:Lucena
1176:Guadix
1074:MoclĂn
1054:Martos
840:Cuenca
705:Leiria
680:AlcalĂĄ
543:Bairén
508:Tudela
438:Albesa
262:Oviedo
83:Result
5225:Sport
5192:Islam
4995:Music
4792:coins
4782:Banks
4585:Mayor
4432:Built
4310:Birds
4217:Fedra
3830:(PDF)
3819:R.P.
3483:(PDF)
3476:(PDF)
3264:"GIB"
3054:Xerez
2954:Siege
2558:Topic
1768:Spain
1049:Ăcija
885:Tomar
870:Alvor
745:Soure
720:Oreja
700:Fraga
690:Aceca
610:Ibiza
585:Uclés
513:TĂ©var
478:Cabra
448:Graus
406:Rueda
247:Lutos
5045:list
4827:.gi
4679:2002
4674:1967
4645:2023
4640:2019
4635:2015
4630:2011
4625:2007
4530:2006
4525:1969
4022:1727
4017:1704
3999:1704
3994:1506
3989:1467
3971:1462
3966:1436
3961:1411
3951:1333
3933:1333
3928:1316
3910:1309
3843:ISBN
3795:ISBN
3774:ISBN
3740:2012
3705:ISBN
3662:2012
3633:2012
3595:ISBN
3587:"IX"
3572:2016
3540:2016
3491:2012
3456:2012
3417:ISBN
3396:2012
3359:ISBN
3340:2012
3309:2012
3280:2016
3250:2012
3217:2012
3029:The
2904:and
2868:and
2807:and
2765:and
2689:and
2669:The
1285:Salé
1121:Teba
1024:Faro
1009:Biar
969:Ares
433:TorĂ
63:Date
4537:Law
5483::
3685:.
3683:17
3609:^
3589:.
3548:^
3499:^
3425:.
3382:.
3326:.
3266:.
3236:.
3225:^
2991:,
2987:,
2950:.
2896:,
2892:,
2872:.
2811:.
2789:,
2785:,
2781:,
2773:.
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4105:)
4101:(
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4054:t
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3603:.
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3219:.
2970:.
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198:e
191:t
184:v
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