241:. Horses were very valuable to the prehistoric people, since they provided a means of transport and could supplement or replace man-power. For example, they could be used to carry or pull timbers on sledges over long distances. Significance is also drawn from the discovery of the ritual deposits within thirty metres of the timber post line, and only on its southern boundary. The amount, type, and placement of deposits, which continued for more than 1,200 years, support the theory that 'at least one facet of the site' was a role as a 'religious monument'.
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147:. Part-way across the structure a small island was formed. Items associated with it have led scholars to conclude that the island was of religious significance. Archaeological work began in 1982 at the site, which is located 800 m (0.5 miles) east of Fengate. Flag Fen is now part of the Greater Fens Museum Partnership. A visitor centre has been constructed on site and some areas have been reconstructed, including a typical
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171:. The level of inundation by 1300 BC led the occupants to construct a timber causeway along the trackway route. The causeway and centre platform were formed by driving 'thousands of posts with long pencil-like tips' through the 'accumulating peaty muds' and into the firmer ground below. The resulting structure covered three and a half acres.
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conditions generated by silt deposits from the fens protected the wooden posts and rafters of the collapsed structures from rotting away under the influence of air and bacteria. In the 10th century BC the ground level was much lower than today, increasing around 1 mm (0.039 inches) per year
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analysis (dating of the posts by studying tree rings) led to an estimated date for the various stages of construction of between 1365 and 967 BC. Some of the timbers, such as oak, were not native to the local environment. They made a significant effort to transport the timbers to the site from
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excavation, raising £30,000 to enable a three-week excavation at Flag Fen. The site had experienced a 50% decline in visitors since the large-scale
English Heritage-funded excavations had finished in 1995. The project's remit was to help revitalise the heritage attraction whilst providing detailed
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that he "stumbled – literally – upon' Flag Fen 'when he tripped on a piece of wood lying in the bottom of a drainage ditch." Excavation commenced in the Summer of 1984 and by 1990 had revealed vertical and horizontal timbers, animal bones, a bronze dagger and other metal items and fragments, flint
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to assist in the scientific investigations. 130 members of public received hands-on training in archaeological techniques on site and visitor numbers increased by 29% from the previous year. Francis Pryor was supportive of the initiative and wrote afterwards: "happily, it was an experiment that
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Archaeological work at Flag Fen is ongoing. Extensive drainage of the surrounding area, which benefits agriculture, means that many of the timbers are drying out and are threatened with destruction by such exposure. One section of poles is being preserved by replacing the
268:, in the form of satellite and secondary burials in the round barrows. This suggests that the primary burials may have been of chiefs, or socially powerful/respected people, and that some people may have paid to be buried close to the person they respected or followed.
385:, has been constructed there with a museum and exhibitions. In the preservation hall one section of the timbers is preserved in situ and prevented from drying out by misting with water. Also at the site are reconstructions of two Bronze Age
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Other finds included small, polished, white stones of a type not known in the area, indicating that they had been intentionally collected and transported to and placed at the site. Other artefacts found were animal bones, including
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425:– was published in 2001 as an English Heritage Archaeological Report. The report is now available online through the Archaeology Data Service. Pryor has followed this with a third book on the site, published by
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Flag Fen is also home to an abundance of wildlife owing to the variety of habitats on the site, which includes extensive grassland, traditionally managed hedgerows and woodland and a freshwater mere and dyke.
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scientific information on the preservation of the waterlogged timbers. The project involved around 250 members of the public from 11 countries, supported by a specialist team including partners from the
962:"A Bronze Age post alignment and timber platform at Flag Fen and associated Bronze Age and later field systems and settlement to either side of the Northey Road (scheduled monument) (1406460)"
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trackway once ran across what archaeologists have termed the "Flag Fen Basin", from a dry-land area known as
Fengate to a natural clay island called Northey. The basin is an
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The wet room at Flag Fen; below are the exposed timbers of part of the Bronze Age causeway and above are the water sprinklers to keep them constantly wet.
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implements and 400 potsherds. Further finds included items imported from continental Europe and the oldest surviving wooden wheel found in
England.
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site which was constructed about 3500 years ago and consists of more than 60,000 timbers arranged in five very long rows, creating a wooden
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as autumnal debris was added to the surface of the fens. By the early Roman period most of the structure was covered and preserved.
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has been exposed and crosses the site. In addition there is a reconstruction of a prehistoric droveway used for moving livestock.
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was successful in a bid to create wild-flower meadows across
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worked: the participants had a good time, and the archaeology was professionally excavated, to a very high standard."
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Taylor, Maisie; Pryor, Francis (February 1990). "Bronze Age
Building Techniques at Flag Fen, Peterborough, England".
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and used a wildlife trail to highlight species that would have been present 3000 years ago, such as the
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contemporary with Flag Fen were found. These seemed to be constructed over the dwellings of 'chiefs'.
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Many items denoting 'rank and prestige' were deposited in the water surrounding Flag Fen, including
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The Making of the
British Landscape: How We Have Transformed the Land, from Prehistory to Today
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and the
Hassholme Boat. Another preservation technique used for timbers found at the site is
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The 14th-century
Mustdyke constructed across the site, which bisects the Bronze Age trackway
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refers to this as the "Land of the Dead". There is also evidence of farming, including
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930:"Bronze Age settlement dubbed 'Peterborough Pompeii' due to amazing preservation"
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Europe Before Rome: A Site-by-Site Tour of the Stone, Bronze, and Iron Ages
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Haslam, S. M.; Purseglove, John
William; Wait, Gerald A. (13 April 1997).
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Because of its waterlogged condition the Flag Fen Basin was an area where
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How to Read
Prehistoric Monuments: A Unique Guide to Our Ancient Heritage
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1098:"The results are in! BioBlitz reveals a wealth of wildlife at Flag Fen"
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The Flag Fen Basin: Archaeology and environment of a Fenland Landscape
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deposits developed around 2000 BCE, and they survive there today. The
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Fagan, Brian (March–April 1995). "Timelines: New Finds at Flag Fen".
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In 1991 Pryor published his first book about Flag Fen, entitled
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Wooden posts marking the position of the Bronze Age trackway
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recovered there are preserved and displayed at Flag Fen.
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Archaeological open-air museum in Cambridgeshire, England
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Flag Fen: The Life and Death of a Prehistoric Landscape
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The interior of the reconstructed Bronze Age roundhouse
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The reconstructed Bronze-Iron Age droveway at Flag Fen
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organised by Vivacity found 190 species, including 53
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distant sources. Similarly, scholars have traced the
806:. National Geographic Virtual Library. January 1992.
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The reconstructed Bronze Age roundhouse at Flag Fen
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Flag Fen: Life and Death of a Prehistoric Landscape
293:The site was discovered in 1982 when a team led by
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874:Gosden, Chris; Hather, Jon G. (14 January 2004).
579:The reconstructed Iron Age roundhouse at Flag Fen
33:The reconstructed Iron Age roundhouse at Flag Fen
167:of low-lying land on the western margins of the
1211:Flag Fen Bronze Age Centre and Archaeology Park
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823:The River Scene: Ecology and Cultural Heritage
802:"Bronze Age Way of Life Emerges in the Fens".
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994:. Oxford University Press. pp. 278–281.
684:. Duncan Baird Publishers. pp. 180–181.
421:. The final monograph on the site – entitled
8:
1042:"English Heritage Archaeological Monographs"
877:The Prehistory of Food: Appetites for Change
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230:broken in half placed on top of each other.
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826:. Cambridge University Press. p. 299.
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1072:"Discover the Must Farm boats at Vivacity"
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776:. Penguin Books Limited. pp. 98–99.
1852:Buildings and structures in Peterborough
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482:. The event also included a talk by the
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615:The Roman road running through Flag Fen
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143:(around 1 km long) across the wet
1847:Archaeological sites in Cambridgeshire
988:Price, T. Douglas (28 February 2013).
441:Around 2 km south of Flag Fen is
484:People's Trust for Endangered Species
381:A well-organised visitor centre, the
256:remains, contemporary with the site.
7:
413:, as one of a series co-produced by
411:Flag Fen: Prehistoric Fenland Centre
1144:. 23 September 2014. Archived from
1100:. 23 September 2014. Archived from
1015:Pryor, Francis (14 November 2012).
383:Flag Fen Bronze and Iron Age Centre
186:, Salisbury, as originating in the
1882:Bronze Age sites in Cambridgeshire
967:National Heritage List for England
928:Knapton, Sarah (12 January 2016).
901:Bradley, Richard (15 April 2013).
461:
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1862:Archaeological museums in England
1806:Peterborough East railway station
1694:Anglican Diocese of Peterborough
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904:An Archaeology of Natural Places
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366:in the wood with water-carried
260:reveals high concentrations of
1786:Nene Valley Colour Coated Ware
1740:Peterborough/Conington Airport
1720:Road transport in Peterborough
1689:University Centre Peterborough
770:Pryor, Francis (3 June 2010).
111:Archaeological open-air museum
59:Location within Cambridgeshire
1:
1679:Peterborough Regional College
1226:registered charity no. 295116
738:10.1080/00438243.1990.9980117
1730:Peterborough railway station
1216:Fenland Archaeological Trust
804:National Geographic Magazine
289:Archaeological investigation
272:Destruction and preservation
1867:Open-air museums in England
1801:Peterborough Rural District
1745:Peterborough/Sibson Airport
531:The visitor centre entrance
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1821:Peterborough ditch murders
1699:Queensgate shopping centre
1674:Peterborough City Hospital
1664:Peterborough Power Station
1058:
880:. Routledge. p. 205.
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1857:Museums in Cambridgeshire
1766:Durobrivae (Water Newton)
1684:City College Peterborough
1659:Peterborough City Council
1608:Barnack Hills & Holes
907:. Routledge. p. 51.
346:University College London
342:York Archaeological Trust
38:
26:
1142:"Peterborough's Buzzing"
1046:Archaeology Data Service
1842:History of Peterborough
1704:Schools in Peterborough
1172:Pryor, Francis (2005).
1017:"Flag Fen, 30 years on"
445:Bronze Age settlement.
244:On Northey Island many
1776:Peterborough Chronicle
1725:Queensgate bus station
1558:Peterborough Cathedral
1221:20 August 2008 at the
323:ran the world's first
305:in the area funded by
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1816:Murder of Ross Parker
1811:Murder of Rikki Neave
1206:at Wikimedia Commons
1124:"Bronze Age BioBlitz"
680:Butler, Alan (2011).
462:'Bronze Age' BioBlitz
338:Birmingham University
309:. In 1992 Pryor told
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151:roundhouse dwelling.
1796:Soke of Peterborough
1791:Peterborough Castle
1638:London Road Stadium
1593:Nene Valley Railway
1563:Peterborough Museum
1371:St Martin's Without
1231:Peterborough Museum
1130:on 20 October 2014.
1078:on 22 December 2014
476:European water vole
474:and the endangered
466:On 2 August 2014 a
393:. A section of the
312:National Geographic
250:Mike Parker Pearson
175:Dendrochronological
87: /
23:
1643:John Clare Cottage
1176:. Stroud: Tempus.
1104:on 20 October 2014
429:in 2005. Entitled
258:Phosphate analysis
204:
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1781:Peterborough ware
1202:Media related to
1148:on 7 January 2016
1001:978-0-19-991470-8
914:978-1-135-95282-2
887:978-0-203-20338-5
833:978-0-521-57410-5
783:978-0-14-194336-7
726:World Archaeology
691:978-1-78028-330-2
627:Peterborough ware
389:and one from the
334:Durham University
222:'. Archaeologist
188:Preseli Mountains
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1618:Castor Hanglands
1613:Bedford Purlieus
1578:Longthorpe Tower
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419:B.T. Batsford
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405:Related books
404:
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397:known as the
396:
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388:
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376:freeze drying
373:
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295:Francis Pryor
288:
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246:round barrows
242:
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224:Francis Pryor
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1735:Nene Viaduct
1598:Central Park
1587:
1512:Ravensthorpe
1467:The Hamptons
1356:Northborough
1311:Deeping Gate
1272:Peterborough
1225:
1196:
1173:
1165:Bibliography
1150:. Retrieved
1146:the original
1136:
1128:the original
1118:
1108:23 September
1106:. Retrieved
1102:the original
1092:
1080:. Retrieved
1076:the original
1066:
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1024:. Retrieved
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965:
937:. Retrieved
933:
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869:
855:(2): 24–26.
852:
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399:Fen Causeway
382:
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357:Preservation
318:
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243:
232:
205:
173:
158:
155:Construction
133:Peterborough
128:
127:
18:
1583:Thorpe Hall
1573:Milton Hall
1551:Attractions
1492:New England
1301:Borough Fen
849:Archaeology
387:roundhouses
325:crowdfunded
321:DigVentures
94: /
69:Coordinates
1836:Categories
1527:Werrington
1517:Stanground
1497:The Ortons
1472:Longthorpe
1437:Dogsthorpe
1386:Thornhaugh
1351:Newborough
1152:20 October
1082:13 January
1059:Pryor 2005
939:24 January
705:Pryor 2005
653:Pryor 2005
633:References
492:brown bear
395:Roman road
262:cremations
212:spearheads
190:in Wales.
184:Stonehenge
137:Bronze Age
131:, east of
79:52°34′26″N
1713:Transport
1603:Nene Park
1532:West Town
1482:Netherton
1477:Millfield
1462:Gunthorpe
1442:Eastfield
1427:Boroughby
1406:Wittering
1366:Southorpe
1326:Eye Green
1286:Ailsworth
973:6 January
488:grey wolf
447:Log boats
443:Must Farm
437:Must Farm
364:cellulose
282:anaerobic
239:mandibles
180:bluestone
165:embayment
161:Neolithic
82:0°11′24″W
1761:Car Dyke
1623:The Lido
1588:Flag Fen
1542:Woodston
1537:Westwood
1502:Parnwell
1447:Eastgate
1411:Wothorpe
1401:Wansford
1336:Helpston
1279:Villages
1219:Archived
1204:Flag Fen
1026:23 March
861:41771096
707:. p. 13.
621:See also
506:In 2014
480:barn owl
468:BioBlitz
453:Wildlife
391:Iron Age
372:Seahenge
319:In 2012
220:brooches
216:earrings
214:, 'gold
182:used at
149:Iron Age
141:causeway
129:Flag Fen
121:Flag Fen
22:Flag Fen
1754:History
1457:Fletton
1452:Fengate
1432:Bretton
1420:Suburbs
1381:Thorney
1361:Peakirk
1341:Marholm
1331:Glinton
1296:Barnack
1291:Bainton
1061:. p. 7.
655:. p. 9.
518:Gallery
508:Buglife
472:lichens
266:barrows
264:in the
228:daggers
194:Purpose
145:fenland
117:Website
1522:Walton
1507:Paston
1487:Newark
1391:Ufford
1376:Sutton
1306:Castor
1180:
998:
911:
884:
859:
830:
780:
746:124839
744:
688:
512:meadow
427:Tempus
299:survey
208:swords
1396:Upton
1346:Maxey
1316:Etton
857:JSTOR
742:JSTOR
303:dykes
254:sheep
236:horse
1268:City
1266:The
1178:ISBN
1154:2014
1110:2014
1084:2016
1028:2024
996:ISBN
975:2014
941:2016
909:ISBN
882:ISBN
828:ISBN
778:ISBN
686:ISBN
494:and
478:and
417:and
348:and
278:peat
169:Fens
107:Type
1321:Eye
1270:of
734:doi
368:wax
301:of
1838::
1044:.
1019:.
964:.
960:.
949:^
932:.
853:48
851:.
812:^
792:^
754:^
740:.
730:21
728:.
712:^
660:^
641:^
498:.
490:,
378:.
344:,
340:,
336:,
332:,
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1004:.
977:.
943:.
917:.
890:.
863:.
836:.
786:.
748:.
736::
694:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
