87:
53:
256:
501:. In modern classifications of the protists, the principal flagellated taxa are placed in the following eukaryote groups, which include also non-flagellated forms (where "A", "F", "P" and "S" stands for autotrophic, free-living heterotrophic, parasitic and symbiotic, respectively):
482:
Protomastigineae, in which absorption of food-particles in holozoic nutrition occurs at a localised point of the cell surface, often at a cytostome, although many groups were merely saprophytes; it included the majority of colourless flagellates, and even many "apochlorotic"
71:
1149:. Vol. I. Introduction, Chlorophyceae. Xanthophyceae, Chrysophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Cryptophyceae, Dinophyceae, Chloromonadineae, Euglenineae, Colourless Flagellata. 1935. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press,
271:
An overview of the occurrence of flagellated cells in eukaryote groups, as specialized cells of multicellular organisms or as life cycle stages, is given below (see also the article
1218:
Patterson, D.J., Vørs, N., Simpson, A.G.B. & O'Kelly, C., 2000. Residual Free-living and
Predatory Heterotrophic Flagellates. In: Lee, J.J., Leedale, G.F. & Bradbury, P.
230:). Often there is one directed forwards and one trailing behind. Many parasites that affect human health or economy are flagellates in at least one stage of life cycle, such as
489:
Distomatineae, a group of binucleate "double individuals" with symmetrically distributed flagella and, in many species, two symmetrical mouths; roughly corresponds to current
463:), sometimes divided into Phytoflagellata (= Phytomastigina, mostly autotrophic) and Zooflagellata (= Zoomastigina, heterotrophic). They were sometimes grouped with
224:. They may also be used to create a current that brings in food. In most such organisms, one or more flagella are located at or near the anterior of the cell (e.g,
131:
and their means of motion. The term presently does not imply any specific relationship or classification of the organisms that possess flagella. However, several
1114:
Understanding the evolution of aggregative multicellularity : a molecular phylogenetic study of the cellular slime mold genera sorodiplophrys and pocheina
1329:
1299:
1223:
486:
Pantostomatineae (or
Rhizomastigineae), in which the absorption takes place at any point on the cell surface; roughly corresponds to "amoeboflagellates";
1002:"Use of monoclonal antibodies to distinguish pathogenic Naegleria fowleri (cysts, trophozoites, or flagellate forms) from other Naegleria species"
1150:
1122:
1245:
1322:
474:
The autotrophic flagellates were grouped similarly to the botanical schemes used for the corresponding algae groups. The
1315:
1164:"A Short Guide to Common Heterotrophic Flagellates of Freshwater Habitats Based on the Morphology of Living Organisms"
213:
and closely related plants do so. Likewise, most fungi do not produce cells with flagellae, but the primitive fungal
785:
780:
Although the taxonomic group
Flagellata was abandoned, the term "flagellate" is still used as the description of a
260:
1207:
2024:
1278:
132:
1257:
Mikryukov, K.A. (2001). Heliozoa as a component of marine microbenthos: a study of
Heliozoa of the White Sea.
2264:
158:
in a characteristic arrangement, with nine fused pairs surrounding two central singlets. These arise from a
2461:
2400:
2339:
2053:
2521:
2511:
2421:
2412:
62:
2516:
2405:
789:
2349:
343:
186:
1222:. Society of Protozoologists/Allen Press: Lawrence, Kansas, U.S.A, 2nd ed., vol. 2, p. 1302-1328,
555:
1430:
923:
838:
772:
475:
392:
45:
This article is about eukaryotic flagellates. For bacterial flagella and their differences, see
2395:
2354:
1241:
1185:
1128:
1118:
1039:
1021:
982:
964:
915:
871:
646:
468:
249:
1998:
1074:
781:
2369:
2213:
2160:
2112:
2071:
2036:
2029:
1966:
1843:
1769:
1175:
1029:
1013:
972:
954:
907:
767:
598:
551:
531:
295:
140:
123:
also describes a particular construction (or level of organization) characteristic of many
2145:
1377:
1293:
355:
1060:. The Systematics Association Special Volume 59. Taylor and Francis, London. pp. 269–287.
1056:
Raven, J.A. 2000. The flagellate condition. In: (B.S.C. Leadbeater and J.C. Green, eds)
898:
Hibbett; et al. (2007). "A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi".
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86:
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Sparagano, O.; Drouet, E.; Brebant, R.; Manet, E.; Denoyel, G. A.; Pernin, P. (1993).
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1779:
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1612:
1476:
1342:
1338:
941:
Dash, Manoswini; Sachdeva, Sherry; Bansal, Abhisheka; Sinha, Abhinav (2022-06-15).
927:
763:
695:
642:
606:
547:
513:
498:
409:
364:
339:
303:
171:
31:
829:, simultaneously or sequentially, while the helioflagellates (e.g., the cercozoan
52:
1236:
1180:
1163:
911:
2476:
2451:
2439:
2254:
2208:
2009:
1976:
1956:
1877:
1790:
1661:
1629:
1567:
1557:
1492:
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1415:
1398:
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723:
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636:
543:
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517:
404:
374:
351:
347:
331:
283:
238:
206:
194:
155:
90:
1094:
174:, or contain rods. Their ultrastructure plays an important role in classifying
2490:
2485:
2466:
2456:
2434:
2090:
1834:
1805:
1733:
1712:
1598:
1583:
1471:
1425:
959:
834:
809:
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627:
574:
559:
535:
509:
421:
388:
307:
244:
221:
210:
182:
159:
124:
70:
1132:
1095:
The chastity of amoebae: re-evaluating evidence for sex in amoeboid organisms
1025:
968:
248:. Flagellates are the major consumers of primary and secondary production in
189:, a flagellate is an organism with one or more flagella. Some cells in other
2471:
2344:
2334:
2198:
2180:
2155:
2124:
2085:
1937:
1917:
1903:
1882:
1810:
1707:
1690:
1593:
1572:
1518:
1481:
1410:
1389:
826:
735:
708:
677:
622:
565:
464:
417:
400:
360:
299:
287:
272:
232:
202:
197:
of most animal phyla. Flowering plants do not produce flagellate cells, but
175:
167:
163:
128:
116:
112:
46:
1202:
Patterson, D.J. (2000). Flagellates: Heterotrophic
Protists With Flagella.
1189:
986:
919:
1043:
875:
255:
17:
2364:
2359:
2271:
2236:
2165:
2150:
2140:
2019:
1942:
1893:
1857:
1824:
1738:
1650:
1547:
1502:
1382:
1362:
842:
822:
751:
703:
669:
661:
652:
586:
581:
478:
flagellates were customarily grouped in three groups, highly artificial:
452:
431:
413:
384:
370:
335:
214:
151:
75:
862:
Cavalier-Smith T. (1995). "Zooflagellate phylogeny and classification".
2300:
2281:
1800:
1754:
1393:
1346:
657:
435:
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226:
39:
35:
2203:
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1640:
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1112:
614:
327:
316:
291:
190:
2175:
1743:
1405:
311:
254:
85:
69:
51:
1292:
943:"Gametogenesis in Plasmodium: Delving Deeper to Connect the Dots"
198:
108:
1311:
1093:
Lahr DJ, Parfrey LW, Mitchell EA, Katz LA, Lara E (July 2011).
217:
do. Many protists take the form of single-celled flagellates.
1073:(3rd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 23–24,
888:
Philip E. Pack, Ph.D., Cliff's Notes: AP Biology 4th edition.
27:
Group of protists with at least one whip-like appendage
825:
organization, in which cells may present flagella and
1234:
Hoek, C. van den, Mann, D.G. and Jahns, H.M. (1995).
267:
Flagellates as specialized cells or life cycle stages
2386:
2320:
2245:
2222:
2189:
2122:
1996:
1989:
1964:
1955:
1925:
1916:
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1832:
1823:
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1721:
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1659:
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1620:
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1555:
1546:
1516:
1490:
1455:
1446:
1439:
1353:
1284:Leadbeater, B.S.C. & Green, J.C., eds. (2000).
162:. In some flagellates, flagella direct food into a
807:The amoeboflagellates (e.g., the rhizarian genus
947:Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
1286:The Flagellates. Unity, diversity and evolution
1058:The flagellates. Unity, diversity and evolution
497:Presently, these groups are known to be highly
1323:
8:
1147:The Structure and Reproduction of the Algae
1993:
1961:
1922:
1862:
1829:
1695:
1617:
1552:
1452:
1443:
1330:
1316:
1308:
1277:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
1240:. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
1179:
1162:Jeuck, Alexandra; Arndt, Hartmut (2013).
1033:
976:
958:
1117:. University of Arkansas, Fayetteville.
788:. Another term used is "monadoid", from
447:Flagellates as organisms: the Flagellata
252:- consuming bacteria and other protists.
854:
170:. Flagella often support hairs, called
107:is a cell or organism with one or more
451:In older classifications, flagellated
821:) have a peculiar type of flagellate/
7:
1220:An Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa
193:may be flagellate, for instance the
143:") are more formally characterized.
804:and in the groups as listed above.
135:of the term "flagellate" (such as "
1237:Algae An Introduction to Phycology
1069:Webster, J & Weber, R (2007).
338:(assexual zoospores and gametes),
25:
1018:10.1128/jcm.31.10.2758-2763.1993
1006:Journal of Clinical Microbiology
220:Flagella are generally used for
776:(F), and about a hundred genera
154:in eukaryotes are supported by
2077:Membranous/thalloid/foliaceous
1:
2047:Tetrasporal/capsal/palmelloid
1288:. Taylor and Francis, London.
428:fungi (zoospores and gametes)
1181:10.1016/j.protis.2013.08.003
912:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.03.004
786:ecological functional group
768:collodictyonids/diphylleids
2538:
548:raphidophytes/chloromonads
44:
29:
960:10.3389/fcimb.2022.877907
764:spironemids/hemimastigids
391:(zoospores and gametes),
334:(zoospores and gametes),
1368:Mastigophora/Flagellates
1279:Medical Subject Headings
1111:Tice, Alexander (2015).
700:Preaxostyla/anaeromonads
467:(ameboids) in the group
166:or mouth, where food is
30:Not to be confused with
2406:Baas-Becking hypothesis
1300:Encyclopædia Britannica
261:Encyclopædia Britannica
2401:Microbial biogeography
1303:(11th ed.). 1911.
831:heliomonads/dimorphids
738:incertae sedis :
611:heliomonads/dimorphids
263:
100:
83:
67:
1421:Fungus-like organisms
1071:Introduction to Fungi
782:level of organization
389:plasmodiophoromycetes
306:(male gametes), some
258:
89:
73:
55:
2136:Simple cell membrane
2072:Pseudoparenchymatous
2060:Filamentous/trichal/
2044:Colonial flagellated
1977:Collar of microvilli
841:) have a flagellate/
377:(probably gametes),
2350:Contractile vacuole
2301:Meiosis in protists
2282:Mitosis in protists
2260:Multinucleate cells
1482:Flagellar apparatus
1431:Ambiregnal protists
1373:Sarcodina/Amoeboids
1101:278 (1715): 2083–6.
833:, the stramenopile
393:chlorarachniophytes
344:labyrinthulomycetes
187:microscopic animals
2181:Periplast/pellicle
1904:Periplast/pellicle
1844:Cruciform division
1294:"Flagellata"
1084:Adl et al. (2012).
813:, some amoebozoan
346:(zoospores), some
320:, as male gametes)
264:
259:"Flagellata" from
250:aquatic ecosystems
101:
84:
68:
63:Artforms of Nature
56:"Flagellata" from
2499:
2498:
2396:Microbial ecology
2382:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2355:Eyespot apparatus
1985:
1984:
1967:Choanoflagellates
1951:
1950:
1912:
1911:
1852:
1851:
1819:
1818:
1685:
1684:
1607:
1606:
1542:
1541:
1124:978-1-321-68823-8
1012:(10): 2758–2763.
647:choanoflagellates
552:silicoflagellates
469:Sarcomastigophora
147:Form and behavior
16:(Redirected from
2529:
2370:Mastigont system
2323:
2248:
2225:
2214:Gliding motility
2192:
2129:
2074:/plektenchymatic
2030:Amoeboflagellate
2003:
1994:
1970:
1962:
1931:
1923:
1897:
1871:
1863:
1837:
1830:
1794:
1758:
1727:
1701:
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1665:
1644:
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1587:
1561:
1553:
1522:
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1460:
1453:
1444:
1332:
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1309:
1304:
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1183:
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1099:Proc. Biol. Sci.
1091:
1085:
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1061:
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991:
990:
980:
962:
938:
932:
931:
895:
889:
886:
880:
879:
859:
817:, some excavate
455:were grouped in
356:eustigmatophytes
330:(male gametes),
302:(male gametes),
296:Zygnematophyceae
141:choanoflagellata
21:
2537:
2536:
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1753:
1748:
1724:Dinoflagellates
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1717:
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1634:
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1356:classifications
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1088:
1083:
1079:
1068:
1064:
1055:
1051:
999:
998:
994:
940:
939:
935:
897:
896:
892:
887:
883:
870:(11): 1010–29.
861:
860:
856:
851:
784:and also as an
748:kathablepharids
682:heteroloboseans
674:trypanosomatids
570:dinoflagellates
542:(A/F), part of
449:
442:, as zoospores)
416:(male gametes,
269:
149:
80:Giardia lamblia
50:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2535:
2533:
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2524:
2519:
2514:
2504:
2503:
2497:
2496:
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2493:
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2474:
2464:
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2454:
2444:
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2442:
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2410:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2392:
2390:
2384:
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2367:
2362:
2357:
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2318:
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2279:
2274:
2269:
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2257:
2251:
2249:
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2242:
2240:
2239:
2234:
2228:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2195:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2132:
2130:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2103:
2102:
2101:
2100:
2099:
2098:Siphonocladous
2096:
2088:
2081:Multinucleated
2078:
2075:
2069:
2067:Parenchymatous
2064:
2058:
2057:
2056:
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2048:
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1907:
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1900:
1898:
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1888:
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1880:
1874:
1872:
1868:Kinetoplastids
1860:
1854:
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1849:
1847:
1846:
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1536:
1534:Phycobilisomes
1531:
1529:Pit connection
1525:
1523:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1510:
1508:Phycobilisomes
1505:
1499:
1497:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1463:
1461:
1458:Chloroplastida
1450:
1448:Archaeplastida
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1408:
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1269:External links
1267:
1264:
1263:
1250:
1227:
1211:
1195:
1174:(6): 842–860.
1154:
1145:Fritsch, F.E.
1138:
1123:
1103:
1086:
1077:
1062:
1049:
992:
933:
906:(5): 509–547.
890:
881:
853:
852:
850:
847:
845:organization.
778:
777:
733:
732:
731:
728:hypermastigids
685:
666:kinetoplastids
650:
640:
633:phalansteriids
620:
619:
618:
599:thaumatomonads
579:
563:
521:
506:Archaeplastida
495:
494:
487:
484:
448:
445:
444:
443:
429:
407:
398:
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379:foraminiferans
368:
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321:
280:Archaeplastida
268:
265:
148:
145:
137:dinoflagellate
26:
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14:
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3:
2:
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2518:
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2513:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2445:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2427:Fertilization
2425:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2411:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2398:
2397:
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2391:
2385:
2371:
2368:
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2363:
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2333:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2319:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2302:
2299:
2295:Pleuromitosis
2294:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2244:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2232:Hydrogenosome
2230:
2229:
2227:
2221:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2188:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2121:
2114:
2110:
2107:
2106:Multicellular
2104:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2002:
1995:
1992:
1988:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1928:Dictyostelids
1924:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1890:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1791:Apicomplexans
1787:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1751:
1745:
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1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
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1729:
1725:
1720:
1714:
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1706:
1705:
1703:
1697:
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1692:
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1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1658:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1637:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1613:Stramenopiles
1610:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1580:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
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1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1388:
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1379:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1333:
1328:
1326:
1321:
1319:
1314:
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1310:
1302:
1301:
1295:
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1283:
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1276:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1260:
1254:
1251:
1247:
1246:0-521-30419-9
1243:
1239:
1238:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1221:
1215:
1212:
1208:
1205:
1199:
1196:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1158:
1155:
1151:
1148:
1142:
1139:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1120:
1116:
1115:
1107:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1090:
1087:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1053:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
996:
993:
988:
984:
979:
974:
970:
966:
961:
956:
952:
948:
944:
937:
934:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
894:
891:
885:
882:
877:
873:
869:
865:
858:
855:
848:
846:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
819:Heterolobosea
816:
812:
811:
805:
803:
802:
797:
796:
791:
787:
783:
775:
774:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
734:
729:
725:
721:
717:
716:
715:Paratrimastix
711:
710:
705:
701:
697:
696:retortamonads
693:
689:
686:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
656:
655:
654:
651:
648:
644:
641:
638:
634:
630:
629:
624:
621:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
585:
584:
583:
580:
577:
576:
571:
567:
564:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
532:proteromonads
529:
525:
524:Stramenopiles
522:
519:
515:
514:prasinophytes
511:
507:
504:
503:
502:
500:
492:
491:Diplomonadida
488:
485:
481:
480:
479:
477:
472:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
446:
441:
437:
433:
430:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
408:
406:
402:
399:
394:
390:
386:
383:
382:
381:(as gametes)
380:
376:
372:
369:
366:
365:apicomplexans
362:
359:
357:
353:
349:
345:
342:(zoospores),
341:
340:hyphochytrids
337:
333:
329:
325:
324:Stramenopiles
322:
319:
318:
313:
309:
305:
304:pteridophytes
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
278:
277:
276:
274:
266:
262:
257:
253:
251:
247:
246:
241:
240:
235:
234:
229:
228:
223:
218:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
179:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
146:
144:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
98:
97:
96:Chlamydomonas
92:
88:
81:
77:
72:
65:
64:
59:
58:Ernst Haeckel
54:
48:
41:
37:
33:
19:
2522:Microbiology
2512:Cell biology
2447:Heterotrophy
2417:Reproduction
2292:Orthomitosis
2277:Heterokaryon
2224:Mitochondria
2125:Cell surface
2014:
2001:organization
1957:Opisthokonta
1780:Micronucleus
1775:Macronucleus
1677:Pneumatocyst
1493:Glaucophytes
1477:Phragmoplast
1416:Thallophytes
1367:
1343:Protistology
1339:Microbiology
1298:
1285:
1258:
1253:
1235:
1230:
1219:
1214:
1204:Tree of Life
1203:
1198:
1171:
1167:
1157:
1146:
1141:
1113:
1106:
1098:
1089:
1080:
1070:
1065:
1057:
1052:
1009:
1005:
995:
950:
946:
936:
903:
899:
893:
884:
867:
863:
857:
839:ciliophryids
808:
806:
799:
793:
779:
771:
760:ancyromonads
744:cryptophytes
724:trichomonads
720:parabasalids
713:
707:
680:(F/A), some
643:Opisthokonta
626:
603:glissomonads
595:spongomonads
573:
556:ciliophryids
544:xanthophytes
540:chrysophytes
518:glaucophytes
499:polyphyletic
496:
473:
461:Mastigophora
460:
456:
450:
439:
410:Opisthokonta
405:myxogastrids
375:radiolarians
352:xanthophytes
348:chrysophytes
315:
294:, except in
270:
243:
237:
231:
225:
219:
180:
172:mastigonemes
156:microtubules
150:
120:
104:
102:
94:
79:
61:
32:flagellation
2517:Flagellates
2477:Necrotrophy
2462:Saprotrophy
2452:Phagotrophy
2440:Phototrophy
2433:Nutrition:
2422:Life cycles
2413:Development
2387:Ecology and
2255:Nucleomorph
2209:Pseudopodia
2010:Unicellular
1894:Euglenoidea
1878:Kinetoplast
1662:Brown algae
1630:Mastigoneme
1568:Mastigoneme
1558:Cryptophyta
1468:green algae
1426:Slime molds
864:Tsitologiya
835:pedinellids
815:Archamoebae
801:Cryptomonas
773:Phyllomonas
756:apusomondas
740:haptophytes
692:diplomonads
637:archamoebae
591:cercomonads
560:pedinellids
528:bicosoecids
422:choanocytes
395:(zoospores)
332:brown algae
308:gymnosperms
284:green algae
239:Trichomonas
211:gymnosperms
209:, and some
207:green algae
195:spermatozoa
183:protoctists
133:derivations
125:prokaryotes
119:. The word
91:Green algae
2506:Categories
2491:Auxotrophy
2486:Mixotrophy
2467:Parasitism
2457:Osmotrophy
2435:Autotrophy
2389:physiology
2265:Plasmodium
2191:Locomotion
2127:structures
2091:Coenocytic
1835:Phytomyxea
1806:Apicoplast
1734:Dinokaryon
1713:Trichocyst
1584:Haptophyte
1472:Phycoplast
1440:Morphology
1411:Cryptogams
1275:Flagellata
1261:54: 51–73.
953:: 877907.
849:References
827:pseudopods
810:Cercomonas
688:Metamonada
635:(F), some
628:Multicilia
607:cryomonads
575:Colpodella
538:(F), most
476:colourless
457:Flagellata
326:: centric
300:bryophytes
245:Plasmodium
222:propulsion
176:eukaryotes
160:basal body
129:eukaryotes
121:flagellate
113:appendages
105:flagellate
74:Parasitic
18:Flagellata
2472:Biotrophy
2345:Extrusome
2335:Cytostome
2199:Flagellum
2156:Cell wall
2115:/histonal
2095:Siphonous
2086:Syncytial
2054:Coenobial
2050:Sarcinoid
1999:Levels of
1938:Macrocyst
1918:Amoebozoa
1883:Glycosome
1811:Microneme
1691:Alveolata
1599:Haptonema
1594:Coccolith
1573:Periplast
1519:Red algae
1503:Cyanelles
1390:Infusoria
1133:985464464
1026:0095-1137
969:2235-2988
900:Mycologia
843:heliozoan
736:Eukaryota
709:Trimastix
704:oxymonads
678:euglenids
623:Amoebozoa
566:Alveolata
510:volvocids
465:Sarcodina
418:epithelia
414:metazoans
401:Amoebozoa
367:(gametes)
361:Alveolata
336:oomycetes
290:and male
288:zoospores
273:flagellum
233:Naegleria
164:cytostome
47:Flagellum
2365:Axostyle
2360:Pyrenoid
2340:Fimbriae
2272:Dikaryon
2237:Mitosome
2166:Skeleton
2151:Frustule
2141:Mucilage
2113:tissular
2037:Colonial
2020:Amoeboid
2015:Monadoid
1943:Sorocarp
1858:Excavate
1825:Rhizaria
1755:Ciliates
1739:Dinocyst
1700:General:
1651:Frustule
1622:General:
1548:Hacrobia
1399:Sporozoa
1394:Ciliates
1383:Heliozoa
1363:Protozoa
1347:Protists
1190:24239731
987:35782151
920:17572334
823:amoeboid
792:. as in
752:Apusozoa
670:bodonids
662:jakobids
653:Excavata
587:Cercozoa
582:Rhizaria
536:opalines
453:protozoa
440:Pocheina
436:acrasids
432:Excavata
385:Cercozoa
371:Rhizaria
215:chytrids
168:ingested
152:Flagella
117:flagella
76:Excavata
2308:Zygotic
2305:Gametic
2247:Nucleus
2025:Coccoid
1990:General
1801:Rhoptry
1708:Alveoli
1641:Diatoms
1378:Testate
1259:Ophelia
1168:Protist
1044:8253977
978:9241518
928:4686378
876:8868448
746:(F/A),
742:(F/A),
726:, P/S,
718:, F),
694:(P/F),
684:(P/F/S)
672:, F/P,
658:Discoba
615:ebriids
572:(A/F),
512:(A/F),
434:: some
426:chytrid
412:: most
373:: some
363:: some
350:, some
328:diatoms
292:gametes
282:: most
227:Euglena
191:animals
139:" and "
115:called
40:ciliate
36:fellate
2311:Sporic
2289:Closed
2204:Cilium
2161:Lorica
2062:hyphal
1770:Cirrus
1765:Cilium
1672:Lamina
1354:Former
1281:(MeSH)
1244:
1188:
1131:
1121:
1042:
1035:266008
1032:
1024:
985:
975:
967:
926:
918:
874:
798:, and
766:, F),
676:, P),
483:algae;
317:Ginkgo
312:cycads
203:mosses
181:Among
111:-like
66:, 1904
2322:Other
2176:Theca
2146:Scale
1744:Theca
1406:Algae
924:S2CID
795:Monas
790:monad
770:(F),
762:, F,
758:, F,
750:(F),
712:, F,
706:, S,
698:(S),
664:(F),
639:(F/S)
631:(F),
613:(F),
609:(F),
605:(F),
601:(F),
597:(F),
593:(F),
562:(A/F)
558:(F),
554:(A),
550:(A),
546:(A),
534:(F),
530:(F),
516:(A),
199:ferns
38:, or
2330:Cyst
2286:Open
2171:Test
2109:s.s.
2040:s.s.
1242:ISBN
1186:PMID
1129:OCLC
1119:ISBN
1040:PMID
1022:ISSN
983:PMID
965:ISSN
916:PMID
872:PMID
837:and
730:, S)
420:and
314:and
242:and
185:and
127:and
109:whip
1470:":
1176:doi
1172:164
1030:PMC
1014:doi
973:PMC
955:doi
908:doi
904:111
649:(F)
617:(F)
578:(F)
520:(A)
459:(=
424:),
298:),
275:):
60:'s
2508::
1345::
1341::
1297:.
1206:,
1184:.
1170:.
1166:.
1127:.
1097:.
1038:.
1028:.
1020:.
1010:31
1008:.
1004:.
981:.
971:.
963:.
951:12
949:.
945:.
922:.
914:.
902:.
868:37
866:.
690::
660::
645::
625::
589::
568::
526::
508::
471:.
403::
387::
354:,
236:,
205:,
201:,
178:.
103:A
34:,
2415:/
2111:/
1969::
1930::
1896::
1870::
1793::
1757::
1726::
1664::
1643::
1586::
1560::
1521::
1495::
1466:"
1392:/
1331:e
1324:t
1317:v
1248:.
1225:.
1209:.
1192:.
1178::
1152:.
1135:.
1046:.
1016::
989:.
957::
930:.
910::
878:.
754:(
722:(
702:(
668:(
493:.
438:(
310:(
286:(
99:)
93:(
82:)
78:(
49:.
42:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
