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634:. It has been alleged that an old mine shaft on the north side of the island connects with a series of natural tunnels, and a concealed exit to the sea. Although Flat Holm was in full view of both the Welsh and English coasts, customs authorities were powerless to act as they had no boat to take them to the island. According to tradition, a small cave in the east cliff at Flat Holm was used for the storage of contraband, mainly tea and brandy.
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near the southernmost battery emplacement. Other fortifications included a large drainage basin, underground storage tank, an administrative building and a secure store. A "ditch-and-bank" system served to protect the
Lighthouse Battery from cross-island attack. The barracks were vacated in 1901 and the buildings have now been restored by the Flat Holm Project for educational use.
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1261:). The leek grows to 6 ft (1.8 m) and Flat Holm is one of only five places in the UK where it is found. Related to the onion, the leek has a bulb that grows for several years producing only leaves, then blooms with large purple flowers that smell of garlic. After flowering the bulb dies and produces up to 150 bulblets.
1129:, one of whom subsequently died. The only accommodation was a canvas tent, and the regular inhabitants of the island petitioned Cardiff council for compensation, complaining of loss of income from visitors and difficulty in selling vegetables grown on their farm at the market in Cardiff. In 1896, the
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The Flat Holm project aims to develop the island as a showcase of sustainable technologies. The original power supply consisted of several diesel generators at different properties and unconnected to each other. In 2006, underground cables were installed to form a 'mini-grid' between the farmhouse,
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In 1869, stone barracks were built to sleep up to 50 men. The men were stationed on the island to keep the guns in good working order but the garrison would have been reinforced by regular artillery and volunteer troops if ever an invasion had been imminent. The barracks for the battery were located
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Flat Holm is located in the
Bristol Channel. It is a small, almost circular, limestone island, approximately 620 m (2,030 ft) in diameter, covering 35 ha (86 acres). It rises in a gentle slope from the exposed western rocky shore to more sheltered easterly cliffs, at the top of which
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and were suspected of having cholera. The first engineer, Thomas Smith, and able seaman Robert Doran, were deported to the isolation hospital on Flat Holm to prevent spread of the disease. The second mate, P. J. Morris, was also sent to the island as a precautionary measure, but quickly recovered.
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During the Ice Age, the island was covered by glacier ice on several occasions. There are abundant erratic pebbles on the beaches, mostly from
Pembrokeshire, indicating that the ice that covered the island was that of the Irish Sea Ice Stream, travelling from west to east up the Bristol Channel.
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The island made communication history again on 8 October 2002, by becoming one of the first areas of South Wales to link to the
Internet through a wireless connection deployed by Cardiff Council as part of the Flat Holm Project. The connection is used for Internet, access to Cardiff Council's data
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on the island after Flat Holm was granted to them by Robert, Earl of
Gloucester in 1150. Dr Thomas Turner, who was stranded on Flat Holm during a visit in 1815, passed the time by exploring the island. He noted that the tax-exempt abbey farm was prospering and counted "seven cows, two bulls, five
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In June 1815, a Dr Thomas Turner visited Flat Holm in a small boat and was stranded for a week due to high winds. He discovered two
Christian graves located close together in a field 23 m (75 ft) northeast of the island's present farmhouse; one grave had been opened and contained a male
1040:. They were mounted in four separate batteries, all in Moncrieff pits, 2 m (7 ft) in diameter and 3 m (10 ft) deep, constructed of limestone blocks and bricks. These pits had the advantage of being almost invisible to shipping and also offered protection to the gun crews. The
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The proposed barrage would pass two miles (3 km) west of Flat Holm. The study was expected to last at least two years and would be split into two stages. The first, which was likely to run until late 2008, would reach an initial view on whether there are any fundamental issues that would
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and a major figure in the field. Marconi and Preece erected a 34 m (112 ft) high transmitting mast on Flat Holm as well as a 30 m (98 ft) receiving mast at
Lavernock Point. The first trials on 11 May and 12 failed. On 13 May, the mast at Lavernock was raised to 50 m
952:
sheep, one horse, two pigs and two dogs". In 1897 the farmhouse was converted into The Flat Holm Hotel, and a bar and skittle alley were added, but the hotel closed after a few years. The farmhouse has been renovated by the Flat Holm
Project and is now used as accommodation for visitors.
489:, but had since broken in two. A second disturbed grave, also marked with a headstone, was found to the southeast and contained a coffin constructed with iron bolts. Inside the coffin were two skeletons which had been doused in lime, indicating that the occupants had probably died from a
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station was also placed in the centre of the island. The structures formed part of the Fixed
Defences, and protected the Atlantic shipping convoys between Cardiff, Barry, and Flat Holm. These works were abandoned after the war and the island has had no military use since. Flat Holm's
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occupation and fortification of the island. One remaining plant was reintroduced by David Worall, the Flat Holm Warden, in 1982 and is protected by fencing near the path to the lighthouse. A few plants grown from seed also survive in the island's farmhouse garden.
1213:
754:, John Outridge, and two sailors made off in the only lifeboat. 15 survivors were later rescued, having clung to the ship's rigging, but 54 other passengers were lost. 50 of the bodies were recovered from the ship and were buried on Flat Holm.
1295:) was introduced to the island (and nearby Steep Holm), possibly by monks, and has naturalised. Thirty-seven plants were taken to the island from Steep Holm by Frank Harris, the farmer at the time, in the 1930s, many of which died during the
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The Sea-Board of Mendip. An
Account of the History, Archaeology, and Natural History of the Parishes of Weston-super-Mare, Kewstoke, Wick St. Lawrence, Puxton Worle, Uphill, Brean, Bleadon, Hutton Locking, Banwell, and of the Steep and Flat
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roofing tiles and a fragment of a 14th-century glazed ridge tile indicate the existence of a substantial medieval building, possibly a chapel, demolished when the present farmhouse was constructed. Property records from 1542 show that King
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derives from an Irish word meaning churchyard or graveyard, alluding to the belief that the island had religious significance as a place of burial to people at the time. However, the island's current English name of "Holm" comes from the
1285:"excellent good cure for those that have inward wounds, hurts, or bruises, both to stay the bleeding, to dissolve and expel the congealed blood, and to heal the parts, as also to cleanse and heal outward sores, ulcers and fistulas"
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voluntarily ministered to the population of the island. Ashley created the Bristol Channel Mission in order to serve seafarers on the 400 sailing vessels which used the Bristol Channel. The mission would later become the
1353:). The feeding habits of lesser black-backed gulls were studied in 1989, and it was shown that smaller clutches were laid than in previous years and that supplementary feeding did not increase egg or clutch size.
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making an official complaint that the lighthouse keeper was using the coals intended for the lighthouse for processing lead. Mining for lead was not profitable, however, and the works were abandoned. Red
1133:, then-owner of Flat Holm, agreed to lease all the land that was not already in use by the military or the lighthouse to the Cardiff Corporation for £50 per year. The corporation then built a permanent
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1160:, was cremated on the island at the end of the 19th century. The hospital finally closed in 1935 and has remained derelict since. Both the hospital main block and laundry block were Grade II
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stands the prominent lighthouse. At its highest point it is 32 m (105 ft) above sea level. Flat Holm is part of Wales, although it is in the English parliamentary constituency of
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granted a lease to farm the island to a gentleman by the name of Edmund Tournor. His family remained on Flat Holm until the end of the 17th century when the lease passed to Joseph Robins.
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shells. Fragments of green glazed jugs and flagons from the late 12th to 13th century and shards of pottery from the 14th century were also found on the island. The presence of Pennant
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workshops and the fog horn keeper's cottage. This was powered with a 13.5 kW inverter/charger system located at the farmhouse with the farmhouse diesel generator as back-up.
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871:(SSSI). The GCR and SSSI interest lies along the south-western shoreline from the north west point to Lighthouse Point where a wave cut portion of the limestone displays large
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period, 15,000 years ago, the ice sheets retreated, and the flat plains surrounding the river estuary flooded; the hilltops of Mendip Hills became the islands of Flat Holm and
1200:) to repair the Foghorn Station roof, stabilise and re-roof the Old Cholera Hospital, and create new guided tours of the island. The project was expected to take three years.
995:
Flat Holm Battery is a series of gun emplacements on Flat Holm built to protect Bristol and Cardiff across the channel. There are remains of four battery sites on the island:
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telephony. Cardiff Council's communication consultant Spencer Pearson made the first telephone call from the island 108 years after pioneer Marconi's wireless transmissions.
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at the centre of his new domain. Flat Holm came within the parish boundary of St Mary's, one of Cardiff's two parish churches, and was kept as a hereditary property of the
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were ever to be constructed it could have consequences for Flat Holm, depending on the design and the route. A number of studies have been proposed, the latest being when
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The Flat Holm sanatorium is unique in being the only Victorian isolation hospital sited on a British offshore island. The last patient to die in the hospital, a victim of
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County Council leased the island for the next 99 years. In March 1995, the county council agreed to obtain Flat Holm through a 50-year lease from the
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Bolton, Mark; David Houston; Pat Monaghan (1992). "Nutritional constraints on egg formation in the lesser black-backed gull: an experimental study".
1184:, as stipulated in that lease. It is managed by the Cardiff Council as The Flat Holm Project. The work of the Flat Holm Project is supported by the
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2015:
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1369:, which effectively contains the numbers. The island has been grazed since 1989, initially by goats, but also by sheep since 1992. In 1997
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Culpeper, Nicholas, The English physician: or an astrologo-physical discourse of the vulgar herbs of this nation. London: Peter Cole, 1652
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Hiom, Louise; Mark Bolton; Pat Monaghan; David Worrall (1991). "Experimental evidence for food limitation of egg production in gulls".
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907:(cave forming) processes during this period. Caves on the western and north-eastern sides of the island were used during the years of
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basin extending from the Bristol and Mendip area westwards beneath the mouth of the Severn to South Wales, outcropping to the west at
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1965:
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988:, recommended fortification of the coast in 1865. The defences on the island, which became part of a line of defences known as the
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1431:, announced a further feasibility study on 25 September 2007 to follow on the report by the Sustainable Development Commission.
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in the 5th-6th century AD, and in 1835 it was the site of the foundation of the Bristol Channel Mission, which later became the
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was some 50 m (160 ft) below the current level and Flat Holm was joined to the Somerset coast as an extremity of the
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Part of a medieval grave slab 42 cm (17 in) by 26 cm (10 in) and 11 cm (4 in) thick, now in the
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were introduced and as of 2008 there are 28 sheep grazing wild on the island. Numbers of Soay sheep had declined by 2022 so
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and were mounted on the Moncrieff disappearing carriage. The guns were never needed and were fired only for test purposes.
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667:, which still provides ministerial services to sailors in over 300 ports. A service is held annually to bless the island.
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There are also larger erratics, including one spectacular pink granite boulder on a rocky foreshore near the farmhouse.
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is part of England. About 1.3 km (0.81 mi) northwest of Flat Holm are three rocky islets collectively known as
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as a "pavilion" comprising two six-bed wards and a nurse's room. In 1893, three more sailors arrived in Cardiff from
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were too heavy for mobile land service. They consisted of a steel rifle tube surrounded by wrought iron coils, and
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These four emplacements run from the northern to the southern point of the island, along the western coast. Nine
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The treacherous conditions for ships around the island led to several shipwrecks. The British passenger vessel
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and Cardiff a series of gun emplacements, known as Flat Holm Battery, were built in the 1860s as part of a
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Well Battery: one gun in an open-backed Moncrieff pit. The gun was removed by Army Apprentices in 1964.
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deposits on Flat Holm; the pits and mounds visible on the surface of the island are a result of trial
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plant species but the relative isolation of the island has allowed a number of hardy species such as
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in the vicinity of the farmhouse and found evidence of continuous occupation of the island including
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was "Are you ready"; the original paper Morse slip, signed by both Marconi and Kemp, is now in the
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lost seven passengers when she became stranded on Flat Holm in January 1773 on her passage from
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2861:"Cardiff's old cholera hospital on Flat Holm Island is to be restored as a visitor attraction"
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axe head was discovered on the island in 1988, between the island's farmhouse and West Beach.
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The island's rabbit population, introduced for farming in the 12th century, suffers from
462:, and the two sometimes met up for prayers. Gildas eventually left the island to become
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1775:. The County Council of the City & County of Cardiff. October 2002. Archived from
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674:, assisted by a Cardiff Post Office engineer named George Kemp, transmitted the first
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S. D. Rendell; J. N. Rendell (1973). "Search – further adventures on the Flat Holm".
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In 2007 the system was extended to include a 27 kWh battery bank charged by two
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programme broadcast on 17 February 2008 featured Flat Holm and the possibility of a
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The island was used as a location for the filming of the 1941 British thriller film
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of which Flat Holm and neighbouring Steep Holm are composed forms a part of a wider
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In June 2021 Cardiff Council allocated £1.1 million (including £645,000 from the
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Lighthouse Battery: three guns in two full Moncrieff pits and one open-backed pit
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to France, where they had been concerned by the strength of the French Navy. The
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3062:"Endangered sheep bred by teenage shepherd given conservation role on Flat Holm"
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Brian John, 2018. The Stonehenge Bluestones, Greencroft Books, Newport, 256 pp.
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sited at a redundant telecommunications tower on the high point of the island.
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A survey by archaeologist Howard Thomas in 1979 unearthed a number of medieval
357:, because of the maritime grassland and rare plants such as rock sea-lavender (
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2307:"Flat Holm, Bristol Channel (Dinantian of Southern England & South Wales)"
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Farm House Battery: two guns in one full Moncrieff pit and one open-backed pit
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which are not far from near Flat Holm. The ship was en route from Bristol to
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797:, measuring approximately 25 m (82 ft) by 20 m (66 ft).
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Barrett, John (1983). "A History of Maritime Forts in the Bristol Channel".
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lighthouse in 1737. Because of its strategic position on the approaches to
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17:
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Heineken, Samuel (4 November 1817). "The wreck of the William and Mary".
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699:(160 ft) and the signals were received clearly. The message sent by
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During the 18th century, the island's location made it an ideal base for
522:
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Walford, Edward (1893). "Cardiff Port Sanitary Authority Annual Report".
1581:"A Glance at Daily Life Among the Caretakers of Britain's Small Islands"
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1362:). Flat Holm's slow-worm population has unusually large blue markings.
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left three seamen on the island who were believed to be suffering from
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Period fills joints in the Carboniferous Limestone showing evidence of
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The island has a long history of occupation, dating at least from the
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of the Bristol Channel is 15 m (49 ft); second only to the
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ran ashore on Flat Holm but was refloated, and in 1941 the steamship
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The first traces of human habitation of the island are from the late
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patients was built in 1896 as the isolation hospital for the port of
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2757:"At Risk Listed Buildings 2006. Freedom of Information Act response"
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Extreme Depositional Environments: Mega End Members in Geologic Time
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A short historical account of the Flat Holme and its Natural History
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Delineations of the north western division of the county of Somerset
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The island has a significant breeding colony of over 4,000 pairs of
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2618:"Cardiff Council Minutes: 1883-5, Cardiff Records: volume 5 (1905)"
438:, who lived on the island as a hermit for seven years. His friend,
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Saunders, A.; Spurgeon, C.J.; Thomas, H.J.; Roberts, D.J. (2001).
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Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales
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Guns Across The Severn: The Victorian Fortifications of Glamorgan
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Secretary of State for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform
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starting on 12 December 1995. Flat Holm is now designated as a
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were stationed on the island. Flat Holm was re-armed with four
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which is mainly concentrated around the edges of the island.
890:. A dispute over lead mining rights in the 1780s ended with
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Flat Holm Island, Some recent Archaeological Investigations
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Flat Holm Island, Some recent Archaeological Investigations
1499:" featured the island as home to a secret medical facility.
541:), took refuge on the island following their defeat by the
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Flat Holm was fortified in the 1860s following a visit by
742:, foundered after hitting the three rocky islets known as
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period of the 5th-6th century AD, it became a retreat for
3001:(3). Journal of Animal Ecology, Vol. 61, No. 3: 521–532.
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meaning "island in an estuary". Records indicate that a
369:). The island also has significant breeding colonies of
2461:"Flat Holm Coastal and Anti-Aircraft Defences (407348)"
1761:. Cardiff: Cardiff Naturalists Society. pp. 21–23.
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for anti-aircraft and close defence, together with two
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containing numerous animal bones along with oyster and
2793:. Land Registry for Wales. 23 May 2008. Archived from
1991:"Flat Holm Island makes communication history (again)"
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broadcast by BBC One Wales on 23 June 2008, presenter
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Sites of Special Scientific Interest notified in 1972
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featured The Bristol Channel and included the island.
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still remains, however, at the centre of the island.
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Royal Commission on the Defence of the United Kingdom
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On 13 May 1897, a 22-year-old Italian inventor named
1746:. Cardiff: Cardiff Naturalists Society. p. 107.
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2295:. Cardiff: Cardiff Naturalists Society. p. 16.
1731:. Vol. pp. 21–22. Printed in Manchester. 1875.
828:, from 1.8 million years ago, the sea level in the
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Map showing location in southwestern United Kingdom
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2273:Severn Estuary Partnership – landscape and geology
1268:Community for their medicinal uses. These include
626:Cave and mineshaft in the east cliffs of Flat Holm
2422:. Chippenham, Wilts: Antony Rowe Ltd. p. 15.
2201:Chan, Marjorie A.; Archer, Allen William (2003).
1822:Flat Holm – an account of its history and ecology
481:skeleton. The open grave's headstone was made of
314:was built on the island, which was replaced by a
271:. It includes the most southerly point of Wales.
3123:Severn Tidal Power Q&A (accessed 2008-05-12)
3105:Tidal Power in the Severn? (accessed 2008-05-12)
2966:(2). Ornis Scandinavica, Vol. 22, No. 2: 94–97.
1824:. South Glamorgan County Council. pp. 8–30.
278:. Religious uses include visits by disciples of
3764:Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Cardiff
1435:preclude a tidal scheme in the Severn Estuary.
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1283:to have a wide range of medicinal uses and an
1264:Others plants may have been introduced by the
882:There are argentiferous (i.e. silver-bearing)
345:'s Flat Holm Project Team and designated as a
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2676:"Flat Holm Island Isolation Hospital (31783)"
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638:19th century – Seafarer's Mission and Marconi
8:
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2262:. Alis Press (First published 1902 by Dent).
2090:"Shipwreck – Loss of the William and Mary".
1936:. Reprinted from the American Neptune V. XX.
1212:(SSSI) in 1972. The designation covers the
32:
2420:The Grave Slabs of Flat Holm and Steep Holm
694:who was at that time Chief Engineer of the
41:
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3134:Chibnall, Steve; McFarlane, Brian (2009).
2527:"Flat Holm Society Newsletter Spring 2004"
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1960:
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1951:. London: Christopher Johnson. p. 49.
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31:
3779:Ports and harbours of the Bristol Channel
2946:Cardiff Council Flat Holm Project Records
2114:"Some Bristol Channel Shipping Accidents"
1868:. Cardiff Council. 2004. pp. 12–13.
263:approximately 6 km (4 mi) from
3196:"Torchwood Episode 11 Review – "Adrift""
2489:
2487:
2485:
1723:
1721:
1141:patients. The building was described in
947:in Bristol established a dairy farm and
690:system to Britain. Here he met Welshman
678:signals over open sea from Flat Holm to
401:) with larger than usual blue markings.
306:signals over open sea from Flat Holm to
3076:"Flat Holm Island PV & Wind System"
1820:Worrall, D. H.; Surtees, P. R. (1984).
1773:"Contaminated land inspection strategy"
1672:"The Hermits and Anchorites of England"
1571:
1407:of 3 and 5 kW, and by a 6 kW
999:Castle Rock Battery: three guns in two
2657:
2646:
2598:
2588:
2576:
2574:
2508:
2497:
1356:The island is also home to slowworms (
1677:. Methuen & Co. London. p. 9
863:. Part of the island is designated a
7:
2311:Geological Conservation Review (GCR)
310:. Because of frequent shipwrecks, a
2616:Matthews, John Hobson, ed. (1905).
2583:Saving Flat Holm's Cholera Hospital
1934:The History of Flat Holm Lighthouse
1210:Site of Special Scientific Interest
869:Site of Special Scientific Interest
650:'s equipment on Flat Holm, May 1897
637:
458:, lived at the same time on nearby
351:Site of Special Scientific Interest
136:0.35 km (0.14 sq mi)
27:Welsh island in the Bristol Channel
2291:Ratcliffe-Densham, H.B.A. (1948).
2145:. English Heritage. Archived from
2067:. English Heritage. Archived from
2022:. English Heritage. Archived from
1757:Ratcliffe-Densham, H.B.A. (1948).
836:. Sometime since the start of the
25:
3774:Special Protection Areas in Wales
3029:"Habitat action plan for Cardiff"
1836:"Anglo Saxon Chronicle 1067–1069"
3171:"John Craven wowed by Flat Holm"
3138:. Palgrave MacMillan. p. 8.
1579:Ingram, Alex (12 October 2020).
1539:
1525:
1164:and considered to be "at risk".
750:and sank within 15 minutes. The
60:
2917:"Paeonia mascula on Steep Holm"
867:(GCR) Site and is a recognised
789:, whereas the nearby island of
3759:Islands of the Bristol Channel
3300:Flat Holm Island Teachers Pack
3295:Cardiff Council Flat Holm site
2710:"Flat Holm – About the island"
2401:Banwell Society of Archaeology
1932:Chaplin, Captain W.R. (1960).
1198:National Lottery Heritage Fund
1192:Flat Holm: A Walk Through Time
1096:guns. A GL (Gun Laying) Mk II
920:Lighthouse and foghorn station
892:John Stuart, Lord Mount Stuart
865:Geological Conservation Review
734:On 23 October 1817, a British
646:Post Office Engineers inspect
1:
3222:"Places to visit – Flat Holm"
2809:"Experience Flat Holm island"
2763:. 27 May 2007. Archived from
2209:Geological Society of America
2175:. 31 May 2006. Archived from
943:Records show that monks from
3315:The Palmerston Forts Society
2859:Ffion Lewis (17 June 2021).
1729:Memoirs of Thomas Turner Esq
1555:List of lighthouses in Wales
1121:In July 1883, the steamship
1026:Rifled muzzle loaders (RMLs)
152:0.61 km (0.379 mi)
144:0.63 km (0.391 mi)
2438:"FortLog Bristol Channel".
2374:"The Flat Holm Pebble Hunt"
1208:Flat Holm was designated a
1020:Flat Holm gun battery sites
3800:
3320:Victorian Forts data sheet
1905:"Smuggling in South Wales"
1670:Clay, Rotha Mary. (1914).
1495:, the March 2008 episode "
992:, were completed in 1869.
923:
572:Norman conquest of England
339:City and County of Cardiff
334:, the island was rearmed.
3150:"BBC1 Wales Looking Back"
2995:Journal of Animal Ecology
1995:Welsh Assembly Government
1697:"Flat Holm Slab (301368)"
1625:. Cardiff Council. 2004.
1337:) and varying numbers of
1315:lesser black-backed gulls
1080:over 350 soldiers of the
371:lesser black-backed gulls
169:
71:
59:
2440:Palmerston Forts Society
2257:Knight, Francis (1988).
2233:"Coast: Bristol Channel"
2169:"Severn Estuary Barrage"
1966:"Marconi: Radio Pioneer"
1331:great black-backed gulls
1270:dove's-foot crane's-bill
705:National Museum of Wales
618:18th century – smuggling
521:fleet from the south of
475:National Museum of Wales
387:great black-backed gulls
2839:"The Flat Holm Society"
1742:Wootton, F. W. (1890).
1347:Eurasian oystercatchers
1188:the Flat Holm Society.
1137:on the land for use by
1003:and one open-backed pit
849:Carboniferous Limestone
537:(possibly Ottir's king
355:Special Protection Area
160:32 m (105 ft)
66:Flat Holm in April 2008
2656:Cite journal requires
2622:British History Online
2507:Cite journal requires
2418:Barrett, John (1998).
2278:7 January 2016 at the
1947:Farr, Grahame (1954).
1658:flat holm saint cadoc.
1393:
1310:
1226:
1118:
1117:Cholera Hospital ruins
1064:
1021:
969:
956:Batteries and barracks
940:
821:
781:
731:, Ireland to Bristol.
651:
627:
582:in Wales proper, with
574:. After the invasion,
558:records that in 1067,
477:
444:Kingdom of Strathclyde
393:). It is also home to
341:and is now managed by
302:transmitted the first
252:
222:Additional information
157:Highest elevation
42:
3305:The Flat Holm Society
2948:, accessed 2008-05-08
2581:Guy, Dr John (1984).
2207:. Boulder, Colorado:
2173:UK Environment Agency
1891:Archaeological Review
1646:Rutter, John (1829).
1388:
1351:Haematopus ostralegus
1306:
1222:
1116:
1058:
1042:RML 7-inch 7 ton guns
1019:
984:, under direction of
963:
938:
819:
779:
645:
625:
555:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
472:
448:College of Theodosius
337:It forms part of the
330:. On the outbreak of
3325:4 March 2016 at the
3136:The British 'B' Film
2761:Cardiff City Council
2182:on 30 September 2007
2118:Family history pages
1970:BBC South East Wales
1652:. G. Olms. pp.
1415:Severn Barrage study
1182:Local Nature Reserve
945:St Augustine's Abbey
939:Flat Holm farm house
926:Flat Holm Lighthouse
826:most recent ice ages
665:Mission to Seafarers
590:Lords of Glamorgan.
570:in France after the
560:Gytha Thorkelsdóttir
485:and engraved with a
464:Abbot of Glastonbury
446:but educated at the
347:Local Nature Reserve
284:Mission to Seafarers
259:island lying in the
117:51.37687°N 3.12207°W
3250:. Wincanton Press.
3110:9 June 2008 at the
2712:. BBC. 3 April 2008
2585:. pp. 244–246.
1459:Let's Look at Wales
1329:), 2 pairs of
1258:Allium ampeloprasum
1252:Limonium binervosum
1235:bird's-foot trefoil
1076:At the outbreak of
1063:near the lighthouse
1030:Moncrieff carriages
824:During much of the
808:in Eastern Canada.
696:General Post Office
654:In 1835, clergyman
418:, 900 to 700 BC. A
366:Allium ampeloprasum
360:Limonium binervosum
113: /
34:
3754:Islands of Cardiff
3273:. pp. 18–34.
3246:Jory, Bob (1995).
2960:Ornis Scandinavica
2732:"Wales: Flat Holm"
2533:on 2 December 2008
2345:on 7 February 2012
2061:"William and Mary"
1782:on 25 October 2012
1586:The New York Times
1547:Engineering portal
1514:visited Flat Holm.
1439:In popular culture
1394:
1392:array at Flat Holm
1311:
1255:), and wild leek (
1239:Lotus corniculatus
1227:
1214:maritime grassland
1186:registered charity
1119:
1109:Isolation hospital
1065:
1032:were built at the
1022:
970:
941:
822:
787:Bristol North West
782:
652:
628:
580:Shire of Glamorgan
525:led by two earls,
504:called the island
491:contagious disease
478:
122:51.37687; -3.12207
3741:
3740:
3513:Lynmouth Foreland
3310:BBC Flatholm Site
2887:"A Modern Herbal"
2819:on 29 August 2002
1949:Somerset Harbours
1909:Smugglers Britain
1840:Britannia History
1463:David Parry-Jones
1377:were introduced.
1281:Nicholas Culpeper
1279:plant claimed by
1224:Rock sea-lavender
1168:Flat Holm Project
1034:Royal Gun Foundry
820:Flat Holm geology
672:Guglielmo Marconi
363:) and wild leek (
300:Guglielmo Marconi
269:Vale of Glamorgan
242:
241:
16:(Redirected from
3791:
3784:Coast of Cardiff
3458:Guile Point East
3361:
3354:
3347:
3338:
3284:
3261:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3228:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3198:. Archived from
3192:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3146:
3140:
3139:
3131:
3125:
3120:
3114:
3102:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3082:. Archived from
3080:Wind and Sun Ltd
3072:
3066:
3065:
3058:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3041:
3035:. Archived from
3025:
3019:
3018:
2990:
2984:
2983:
2955:
2949:
2943:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2923:. Archived from
2913:
2907:
2904:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2815:. Archived from
2805:
2799:
2798:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2753:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2736:Medical Heritage
2728:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2706:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2659:
2654:
2652:
2644:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2624:. pp. 84–97
2613:
2607:
2606:
2600:
2596:
2594:
2586:
2578:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2557:WW2 People's War
2549:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2529:. Archived from
2523:
2517:
2516:
2510:
2505:
2503:
2495:
2491:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2457:
2444:
2443:
2435:
2424:
2423:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2378:researchgate.net
2370:
2364:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2344:
2338:. Archived from
2328:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2288:
2282:
2270:
2264:
2263:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2198:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2181:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2109:
2100:
2099:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1962:
1953:
1952:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1929:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1866:Flat Holm Island
1862:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1842:. Archived from
1832:
1826:
1825:
1817:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1781:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1725:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1676:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1623:Flat Holm Island
1619:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1576:
1549:
1544:
1543:
1535:
1530:
1529:
1528:
1508:Not in My Nature
1327:Larus argentatus
1321:), 400 pairs of
1243:biting stonecrop
1162:listed buildings
1028:on disappearing
990:Palmerston Forts
966:disappearing gun
875:"ripple marks".
740:William and Mary
576:Robert Fitzhamon
456:Kingdom of Gwent
383:Larus argentatus
328:Palmerston Forts
324:line of defences
238:
235:
233:
227:Official website
128:
127:
125:
124:
123:
118:
114:
111:
110:
109:
106:
76:
64:
53:
45:
35:
21:
3799:
3798:
3794:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3789:
3788:
3744:
3743:
3742:
3737:
3701:Channel Islands
3695:
3597:
3374:
3365:
3327:Wayback Machine
3291:
3281:
3269:. Aberystwyth:
3264:
3258:
3245:
3242:
3240:Further reading
3237:
3236:
3226:
3224:
3220:
3219:
3215:
3205:
3203:
3202:on 12 June 2008
3194:
3193:
3189:
3179:
3177:
3169:
3168:
3164:
3154:
3152:
3148:
3147:
3143:
3133:
3132:
3128:
3121:
3117:
3112:Wayback Machine
3103:
3099:
3089:
3087:
3086:on 1 April 2008
3074:
3073:
3069:
3060:
3059:
3055:
3045:
3043:
3039:
3033:Cardiff Council
3027:
3026:
3022:
2992:
2991:
2987:
2972:10.2307/3676539
2957:
2956:
2952:
2944:
2940:
2930:
2928:
2915:
2914:
2910:
2905:
2901:
2891:
2889:
2884:
2883:
2879:
2869:
2867:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2843:
2841:
2837:
2836:
2832:
2822:
2820:
2813:Cardiff Council
2807:
2806:
2802:
2797:on 6 June 2008.
2785:
2784:
2780:
2770:
2768:
2755:
2754:
2750:
2740:
2738:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2715:
2713:
2708:
2707:
2698:
2688:
2686:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2655:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2627:
2625:
2615:
2614:
2610:
2597:
2587:
2580:
2579:
2572:
2562:
2560:
2551:
2550:
2546:
2536:
2534:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2506:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2483:
2473:
2471:
2459:
2458:
2447:
2437:
2436:
2427:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2383:
2381:
2372:
2371:
2367:
2362:
2358:
2348:
2346:
2342:
2336:Cardiff Council
2330:
2329:
2325:
2315:
2313:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2280:Wayback Machine
2271:
2267:
2256:
2255:
2251:
2241:
2239:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2219:
2211:. p. 151.
2200:
2199:
2195:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2152:
2150:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2122:
2120:
2111:
2110:
2103:
2092:Naval Chronicle
2089:
2088:
2084:
2074:
2072:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2029:
2027:
2014:
2013:
2009:
1999:
1997:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1974:
1972:
1964:
1963:
1956:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1931:
1930:
1923:
1913:
1911:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1876:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1849:
1847:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1819:
1818:
1795:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1727:
1726:
1719:
1709:
1707:
1695:
1694:
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1674:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1645:
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1640:
1633:
1621:
1620:
1609:
1599:
1597:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1545:
1538:
1531:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1447:Tower of Terror
1441:
1417:
1383:
1359:Anguis fragilis
1343:Tadorna tadorna
1339:common shelduck
1293:Paeonia mascula
1206:
1204:Flora and fauna
1194:
1174:South Glamorgan
1170:
1131:Marquis of Bute
1111:
1088:and associated
1082:Royal Artillery
1074:
986:Lord Palmerston
958:
933:
928:
922:
917:
814:
774:
721:
680:Lavernock Point
640:
620:
499:
428:
412:
407:
399:Anguis fragilis
343:Cardiff Council
265:Lavernock Point
261:Bristol Channel
234:.flatholmisland
230:
179:City and County
174:
121:
119:
115:
112:
107:
104:
102:
100:
99:
90:Bristol Channel
67:
55:
54:
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3797:
3795:
3787:
3786:
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3628:
3623:
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3613:
3607:
3605:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3563:St Catherine's
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3528:North Foreland
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3463:Hartland Point
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3384:
3382:
3376:
3375:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3356:
3349:
3341:
3335:
3334:
3329:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3290:
3289:External links
3287:
3286:
3285:
3279:
3262:
3256:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3234:
3213:
3187:
3162:
3141:
3126:
3115:
3097:
3067:
3053:
3042:on 9 June 2011
3020:
2985:
2950:
2938:
2927:on 9 June 2008
2908:
2899:
2877:
2851:
2830:
2800:
2778:
2767:on 9 June 2011
2748:
2723:
2696:
2667:
2658:|journal=
2635:
2608:
2570:
2544:
2518:
2509:|journal=
2481:
2445:
2442:. August 2002.
2425:
2410:
2391:
2380:. January 2014
2365:
2356:
2323:
2298:
2283:
2265:
2249:
2224:
2217:
2193:
2160:
2149:on 9 June 2008
2130:
2112:Sanders, Bob.
2101:
2082:
2071:on 9 June 2008
2052:
2037:
2026:on 9 June 2008
2007:
1982:
1954:
1939:
1921:
1896:
1893:: 91–92. 1979.
1881:
1874:
1857:
1827:
1793:
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1500:
1483:
1480:Severn Barrage
1466:
1451:
1440:
1437:
1421:Severn Barrage
1416:
1413:
1382:
1381:Sustainability
1379:
1273:Geranium molle
1205:
1202:
1193:
1190:
1169:
1166:
1158:bubonic plague
1110:
1107:
1073:
1070:
1050:Palliser shell
1014:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:Moncrieff pits
974:Queen Victoria
957:
954:
932:
929:
924:Main article:
921:
918:
916:
913:
830:Severn Estuary
813:
810:
773:
770:
720:
717:
692:William Preece
639:
636:
619:
616:
584:Cardiff Castle
498:
495:
483:purbeck marble
427:
424:
411:
408:
406:
403:
240:
239:
228:
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167:
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165:Administration
162:
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154:
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150:
146:
145:
142:
138:
137:
134:
130:
129:
97:
93:
92:
87:
83:
82:
78:
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69:
68:
65:
57:
56:
40:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3796:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
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3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3686:Strumble Head
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3651:St Ann's Head
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3616:Caldey Island
3614:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3604:
3600:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3543:Portland Bill
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
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3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3473:Hilbre Island
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3372:Trinity House
3369:
3362:
3357:
3355:
3350:
3348:
3343:
3342:
3339:
3333:
3332:Trinity House
3330:
3328:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3288:
3282:
3280:1-871184-25-8
3276:
3272:
3268:
3263:
3259:
3257:0-948699-50-7
3253:
3249:
3244:
3243:
3239:
3223:
3217:
3214:
3201:
3197:
3191:
3188:
3176:
3172:
3166:
3163:
3151:
3145:
3142:
3137:
3130:
3127:
3124:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3109:
3106:
3101:
3098:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3071:
3068:
3063:
3057:
3054:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3024:
3021:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2989:
2986:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2954:
2951:
2947:
2942:
2939:
2926:
2922:
2921:Peony Society
2918:
2912:
2909:
2903:
2900:
2888:
2881:
2878:
2866:
2862:
2855:
2852:
2840:
2834:
2831:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2804:
2801:
2796:
2792:
2791:Land Register
2788:
2782:
2779:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2752:
2749:
2737:
2733:
2727:
2724:
2711:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2697:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2671:
2668:
2663:
2650:
2639:
2636:
2623:
2619:
2612:
2609:
2604:
2592:
2584:
2577:
2575:
2571:
2558:
2554:
2548:
2545:
2532:
2528:
2522:
2519:
2514:
2501:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2446:
2441:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2421:
2414:
2411:
2406:
2402:
2395:
2392:
2379:
2375:
2369:
2366:
2360:
2357:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2327:
2324:
2312:
2308:
2302:
2299:
2294:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2277:
2274:
2269:
2266:
2261:
2253:
2250:
2238:
2234:
2228:
2225:
2220:
2218:0-8137-2370-1
2214:
2210:
2206:
2205:
2197:
2194:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2164:
2161:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2134:
2131:
2119:
2115:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2097:
2093:
2086:
2083:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2056:
2053:
2048:
2041:
2038:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2011:
2008:
1996:
1992:
1986:
1983:
1971:
1967:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1950:
1943:
1940:
1935:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1910:
1906:
1900:
1897:
1892:
1889:"Flat Holm".
1885:
1882:
1877:
1875:0-902466-14-3
1871:
1867:
1861:
1858:
1846:on 7 May 2008
1845:
1841:
1837:
1831:
1828:
1823:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1794:
1778:
1774:
1768:
1765:
1760:
1753:
1750:
1745:
1738:
1735:
1730:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1692:
1689:
1673:
1666:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1650:
1642:
1639:
1634:
1632:0-902466-14-3
1628:
1624:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1575:
1572:
1565:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1542:
1537:
1534:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1512:Iolo Williams
1509:
1505:
1501:
1498:
1494:
1493:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1461:presented by
1460:
1456:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1398:
1391:
1387:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1375:Boreray sheep
1372:
1368:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1335:Larus marinus
1332:
1328:
1324:
1323:herring gulls
1320:
1316:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1253:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1229:There are no
1225:
1221:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1172:In 1975, the
1167:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1145:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1115:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1086:4.5-inch guns
1083:
1079:
1072:Radar station
1071:
1069:
1062:
1061:Moncrieff pit
1057:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1018:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
998:
997:
996:
993:
991:
987:
983:
979:
978:Prince Albert
975:
967:
962:
955:
953:
950:
946:
937:
930:
927:
919:
914:
912:
910:
906:
902:
898:
893:
889:
885:
880:
876:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
845:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
818:
811:
809:
807:
803:
798:
796:
792:
788:
778:
771:
769:
767:
763:
760:
755:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
732:
730:
726:
718:
716:
714:
708:
706:
702:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
668:
666:
661:
657:
649:
644:
635:
633:
624:
617:
615:
613:
608:
604:
600:
596:
591:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
556:
550:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
511:
507:
506:Bradanreolice
503:
496:
494:
492:
488:
484:
476:
471:
467:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
425:
423:
421:
417:
409:
404:
402:
400:
396:
392:
391:Larus marinus
388:
384:
380:
379:herring gulls
376:
372:
368:
367:
362:
361:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
335:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
316:Trinity House
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
272:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
237:
229:
225:
220:
216:
212:
207:
203:
199:
196:
193:
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187:
184:
181:
177:
173:
168:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
126:
98:
94:
91:
88:
84:
79:
75:
70:
63:
58:
51:
44:
39:Native name:
36:
30:
19:
3723:Europa Point
3676:South Bishop
3583:Trevose Head
3553:St Anthony's
3548:Round Island
3266:
3247:
3225:. Retrieved
3216:
3204:. Retrieved
3200:the original
3190:
3178:. Retrieved
3174:
3165:
3153:. Retrieved
3144:
3135:
3129:
3118:
3100:
3088:. Retrieved
3084:the original
3079:
3070:
3056:
3044:. Retrieved
3037:the original
3032:
3023:
3007:10.2307/5607
2998:
2994:
2988:
2963:
2959:
2953:
2945:
2941:
2929:. Retrieved
2925:the original
2920:
2911:
2902:
2890:. Retrieved
2880:
2868:. Retrieved
2865:Wales Online
2864:
2854:
2842:. Retrieved
2833:
2821:. Retrieved
2817:the original
2812:
2803:
2795:the original
2790:
2781:
2769:. Retrieved
2765:the original
2760:
2751:
2739:. Retrieved
2735:
2726:
2714:. Retrieved
2687:. Retrieved
2679:
2670:
2649:cite journal
2638:
2626:. Retrieved
2621:
2611:
2582:
2561:. Retrieved
2556:
2547:
2535:. Retrieved
2531:the original
2521:
2500:cite journal
2472:. Retrieved
2464:
2439:
2419:
2413:
2404:
2400:
2394:
2382:. Retrieved
2377:
2368:
2359:
2347:. Retrieved
2340:the original
2335:
2326:
2314:. Retrieved
2310:
2301:
2292:
2286:
2268:
2258:
2252:
2240:. Retrieved
2236:
2227:
2203:
2196:
2184:. Retrieved
2177:the original
2172:
2163:
2151:. Retrieved
2147:the original
2142:
2133:
2121:. Retrieved
2117:
2095:
2091:
2085:
2073:. Retrieved
2069:the original
2064:
2055:
2046:
2040:
2028:. Retrieved
2024:the original
2019:
2010:
1998:. Retrieved
1994:
1985:
1973:. Retrieved
1969:
1948:
1942:
1933:
1912:. Retrieved
1908:
1899:
1890:
1884:
1865:
1860:
1848:. Retrieved
1844:the original
1839:
1830:
1821:
1784:. Retrieved
1777:the original
1767:
1758:
1752:
1743:
1737:
1728:
1708:. Retrieved
1700:
1691:
1679:. Retrieved
1665:
1657:
1648:
1641:
1622:
1598:. Retrieved
1584:
1574:
1533:Wales portal
1507:
1490:
1473:
1458:
1453:In 1979 the
1445:
1433:
1418:
1409:wind turbine
1405:solar arrays
1402:photovoltaic
1399:
1395:
1390:Photovoltaic
1364:
1357:
1355:
1350:
1342:
1334:
1326:
1319:Larus fuscus
1318:
1312:
1297:World War II
1292:
1284:
1272:
1263:
1256:
1250:
1246:
1238:
1228:
1207:
1195:
1178:Crown Estate
1171:
1152:
1142:
1122:
1120:
1090:searchlights
1078:World War II
1075:
1066:
1023:
994:
971:
942:
881:
877:
861:Barry, Wales
857:Sully Island
846:
834:Mendip Hills
823:
806:Bay of Fundy
799:
783:
765:
762:Norman Queen
761:
757:In 1938 the
756:
739:
733:
724:
722:
711:network and
709:
669:
653:
629:
592:
562:, mother of
553:
551:
534:
530:
509:
505:
502:Anglo-Saxons
500:
487:Celtic cross
479:
442:born in the
440:Saint Gildas
429:
413:
398:
390:
382:
375:Larus fuscus
374:
364:
358:
336:
332:World War II
273:
244:
243:
209:Demographics
201:Capital city
171:
29:
3681:South Stack
3656:St Tudwal's
3646:Point Lynas
3573:Start Point
3508:Lundy South
3503:Lundy North
3478:Hurst Point
3448:Flamborough
3408:Bishop Rock
3398:Beachy Head
3388:Anvil Point
3368:Lighthouses
2885:M. Grieve.
2599:|work=
2332:"Flat Holm"
2186:3 September
2139:"Middlesex"
1475:Countryfile
1425:John Hutton
1367:myxomatosis
1266:Augustinian
1153:Blue Jacket
1094:40mm Bofors
1059:Cannon and
964:Moncrieff '
802:tidal range
752:ship's mate
656:John Ashley
578:formed the
497:Middle Ages
436:Saint Cadoc
326:, known as
280:Saint Cadoc
120: /
96:Coordinates
3748:Categories
3728:Les Hanois
3641:Nash Point
3468:Heugh Hill
3428:Crow Point
3413:Bull Point
3403:Berry Head
3175:News Wales
2870:16 October
2787:"Wa074307"
1681:23 January
1600:4 November
1566:References
1560:Steep Holm
1371:Soay sheep
1289:wild peony
1247:Sedum acre
1151:on the SS
1144:The Lancet
1135:sanatorium
1123:Rishanglys
842:Steep Holm
838:Mesolithic
795:The Wolves
791:Steep Holm
768:was lost.
744:The Wolves
719:Shipwrecks
701:Morse Code
688:telegraphy
612:Henry VIII
460:Steep Holm
452:Cor Tewdws
416:Bronze Age
410:Bronze Age
312:lighthouse
288:sanatorium
276:Bronze Age
253:Ynys Echni
214:Population
105:51°22′37″N
43:Ynys Echni
18:Flat Holme
3705:Gibraltar
3631:Monkstone
3593:Wolf Rock
3568:Southwold
3518:Nab Tower
3498:Lowestoft
3493:Longstone
3488:Longships
3438:Eddystone
3433:Dungeness
3248:Flat Holm
2689:2 October
2601:ignored (
2591:cite book
2553:"Radar#2"
2474:2 October
2242:27 August
2143:Pastscape
2065:Pastscape
2047:The Times
2020:Pastscape
1710:2 October
1595:0362-4331
1492:Torchwood
1149:Marseille
931:Farmhouse
915:Buildings
909:smuggling
899:from the
772:Geography
766:Middlesex
759:steamship
748:Waterford
632:smuggling
607:sandstone
595:potsherds
564:Harold II
515:Old Norse
454:) in the
432:sub-Roman
426:Sub-Roman
395:slowworms
308:Lavernock
245:Flat Holm
190:Community
108:3°07′19″W
81:Geography
33:Flat Holm
3718:Casquets
3713:Alderney
3691:Trwyn Du
3666:Skokholm
3661:Skerries
3626:Holyhead
3621:Flatholm
3578:Tater Du
3538:Peninnis
3393:Bamburgh
3323:Archived
3180:26 April
3108:Archived
3090:14 April
3046:12 April
2931:26 April
2892:12 April
2771:14 April
2741:14 April
2716:12 April
2628:14 April
2384:12 April
2349:29 April
2316:29 April
2276:Archived
2153:14 April
2123:14 April
2075:14 April
2030:14 April
2016:"Tapley"
2000:24 April
1975:12 April
1786:14 April
1519:See also
1308:Slowworm
1046:cascabel
1038:Woolwich
901:Triassic
853:Mesozoic
676:wireless
660:Clevedon
523:Brittany
304:wireless
195:Butetown
86:Location
3636:Mumbles
3611:Bardsey
3558:St Bees
3533:Pendeen
3523:Needles
3453:Godrevy
3380:England
3227:28 June
3206:28 June
3155:28 June
2980:3676539
2844:17 June
2823:6 April
2680:Coflein
2537:19 June
2465:Coflein
2098:. 1817.
1701:Coflein
1489:series
1485:In the
1277:anodyne
1231:endemic
1139:cholera
1127:cholera
1103:helipad
905:karstic
888:borings
812:Geology
684:Penarth
648:Marconi
599:middens
568:St Omer
547:Watchet
539:Ragnall
510:Reolice
430:In the
405:History
320:Bristol
296:Cardiff
292:cholera
267:in the
255:) is a
204:Cardiff
183:Cardiff
3703:&
3671:Smalls
3588:Whitby
3483:Lizard
3423:Cromer
3418:Coquet
3277:
3254:
3013:
2978:
2684:RCAHMW
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