348:, and a sewage trench that was dug across the site in the 1970s have caused much irretrievable damage. Over the decades, an area of 650 x 600 m (comprising about 40 insulae) has been excavated to some degree, although much of the finds are not visible today because the areas were reclaimed for agriculture or buried under modern buildings. A considerable piece of land which geoprospection has shown to harbor ruins has been placed under government protection. However, the full extent of the ancient city is still unknown.
229:
80:
55:
68:
91:
river that should later become Flavia Solva was founded around year 15 while
Noricum was still a Roman protectorate. This precursor consisted of a small cluster of wooden buildings, and did not follow a grand layout plan. It is believed that the Celtic element in its population came from the hill
343:
Flavia Solva has been a major focus for
Austrian archaeology since the early 20th century; unfortunately (but typically) because construction activity constantly precipitated emergency digs. Road construction, the expansion of nearby
182:. However, the wealth of Flavia Solva seems to have been derived more from agriculture than from trade, and was relatively modest. In the Roman sources known to today's historians the city is mentioned only once, in
311:
where they established a new fortified settlement. The associated cemetery, which was identified only in the 1990s, is the largest from this latest Roman times known to exist in the eastern Alpine region.
298:
Flavia Solva lost much of its importance during the late 4th century when the region suffered more incursions. The city was destroyed again in 405 (most probably during the
Germanic invasion of Italy by
315:
The ruins of Flavia Solva were still a landmark during the Middle Ages although its origins were long forgotten, and they served the population as convenient quarries for construction material. The
127:. The construction activity that followed resulted in an almost entirely new city of stone buildings, with a layout that approximated the ideal of a Roman provincial municipium: rectangular
244:
as the typical form of aristocratic countryside residence and agricultural cultivation, when its peaceful development was ended by its first destruction in 166. At this time the
403:
323:, precipitated renewed interest in Roman history. During the 19th century, many gravestones and a considerable amount of stone artwork was incorporated in the nearby
307:
suggest that a residual settlement must have remained at least until the 450s. At this time, most of the remaining population had moved back uphill to the
559:
384:
A tergo
Carnorum et Iapudum, qua se fert magnus Hister, Raetis iunguntur Norici. Oppida eorum Virunum, Celeia, Teurnia, Aguntum, Iuvaum, omnia Claudia,
574:
291:, and flourished again a few decades later. By the early 3rd century, the city had a well-organized public fire brigade as evidenced by the
355:
with three finger holes, presumably a shepherd's instrument, was excavated in such a well-preserved state that it can be played today.
131:(sized about 60 by 70 meters) within a grid of broad (ca. 6 m) gravel-paved streets. Some of the apartment houses in these blocks had
520:
477:
463:
453:
507:
489:
399:
494:
512:
429:
564:
502:
499:
469:
359:
188:
175:
124:
96:
which had a tradition tracing back to neolithic ages. Very few remains from this phase have been found.
458:
Hesch O, Wanderwege in die Antike. Auf
Spurensuche in und um Flavia Solva. Styria Verlag, Wien (2004).
115:
which might have referred to the
Frauenberg settlement (which remained important as a worship site for
425:
249:
135:
heating, similar to what is known from comparable Roman cities; however, Flavia Solva had neither an
287:
Flavia Solva was rebuilt (though originally much smaller) under Marcus
Aurelius's son and successor
228:
448:
Pleyel P, Das römische Österreich. Geschichte Österreichs, Band I. Pichler Verlag, Wien (2002).
240:
Flavia Solva and its surroundings had developed a modest degree of provincial luxury, with the
473:
459:
449:
569:
331:, a local parish priest and amateur historian, identified the site near the modern city of
277:
183:
108:
324:
143:(apparently the only one in Noricum) consisted of wooden benches on stone foundations.
136:
79:
553:
328:
241:
163:
24:
146:
The city was situated at the crossings of a Roman road connecting
Poetovia (modern
140:
200:
The administrative district of Flavia Solva covered much of what today is central
99:
Shortly after the annexation of
Noricum as a Roman province, the place was made a
67:
508:
Combined High
Resolution Magnetics and GPR Surveys of the Roman Town Flavia Solva
500:
Overlay of Flavia Solva excavations on satellite image and geoprospection results
220:
in the East. In spite of its important local role, the city was never fortified.
320:
316:
54:
300:
273:
245:
20:
535:
522:
468:
Pelzl B (ed.), Die Römer 2004. Interessantus est: Bilder einer Ausstellung.
261:
253:
132:
104:
88:
72:
32:
83:
Foundations of a house in Flavia Solva showing the hypocaust heating system
332:
288:
281:
265:
205:
179:
151:
40:
304:
269:
217:
209:
171:
167:
128:
44:
28:
276:
along the eastern fringe of the Alps, and could be stopped by emperor
257:
233:
201:
159:
48:
363:
358:
The Styrian exhibition of 2004 had its focus on Flavia Solva. The
352:
345:
327:
where they can still be seen. However, it was not until 1845 that
227:
213:
78:
66:
53:
36:
166:
with a minor trade route connecting the administrative center at
155:
147:
120:
75:, representing the state of research in 2004. (North is up)
280:'s hastily assembled militia only shortly before reaching
495:
Noricum, its cities and traffic routes in the 2nd century
51:. It is the only Roman city in modern Austrian Styria.
303:), but some isolated finds referring to emperor
272:using the Roman road system tracing the ancient
58:Covered Foundation walls of a Roman house (2013)
31:. It was situated on the western banks of the
87:The Celto-Roman dwelling on the banks of the
8:
204:. Its approximate borders probably were the
382:Pliny simply lists the cities in Noricum:
139:nor canalization. The 80 x 35 m ellipsoid
71:Schematic model of Flavia Solva with the
375:
406:from the original on November 15, 2011
224:Destructions, decline, and rediscovery
35:river, close to the modern cities of
7:
170:in the Carinthian basin across the
366:maintains a permanent exhibition.
14:
560:Roman towns and cities in Austria
295:membership list dating from 205.
335:as the remains of Flavia Solva.
575:Archaeological sites in Austria
400:"Knochenflöte aus Flavia Solva"
252:between the fortifications of
236:'s tombstone from Flavia Solva
123:cult), or to the nearby river
1:
430:Graz University of Technology
43:in the southern parts of the
216:in the South, and the river
208:mountains in the North, the
196:Role in Roman administration
119:, a local adaptation of the
513:The Joanneum - Flavia Solva
192:(Vol. 3, chapter 24, 146).
103:around year 70 by emperor
591:
490:From Flavia Solva to Wagna
264:, penetrated northwestern
107:who added the name of his
470:Manumedia Schnider Verlag
92:settlement on the nearby
536:46.766744°N 15.567417°E
212:in the West, the river
237:
84:
76:
59:
319:period, and later on
231:
154:) to Ovilava (modern
82:
70:
63:Foundation and layout
57:
541:46.766744; 15.567417
293:Tabula Centonariorum
248:breached the Danube
565:Geography of Styria
532: /
402:. Austria-Lexikon.
339:Modern excavations
238:
189:Naturalis historia
111:to the local name
85:
77:
60:
582:
547:
546:
544:
543:
542:
537:
533:
530:
529:
528:
525:
441:
440:
438:
436:
422:
416:
415:
413:
411:
396:
390:
386:Flavium Solvense
380:
174:and through the
590:
589:
585:
584:
583:
581:
580:
579:
550:
549:
540:
538:
534:
531:
526:
523:
521:
519:
518:
486:
472:, Graz (2004).
445:
444:
434:
432:
424:
423:
419:
409:
407:
398:
397:
393:
381:
377:
372:
341:
278:Marcus Aurelius
226:
198:
184:Pliny the Elder
109:Flavian dynasty
65:
12:
11:
5:
588:
586:
578:
577:
572:
567:
562:
552:
551:
516:
515:
510:
505:
497:
492:
485:
484:External links
482:
481:
480:
466:
456:
443:
442:
417:
391:
374:
373:
371:
368:
340:
337:
325:Schloss Seggau
225:
222:
197:
194:
64:
61:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
587:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
557:
555:
548:
545:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
487:
483:
479:
478:3-902020-27-X
475:
471:
467:
465:
464:3-222-13141-4
461:
457:
455:
454:3-85431-293-8
451:
447:
446:
431:
427:
421:
418:
405:
401:
395:
392:
388:
387:
379:
376:
369:
367:
365:
361:
356:
354:
349:
347:
338:
336:
334:
330:
329:Richard Knabl
326:
322:
318:
313:
310:
306:
302:
296:
294:
290:
285:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
242:villa rustica
235:
230:
223:
221:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
195:
193:
191:
190:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
164:Upper Austria
161:
157:
153:
149:
144:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
97:
95:
90:
81:
74:
69:
62:
56:
52:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
25:ancient Roman
22:
18:
517:
435:13 September
433:. Retrieved
420:
408:. Retrieved
394:
385:
383:
378:
357:
350:
342:
314:
308:
297:
292:
286:
268:and eastern
239:
199:
187:
145:
141:amphitheatre
116:
112:
100:
98:
93:
86:
47:province of
27:province of
17:Flavia Solva
16:
15:
539: /
321:Romanticism
317:Renaissance
176:Sulm valley
117:Isis Noreia
554:Categories
527:15°34′03″E
524:46°46′00″N
410:8 February
370:References
309:Frauenberg
301:Radagaisus
274:Amber Road
246:Marcomanni
158:) and the
101:municipium
94:Frauenberg
21:municipium
262:Carnuntum
254:Vindobona
133:hypocaust
105:Vespasian
73:Mur river
503:Archived
404:Archived
360:Joanneum
333:Leibnitz
289:Commodus
282:Aquileia
266:Pannonia
256:(modern
232:A Roman
206:Eisenerz
180:Pannonia
152:Slovenia
137:aqueduct
45:Austrian
41:Leibnitz
570:Noricum
351:A bone
305:Marcian
270:Noricum
218:Lafnitz
210:Koralpe
172:Koralpe
168:Virunum
129:insulae
29:Noricum
23:in the
476:
462:
452:
260:) and
258:Vienna
234:scribe
202:Styria
160:Danube
49:Styria
19:was a
364:Wagna
353:flute
346:Wagna
250:limes
113:Solva
37:Wagna
474:ISBN
460:ISBN
450:ISBN
437:2010
412:2011
214:Drau
156:Wels
148:Ptuj
125:Sulm
121:Isis
39:and
426:"?"
362:at
186:'s
178:to
162:in
150:in
89:Mur
33:Mur
556::
428:.
284:.
439:.
414:.
389:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
