161:
1219:
381:
317:
303:
2359:
860:
984:
793:
2030:
32:
348:
2023:
Strobel, Kartl (2012): "Das Regnum
Noricum, die sogenannte Norische Münzprägung und Rom: Frühe Kontakte als Vorspiel von Annexion und Romanisierung – Fiktion oder Realität? Mit einem Appendix zur Noreia-Frage" in "Archaeologia Austriaca" Vol. 96. pp.
2394:
2389:
1520:, because the ancient borders were similar to those of the new state, which—at the time—did not wish to be considered the heir of the Habsburg monarchy, but an independent, neutral and peaceful state.
602:
2098:
1286:. Noricum became a key ally of the Roman Republic, providing high-quality weapons and tools in exchange for military protection. This was demonstrated in 113 BC, when
1709:"Ein römerzeitlisches Keramikgefäs au Ptuj (Pettau, Poetovio) in Slowien mit Inschrift in unbekanntem Alphabet und epichorischer (vermutlich keltischer) Sprache"
1012:
607:
2358:
1838:"The province of Noricum Ripense extended along the right or southern bank of the Danube, between the river and the Noric Alps, and was bounded on one side by
1392:. It was in this time (304 AD) that a Christian serving as a military officer in the province suffered martyrdom for the sake of his faith, later canonised as
1380:("landlocked Noricum", the southern, more mountainous district). The dividing line ran along the central part of the eastern Alps. Each division was under a
1264:(S. Noricum) fulfilled both criteria particularly well. The Noricum discovered their ore made superior steel around 500 BC and built a major steel industry.
821:
2050:
1798:
673:
1346:(41–54) the Noricum Kingdom was ultimately incorporated into the Roman Empire apparently without offering resistance. It was not until the reign of
1667:
From a statement of
Polybius, in his own time in consequence of the great output of gold from a mine in Noricum, gold lost one-third of its value.
1850:—the district included in the modern province of Carinthia in Austria. Noricum Mediterraneum lay directly to the south, beyond the Noric Alps."
1177:, has shown that a vigorous civilization was in the area centuries before recorded history. The graves contained weapons and ornaments from the
2429:
1748:
1989:
1774:
1652:
1291:
1170:, the Romans introduced water management and the already important trade relations between the people north and south of the Alps increased.
882:
2409:
2091:
744:
2424:
2404:
1271:, a major production and trading centre, specialised blacksmiths crafted metal products and weapons. The finished arms were exported to
1723:
2434:
2419:
2045:
1930:
1559:
2017:
2414:
1005:
957:
115:
1306:
Noricum was incorporated into the Roman Empire in 16 BC. For a long time previously, the
Noricans had enjoyed independence under
814:
754:
531:
2071:
1252:
was too soft for tools and weapons. Ore from
Noricum, by contrast, could yield a superior product. The ore needed to be rich in
2084:
1166:
The inhabitants developed a culture rich in art, salt mining, cattle breeding, and agriculture. When part of the area became a
331:
278:
1471:
1389:
1231:
962:
769:
729:
714:
53:
734:
718:
2303:
1500:, providing material for analogies for this process in other regions where primary sources from the period are lacking.
998:
839:
786:
764:
2181:
1131:
The country is mountainous and rich in iron and salt. It supplied material for the manufacturing of arms in
Pannonia,
807:
774:
749:
739:
724:
360:
96:
1901:
Geschichte des regulirten
Chorherrn-Stiftes St. Florian: ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Landes Österreich ob der Enns
1765:
Eska, Joseph F. & Evans, D. Ellis (2009). "Continental Celtic". In Ball, Martin J. & Müller, Nicole (eds.).
68:
2288:
1852:
1690:
1327:
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42:
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2146:
1181:, through the period of transition, up to the Hallstatt culture, i.e., the fully developed older period of the
645:
75:
49:
20:
1151:, "a Noric sword"). Gold and salt were found in considerable quantities. The plant called saliunca (the wild
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2216:
2131:
2121:
691:
630:
1790:
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82:
2161:
1124:. Around 450 BC, they merged with the people of other areas in the south-western regions of Germany and
310:
1218:
2298:
2191:
1496:
1323:
1104:) to the south. The kingdom was founded around 400 BC, and had its capital at the royal residence at
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564:
1205:, neither of which provide enough information for any conclusions about the nature of the language.
64:
2196:
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1740:
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438:
160:
1330:. Thereafter, Noricum was called a province, although it was not organized as such and remained a
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2241:
2236:
1878:
1600:
1361:) was stationed in Noricum, and the commander of the legion became the governor of the province.
1101:
937:
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927:
635:
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404:
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2004:
1676:
1125:
2076:
1512:, the last prime minister of Imperial Austria, proposed to give the young republic the name of
1256:(an element which remains essential in modern steelmaking processes), and contain little or no
2368:
Italy was never constituted as a province, instead retaining a special juridical status until
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of their own and carried on commerce with the Romans. In 48 BC they took the side of
1268:
1109:
942:
640:
89:
1583:
Mackensen, Michael (1975). "The state of research on the 'Norican' silver coinage".
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2008:
1244:. The strength of steel is determined by its composition and heat treatment. The
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From 200 BC, the
Noricum tribes gradually united into a kingdom, known as the
1257:
1227:
1178:
897:
478:
456:
1489:
The transition from Roman to barbarian rule in
Noricum is well documented in
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1490:
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1089:
650:
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1856:
1064:
name for the kingdom or federation of tribes that included most of modern
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were made of the best-quality steel then available from this region, the
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902:
877:
460:
428:
418:
2054:. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 748.
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1547:
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Knowledge of Roman
Noricum has been decisively expanded by the work of
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Around 800 BC, the region was inhabited mostly by the people of the
1085:
1081:
422:
1857:"Eugippius and the Closing Years of the Province of Noricum Ripense"
1873:
2035:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1438:
1217:
1155:, a relative of the lavender) grew in abundance and was used as a
1061:
468:
400:
1372:("Noricum along the river", the northern part southward from the
1454:
1226:
The kingdom of
Noricum was a major provider of weaponry for the
1198:
2080:
1707:
Eichner, Heiner; Istenič, Janka & Lovenjak, Milan (1994).
25:
1965:
Zum Wohle Österreichs. Vor 90 Jahren starb Heinrich Lammasch,
1040:
1947:
Der Österreichbegriff und sein Wandel im Lauf der Geschichte
213:• Divided to Noricum Ripense and Noricum Mediterraneum
1173:
Archaeological research, particularly in the cemeteries of
1049:
1318:. In 16 BC, having joined with the Pannonians in invading
2072:
Noricum, its cities and traffic routes in the 2nd century
1647:. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. p. 218.
1043:
2395:
States and territories disestablished in the 5th century
2390:
States and territories established in the 1st century BC
165:
The province of Noricum in 125, in the reign of emperor
1197:
is attested in only fragmentary inscriptions, one from
1294:
led an army over the Alps to attack the tribes at the
1139:
was largely used in the making of Roman weapons (e.g.
1528:
Episcopal sees of Noricum that are now listed in the
1046:
1037:
1675:. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. p.
1672:
The Origin of Metallic Currency and Weight Standards
1052:
1034:
226:
211:
201:
187:
173:
130:
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2018:Mining and Metallurgy in the Greek and Roman World
1769:(second ed.). London: Routledge. p. 42.
1290:invaded Noricum. In response, the Roman consul
2092:
1006:
815:
608:History of Austria-Hungary during World War I
8:
1846:(Aenus) and on the other by the confines of
1623:The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History
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2085:
2077:
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999:
833:
822:
808:
354:
159:
127:
1949:, in: Marktgemeinde Neuhofen/Ybbs (ed.):
1872:
1702:
1700:
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
1399:The Roman colonies and chief towns were
1260:, which weakens steel. The ore mined in
346:
1903:(in German). Linz: Haslinger. pp.
1575:
1338:, yet under the control of an imperial
1072:. In the first century AD, it became a
847:
836:
368:
357:
172:
1760:
1758:
1729:from the original on 22 December 2015.
232:'s conquest and incorporated with his
203:• Incorporated into the province
1951:Ostarrichi Gedenkstätte Neuhofen/Ybbs
1282:, with its capital at a place called
883:Slavic settlement of the Eastern Alps
351:Roman province of Noricum highlighted
250:
246:
225:
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182:
7:
2108:Provinces of the early Roman Empire
1368:(245–313), Noricum was divided into
1275:, a Roman colony founded in 180 BC.
54:adding citations to reliable sources
1925:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1222:Coin of Noricum, mid-2nd century BC
1801:from the original on 29 June 2008.
1751:from the original on 29 June 2008.
1560:List of Roman governors of Noricum
14:
1984:(Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013
1135:, and northern Italy. The famous
958:World War II in the Slovene Lands
2357:
2028:
1992:), "Sedi titolari", pp. 819–1013
1795:Encyclopédie de l'arbre celtique
1745:Encyclopédie de l'arbre celtique
1096:to the east and south-east, and
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603:Assassination of Franz Ferdinand
532:Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg
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2013:. Routledge & K. Paul, 1974
41:needs additional citations for
1390:Praetorian prefecture of Italy
963:Socialist Republic of Slovenia
1:
2430:Provinces of the Roman Empire
1597:10.1080/00438243.1975.9979607
1342:. Under the reign of Emperor
217:
1999:General and cited references
1923:The Fall of the Roman Empire
2410:Ancient history of Slovenia
1953:, no date (1980), pp. 32–41
1384:, and both belonged to the
2451:
2425:Illyricum (Roman province)
2405:Ancient history of Austria
2020:, Thames and Hudson, 1978.
1669:Ridgeway, William (1892).
626:Republic of German-Austria
434:Odoacer's Kingdom of Italy
18:
2435:Slovenia in the Roman era
2420:Historical Celtic peoples
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1314:in the civil war against
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2147:Alpes Graiae et Poeninae
1982:Annuario Pontificio 2013
1322:, they were defeated by
1214:Steel for Roman weaponry
697:Second Austrian Republic
646:Federal State of Austria
21:Noricum (disambiguation)
16:Polity in modern Austria
2294:Mauretania Caesariensis
2051:Encyclopædia Britannica
1441:) in today's Slovenia,
1080:. Its borders were the
692:Allied-occupied Austria
631:First Austrian Republic
2267:Hispania Tarraconensis
1791:"Tuile de Grafenstein"
1223:
494:Margraviate of Austria
352:
1625:. Macmillan. p.
1486:of the 19th century.
1378:Noricum mediterraneum
1292:Gnaeus Papirius Carbo
1221:
350:
311:Noricum Mediterraneum
2299:Mauretania Tingitana
2192:Corsica and Sardinia
2132:Africa proconsularis
1767:The Celtic languages
1465:at the mouth of the
1386:diocese of Illyricum
1324:Publius Silius Nerva
973:Republic of Slovenia
580:German Confederation
565:Archduchy of Austria
50:improve this article
19:For other uses, see
2197:Crete and Cyrenaica
2172:Bithynia and Pontus
1945:Anna Maria Drabek,
1861:Classical Philology
1820:Buchwald (2005) 115
1811:Buchwald (2005) 124
1531:Annuario Pontificio
1421:Spittal an der Drau
1116:Area and population
989:Slovenia portal
559:Early modern period
439:Ostrogothic Kingdom
131:Province of Noricum
2284:Lycia et Pamphylia
2262:Hispania Lusitania
2242:Gallia Narbonensis
2237:Gallia Lugdunensis
1972:, 18 February 2010
1853:Mierow, Charles C.
1716:Arheološki Vestnik
1691:Naturalis Historia
1504:In modern politics
1334:with the title of
1224:
1102:Venetia et Histria
938:Kingdom of Illyria
933:Illyrian Provinces
798:Austria portal
674:National Socialism
547:Duchy of Carinthia
499:House of Babenberg
405:Kingdom of Noricum
353:
284:Kingdom of Noricum
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2329:Pannonia Superior
2324:Pannonia Inferior
2252:Germania Superior
2247:Germania Inferior
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1990:978-88-209-9070-1
1848:Pannonia Superior
1776:978-0-415-42279-6
1654:978-0-19-815010-7
1645:The Ancient Celts
1585:World Archaeology
1514:Norische Republik
1510:Heinrich Lammasch
1250:Greco-Roman world
1122:Hallstatt culture
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1867:(2): 166–187.
1840:Raetia Secunda
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1482:, an Austrian
1469:, the ancient
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1195:Noric language
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2137:Alpes Cottiae
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2037:public domain
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1158:
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1149:Noricus ensis
1147:, i.16.9-10:
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1110:Magdalensberg
1107:
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1092:to the west,
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641:Austrofascism
639:
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390:Early history
387:
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234:Italian Realm
231:
216:
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193:
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186:
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168:
162:
157:
152:
149:
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129:
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67: –
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
2318:
2271:
2049:
2009:
2005:Géza Alföldy
1981:
1977:
1969:
1964:
1958:
1950:
1946:
1941:
1922:
1913:
1900:
1897:Stülz, Jodok
1891:
1864:
1860:
1834:
1825:
1816:
1807:
1794:
1785:
1766:
1744:
1735:
1719:
1715:
1689:
1685:
1671:
1663:
1644:
1635:
1622:
1613:
1588:
1584:
1578:
1536:titular sees
1529:
1527:
1517:
1513:
1507:
1494:
1488:
1477:
1470:
1458:
1450:
1442:
1434:
1426:Flavia Solva
1424:
1414:
1400:
1398:
1377:
1369:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1335:
1305:
1277:
1266:
1246:wrought iron
1239:
1236:Roman swords
1232:mid-Republic
1225:
1192:
1172:
1165:
1148:
1144:
1130:
1119:
1078:Roman Empire
1068:and part of
1025:
1024:
918:Windic March
893:Samo's Realm
876: /
873:
872: /
785:
668:World War II
489:East Francia
414:
266:Succeeded by
265:
260:
148:Roman Empire
112:
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
2372:'s reforms.
2304:Mesopotamia
2068:(in German)
1722:: 131–142.
1694:xxi. 20.43)
1203:Grafenstein
1137:Noric steel
968:Ten-Day War
849:History of
597:World War I
516:Middle Ages
370:History of
261:Preceded by
106:August 2013
2384:Categories
2370:Diocletian
2182:Cappadocia
1970:Die Furche
1484:epigrapher
1411:Klagenfurt
1407:Maria Saal
1366:Diocletian
1340:procurator
1302:Roman rule
1258:phosphorus
1228:Roman army
1179:Bronze Age
898:Carantania
755:Liberalism
479:Carantania
457:Marcomanni
221: 296
76:newspapers
2289:Macedonia
2177:Britannia
1844:river Inn
1571:Citations
1538:include:
1508:In 1919,
1491:Eugippius
1459:Lauriacum
1350:that the
1328:Illyricum
1262:Carinthia
1254:manganese
1234:onwards.
1230:from the
1175:Hallstatt
1090:Vindelici
1060:) is the
651:Anschluss
636:Civil War
465:Baiuvarii
411:Roman Era
192:Antiquity
154:16 BC–476
65:"Noricum"
2212:Dalmatia
2127:Aegyptus
2110:(117 AD)
1921:(2005).
1899:(1835).
1855:(1915).
1842:and the
1799:Archived
1749:Archived
1724:Archived
1643:(1997).
1621:(2010).
1554:See also
1495:Life of
1447:Salzburg
1431:Leibnitz
1344:Claudius
1288:Teutones
1273:Aquileia
1189:Language
1183:Iron Age
1094:Pannonia
1074:province
1070:Slovenia
903:Carneola
878:Pannonia
851:Slovenia
840:a series
838:Part of
787:Timeline
770:Hinduism
730:Football
461:Lombards
429:Rugiland
419:Pannonia
361:a series
359:Part of
144:Province
2400:Noricum
2349:Thracia
2339:Sicilia
2319:Noricum
2222:Galatia
2187:Cilicia
2167:Assyria
2157:Armenia
2066:Noricum
2046:Noricum
2039::
2010:Noricum
1565:Varisci
1548:Virunum
1543:Aguntum
1451:Ovilava
1443:Juvavum
1416:Teurnia
1402:Virunum
1388:in the
1382:praeses
1376:), and
1359:Italica
1332:kingdom
1320:Histria
1308:princes
1209:History
1157:perfume
1108:on the
1106:Virunum
1076:of the
1066:Austria
1026:Noricum
874:Noricum
735:Cricket
415:Noricum
372:Austria
230:Odoacer
228:•
178:Virunum
174:Capital
167:Hadrian
146:of the
90:scholar
2334:Raetia
2279:Iudaea
2273:Italia
2217:Epirus
2202:Cyprus
2122:Achaia
2033:
1988:
1929:
1883:261764
1881:
1773:
1651:
1605:124094
1603:
1472:Anisus
1435:Celeia
1429:(near
1419:(near
1405:(near
1374:Danube
1364:Under
1316:Pompey
1296:Noreia
1284:Noreia
1141:Horace
1133:Moesia
1098:Italia
1086:Raetia
1082:Danube
842:on the
765:Cinema
719:Vienna
709:Topics
423:Raetia
363:on the
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
2344:Syria
2207:Dacia
2024:11–34
1879:JSTOR
1727:(PDF)
1712:(PDF)
1601:JSTOR
1463:Lorch
1439:Celje
1062:Latin
888:Avars
870:Italy
775:Islam
760:Music
750:Radio
474:Avars
469:Suebi
401:Celts
207:16 BC
97:JSTOR
83:books
2162:Asia
1986:ISBN
1968:in:
1927:ISBN
1771:ISBN
1649:ISBN
1467:Enns
1455:Wels
1199:Ptuj
1193:The
1153:nard
1145:Odes
1088:and
715:Jews
69:news
2048:".
1905:2–3
1869:doi
1677:139
1627:407
1593:doi
1534:as
1516:or
1475:).
1457:),
1449:),
1433:),
1423:),
1413:),
1354:Pia
1267:At
239:476
52:by
2386::
2007:.
1877:.
1865:10
1863:.
1859:.
1797:.
1793:.
1757:^
1747:.
1743:.
1720:45
1714:.
1699:^
1599:.
1587:.
1493:'
1396:.
1298:.
1185:.
1163:.
1143:,
1128:.
1112:.
1041:ɒr
467:-
463:-
459:-
421:-
417:-
218:c.
2100:e
2093:t
2086:v
1935:.
1907:.
1885:.
1871::
1779:.
1679:.
1657:.
1629:.
1607:.
1595::
1589:6
1461:(
1453:(
1445:(
1437:(
1100:(
1056:/
1053:m
1050:ə
1047:k
1044:ɪ
1038:n
1035:ˈ
1032:/
1028:(
1014:e
1007:t
1000:v
823:e
816:t
809:v
721:)
717:(
425:)
413:(
407:)
403:(
169:.
119:)
113:(
108:)
104:(
94:·
87:·
80:·
73:·
46:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
