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needed, the flexor retinaculum is either completely severed or lengthened. Surgery to divide the flexor retinaculum is the most common procedure. The scar tissue will eventually fill the gap left by surgery. The intent is that this will lengthen the flexor retinaculum enough to accommodate inflamed or damaged tendons and reduce the effects of compression on the median nerve. In a 2004 double blind-study, researchers concluded that there was no perceivable benefit gained from lengthening the flexor retinaculum during surgery and so division of the ligament remains the preferred method of surgery.
256:. Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most commonly reported nerve entrapment syndrome. It is often associated with repetitive motions of the wrist and fingers. It is because of this that pianists, meat cutters, and people with jobs involving extensive typing are at particularly high risk. The tough flexor retinaculum along with the rest of the carpal tunnel cannot expand, putting pressure on the median nerve running through the carpal tunnel with the flexor tendons of the wrist. This results in the symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome.
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Carpal tunnel syndrome may be treated surgically. This is usually done after all non-surgical methods of treatment have been exhausted. Non-surgical treatment methods include anti-inflammatory drugs. The wrist may be immobilized in order to prevent further use and inflammation. When surgery is
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Symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome include tingling sensations and muscle weakness in the palm and lateral side of the hand and palm. It is possible that the syndrome may extend and radiate up the nerve causing pain to the arm and shoulder.
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Dias, J.J.; Bhowal, B.; Wildin, C.J.; Thompson, J.R. (10 January 2017). "Carpal Tunnel
Decompression. Is Lengthening of the Flexor Retinaculum Better than Simple Division?".
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The flexor retinaculum is a strong, fibrous band that covers the carpal bones on the palmar side of the hand near the wrist. It attaches to the bones near the
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Silverstein, Barbara A.; Fine, Lawrence J.; Armstrong, Thomas J. (1987). "Occupational factors and carpal tunnel syndrome".
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The mucous sheaths of the tendons on the front of the wrist and digits. (Transverse carpal ligament labeled at center.)
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Saladin, Kenneth S. Anatomy & Physiology The Unity of Form and
Function. 7th. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2015.
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Saladin, Kenneth S. Anatomy & Physiology The Unity of Form and
Function. 7th. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2015.
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Saladin, Kenneth S. Anatomy & Physiology The Unity of Form and
Function. 6th. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2012.
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Biomedical Papers of the
Medical Faculty of the University Palacky, Olomouc, Czechoslovakia
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Kachlika, David; Bozdechovac, Ivana; Cechd, Pavel; Musile, Vladimir; Bacaa, Vaclav (2009).
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Knowledge (XXG) articles incorporating text from the 20th edition of Gray's
Anatomy (1918)
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retinaculum musculorum flexorum manus (obsolete: ligamentum transversum carpi)
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band on the palmar side of the hand near the wrist. It arches over the
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324:"Mistakes in the usage of anatomical terminology in clinical practice"
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are partly attached to the surface of the retinaculum; below, the
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Indication of the site of the problem in carpal tunnel syndrome
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at The
Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University)
154:. On the ulnar side, the flexor retinaculum attaches to the
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Hand kinesiology at the
University of Kansas Medical Center
162:. On the radial side, it attaches to the tubercle of the
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at Human
Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center
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232:and tendons of muscles which flex the hand pass.
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173:The flexor retinaculum is continuous with the
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134:of the hands, covering them and forming the
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224:The flexor retinaculum is the roof of the
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216:originate from the flexor retinaculum.
16:Thickened fascia over the carpal tunnel
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279:Extensor retinaculum of the hand
483:lesson5flexretinac&palmapon
899:extensor carpi radialis longus
826:flexor digitorum superficialis
22:Flexor retinaculum of the hand
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1109:flexor digiti minimi brevis
303:of the 20th edition of
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851:flexor digitorum profundus
439:10.1016/j.jhsb.2004.01.011
210:short muscles of the thumb
120:transverse carpal ligament
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124:anterior annular ligament
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1076:abductor pollicis brevis
960:extensor pollicis longus
955:extensor pollicis brevis
950:abductor pollicis longus
472:Anatomy figure: 08:04-08
427:Journal of Hand Surgery
377:10.1002/ajim.4700110310
160:hook of the hamate bone
1269:Musculoskeletal system
1114:abductor digiti minimi
1104:opponens digiti minimi
1071:flexor pollicis brevis
920:extensor carpi ulnaris
915:extensor digiti minimi
856:flexor pollicis longus
250:carpal tunnel syndrome
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177:, and deeper with the
175:palmar carpal ligament
98:Anatomical terminology
989:bicipital aponeurosis
816:flexor carpi radialis
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236:Clinical significance
195:flexor carpi radialis
1183:extensor retinaculum
821:flexor carpi ulnaris
228:, through which the
206:flexor carpi ulnaris
1011:antebrachial fascia
945:anatomical snuffbox
756:triangular interval
713:intermuscular septa
605:infraspinous fascia
600:supraspinous fascia
341:10.5507/bp.2009.027
274:Peroneal retinacula
200:The tendons of the
1213:palmar aponeurosis
1208:flexor retinaculum
1188:extensor expansion
1032:osborne's ligament
910:extensor digitorum
846:pronator quadratus
746:quadrangular space
680:articularis cubiti
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179:palmar aponeurosis
116:flexor retinaculum
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564:teres minor
187:ulnar nerve
44:Identifiers
1258:Categories
1174:posterior:
1142:interossei
1099:hypothenar
889:mobile wad
652:brachialis
285:References
1279:Ligaments
1199:anterior:
1137:lumbrical
940:supinator
870:posterior
662:posterior
142:Structure
999:extensor
787:anterior
675:anconeus
634:anterior
532:Shoulder
455:25503344
447:15142699
350:19771143
301:page 456
268:See also
220:Function
158:and the
1248:Anatomy
772:Forearm
718:lateral
544:deltoid
522:of the
520:Muscles
385:3578290
128:fibrous
126:) is a
39:Details
1234:Portal
1164:fascia
1152:palmar
1147:dorsal
1061:thenar
1004:flexor
981:fascia
903:brevis
741:spaces
723:medial
690:fascia
647:biceps
586:fascia
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181:. The
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299:from
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1274:Hand
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901:and
443:PMID
381:PMID
346:PMID
212:and
204:and
185:and
152:ulna
150:and
114:The
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619:Arm
524:arm
435:doi
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