Flight of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians

808:, and other UN bodies. The UN mission reported that "they did not come across any reports — either from the local population or from others — of violence against civilians following the latest ceasefire." While visiting Stepanakert, the team reported to have found no evidence of damage to public infrastructure in the areas it visited. The mission saw that the Azerbaijani government was preparing for the resumption of health services and some utilities. The mission reportedly "was struck by the sudden manner in which the local population left their homes". It was reported to the team that between 50 and 1,000 ethnic Armenians remain in the region. It encountered no civilian vehicles on the Lachin road to the border crossing used by the refugees. The mission also had limited access to rural areas. The mission was criticized in Armenia for failing to mention the numerous casualties and injuries among Armenian civilians, the targeting of civilian infrastructure by Azerbaijan, and 1655:. Springer, 2001. "There was overwhelming evidence demonstrating the existence of anti-Armenian policy in Nagorno-Karabagh sanctioned by Azerbaijan. Accounts of forced migrations and resettlement were substantiated by the decreasing and increasing percentage of Armenians and Azeris respectively in the population.61 The lack of economic development and demographic manipulations had been accompanied by cultural suppression. In the 1930s, 118 Armenian churches were closed, clerics arrested and text- books on Armenian history banned from schools. During the 1960s, 28 Armenian schools were closed, churches and cemeteries destroyed and Azeri was imposed as the official language of the republic. During the late 1960s and early 1970s, cultural ties with Armenia were severed and Azeris began to be appointed in Nagorno-Karabagh’s law enforcement and economic bodies." 34: 235:. The suppression of Armenian language and culture was widespread: Armenian churches, cemeteries, and schools were closed or destroyed, and clerics arrested. The Armenian educational institutions that remained were under control by the Azeri Ministry of Education, which enforced prohibitions against teaching Armenian history and using Armenian materials. Restrictions limited cultural exchanges and communication between Nagorno-Karabakh and Armenia. The Azerbaijani government decreed in 1957 that Azerbaijani was to be the main language and the 1981 "law of the NKAR" denied additional rights, removing provisions that had listed Armenian as a working language of local authorities. Resentment against what was perceived as a forced "Azerification" campaign led to 631:

Azerbaijan's control resulting from unresolved past atrocities and ongoing intimidation. Feeling abandoned by all parties and with no security guarantees, the heightened vulnerability experienced during the blockade, and the unexpected reopening of the Lachin corridor in late September 2023, prompted Karabakh Armenians to believe that leaving the region immediately was the only option available to ensure their survival and future well-being. The Commissioner also stated that all displaced persons have the right to return to their homes, regardless of whether they have been displaced internally or across borders, and that both Armenia and Azerbaijan have the obligation to ensure that any return is voluntary, safe and dignified.

1493:(1999). "The Azerbaijanis can be accused of depriving the 130 000 Armenians living in the Nogorno-Karabakh of their possibilities to watch TV broadcasts from Yerevan, of their right to study Armenian history and their access to Armenian literature. The Azerbaijani government, too, can be said to have conducted racial, cultural and economic discrimination against the Nagorno Karabakh Armenians. Over 80 000 Nagorno-Karabakh residents signed an address asking for annexation of Nagorno-Karabakh to Armenia. Based on this address the Council of Representatives of Nagorno-Karabakh turned to Supreme Council of the USSR, Azerbaijan and Armenia with request to transfer the Nagorno-Karabakh under Armenia." 751: 586:, described this mass displacement as either a war crime or crime against humanity perpetrated by Azerbaijan and accused Azerbaijan of committing genocide. This characterization is based on the created coercive environment, first through the blockade and subsequently the invasion, leading to the potential genocidal destruction of the Artsakh Armenians' distinct identity. Edward Hunt of the Foreign Policy in Focus (FPIF) think tank accused Azerbaijan of ethnic cleansing, while also criticizing United States officials for endorsing ethnic cleansing to further their geopolitical ambitions. 6129: 6107: 45: 345:, expressed concerns that Azerbaijan's blockade could be the onset of a genocide. Ocampo specifically stated that Azerbaijan's actions, which included withholding essential supplies like food and medicine, appeared to be a calculated effort to inflict on the Armenian population of Nagorno-Karabakh conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction. In August 2023, as a direct result of the blockade, a resident of Nagorno-Karabakh died from starvation. The spokesperson for 563:, by "deliberately inflicting on group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part", and that the invasion further violated Article II a and Article II b. He warned that the international community's inertia could embolden Azerbaijan, making them believe there would be no significant repercussions for committing genocide. Ocampo also countered Aliyev's denial of seeking ethnic cleansing, noting that Aliyev often labeled Armenia as " 6081: 5860: 6016: 5788: 5969: 5922: 5736: 5699: 5886: 6068: 5847: 2177:...is extremely worried by events...which culminated on 12 December 2022 with the interruption of the free and safe passage through the Lachin corridor and the subsequent deliberate cutting of electricity and gas supplies to the region... ...urges Azerbaijan to restore electricity and gas supplies without delay or impediment. 694:

indicating that such ethnic cleansing did take place". Deputy Foreign Minister of the Russian Federation Mikhail Galuzin stated that unfortunately most Karabakh Armenians left the region by their own difficult, but voluntary choice, and that Russia was ready to facilitate safe return of those Karabakh Armenians who wish to.

2194:; Strugariu, Ramona; Vautmans, Hilde; von Cramon‑Taubadel, Viola; Weimers, Charlie; Fragkos, Emmanouil; Kruk, Elżbieta; Dzhambazki, Angel; Zalewska, Anna; Brudziński, Joachim Stanisław; Kanko, Assita; Jurzyca, Eugen; Bielan, Adam; Fidanza, Carlo; Ruissen, Bert‑Jan; Kouloglou, Stelios; Castaldo, Fabio Massimo. 1681:

The Armenian schools were attached to the Azerbaijani Ministry of Education and were prohibited from teaching Armenian history. The employed staff was Azerbaijani. Armenian books and journals from neighbouring Armenia and the Armenian diaspora were totally banned. These measures were taken to 'hamper

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By 30 September, the number of refugees had reached 100,400. On 2 October, the last bus carrying refugees composed of those with serious illnesses or mobility issues entered Armenia. The Armenian government stated that 100,514 of the estimated 120,000 population of Nagorno-Karabakh had been displaced

312:

ordered Azerbaijan to ensure free movement to Nagorno-Karabakh, ruling that the blockade posed a "real and imminent risk" to the "health and life" of Nagorno-Karabakh's Armenian population. By early September 2023 the blockade had caused supplies to all but run out; there was little medicine or fuel,

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Azerbaijan has committed atrocities against almost all Armenian civilians and POWs it has captured in the wars of 2016, 2020 and 2022. There is no reason that its forces would behave differently in 2023. Given the vulnerability of men and older boys at the hands of the Azerbaijani military, there is

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With Azerbaijan now starving the 120,000 people it claims are its citizens, many observers now agree that the idea that Karabakh Armenians can live safely in Ilham Aliyev's Azerbaijan is hardly credible. "The blockade renders irrelevant any talk of the civil integration of Karabakh Armenians," wrote

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representative said that they were aware of "troubling reports of violence against civilians", and that testimony was being gathered from those who had fled "violence, deprivation, and with the fear of living under the government of Azerbaijan." NGOs receiving Karabakh Armenians at the Syunik border

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By the evening of 25 September, according to the Armenian government, 6,500 refugees had arrived from Nagorno-Karabakh. After enduring months of scarce fuel supply while under blockade, the arrival of a fuel shipment gave residents the opportunity to refuel their vehicles for the journey to Armenia,

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80 per cent of the population of Mountainous Karabakh are Armenians and they constitute about 130,000 individuals. The region is about 4500 square kilometers. There are 187 Armenian schools, which unfortunately are administered not by the Ministry of Education of Armenia, but that of Azerbaijan, in

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an underground 50-ton fuel tank exploded, leading to the death of at least 170 individuals and injuring hundreds of others. Most of the victims were queueing to obtain fuel for their vehicles while on their way to Armenia. Victims with various degrees of burns were treated in the Republican Medical

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stated: "Look for example at what has happened in Azerbaijan and Armenia. A long-frozen conflict that suddenly has been – I would not say solved – but decisively determined by a military intervention that, in one week, made 150,000 people move. In one week. Like this. 150,000 people had to abandon

693:

stated that she would like "some facts to be provided regarding the alleged ethnic cleansing in Nagorno-Karabakh", and asked for references to "at least some document from any international organisation that is considered authoritative in Yerevan (for example, the UN or some other), or a statement

670:, the top U.S. humanitarian aid official and a former genocide scholar, declined to use the term "genocide", nevertheless, she went on to say that testimony was already being gathered "from people who have fled violence, deprivation, and with the fear of living under the government of Azerbaijan." 613:

representative in Armenia said on 29 September there were no recorded incidents or cases of mistreatment against people on the move, and in response to questions from the media, they said they could not comment on whether this constituted ethnic cleansing and that they were viewed it as a refugee

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Marques, Pedro; Kaljurand, Marina; Santos, Isabel; Hajšel, Robert; Incir, Evin; Loiseau, Nathalie; Auštrevičius, Petras; Bilbao Barandica, Izaskun; Charanzová, Dita; Chastel, Olivier; Cseh, Katalin; Gheorghe, Vlad; Grošelj, Klemen; Guetta, Bernard; Hahn, Svenja; Karlsbro, Karin; Melchior, Karen;

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Azerbaijan's military aggression against Artsakh on 19 September 2023, which resulted in massacre and atrocity and the consequent flight of almost 100 percent of its indigenous Armenian population to neighboring Armenia. The aggression, atrocity and forced displacement amount to a very thorough

679:

refrained from characterizing the forced exodus of the Nagorno-Karabakh population as an attempt at ethnic cleansing on 3 October 2023. However, on 5 October 2023, the European Parliament filed a joint motion for a resolution stating that the flight of Armenians from Karabakh "amounts to ethnic

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Azerbaijani officials have denied war crimes accusations including ethnic cleansing and responded by urging Armenians to stay in the region. Sources reported that Azerbaijani authorities had reissued a map renaming a street in Stepanakert, the capital of Nagorno-Karabakh, after one of the main

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visited Armenia and Azerbaijan, including the Karabakh region, from 16 to 23 October 2023, and published on 12 January 2024 her observations. Testimonies provided to the Commissioner by Karabakh Armenians reveal a deep-rooted fear for their lives and future amid armed conflicts, exacerbated by

403:

issued an alert, drawing attention to the acute risk of genocide faced by Armenians in the region and highlighting the extreme levels of anti-Armenian sentiments within the Azerbaijani military. Moreover, threats and abusive messages targeting civilians, even instances of reported massacres of

364:

in Nagorno-Karabakh, aiming to disarm the self-declared republic's military. The assault, lasting 24 hours, resulted in hundreds of casualties from both sides and the deaths of five Russian peacekeepers. After the Republic of Artsakh's government agreed to surrender terms, negotiations ensued,

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Laurence Broers, Caucasus programme director at Conciliation Resources. "It vindicates the worst fears of the Karabakh Armenian population vis-a-vis the Azerbaijani state… will leave a new legacy of unforgiving distrust cancelling any hopes of reconstituting community relations," Broers said.

1508:. Vol. 31. No. 19. US Institute of Peace, 1997. "Limited employment opportunities and discrimination against Armenians contributed to the gradual emigration of the Armenian population from the region, while republican authorities encouraged the inflow of Azeris from outside Nagorno-Karabakh." 2216:

whereas this humanitarian crisis was further aggravated by Azerbaijan's disruption of the natural gas supply to Nagorno-Karabakh, which left houses, hospitals and schools without heating......urges Azerbaijan to refrain from undermining the functioning of transport, energy and communication

353:, stated their primary goal was the irreversible normalization of Armenian-Azerbaijani relations and called for "courageous compromise solutions". The Armenian President denounced Azerbaijan, asserting it was committing genocide by causing Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh to starve. Similarly, 308:, the only road connecting Nagorno-Karabakh to Armenia. During this period Azerbaijan also sabotaged critical civilian infrastructure of Artsakh, disrupting access to gas, electricity, and internet access. The blockade led to a humanitarian crisis for the population. In February 2023 the 4368:...this morning, Armenia showed images of a map that allegedly includes "new Azerbaijani" names on "renamed" streets in Khankandi. Let me be clear on that. No streets in Khankandi have been renamed. The social media post on which Armenia relies was originally posted in August 2021... 1520:, New Times Publishing House, 1994 "This would inevitably result in a "final solution," a new carnage of Karabakh Armenians or, at best, if international control is established, in "white genocide," that is, the breaking up and ousting of the national group by economic means...". 164:, and 70 civilians died en route while fleeing to Armenia. While the Azerbaijani government issued assurances that the Armenian population would be safely reintegrated, these claims were not deemed credible due to Azerbaijan's established track record of authoritarianism and 783:

sent a Disaster Assistance Response Team to the region to help coordinate the U.S. humanitarian response. Cyprus said it was ready to provide humanitarian assistance to displaced Armenians and that it was considering ways to host a number of Armenian refugees if necessary.

686:, the UK Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs, stated that he does not agree that Azerbaijan's military operation in Nagorno-Karabakh constituted ethnic cleansing, and that the UK urged both sides to resume dialogue. 665:

A spokesperson for the US State Department declined to comment on qualifying the events as ethnic cleansing and said that the USA believes there should be an international monitoring mission there to observe and guarantee the rights and securities of ethnic Armenians.

4349:"Public sitting held on Thursday 12 October 2023, at 4 p.m., at the Peace Palace, President Donoghue presiding, in the case concerning Application of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (Armenia v. Azerbaijan)" 4295: 2445: 787:

The United Nations in Azerbaijan sent on 1 October 2023 a mission to Nagorno-Karabakh, led by the UN Resident Coordinator in Azerbaijan Vladanka Andreeva, to address humanitarian needs. The team also included the Director of the Coordination Division of the

267:. Azerbaijan severed transport and economic links between Armenia and Azerbaijan and between Artsakh and Armenia. The complete isolation of Artsakh from the outside world lasted for 3 years until Armenian forces opened a humanitarian corridor known as the 318:

All the above efforts have only one goal: ensure irreversible normalization of relations between Baku and Yerevan for the benefit of all populations on the ground. It is now time for courageous compromise solutions, also in light of today's escalation.

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In response to the humanitarian crisis a number of countries pledged aid to help Armenian refugees, including Iran which donated 50 tons of aid to forcibly displaced Artsakh residents, the UK with £1m and the EU with a pledge of €5m. The chief of

474:'s total population. The evacuation route from Stepanakert to Armenia had been clogged for days, with many forced to sleep in their cars overnight. What typically is a 2-hour drive transformed into a staggering 30-hour journey for many evacuees. 1313: 492:

reported that "a small number of people remain in their homes, either by choice or because they were unable to leave by themselves." The ICRC has provided food, medical care, communication services, and transportation to remaining residents.

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in 2020, caused thousands of casualties and ended with a significant Azerbaijani victory. This war allowed Azerbaijan to reclaim all the territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh and a third of Nagorno-Karabakh itself. After the 2020 war,

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reported that the refugees "were either forced by the Azerbaijani authorities to delete their phone data before crossing the border to Armenia or had opted themselves to delete it out of fear of undermining their chances of departure."

819:

to reaffirm its February 2023 ruling ordering Azerbaijan to ensure free passage through the Lachin corridor, and to "refrain from all actions directly or indirectly aimed at displacing the remaining ethnic Armenians from the region".

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Armenians in the region faced economic marginalization and cultural discrimination, leading to a significant exodus. Authorities encouraged the settlement of Azeris from outside Nagorno-Karabakh. This policy – sometimes called a

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as of 2 October, reaching 100,617 by noon of 3 October. The UN mission which was tasked with visiting the region, heard from interlocutors that on 1 October only 50 to 1000 Armenians were left in the entire Karabakh region.

4526: 4029: 1541:, p. 111 "Thus, the notion of 'genocide', as perceived by the people, included the expressions 'white genocide' (bearing in mind the example of the ethnic cleansing of Nakhichevan and Nagorno- Karabagh of Armenians)...". 778:

to visit the affected people and pledged $ 11.5m in humanitarian assistance. Power said that "many of those who had arrived were suffering from 'severe malnutrition,' according to doctors at the scene". On 28 September,

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While the Azerbaijani government issued assurances that the Armenian population would be safely reintegrated, these claims were not deemed credible due to Azerbaijan's established track record of authoritarianism and

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Armenian civilians of Nagorno Karabakh and surrounding regions along the Armenian-Azerbaijani border are threatened by Azerbaijan's military and face violence if they try to leave Armenian territory within disputed

1236:

After three days in the car with very little food or water—or, in some cases, hours of walking miles and miles—many grew malnourished or fell ill. Some of the most vulnerable or eldest of the group died along the

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While travellers were already few due to the blockade, the ICRC reports that its ability to get people across has been curtailed , leaving only the Russian peacekeepers to facilitate trips to Armenia for medical

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Checkpoint on Lachin corridor faced fierce opposition amid humanitarian crisis....Azerbaijani military consolidated blockade, however, leading to even fewer crossings and reduced transportation of goods.

5373: 4326: 6280: 6275: 3112: 2045: 1305: 4698: 149:, 100,400 ethnic Armenians, representing 99% of the remaining population of Nagorno-Karabakh, fled by the end of September 2023, leaving only a couple of dozen people within the region as of November. 463:, a former high-level Artsakh government official and a prominent businessman, was apprehended by Azerbaijani forces just as he was poised to enter Armenia, and civilian accounts from the village of 2929: 1279: 591: 2568: 4037: 3146: 1410: 477:

By 29 September, the number of refugees had reached 97,700. Refugees reported spending days in the evacuation queue and moving forward only a few hundred meters a day. Armenian Health Minister

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leading Azerbaijan to eventually reopen the road to Armenia. This move provided Armenians an avenue to evacuate the region, and a significant number began departing from 24 September onward.

5636: 5414: 4760: 276: 4188: 2410: 4007: 950: 567:" and proclaimed that "present-day Armenia is our land". After all Armenians had been forced out of Nagorno-Karabakh, Ocampo declared this to constitute genocide under the articles of the 513:

on 28 September. Armenia also sent 23 ambulances to Artsakh accompanied by specialists and the Red Cross, which returned transporting 23 severely injured people from Artsakh to Armenia.

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Of the couple of dozen residents who stayed behind, the majority are believed to be elderly or disabled. Azerbaijan has confiscated their passports and monitors their communications.

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The blockade has deprived over 120,000 ethnic Armenians living in Nagorno-Karabakh, including 30,000 children, of life-saving resources such as food, medicine, electricity and fuel.

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By 27 September, Armenian authorities reported that over 50,000 refugees from Nagorno-Karabakh had left for Armenia, including 17,000 children. In separate events on 27 September,

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The US, similarly, sees Azerbaijan's geopolitical value rising the worse Washington's relations with Moscow and Tehran become, despite misgivings over Karabakh's ethnic cleansing.

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in 2020, the region had an estimated population of 150,000 which decreased in the aftermath of the war. Faced with threats of ethnic cleansing by Azerbaijan and struggling amid

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not a matter of chance, but is due to the persistent policy of Baku, whose aim is to 'Nakhichevanize' the territory, to de-Armenize it, first culturally and then physically.

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stated that it was "extremely concerned about the serious humanitarian and human rights situation in Nagorno-Karabakh." The Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights

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border post. The Armenian government reported late on that day that 1,050 refugees had made their way to safety. Word of the passage spread, leading to a mass exodus.

4604: 388:, the representative of the Azerbaijani president, predicted that "a genocide may happen" if the Republic of Artsakh did not capitulate. Echoing this concern Senator 4729: 1974:

The capture of these two towns had been deemed necessary by the "NKR" forces in order to stop Azerbaijani war crimes and open up a humanitarian corridor to Armenia.

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refugee, A.; Armenia, her children waits at the Lachin checkpoint to leave Karabakh for; Sept. 26, on; Images, 2023-EMMANUEL DUNAND/AFP via Getty (3 October 2023).

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no case in which they should be separated from women and children. We strongly urge Artsakah women and children to refuse to be separated from men and older boys.

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that had been recently built. Satellite records showed construction of the site had begun in July 2022 and ended in late August or early September 2023. Applying

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August 1989: Azerbaijan starts an economic blockade of Armenia and Nagorno Karabakh. Tens of thousands are deplaced from their homes and many thousands die.

6200: 5536: 5514: 5404: 4881: 420:. Noting this history, the Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention urged that Artsakhi women and children refuse being separated from men and older boys. 289: 5368: 2921: 1275: 6368: 4319:"Azerbaijan eyes Iran, Armenia borderlands after 'voluntary' exodus from Nagorno-Karabakh – Al-Monitor: Independent, trusted coverage of the Middle East" 3643:"Azerbaijan eyes Iran, Armenia borderlands after 'voluntary' exodus from Nagorno-Karabakh - Al-Monitor: Independent, trusted coverage of the Middle East" 3368: 2560: 1037: 481:

said some refugees died in transit due to exhaustion brought about by malnutrition, the lack of medicines and the travel time which took up to 40 hours.

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By 26 September, the Armenian government said at least 28,000 people had fled Nagorno-Karabakh, equivalent to a quarter of the region's population.

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Center of Artsakh, facilities of the Arevik community organization, medical facilities in Ivanyan, and the medical station of Russian peacekeepers. The

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their houses and run. And the international community regretted , expressed concern, sent humanitarian support, but it happened the use of force."

564: 489: 400: 4752: 662:. Azerbaijani official disputed this during a case at the International Court of Justice, saying that "No streets in Khankandi have been renamed". 5133: 4998: 4504: 2402: 2203: 2123: 750: 4003: 3880: 1929: 6220: 5443: 5280: 2695: 1566:"...the Azerbaijanization of Nakhichevan is called a 'white genocide', that is, one that operates by erasure of evidence of Armenian residence" 598:

Armenia could apply for the ICC investigation, and Azerbaijani political and military leaders could be drawn into the jurisdiction of the ICC.

5360: 5332: 2643: 6205: 5084: 4935: 2529: 2160: 1910: 1633: 984: 417: 374: 165: 5519: 3836: 2196:"JOINT MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the humanitarian consequences of the blockade in Nagorno-Karabakh | RC-B9-0075/2023 | European Parliament" 293: 4838: 1917:

1989 August: Azerbaijan imposes a railway blockade on Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh, abrogating fundamental principles of Soviet solidarity.

1592: 644: 223: 4380: 4497:"JOINT MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION on the situation in Nagorno-Karabakh after Azerbaijan's attack and the continuing threats against Armenia" 4264: 6363: 5195: 5190: 5172: 3615: 3265: 2777: 2023: 1371: 1306:"Azerbaijan's use of force in Nagorno-Karabakh risks undermining key international norms, signaling to dictators that might makes right" 5156: 4145:"Observations on the Human Rights Situation of People affected by the Conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan over the Karabakh region" 4144: 1249: 1199:"Observations on the Human Rights Situation of People affected by the Conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan over the Karabakh region" 1198: 428:

On 24 September, as fears of genocide, ethnic cleansing, and persecution surged, the evacuation of Armenian refugees began through the

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reported that Azerbaijani soldiers had entered the village and, discharging their firearms into the air, demanded the residents flee.

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Prior to the Azerbaijani military offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh, there were growing concerns that Azerbaijan, with a long history of

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The US has long offered unconditional military assistance to Azerbaijan even as it carries out ethnic cleansing in Nagorno-Karabakh.

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which there is not a single inspector or a single person who knows Armenian. This is a very dangerous thing and it is harming us.

1504: 231:" – aimed at "de-Armenizing" the territory culturally and physically and followed a similar pattern to Azerbaijan's treatment of 5509: 3967: 1490: 1207:

The Commissioner was also informed that some people reportedly died from health complications during the displacement to Armenia

6413: 5451: 5050: 4033: 3537: 3173: 2613: 2367:"Application of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (Armenia v. Azerbaijan)" 6260: 5571: 5345: 4348: 2861: 2366: 816: 309: 256: 161: 100: 57: 4162: 3593: 3567: 3329: 3168: 2991: 1346: 879: 1737:"Ethnicity, Nationalism and Conflict in the South Caucasus: Nagorno-Karabakh and the Legacy of Soviet Nationalities Policy" 1695:"Ethnicity, Nationalism and Conflict in the South Caucasus: Nagorno-Karabakh and the Legacy of Soviet Nationalities Policy" 1666:"Ethnicity, Nationalism and Conflict in the South Caucasus: Nagorno-Karabakh and the Legacy of Soviet Nationalities Policy" 5317: 4815: 4721: 2440: 680:

cleansing" and that Azerbaijan's military offensive "represents a gross violation of human rights and international law."

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began distributing fuel at no cost to those evacuating to Armenia. However, amidst extensive lines at a fuel station in

342: 181: 146: 6393: 5447: 5395: 5033: 3541: 3052: 2717: 2436:"Statement by the spokesperson of Charles Michel, President of the European Council, regarding Armenia and Azerbaijan" 2231:"State Fragility and the Shadow of Genocide in Nagorno Karabakh and Armenia (the South Caucasus) | The Fund for Peace" 284: 142: 6172: 5353: 3204:"Nagorno-Karabakh: 50,000 people flee to Armenia along 100 miles of winding road after Azerbaijan military offensive" 3075:"Azerbaijani President's Administration issues statement regarding medical aid for victims of explosion in Khankendi" 1563: 4966:"Human Rights: Speech by High Representative/Vice-President Josep Borrell at the 25th EU-NGO Forum for Human Rights" 1880:(Documentary). Media Initiatives Center, Internews Azerbaijan, and the Humanitarian Research Public Union. May 2020. 594:, wrote that the Armenians of Nagorno-Karabakh were ethnically cleansed and that after finalizing its status at the 6348: 5439: 5435: 5099: 3933: 357:

stated, "Baku is determined to make the Armenians' lives impossible, starve them out, and pressure them to leave."

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arrived in Armenia together with US State Department Acting Assistant Secretary for Europe and Eurasian Affairs

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Armenians who chose to stay, were rampant on Azerbaijani social media channels. In a concurrent announcement,

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Azerbaijan has been accused of committing ethnic cleansing against the Armenians of Nagorno-Karabakh by the

579: 572: 280: 232: 4288:"Azerbaijan reissues Nagorno-Karabakh map with street named after Turkish leader of 1915 Armenian genocide" 44: 5561: 5546: 5322: 5306: 5290: 5257: 3447:"Շարունակում ենք Արցախում փնտրել մարդկանց. քիչ թվով մարդիկ շարունակում են մնալ իրենց տներում․ ԿԽՄԿ (ֆոտո)" 2351:

Moreno Ocampo, Luis (22 September 2023). "Call what is happening in Nagorno-Karabakh by its proper name".

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Representations on the Margins of Europe: Politics and Identities in the Baltic and South Caucasian States

739: 555:, the inaugural Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court, cautioned that conditions akin to another 409: 272: 157: 4785: 4439:"US State Department does not call Karabakh Armenians' exodus ethnic cleansing until there is 'evidence'" 3390: 2498: 520:

was converted into a base for the Red Cross to accommodate refugees. A secondary hub was later opened in

6250: 5989: 5942: 5455: 5200: 775: 4722:"'Severe malnutrition' is growing concern as thousands flee Nagorno-Karabakh, senior US official warns" 4496: 2747: 2195: 540:

Various political analysts, along with residents of Nagorno-Karabakh, accused Azerbaijan of committing

453:

said it sent an ambulance carrying medical supplies. 142 of the injured were later brought to Armenia.

3903:"Exclusive: Nagorno-Karabakh exodus was genocide, says former ICC chief prosecutor Luis Moreno Ocampo" 3872: 383: 378: 6265: 6167: 5429: 5182: 4605:"Investigation: Armenian Fears of a 'Concentration Camp' in Nagorno-Karabakh May Have Been Warranted" 3999: 2124:"Atrocity Alert No. 358: El Salvador, Nagorno-Karabakh and UN peacekeeping - El Salvador | ReliefWeb" 951:"More than 70% of Nagorno-Karabakh's population flees as separatist government says it will dissolve" 131: 2687: 470:

By 28 September, the tally of arrivals in Armenia surpassed 65,000, accounting for over half of the

6139: 5974: 5937: 5776: 5741: 5709: 714:

reported the same information a month later, citing an anonymous military source. In January 2024,

602: 568: 195: 127: 3420: 1813: 1060:"UN Reports Between 50-1,000 Armenians Remain Within Artsakh, 99% of Population Gone | Atlas News" 6085: 5771: 5624: 5614: 5609: 5531: 5270: 5247: 5223: 3841: 1472: 1464: 919: 707: 552: 354: 338: 1250:"At Least 223 Artsakh Armenians Killed During Azerbaijan's Offensive in September – Asbarez.com" 730:

methods, several similarities between the site and known prison structures were identified, and

627: 3733:"Azerbaijan launches attack in Nagorno-Karabakh, announces 'evacuation' of Armenian population" 3139:"More than 80% of Nagorno-Karabakh's population flees as future uncertain for those who remain" 1987: 915:"More than 80% of Nagorno-Karabakh's population flees as future uncertain for those who remain" 6187: 6004: 5999: 5984: 5952: 5864: 5756: 5678: 5656: 5651: 5424: 5265: 5072: 5055: 3661: 3078: 3045:"Արցախում վառելիքի պահեստում պայթյունի հետևանքով հիվանդանոցներ են ընդունվել 290 տուժածներ․ ԼՂ" 2003:

On May 18, the Karabakh Army entered Lachin (Kashatagh), thus ending the three-year blockade.

1906: 1629: 1555: 1534: 1456: 656: 623: 556: 252: 236: 6177: 6162: 6046: 6026: 5835: 5803: 5761: 5751: 5714: 5673: 5619: 5599: 5466: 5461: 5252: 5205: 5151: 5138: 5028: 3473:"Yerevan buses transport 1560 people from Stepanakert to Goris, leave for Stepanakert again" 1898: 1448: 988: 727: 541: 478: 471: 207: 123: 79: 578:

International legal experts, Priya Pillai and Melanie O'Brien, a visiting professor at the

6051: 6041: 5994: 5947: 5932: 5830: 5798: 5746: 5724: 5666: 5661: 5646: 5641: 5629: 5604: 5210: 3763:"Live updates | Stepanakert under fire as Azerbaijan launches assault on Nagorno-Karabakh" 2530:"'We are starving to death:' Residents of Nagorno-Karabakh fear for future under blockade" 2038:"Armenia and Azerbaijan: A blockade that never ended and a peace deal hanging by a thread" 812:

by Azerbaijan over the previous nine months along with the humanitarian crisis it caused.

723: 690: 648: 640: 429: 268: 191: 4812:"UN Karabakh mission told 'sudden' exodus means as few as 50 ethnic Armenians may remain" 3616:"The New Humanitarian | Winter looms for Nagorno-Karabakh's (already forgotten) refugees" 2922:"Thousands of Armenians flee Nagorno-Karabakh as the Turkish president visits Azerbaijan" 4839:"'It's a ghost town': UN arrives in Nagorno-Karabakh to find ethnic Armenians have fled" 4579:"МИД РФ: Россия готова содействовать безопасному возвращению карабахских армян в регион" 1276:"Azerbaijan says it does not want exodus from Nagorno-Karabakh, urges Armenians to stay" 722:

satellite imagery and discovered a large and unfinished complex in a remote area of the

6117: 6095: 6056: 6036: 5979: 5957: 5896: 5874: 5825: 5719: 5161: 5118: 3805: 3784: 3074: 2019: 1892: 924: 771: 676: 667: 587: 405: 346: 325: 260: 2468: 1839: 134:. Up until the military assault, the region was internationally recognized as part of 6337: 6090: 6031: 5869: 5808: 5766: 5123: 5113: 4635:"Iranian Red Crescent to send 50 tons of aid to forcibly displaced Artsakh residents" 4063:"Biden envoy troubled by reports of 'violence against civilians' in Nagorno-Karabakh" 1476: 824: 4552: 1840:"Sovereignty after Empire: Self-Determinationa Movements in the Former Soviet Union" 1220:"'Which Future Do We Have?': Stories from Refugees in Armenia - Armenia | ReliefWeb" 985:"Armenian exodus from Nagorno-Karabakh ebbs as Azerbaijan moves to reaffirm control" 849:"100,617 forcibly displaced persons have crossed into Armenia from Nagorno-Karabakh" 5813: 4843: 3169:"Armenia Says 28,000 Arrive From Nagorno-Karabakh, Reports 125 Deaths In Explosion" 683: 389: 1763:"Armenia and Azerbaijan: Between war and peace | Think Tank | European Parliament" 313:

while bread, a staple in the region, was rationed to one loaf per family per day.

152:

This mass displacement of people has been described by international experts as a

4158: 3589: 3563: 2981: 2614:"Ethnic Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh agree to disarm after Azerbaijan offensive" 1505:

Sovereignty after empire: self-determination movements in the former Soviet Union

1338: 559:

were developing, stating that Azerbaijan's blockade violated Article II c of the

6157: 6134: 5594: 5146: 4385: 2159:. 20 June 2023. p. Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons. 1403:"Explainer: Nagorno-Karabakh: tensions between Armenia and Azerbaijan explained" 1082:"Statement on the Sentencing of Vagif Khachatryan in the Republic of Azerbaijan" 755: 719: 659: 506: 441: 4811: 4753:"US to announce disaster response team for South Caucasus amid Karabakh crisis" 3968:"Ethnic Cleansing Is Happening in Nagorno-Karabakh. How Can the World Respond?" 1491:"Power Politics and Oil as Determinants of Transition: the case of Azerbaijan." 880:"As Ethnic Armenian Exodus Tops 100,000, UN Readies For Nagorno-Karabakh Visit" 738:

also speculated the location of the site was chosen for its close proximity to

501:

To aid in the evacuation, 46 buses, usually designated for public transport in

6021: 5793: 4691:"EU provides €5 million in humanitarian aid to the people of Nagorno Karabakh" 4664: 3902: 2891: 2590: 2152: 1958: 848: 742:, ruins of a 2,000-year-old Armenian city, as a form of psychological trauma. 703: 203: 135: 4159:"Nagorno-Karabakh: Thousands flee as Armenia says ethnic cleansing under way" 3873:""Current genocides and the consistent international practice to deny them."" 3787:

said the goal was the ethnic cleansing of the region's Armenian population...

3564:"Nagorno-Karabakh: Thousands flee as Armenia says ethnic cleansing under way" 2068:"Nagorno-Karabakh again faces shortages as Azerbaijan closes Lachin Corridor" 1460: 4983: 4553:"Excerpts from the briefing by Foreign Ministry Spokeswoman Maria Zakharova" 4260: 3108: 3105:"Fuel depot blast kills 20 in Nagorno-Karabakh as thousands flee to Armenia" 2260:"New Troubles in Nagorno-Karabakh: Understanding the Lachin Corridor Crisis" 445: 433: 408:

also sounded an alert, categorization the situation as Stage 9 within their

396:, urged for sanctions to be imposed against Azerbaijan to prevent genocide. 211: 153: 4219: 3533: 3235:"Nearly half of Nagorno-Karabakh's population has fled. What happens next?" 3044: 2952:"Everyone wanting to relocate from Karabakh to Armenia to be able to do so" 2592:

Nagorno-Karabakh not under blockade, Azerbaijani official insists | DW News

2319:"World Court orders Azerbaijan to ensure free movement to Nagorno-Karabakh" 1114: 4936:"UN to send mission to Nagorno-Karabakh for first time in nearly 30 years" 3330:"Nagorno-Karabakh: Nearly half of ethnic Armenians flee – DW – 09/27/2023" 3014:"Nagorno-Karabakh: more than 200 people injured after blast at fuel depot" 2499:"Azerbaijan's blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh claims first starvation victim" 2098:"Nagorno-Karabakh reports gas cut for second time since start of blockade" 1902: 1724:

Gha-ra-bagh!: The Emergence of the National Democratic Movement in Armenia

1578:

Gha-ra-bagh!: the emergence of the national democratic movement in Armenia

4876: 4780: 4778: 4469: 3503:"Convoy of ambulances heads from Armenia to Karabakh capital Stepanakert" 3269: 3207: 2986: 2865: 464: 4665:"UK to provide £1 million to support forcibly displaced persons from NK" 4246:

French Senate Adopts Resolution Calling for Sanctions Against Azerbaijan

5927: 5704: 5060: 4634: 4438: 3707:"Life in Nagorno-Karabakh after Azerbaijan's Ethnic Cleansing - Ishgal" 3502: 3472: 3446: 2951: 2892:"65,036 forcibly displaced persons enter Armenia from Nagorno-Karabakh" 2782: 1452: 502: 210:, which is located within Azerbaijan but is predominantly inhabited by 199: 4465:"Russia has 'betrayed' Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh – Charles Michel" 4261:"Nagorno-Karabakh: Azerbaijan rejects accusations of ethnic cleansing" 2862:"Armenia reports the arrival of 42,500 refugees from Nagorno-Karabakh" 1468: 1436: 6073: 5891: 5852: 5541: 2778:"Karabakh Armenians say ceasefire being implemented, aid is arriving" 2403:"An Armenian enclave inside Azerbaijan is on the point of starvation" 1608:

Limiting Institutions?: the challenge of Eurasian security governance

801: 4904:"Armenia Slams U.N. Karabakh Mission Findings as "Extremely Biased"" 4903: 4578: 3296: 1437:"Ethnic Conflict in the Transcausasus: The Case of Nagorno-Karabakh" 1034:"Guarantee Right to Return to Nagorno Karabakh | Human Rights Watch" 275:

of approximately 500,000 Azerbaijanis from Nagorno-Karabakh and the

162:

218 civilians died during an explosion at a fuel distribution center

4381:"US Renews Call For Karabakh Monitor Mission After Armenians Leave" 4093:"Humanitarian Situation in Nagorno-Karabakh – Portal – www.coe.int" 3934:"IN THE CAUCASUS, THE U.S. PRIORITY IS FOSSIL FUELS, NOT ARMENIANS" 1372:"Karabakh blockade reaches critical point as food supplies run low" 1147:"Nagorno-Karabakh exodus amounts to a war crime, legal experts say" 2810:"First group of refugees from Nagorno-Karabakh arrives in Armenia" 797: 780: 749: 615: 517: 510: 399:

In the wake of the collapse of the Nagorno-Karabakh defenses, the

54:

Top: Displaced ethnic Armenians boarding buses in Nagorno-Karabakh

3590:"Nagorno-Karabakh: Armenians rush to help 'brothers and sisters'" 3266:"Tragedy in real time: The Armenian exodus from Nagorno-Karabakh" 2663:"Key Democrat chafes at US response to Armenia-Azerbaijan crisis" 1930:"Dates and facts around Nagorno-Karabakh's 30-year long conflict" 279:

as well as 186,000 from Armenia, and between 300,000 and 500,000

4908: 3300: 2644:"US senator urges sanctions on Azerbaijan to prevent 'genocide'" 639:

Accusations of ethnic cleansing by Azerbaijan have been made by

521: 4987: 3536:[A group of Artsakh citizens is already in Kornidzor]. 2836:"Hundreds of ethnic Armenians flee Nagorno-Karabakh to Armenia" 1628:. Minority Rights Publications. London: Minority Rights Group. 1145:

Deutsch, Anthony; van den Berg, Stephanie (29 September 2023).

263:

of Armenians across Azerbaijan, leading to the outbreak of the

4355: 4004:"EU Parliament Decries 'Ethnic Cleansing' In Nagorno-Karabakh" 3801:"And the Winner from Putin's War on Ukraine Is ... Azerbaijan" 2982:"Death toll in Nagorno-Karabakh fuel depot blast jumps to 170" 2190:

Nart, Javier; Paet, Urmas; Ries, Frédérique; Šimečka, Michal;

1115:"U.S. Says Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians Entitled To Return Home" 805: 793: 377:, might perpetuate a genocide against the region's Armenians. 304:

For nine months (December 2022 to September 2023), Azerbaijan

4220:"French Senate Condemns 'Azerbaijani Aggression' In Karabakh" 3837:"Washington Must End Its Support for Azerbaijan's War Crimes" 1339:"Nagorno-Karabakh: More than 40,000 refugees flee to Armenia" 592:

United States Ambassador-at-Large for Global Criminal Justice

6210: 2217:

connections between Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh in future.

2153:"Ensuring free and safe access through the Lachin Corridor" 1098:

genocide of an ancient, continuous indigenous civilization.

734:

concluded the facility was likely intended to be a prison.

126:

region which ended with the surrender of the self-declared

4030:"Press briefing by the United Nations Information Service" 2346: 2344: 1653:

The making of Nagorno-Karabagh: from secession to republic

4872:"UN mission arrives to empty streets in Nagorno-Karabakh" 4720:

Brown, Christian; Edwards, Benjamin (26 September 2023).

4557:

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation

4189:"Cyprus condemns Azerbaijan's policy of ethnic cleansing" 5178:

Law on Abolishment of Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast

2561:"Why is there dispute over control of Nagorno-Karabakh?" 4870:

Barseghyan, Arshaluys; Aghayev, Ismi (2 October 2023).

1016:"Birth and marriage rates increase in Nagorno-Karabakh" 754:

Armenians in Washington held a protest in front of the

3835:

Galitsky, Alex; Ghoreishi, Shahed (18 December 2023).

3361:"Armenia scrambles to accommodate uprooted Karabakhis" 1178:"Russia rejects criticism of peacekeepers in Karabakh" 790:

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs

3682:"Red Flag Alert for Genocide - Azerbaijan in Armenia" 3421:"Karabakh - On the ground with the ICRC one month on" 112:

Over 100,617 (99% of population) as of 3 October 2023

3295:

Grigoryan, Rima; Makiyan, Hayk (27 September 2023).

6243: 6150: 5912: 5689: 5590:

Administrative divisions of the Republic of Artsakh

5582: 5497: 5394: 5299: 5098: 5021: 2430: 2428: 1593:

Modern Hatreds: The Symbolic Politics of Ethnic War

1299: 1297: 394:

United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations

108: 95: 85: 75: 65: 3297:"Stranded in Goris: Karabakh Family Sleeps in Van" 1891:Kambeck, Michael; Ghazaryan, Sargis, eds. (2013). 710:intended for 30,000 Armenian males. The newspaper 4527:"Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict: Humanitarian Support" 3359:Fin DePencier, Katia Galati (29 September 2023). 2718:"Genocide Alert:Artsakh surrenders to Azerbaijan" 4788:. United Nations in Azerbaijan. 2 October 2023. 3961: 3959: 1789:"Why Are Armenia and Azerbaijan Heading to War?" 300:Blockade and capture of the region by Azerbaijan 271:to Armenia in May 1992. The war resulted in the 138:but governed and populated by ethnic Armenians. 316: 118:On 19–20 September 2023 Azerbaijan initiated a 6409:2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh 1203:Council of Europe: Comisioner for Human Rights 584:International Association of Genocide Scholars 237:a mass movement for reunification with Armenia 186:2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh 90:2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh 4999: 4413:"Department Press Briefing - October 2, 2023" 4057: 4055: 548:Legal experts and international organizations 296:persisted, resulting in sporadic casualties. 218:Cultural suppression during the Soviet period 8: 4503:. European Parliament (EU). 4 October 2023. 3132: 3130: 1626:Armenia and Karabagh: the struggle for unity 21: 6384:War crimes in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict 4187:Ghazanchyan, Siranush (30 September 2023). 3666:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 1333: 1331: 1140: 1138: 1136: 5006: 4992: 4984: 4182: 4180: 3534:"Արցախցիների մի խումբ արդեն Կոռնիձորում է" 2157:Council of Europe – Parliamentary Assembly 823:In December 2023, EU foreign policy chief 20: 5821:Azerbaijani Community of Nagorno-Karabakh 5505:Azerbaijan's construction in gained areas 760:Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh 536:Genocide and ethnic cleansing accusations 451:Presidential Administration of Azerbaijan 5328:2012 Armenian–Azerbaijani border clashes 5046:Deportation of Azerbaijanis from Armenia 4751:Psaledakis, Daphne (28 September 2023). 3425:International Committee of the Red Cross 3324: 3322: 3233:Edwards, Christian (27 September 2023). 1959:"CASE OF CHIRAGOV AND OTHERS v. ARMENIA" 706:reported that Azerbaijan was building a 490:International Committee of the Red Cross 440:and on 25 September, petrol stations in 401:Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention 4786:"UN team completes mission to Karabakh" 3532:Հովսեփյան, Տիգրան (24 September 2023). 3391:"UN team completes mission to Karabakh" 1682:Armenian cultural development' in N-K . 1619: 1617: 1552:Contrasts and solutions in the Caucasus 1113:Ռ/Կ, «Ազատություն» (15 November 2023). 874: 872: 870: 837: 516:In Armenia, the theatre in the city of 58:Explosion at a fuel-distribution center 6419:Dissolution of the Republic of Artsakh 6197:2020–2024 monitoring and peacekeeping 5420:Allegations of third-party involvement 5369:July 2020 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes 5314:September 2009 Agdam military incident 5281:1994 Iranian Air Force C-130 shootdown 4946:from the original on 29 September 2023 4763:from the original on 29 September 2023 4732:from the original on 27 September 2023 4701:from the original on 28 September 2023 4267:from the original on 30 September 2023 4218:Ռ/Կ, «Ազատություն» (18 January 2024). 4199:from the original on 30 September 2023 4165:from the original on 25 September 2023 3877:Official website of Luis Moreno Ocampo 3743:from the original on 19 September 2023 3659: 3596:from the original on 27 September 2023 3570:from the original on 25 September 2023 3544:from the original on 24 September 2023 3513:from the original on 28 September 2023 3483:from the original on 30 September 2023 3371:from the original on 30 September 2023 3340:from the original on 28 September 2023 3307:from the original on 29 September 2023 3276:from the original on 30 September 2023 3245:from the original on 28 September 2023 3214:from the original on 27 September 2023 3198: 3196: 3181:from the original on 26 September 2023 3149:from the original on 30 September 2023 3115:from the original on 26 September 2023 3085:from the original on 25 September 2023 3055:from the original on 26 September 2023 3043:ռ/կ, Ազատություն (26 September 2023). 3024:from the original on 26 September 2023 2994:from the original on 30 September 2023 2962:from the original on 28 September 2023 2932:from the original on 25 September 2023 2902:from the original on 28 September 2023 2872:from the original on 27 September 2023 2842:from the original on 24 September 2023 2816:from the original on 24 September 2023 2790:from the original on 23 September 2023 2728:from the original on 23 September 2023 2698:from the original on 29 September 2023 2661:McFarlane, Lydia (15 September 2023). 2624:from the original on 29 September 2023 2571:from the original on 27 September 2023 2540:from the original on 28 September 2023 2479:from the original on 27 September 2023 2413:from the original on 29 September 2023 2383:from the original on 21 September 2023 1963:HUDOC - European Court of Human Rights 1838:Starovoytova, Galina (November 1997). 1430: 1428: 1413:from the original on 23 September 2023 1349:from the original on 27 September 2023 1316:from the original on 28 September 2023 1282:from the original on 28 September 2023 1176:Shahverdyan, Lilit (15 January 2024). 1157:from the original on 30 September 2023 961:from the original on 30 September 2023 890:from the original on 30 September 2023 792:, as well as representatives from the 432:, arriving in Syunik, Armenia via the 6374:Anti-Armenian sentiment in Azerbaijan 5085:Anti-Armenian sentiment in Azerbaijan 3944:from the original on 12 December 2023 3883:from the original on 20 December 2023 3871:Moreno Ocampo, Luis (December 2023). 3849:from the original on 19 December 2023 3813:from the original on 13 December 2023 3783:Political analyst and peace activist 3137:Demourian, Avet (30 September 2023). 2469:"REPORT ARMENIA – Luis Moreno Ocampo" 2448:from the original on 2 September 2023 1858:from the original on 5 September 2015 1605:James Sperling, S. Victor Papacosma, 1529:Tsypylma Darieva, Wolfgang Kaschuba. 1401:Trevelyan, Mark (20 September 2023). 1366: 1364: 1304:Seferian, Nareg (27 September 2023). 1193: 1191: 1108: 1106: 978: 976: 843: 841: 689:Russian Foreign Ministry Spokeswoman 643:, the Prime Minister of Armenia, the 571:and accused Azerbaijan of committing 505:, transported 1,560 individuals from 418:repression of its Armenian population 247:First and Second Nagorno-Karabakh War 166:repression of its Armenian population 7: 5567:Flight of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians 5311:January 2009 Agdam military incident 5041:Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920) 4615:from the original on 12 January 2024 4286:Vincent, Faustine (4 October 2023). 4224:«Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան 4125:. Council of Europe. 12 January 2024 3913:from the original on 9 November 2023 3049:«Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» Ռադիոկայան 2612:Kumar, Anugrah (20 September 2023). 2206:from the original on 21 January 2023 1878:Parts of a Circle I: The Road to War 1726:. Wayne State University Press, 1996 1624:Walker, Christopher J., ed. (1991). 1119:«Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան 909: 907: 905: 698:Azerbaijani concentration camp plans 190:The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict is an 22:Flight of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians 6404:September 2023 events in Azerbaijan 5196:Capture of Gushchular and Malibeyli 5191:1992 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown 5173:1991 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown 4916:from the original on 8 October 2023 4884:from the original on 3 October 2023 4851:from the original on 2 October 2023 4818:from the original on 3 October 2023 4792:from the original on 2 October 2023 4671:from the original on 1 October 2023 4645:from the original on 5 October 2023 4507:from the original on 5 October 2023 4477:from the original on 3 October 2023 4393:from the original on 4 October 2023 4329:from the original on 5 October 2023 4298:from the original on 4 October 2023 4073:from the original on 1 October 2023 4040:from the original on 2 October 2023 4010:from the original on 7 October 2023 3980:from the original on 5 October 2023 3799:Champion, Marc (12 December 2023). 3769:. 19 September 2023. Archived from 3401:from the original on 2 October 2023 2509:from the original on 19 August 2023 1040:from the original on 5 October 2023 1014:Shahverdyan, Lilit (25 July 2022). 995:from the original on 2 October 2023 927:. 29 September 2023. Archived from 855:from the original on 4 October 2023 645:Cypriot Ministry of Foreign Affairs 337:International observers, including 4099:from the original on 7 August 2023 3966:Scheffer, David (4 October 2023). 2776:Light, Felix (23 September 2023). 2559:Sauer, Pjotr (19 September 2023). 2528:Magee, Caolán (6 September 2023). 2016:"Gefährliche Töne im "Frozen War"" 1787:Palmer, James (12 February 2024). 983:Demourian, Avet (2 October 2023). 702:In August 2023, Armenian diplomat 341:, the inaugural prosecutor of the 69:24 September 2023 – 3 October 2023 14: 6369:Human rights abuses in Azerbaijan 5361:2018 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes 5338:2014 Armenian Mil Mi-24 shootdown 5333:2014 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes 5143:Il-76 crash near Leninakan (1988) 4972:. 4 December 2023. Archived from 4417:United States Department of State 4317:Zaman, Amberin (3 October 2023). 3932:Hunt, Edward (12 December 2023). 3264:Hauer, Neil (29 September 2023). 2329:from the original on 28 June 2023 2290:"June Alerts and May Trends 2023" 2167:from the original on 19 July 2023 2078:from the original on 19 July 2023 2048:from the original on 27 July 2023 1550:Ole Høiris, Sefa Martin Yürükel. 718:investigated these reports using 674:President of the European Council 360:On 19 September 2023, Azerbaijan 351:President of the European Council 330:President of the European Council 222:Between 1921 and 1990, under the 16:2023 exodus from Nagorno-Karabakh 6399:September 2023 events in Armenia 6127: 6105: 6079: 6066: 6014: 5967: 5920: 5884: 5858: 5845: 5786: 5734: 5697: 5229:Mardakert and Martuni Offensives 4533:. UK Parliament. 24 October 2023 2838:. Aljazeera. 24 September 2023. 2812:. France 24. 24 September 2023. 2022:. 2 January 2013. Archived from 1848:United States Institute of Peace 255:for independence was met with a 43: 32: 6344:2023 in the Republic of Artsakh 5350:2017 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict 5051:Dissolution of the Soviet Union 4837:Sauer, Pjotr (2 October 2023). 4034:United Nations Office at Geneva 3538:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 3174:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 1502:Starovotova, Galina Vasilevna. 884:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 292:in Nagorno-Karabakh and at the 6261:NATO Lisbon Summit Declaration 5572:Berkadzor fuel depot explosion 5346:2016 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict 5157:1990 Tbilisi–Agdam bus bombing 5134:Shusha and Stepanakert pogroms 4263:. DW News. 27 September 2023. 3453:(in Armenian). 21 October 2023 2374:International Court of Justice 2229:POSTON, ALEXIS (7 June 2023). 1278:. Reuters. 28 September 2023. 817:International Court of Justice 310:International Court of Justice 101:Berkadzor fuel depot explosion 1: 5637:Armenian-occupied territories 5318:2010 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes 4123:Commissioner for Human Rights 2441:Council of the European Union 1986:Green, Anna (20 March 2017). 611:United Nations Refugee Agency 528:Status of remaining residents 283:. A subsequent conflict, the 277:adjacent occupied territories 71:(1 week and 2 days) 6256:Nagorno-Karabakh Declaration 6113:Chechen Republic of Ichkeria 5552:Blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh 5243:1993 Azerbaijani coup d'état 5090:Armenia–Azerbaijan relations 3973:Council on Foreign Relations 1554:, Aarhus Univ. Press, 1998, 1533:, Campus Verlag GmbH, 2007, 810:blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh 607:Council on Foreign Relations 596:International Criminal Court 343:International Criminal Court 182:Blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh 5510:2020–2021 Armenian protests 5477:Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown 4006:. United States: Barron's. 1894:Europe's Next Avoidable War 412:framework – Extermination. 306:blocked the Lachin corridor 294:Armenian-Azerbaijani border 290:violations of the ceasefire 285:Second Nagorno-Karabakh War 143:Second Nagorno-Karabakh War 6437: 6364:Ethnic cleansing in Europe 5557:2023 Azerbaijani offensive 5515:Chaylaggala and Hin Tagher 5487:Treatment of Armenian POWs 3620:www.thenewhumanitarian.org 3592:. BBC. 27 September 2023. 3566:. BBC. 25 September 2023. 1814:"Conflict in the Caucasus" 265:First Nagorno-Karabakh War 175: 147:a nine-month long blockade 5525:September 2022 escalation 5015:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict 2748:"SOS Alert - Artsakh - 2" 1741:Routledge & CRC Press 1699:Routledge & CRC Press 1670:Routledge & CRC Press 281:Armenians from Azerbaijan 178:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict 26: 6359:Ethnic cleansing in Asia 6235:2023 ceasefire agreement 6193:2020 ceasefire agreement 6173:Zheleznovodsk Communiqué 5444:Ghazanchetsots Cathedral 5286:1994 Bagratashen bombing 5276:1994 Baku Metro bombings 561:1948 Genocide Convention 6354:Armenians in Azerbaijan 6244:International documents 6221:EUPAT Dec 2022–Jan 2023 5415:International reactions 5365:2019 clash near Chinari 5129:Zvartnots Airport clash 5080:Azerbaijanis in Armenia 5068:Armenians in Azerbaijan 4695:Public Radio of Armenia 4193:Public Radio of Armenia 3938:Foreign Policy in Focus 1435:Yamskov, A. N. (1991). 580:University of Minnesota 573:crimes against humanity 375:Anti-Armenian sentiment 241:independence referendum 233:Armenians in Nakhchivan 130:and the disbandment of 6414:Azerbaijani war crimes 6296:UNGA Resolution 62/243 6291:UNGA Resolution 60/285 6286:UNGA Resolution 48/114 5547:2022 Armenian protests 5379:Protests in Azerbaijan 5323:2010 Mardakert clashes 5307:2008 Mardakert clashes 5291:Refugees in Azerbaijan 5258:1993 Summer Offensives 2200:www.europarl.europa.eu 1767:www.europarl.europa.eu 815:Armenia requested the 763: 746:International response 740:Tigranakert of Artsakh 410:ten stages of genocide 362:initiated an offensive 332:, on 1 September 2023. 321: 158:crime against humanity 104:70 en route to Armenia 6251:Astrakhan Declaration 6226:EUMA Feb 2023–present 5990:Arkady Ter-Tadevosyan 5943:Norat Ter-Grigoryants 5498:Post-ceasefire events 5220:Capture of Artsvashen 5201:Capture of Garadaghly 4069:. 26 September 2023. 4036:. 29 September 2023. 3739:. 19 September 2023. 3509:. 30 September 2023. 3479:. 29 September 2023. 3177:. 26 September 2023. 3143:Associated Press News 3111:. 26 September 2023. 3081:. 26 September 2023. 3020:. 25 September 2023. 2990:. 29 September 2023. 2958:. 25 September 2023. 2928:. 25 September 2023. 2868:. 27 September 2023. 2724:. 21 September 2023. 2688:"SOS Alert – Artsakh" 2467:Moreno Ocampo, Luis. 1903:10.1057/9781137030009 1345:. 26 September 2023. 957:. 29 September 2023. 886:. 30 September 2023. 753: 582:and president of the 60:amidst the evacuation 6281:PACE Resolution 2085 6276:PACE Resolution 1416 6271:OIC Resolution 10/37 6266:OIC Resolution 10/11 5902:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan 5430:Aras Valley campaign 5342:2016 Odundağ clashes 5262:Operation Geghamasar 5183:Siege of Stepanakert 4976:on 22 December 2023. 4000:Agence France-Presse 3773:on 19 September 2023 2650:. 12 September 2023. 2473:luismorenoocampo.com 2444:. 1 September 2023. 2325:. 22 February 2023. 1988:"Spotlight Karabakh" 931:on 30 September 2023 762:, September 21, 2023 6216:EUMCAP Oct–Dec 2022 6140:Gulbuddin Hekmatyar 5975:Republic of Artsakh 5938:Gurgen Dalibaltayan 5777:Samvel Shahramanyan 5742:Republic of Artsakh 5710:Levon Ter-Petrosyan 5562:Protests in Armenia 5354:Shelling of Alxanlı 5233:Operation Həsənqaya 4611:. 11 January 2024. 3909:. 9 November 2023. 2353:The Washington Post 2294:www.crisisgroup.org 2264:www.crisisgroup.org 2026:on 11 January 2013. 1651:Chorbajian, Levon. 1590:Stuart J. Kaufman, 1376:www.intellinews.com 1205:. 12 January 2024. 655:instigators of the 603:European Parliament 569:Genocide Convention 488:On 19 October, the 261:forced deportations 206:over the region of 196:territorial dispute 128:Republic of Artsakh 23: 6394:Refugees in Europe 6086:Viktor Polyanichko 5772:Arayik Harutyunyan 5625:Shahumyan Province 5615:Martakert Province 5610:Kashatagh Province 5271:Operation Kalbajar 5248:Battle of Kalbajar 5224:Operation Goranboy 5187:Operation Dashalty 4912:. 5 October 2023. 4641:. 7 October 2023. 4501:europarl.europa.eu 4473:. 3 October 2023. 4323:www.al-monitor.com 4002:(5 October 2023). 3647:www.al-monitor.com 3397:. 2 October 2023. 2618:The Christian Post 2192:Ștefănuță, Nicolae 1453:10.1007/BF00232663 1441:Theory and Society 1226:. 22 November 2023 1036:. 5 October 2023. 920:The Canadian Press 764: 708:concentration camp 565:Western Azerbaijan 553:Luis Moreno Ocampo 355:Ronald Grigor Suny 339:Luis Moreno Ocampo 120:military offensive 6349:Armenian refugees 6331: 6330: 6188:Madrid Principles 6168:Tehran Communiqué 6005:Mikael Arzumanyan 6000:Jalal Harutyunyan 5985:Kristapor Ivanyan 5953:Tiran Khachatryan 5865:Mikhail Gorbachev 5757:Leonard Petrosyan 5690:Political leaders 5679:Zangilan District 5657:Kalbajar District 5652:Jabrayil District 5425:Madagiz offensive 5266:Operation Horadiz 5239:Operation Qazançı 5216:Capture of Shusha 5166:Voskepar massacre 5073:Armenians in Baku 5056:Karabakh movement 4940:www.aljazeera.com 4559:. 12 January 2024 4358:. 12 October 2023 3713:. 27 October 2023 3622:. 25 October 2023 3427:. 19 October 2023 3395:azerbaijan.un.org 3079:Trend News Agency 2104:. 17 January 2023 1912:978-1-349-33644-9 1722:Malkasian, Mark. 1635:978-1-873194-00-3 1489:Laurila, Juhani. 657:Armenian genocide 624:Council of Europe 557:Armenian genocide 324:—Spokesperson of 257:series of pogroms 253:Karabakh movement 116: 115: 6426: 6389:Refugees in Asia 6301:UNSC resolutions 6178:OSCE Minsk Group 6163:Bishkek Protocol 6133: 6131: 6130: 6111: 6109: 6108: 6084: 6083: 6082: 6072: 6070: 6069: 6047:Mais Barkhudarov 6027:Isgandar Hamidov 6020: 6018: 6017: 5973: 5971: 5970: 5926: 5924: 5923: 5913:Military leaders 5890: 5888: 5887: 5863: 5862: 5861: 5851: 5849: 5848: 5836:Tural Ganjaliyev 5804:Abulfaz Elchibey 5792: 5790: 5789: 5762:Arkadi Ghukasyan 5752:Robert Kocharyan 5740: 5738: 5737: 5715:Robert Kocharyan 5703: 5701: 5700: 5674:Qubadli District 5620:Martuni Province 5600:Askeran Province 5472:Battle of Shusha 5467:Lachin offensive 5462:Battle of Hadrut 5300:Interwar clashes 5253:Battle of Aghdam 5236:Battle of Lachin 5206:Khojaly massacre 5139:Kirovabad pogrom 5029:Nagorno-Karabakh 5008: 5001: 4994: 4985: 4978: 4977: 4962: 4956: 4955: 4953: 4951: 4932: 4926: 4925: 4923: 4921: 4900: 4894: 4893: 4891: 4889: 4867: 4861: 4860: 4858: 4856: 4834: 4828: 4827: 4825: 4823: 4808: 4802: 4801: 4799: 4797: 4782: 4773: 4772: 4770: 4768: 4748: 4742: 4741: 4739: 4737: 4717: 4711: 4710: 4708: 4706: 4687: 4681: 4680: 4678: 4676: 4661: 4655: 4654: 4652: 4650: 4631: 4625: 4624: 4622: 4620: 4601: 4595: 4594: 4592: 4590: 4575: 4569: 4568: 4566: 4564: 4549: 4543: 4542: 4540: 4538: 4523: 4517: 4516: 4514: 4512: 4493: 4487: 4486: 4484: 4482: 4461: 4455: 4454: 4452: 4450: 4445:. 3 October 2023 4435: 4429: 4428: 4426: 4424: 4419:. 2 October 2023 4409: 4403: 4402: 4400: 4398: 4377: 4371: 4370: 4365: 4363: 4353: 4345: 4339: 4338: 4336: 4334: 4314: 4308: 4307: 4305: 4303: 4283: 4277: 4276: 4274: 4272: 4257: 4251: 4242: 4236: 4235: 4233: 4231: 4215: 4209: 4208: 4206: 4204: 4184: 4175: 4174: 4172: 4170: 4155: 4149: 4148: 4141: 4135: 4134: 4132: 4130: 4115: 4109: 4108: 4106: 4104: 4089: 4083: 4082: 4080: 4078: 4059: 4050: 4049: 4047: 4045: 4026: 4020: 4019: 4017: 4015: 3996: 3990: 3989: 3987: 3985: 3963: 3954: 3953: 3951: 3949: 3929: 3923: 3922: 3920: 3918: 3899: 3893: 3892: 3890: 3888: 3868: 3862: 3861: 3856: 3854: 3832: 3826: 3825: 3820: 3818: 3796: 3790: 3789: 3780: 3778: 3759: 3753: 3752: 3750: 3748: 3729: 3723: 3722: 3720: 3718: 3703: 3697: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3686:Lemkin Institute 3678: 3672: 3671: 3665: 3657: 3655: 3653: 3638: 3632: 3631: 3629: 3627: 3612: 3606: 3605: 3603: 3601: 3586: 3580: 3579: 3577: 3575: 3560: 3554: 3553: 3551: 3549: 3529: 3523: 3522: 3520: 3518: 3499: 3493: 3492: 3490: 3488: 3469: 3463: 3462: 3460: 3458: 3443: 3437: 3436: 3434: 3432: 3417: 3411: 3410: 3408: 3406: 3387: 3381: 3380: 3378: 3376: 3356: 3350: 3349: 3347: 3345: 3326: 3317: 3316: 3314: 3312: 3292: 3286: 3285: 3283: 3281: 3261: 3255: 3254: 3252: 3250: 3230: 3224: 3223: 3221: 3219: 3200: 3191: 3190: 3188: 3186: 3165: 3159: 3158: 3156: 3154: 3134: 3125: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3101: 3095: 3094: 3092: 3090: 3071: 3065: 3064: 3062: 3060: 3040: 3034: 3033: 3031: 3029: 3010: 3004: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2978: 2972: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2948: 2942: 2941: 2939: 2937: 2918: 2912: 2911: 2909: 2907: 2888: 2882: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2858: 2852: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2832: 2826: 2825: 2823: 2821: 2806: 2800: 2799: 2797: 2795: 2773: 2767: 2766: 2760: 2758: 2752:Lemkin Institute 2744: 2738: 2737: 2735: 2733: 2714: 2708: 2707: 2705: 2703: 2692:Lemkin Institute 2684: 2678: 2677: 2675: 2673: 2658: 2652: 2651: 2640: 2634: 2633: 2631: 2629: 2609: 2603: 2602: 2601: 2599: 2587: 2581: 2580: 2578: 2576: 2556: 2550: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2525: 2519: 2518: 2516: 2514: 2503:Greek City Times 2495: 2489: 2488: 2486: 2484: 2464: 2458: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2432: 2423: 2422: 2420: 2418: 2399: 2393: 2392: 2390: 2388: 2382: 2371: 2363: 2357: 2356: 2348: 2339: 2338: 2336: 2334: 2315: 2309: 2308: 2303: 2301: 2286: 2280: 2279: 2273: 2271: 2256: 2250: 2249: 2243: 2241: 2235:fundforpeace.org 2226: 2220: 2219: 2213: 2211: 2186: 2180: 2179: 2174: 2172: 2149: 2143: 2142: 2137: 2135: 2120: 2114: 2113: 2111: 2109: 2094: 2088: 2087: 2085: 2083: 2074:. 20 June 2023. 2064: 2058: 2057: 2055: 2053: 2044:. 19 July 2023. 2034: 2028: 2027: 2012: 2006: 2005: 2000: 1998: 1983: 1977: 1976: 1971: 1969: 1955: 1949: 1948: 1943: 1941: 1926: 1920: 1919: 1888: 1882: 1881: 1874: 1868: 1867: 1865: 1863: 1857: 1844: 1835: 1829: 1828: 1826: 1824: 1810: 1804: 1803: 1801: 1799: 1784: 1778: 1777: 1775: 1773: 1759: 1753: 1752: 1750: 1748: 1733: 1727: 1720: 1714: 1713: 1707: 1705: 1691: 1685: 1684: 1678: 1676: 1662: 1656: 1649: 1643: 1642: 1621: 1612: 1603: 1597: 1588: 1582: 1575:Mark Malkasian, 1573: 1567: 1548: 1542: 1527: 1521: 1515: 1509: 1500: 1494: 1487: 1481: 1480: 1432: 1423: 1422: 1420: 1418: 1398: 1392: 1391: 1385: 1383: 1368: 1359: 1358: 1356: 1354: 1335: 1326: 1325: 1323: 1321: 1310:The Conversation 1301: 1292: 1291: 1289: 1287: 1272: 1261: 1260: 1258: 1256: 1246: 1240: 1239: 1233: 1231: 1216: 1210: 1209: 1195: 1186: 1185: 1173: 1167: 1166: 1164: 1162: 1142: 1131: 1130: 1128: 1126: 1110: 1101: 1100: 1094: 1092: 1086:Lemkin Institute 1078: 1072: 1071: 1069: 1067: 1062:. 4 October 2023 1056: 1050: 1049: 1047: 1045: 1030: 1024: 1023: 1011: 1005: 1004: 1002: 1000: 989:Associated Press 980: 971: 970: 968: 966: 947: 941: 940: 938: 936: 911: 900: 899: 897: 895: 876: 865: 864: 862: 860: 845: 728:spatial analysis 542:ethnic cleansing 497:Armenian support 479:Anahit Avanesian 472:Nagorno-Karabakh 387: 379:Elchin Amirbeyov 333: 208:Nagorno-Karabakh 132:its armed forces 124:Nagorno-Karabakh 122:in the disputed 80:Nagorno-Karabakh 47: 36: 24: 6436: 6435: 6429: 6428: 6427: 6425: 6424: 6423: 6334: 6333: 6332: 6327: 6239: 6146: 6128: 6126: 6106: 6104: 6080: 6078: 6067: 6065: 6052:Hikmat Mirzayev 6042:Valeh Barshadly 6015: 6013: 5995:Monte Melkonian 5968: 5966: 5948:Jirair Sefilian 5933:Vazgen Sargsyan 5921: 5919: 5908: 5885: 5883: 5859: 5857: 5846: 5844: 5831:Nizami Bahmanov 5799:Ayaz Mutallibov 5787: 5785: 5747:Artur Mkrtchyan 5735: 5733: 5725:Nikol Pashinyan 5698: 5696: 5685: 5667:Lachin corridor 5662:Lachin District 5647:Fuzuli District 5642:Aghdam District 5630:Shushi Province 5605:Hadrut Province 5578: 5493: 5390: 5295: 5211:Maraga massacre 5094: 5017: 5012: 4982: 4981: 4964: 4963: 4959: 4949: 4947: 4934: 4933: 4929: 4919: 4917: 4902: 4901: 4897: 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839: 834: 748: 724:Aghdam District 700: 691:Maria Zakharova 641:Nikol Pashinyan 637: 628:Dunja Mijatović 614:situation. The 550: 538: 530: 499: 461:Ruben Vardanyan 430:Lachin corridor 426: 392:, chair of the 381: 371: 335: 323: 302: 269:Lachin corridor 249: 220: 188: 176:Main articles: 174: 103: 70: 61: 55: 52: 51: 50: 49: 48: 39: 38: 37: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6434: 6433: 6430: 6422: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6381: 6379:Migrant crises 6376: 6371: 6366: 6361: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6336: 6335: 6329: 6328: 6326: 6325: 6324: 6323: 6318: 6313: 6308: 6298: 6293: 6288: 6283: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6263: 6258: 6253: 6247: 6245: 6241: 6240: 6238: 6237: 6232: 6231: 6230: 6229: 6228: 6223: 6218: 6208: 6203: 6195: 6190: 6185: 6183:Prague Process 6180: 6175: 6170: 6165: 6160: 6154: 6152: 6148: 6147: 6145: 6144: 6143: 6142: 6123: 6122: 6121: 6120: 6118:Shamil Basayev 6101: 6100: 6099: 6098: 6096:Rustam Muradov 6093: 6088: 6062: 6061: 6060: 6059: 6057:Hikmat Hasanov 6054: 6049: 6044: 6039: 6037:Surat Huseynov 6034: 6029: 6010: 6009: 6008: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5980:Samvel Babayan 5963: 5962: 5961: 5960: 5958:Seyran Ohanyan 5955: 5950: 5945: 5940: 5935: 5916: 5914: 5910: 5909: 5907: 5906: 5905: 5904: 5899: 5880: 5879: 5878: 5877: 5875:Vladimir Putin 5872: 5867: 5841: 5840: 5839: 5838: 5833: 5828: 5826:Bayram Safarov 5818: 5817: 5816: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5782: 5781: 5780: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5764: 5759: 5754: 5749: 5730: 5729: 5728: 5727: 5722: 5720:Serzh Sargsyan 5717: 5712: 5693: 5691: 5687: 5686: 5684: 5683: 5682: 5681: 5676: 5671: 5670: 5669: 5659: 5654: 5649: 5644: 5634: 5633: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5586: 5584: 5583:Main locations 5580: 5579: 5577: 5576: 5575: 5574: 5569: 5564: 5554: 5549: 5544: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5528: 5527: 5517: 5512: 5507: 5501: 5499: 5495: 5494: 5492: 5491: 5490: 5489: 5479: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5459: 5434:Bombardments ( 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5401: 5399: 5392: 5391: 5389: 5388: 5387: 5386: 5381: 5376: 5366: 5363: 5358: 5357: 5356: 5348: 5343: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5312: 5309: 5303: 5301: 5297: 5296: 5294: 5293: 5288: 5283: 5278: 5273: 5268: 5263: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5237: 5234: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5193: 5188: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5169:Battle of Togh 5167: 5164: 5162:Operation Ring 5159: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5141: 5136: 5131: 5126: 5121: 5119:Sumgait pogrom 5116: 5111: 5109:Çardaqlı clash 5105: 5103: 5096: 5095: 5093: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5077: 5076: 5075: 5065: 5064: 5063: 5053: 5048: 5043: 5038: 5037: 5036: 5025: 5023: 5019: 5018: 5013: 5011: 5010: 5003: 4996: 4988: 4980: 4979: 4970:eeas.europa.eu 4957: 4927: 4895: 4862: 4829: 4803: 4774: 4743: 4712: 4682: 4656: 4626: 4596: 4570: 4544: 4518: 4488: 4456: 4430: 4404: 4372: 4340: 4309: 4278: 4252: 4237: 4210: 4176: 4150: 4136: 4110: 4084: 4051: 4021: 3991: 3955: 3924: 3894: 3863: 3827: 3806:Bloomberg News 3791: 3785:Bahruz Samadov 3754: 3724: 3698: 3673: 3633: 3607: 3581: 3555: 3524: 3494: 3464: 3438: 3412: 3382: 3367:. Eurasianet. 3365:eurasianet.org 3351: 3318: 3287: 3256: 3225: 3192: 3160: 3126: 3096: 3066: 3035: 3005: 2973: 2943: 2913: 2883: 2853: 2827: 2801: 2768: 2739: 2722:Genocide Watch 2709: 2679: 2653: 2635: 2604: 2582: 2551: 2520: 2490: 2459: 2424: 2394: 2358: 2340: 2310: 2281: 2251: 2221: 2181: 2144: 2115: 2089: 2059: 2029: 2020:Wiener Zeitung 2007: 1978: 1950: 1936:. 5 April 2016 1921: 1911: 1897:. p. 25. 1883: 1869: 1851:. p. 24. 1830: 1805: 1793:Foreign Policy 1779: 1754: 1728: 1715: 1686: 1657: 1644: 1634: 1613: 1598: 1583: 1568: 1543: 1522: 1510: 1495: 1482: 1447:(5): 631–660. 1424: 1393: 1378:. 31 July 2023 1360: 1327: 1293: 1262: 1241: 1211: 1187: 1168: 1132: 1102: 1073: 1051: 1025: 1006: 972: 942: 925:Yahoo! Finance 901: 866: 851:. Armenpress. 836: 835: 833: 830: 772:Samantha Power 747: 744: 699: 696: 677:Charles Michel 668:Samantha Power 636: 633: 588:David Scheffer 549: 546: 537: 534: 529: 526: 498: 495: 425: 422: 406:Genocide Watch 370: 367: 347:Charles Michel 326:Charles Michel 315: 301: 298: 248: 245: 229:White Genocide 219: 216: 173: 170: 114: 113: 110: 106: 105: 97: 93: 92: 87: 83: 82: 77: 73: 72: 67: 63: 62: 53: 42: 41: 40: 31: 30: 29: 28: 27: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6432: 6431: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6341: 6339: 6322: 6319: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6304: 6303: 6302: 6299: 6297: 6294: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6248: 6246: 6242: 6236: 6233: 6227: 6224: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6213: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6198: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6186: 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