2610:"qui obiit in exercitu in Northumberland" (who died in the army in Northumberland), which perhaps indicates that the death occurred elsewhere than at Flodden, or that the place of death was unknown. In the Responde Books the earlier Sasines (property documents) are silent as to the campaign. The later Sasines refer to it as "bellum", or "campus bellicus," and it is not till 1518 that Flodden is named, and then only about half-a-dozen times. ..., It must be borne in mind that it is only the King's vassals or tenants who left heirs in lands in the comparatively small portion of Scotland then held by the King, whose names can be expected to appear in the present Accounts. Besides the names in the following list, there are many other instances of Sasines taken in favour of the heirs of persons whom we know from other sources to have died at Flodden. p.clxii
1430:
overview of the field. He was, however, well-known for taking risks in battle and it would have been out of character for him to stay back. Encountering the same difficulties as the previous attack, James's men nevertheless fought their way to Surrey's bodyguard but no further. The final uncommitted
Scottish formation, Argyll and Lennox's Highlanders held back, perhaps awaiting orders. The last English formation to engage was Stanley's force which, after following a circuitous route from Barmoor, finally arrived on the right of the Scottish line. They loosed volleys of arrows into Argyll and Lennox's battle, whose men lacked armour or any other effective defence against the archers. After suffering heavy casualties the Highlanders scattered.
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armoured men in the front rank so that the
English archers had little impact. The outnumbered English battle was forced back and elements of it began to run off. Surrey saved his son from disaster by ordering the intervention of Dacre's light horsemen, who were able to approach unobserved in the dead ground that had been exploited earlier by the vanguard. The eventual result was a stalemate in which both sides stood off from each other and played no further part in the battle. According to later accounts, when Huntley suggested that they rejoin the fighting, Home replied: "the man does well this day who saves himself: we fought those who were opposed to us and beat them; let our other companies do the same!".
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approach. James quickly saw the threat and ordered his army to break camp and move to
Branxton Hill, a commanding position which would deny the feature to the English and still give his pike formations the advantage of a downhill attack if the opportunity arose. The disadvantage was that the Scots were moving onto ground that had not been reconnoitred. The Lord Admiral, arriving with his vanguard at Branxton village, was unaware of the new Scottish position which was obscured by smoke from burning rubbish; when he finally caught sight of the Scottish army arrayed on Branxton Hill, he sent a messenger to his father urging him to hurry and also sending his
1179:
frontal attack on
Flodden Edge, uphill in the face of the Scottish guns in their prepared position and in all probability be defeated, or to refuse battle, earning disgrace and the anger of King Henry. Waiting for James to make a move was not an option because his 26,000 strong army desperately needed resupply, the convoy of wagons bringing food and beer for the troops from Newcastle having been ambushed and looted by local Englishmen. During a council of war on Wednesday evening, an ingenious alternative plan was devised, advised by "the Bastard" Heron, who had intimate local knowledge and had recently arrived at the English camp.
1455:. The Scottish ambassador, Andrew Brounhill, was given instructions to explain "how this cais is hapnit." Brounhill's instructions blame James IV for moving down the hill to attack the English on marshy ground from a favourable position, and credits the victory to Scottish inexperience rather than English valour. The letter also mentions that the Scots placed their officers in the front line in medieval style, where they were vulnerable, contrasting this loss of the nobility with the English great men who took their stand with the reserves and at the rear. The English generals stayed behind the lines in the
1223:. James may have assumed that Surrey was heading for Berwick-upon-Tweed for resupply, but he was actually intending to outflank the Scots and either attack or blockade them from the rear. At 5 am on the morning of Friday, 9 September, after a damp night on short rations and having to drink water from streams because the beer had run out, Surrey's men set off westwards to complete their manoeuvre. Their objective was Branxton Hill, lying less than 2 miles (3.2 km) north of James's camp at Flodden. To re-cross the River Till, the English army split into two; one force under Surrey crossed several
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been poorly sited instead of being carefully emplaced, which was usually required for such heavy weapons, further slowing their ponderous rate of fire. This may explain
English claims that the Scottish guns were destroyed by return fire, when in fact they were captured undamaged after the battle. The apparent silence of the Scottish artillery allowed the light English guns to turn a rapid fire on the massed ranks of infantry, although the effectiveness of this bombardment is difficult to assess.
902:. Surprising the Scots with a sudden volley of arrows, the English killed as many as 600 of the Scots before they were able to escape, leaving their booty and the Home family banner behind them. Although the "Ill Raid" had little effect on the forthcoming campaign, it may have influenced James's decision not to fight an open battle against Surrey on the same ground. Whether the raid was undertaken solely on Lord Home's initiative, or whether it had been authorised by James is unknown.
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2584:. The battle was mentioned because of the declaration James IV had made at Twiselhaugh respecting the heritage of the heirs of potential casualties, which waived feudal fees. Some of the lands noted were those held under Matthew, Earl of Lennox, who died in the battle of Flodden Field, "in campo bellico de Flodoun" (in the field of war at Flodden). Other great seal charters mentioned an altar dedicated for remembrance at
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873:. Only a small number of the light horsemen of the Scottish border had been sent to France. A northern army was maintained with artillery and its expense account started on 21 July. The first captains were recruited in Lambeth. Many of these soldiers wore green and white Tudor colours. Surrey marched to Doncaster in July and then Pontefract, where he assembled more troops from northern England.
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1512:, 'the bills disappointed the Scots of their long spears, on which they relied.' The infantrymen at Flodden, both Scots and English, had fought essentially like their ancestors, and Flodden has been described as the last great medieval battle in the British Isles. This was the last time that bill and pike would come together as equals in battle. Two years later
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they might know one another and brought the king furth of the feild, upoun ane dun hackney," and also that the king escaped from the field but was killed between Duns and Kelso. Similarly, John Lesley adds that the body taken to
England was "my lord Bonhard" and James was seen in Kelso after the battle and then went secretly on pilgrimage in far nations.
1331:, and six great serpentines. These modern weapons fired an iron ball weighing up to 66 pounds (30 kg) to a range of 2,000 yards (1,800 m). However, the heaviest of these required a team of 36 oxen to move each one and were only able to fire once every twenty minutes at the most. They were commanded by the king's secretary,
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2601:, a record of royal income, also gives names of the fallen. These were feudal tenants who held their lands from the King and would pay their dues directly to the exchequer. The names of landless men or those who held their lands from a landlord would not appear in this record. The preface to the published volume of the
1714:) and a detailed account of the battle written by Lord Howard. Brian Tuke mentioned in his letter to Cardinal Bainbridge that the coat was lacerated and chequered with blood. Catherine suggested Henry should use the coat as his battle-banner, and wrote she had thought to send him the body too, as Henry had sent her the
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The western side of the battlefield, looking south-south-east from the monument erected in 1910. towards
Branxton Hill on the skyline. The Scottish army advanced down the ploughed field, the English down the grassy field in the foreground. The modern boundary between the two fields marks the position
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On Sunday 4 September, James and the
Scottish army had taken up a position at Flodden Edge, a hill to the south of Branxton. This was an immensely strong natural feature since the flanks were protected by marshes on one side and steep slopes on the other, leaving only a direct approach. The amount of
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and began to pillage farms and villages, taking anything of value before burning the houses. Surrey had taken the precaution of sending Sir
William Bulmer north with 200 mounted archers, which Bulmer augmented with locally levied men to create a force approaching 1,000 in strength. On 13 August, they
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and marsh which so badly hampered the Scots advance is now drained. A monument, erected in 1910, is easily reached from
Branxton village by following the road past St Paul's Church. There is a small car park and a clearly marked and signposted battlefield trail with interpretive boards which make it
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to Rome on 20 September, claiming 12,000 Scots had died, with fewer than 500 English casualties. Italian newsletters put the Scottish losses at 18,000 or 20,000 and the English at 5,000. Brian Tuke, the English Clerk of the Signet, sent a newsletter stating 10,000 Scots killed and 10,000 escaped the
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Surrey's army lost 1,500 men killed in battle. There were various conflicting accounts of the Scottish loss. A contemporary account produced in French for the Royal Postmaster of England, in the immediate aftermath of the battle, states that about 10,000 Scots were killed, a claim repeated by Henry
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The usual form of entry is "qui obiit in bello" (who died in the war), "in campo bellico" (in field of war), or "in campo" (in the field); but the forms also occur "qui obiit sub vixillo regis", (who died under the king's banner), which probably denotes that the fallen man was killed at Flodden, or
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It is unclear whether James had seen the difficulty encountered by the battle of the three earls, but he followed them down the slope regardless, making for Surrey's formation. James has been criticised for placing himself in the front line, thereby putting himself in personal danger and losing his
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as a groundwater seepage zone, made worse by days of heavy rain. As they struggled to cross the waterlogged ground, the Scots lost the cohesion and momentum on which pike formations depended for success. Once the line was disrupted, the long pikes became an unwieldy encumbrance, and the Scots began
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The next phase started when Home and Huntley's battle on the Scottish left advanced downhill towards the opposite troops commanded by Edmund Howard. They advanced, according to the English, "in good order, after the Alamayns manner, without speaking a word". The Scots had placed their most heavily
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Pitscottie says the vanguard crossed the bridge at 11 am and that James would not allow the Scots artillery to fire on the vulnerable English during this manoeuvre. This is not credible, since the bridge is some 6 miles (9.7 km) distant from Flodden, but James's scouts must have reported their
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After besieging and capturing several English border castles, James encamped his invading army on a commanding hilltop position at Flodden, awaited the English force that had been sent against him and declined a challenge to fight in an open field. Surrey's army, therefore, carried out a circuitous
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on 21 October, where the 17-month-old King was crowned in the Chapel Royal. The General Council of Lords made special provisions for the heirs of those killed at Flodden, following a declaration made by James IV at Twiselhaugh, and protection for their widows and daughters. Margaret Tudor remained
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However, according to contemporary English reports, Thomas Howard marched on foot leading the English vanguard to the foot of the hill. Howard was moved to dismount and do this by taunts of cowardice sent by James IV's heralds, apparently based on his role at sea and the death two years earlier of
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At about 4 pm on Friday in wet and windy weather, James began the battle with an artillery duel, but his big guns did not perform as well as he had hoped. Contemporary accounts put this down to the difficulty for the Scots of shooting downhill, but another factor must have been that their guns had
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pendant to underline the gravity of his situation. In the meantime, he positioned his troops on the dead ground from where he hoped that the Scots could not assess the size of his force. James declined to attack the vulnerable vanguard, reportedly saying that he was "determined to have them all in
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The battle began with an artillery duel followed by a downhill advance by Scottish infantry armed with pikes. Unknown to the Scots, an area of marshy land lay in their path, which had the effect of breaking up their formations. That gave the English troops the chance to bring about a close-quarter
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Soon after the battle, there were legends that James IV had survived. A Scottish merchant at Tournai in October claimed to have spoken with him, and Lindsay of Pitscottie records two myths: "thair cam four great men upon hors, and every ane of thame had ane wisp upoun thair spear headis, quhairby
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of the Scottish East March who had been killed by John "The Bastard" Heron in 1508, James invaded England with an army of about 30,000 men. However, both sides had been making lengthy preparations for this conflict. Henry VIII had already organised an army and artillery in the north of England to
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And now, for a conclusion, recommend me to your master and tell him if he be so hardy to invade my realm or cause to enter one foot of my ground I shall make him as weary of his part as ever was man that began any such business. And one thing I ensure him by the faith that I have to the Crown of
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The fierce fighting continued, centred on the contest between Surrey and James. As other English formations overcame the Scottish forces they had initially engaged, they moved to reinforce their leader. An instruction to English troops that no prisoners were to be taken explains the exceptional
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as appointed. James had no intention of leaving his carefully prepared position, perhaps recalling the fate of the Ill Raid on the same plain; he replied to Surrey that it was "not fitting for an Earl to seek to command a King". This put Surrey in a difficult position; the choice was to make a
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The Scots' advance down the hill was resisted by a hail of arrows, an incident celebrated in later English ballads. Hall says that the armoured front line was mostly unaffected; this is confirmed by the ballads which note that some few Scots were wounded in the scalp and, wrote Hall, James IV
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England and by the word of a King, there shall never King nor Prince make peace with me that ever his part shall be in it. Moreover, fellow, I care for nothing but for misentreating of my sister, that would God she were in England on a condition she cost the Schottes King not a penny.
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In the meantime, James had observed Home and Huntley's initial success and ordered the advance of the next battle in line, commanded by Errol, Crawford and Montrose. At the foot of Branxton Hill, they encountered an unforeseen obstacle, an area of marshy ground, identified by modern
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on 11 August at his tent at the siege was recorded. The Herald declared that Henry should abandon his efforts against the town and go home. Angered, Henry said that James had no right to summon him, and ought to be England's ally, as James was married to his (Henry's) sister,
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as "keen and sharp spears 5 yards long". Although the pike had become a Swiss weapon of choice and represented modern warfare, the hilly terrain of Northumberland, the nature of the combat, and the slippery footing did not allow it to be employed to the best effect.
1338:
Upon Surrey's arrival, he deployed his troops on the forward slope of Piper Hill to match the Scottish dispositions. On his right, facing Hume and Huntley, was a battle composed of men from Cheshire, Lancashire and Yorkshire, commanded by Surrey's third son,
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and known as "the Flowers of the Forest". Despite having the finest armour available, the king's corpse was found to have two arrow wounds, one in the jaw, and wounds from bladed weapons to the neck and wrist. He was the last monarch to die in battle in the
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in November with a shipload of armaments which were transported to Stirling. The English already knew the details of this planned shipment from a paper found in a bag at Flodden field. Now that James IV was dead, Antoine d'Arces promoted the appointment of
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In addition to these relics, the gold crucifix worn by James IV on the field of battle, set with three balas rubies and three sapphires and containing a fragment of the True Cross, was listed in the jewel book inventory of Henry VIII in the chapel of the
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A diagram published in 1859, showing the arrangement of opposing forces at the Battle of Flodden. An error is that Edward Stanley's force is shown incorporated into the left of the English line, when in fact he arrived on the Scottish flank late in the
1414:
to drop them "so that it seemed as if a wood were falling down" according to a later English poem. Reaching for their side-arms of swords and axes, they found themselves outreached by the English bills in the close-quarter fighting that developed.
1668:, it was viewed by the captured Scottish courtiers William Scott and John Forman who acknowledged it was the king's. (Forman, the king's sergeant-porter, had been captured by Richard Assheton of Middleton.) The body was then embalmed and taken to
1560:, which contains the unique "Flodden Window." It depicts and names the archers and their priest in stained glass. The window has been called the oldest known war memorial in the UK. The success of the Cheshire yeomanry, under the command of
815:. However, the fleet was so badly delayed that it played no part in the war; unfortunately, James had sent most of his experienced artillerymen with the expedition, a decision which was to have unforeseen consequences for his land campaign.
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on 19 September, and set up a General Council of the Realm "to sit upon the daily council for all matters occurring in the realm" of thirty-five lords including clergymen, lords of parliament, and two of the minor barons, the lairds of
1467:. A version of Howard's declaration to James IV that he would lead the vanguard and take no prisoners was included in later English chronicle accounts of the battle. Howard claimed his presence in "proper person" at the front was his
1639:
retrieved a powder flask belonging to James IV and gave it to Henry VIII. A cross with rubies and sapphires with a gold chain worn by James and a hexagonal table salt with the figure of St Andrews on the lid were given to Henry by
1618:
with a sword, a dagger and a turquoise ring in 1681. The family tradition was either that these items belonged to James IV or were arms carried by Thomas Howard at Flodden. The sword blade is signed by the maker Maestre Domingo of
1880:(published in 1582) that, according to the lists that were compiled throughout the counties of Scotland, there were about 5,000 killed. A plaque on the monument to the 2nd Duke of Norfolk (as the Earl of Surrey became in 1514) at
1524:
noted the Scots' iron spears and their initial "very good order after the German fashion", but concluded that "the English halberdiers decided the whole affair, so that in the battle the bows and ordnance were of little use."
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Each year, the neighbouring Scottish town of Coldstream marks the Battle of Flodden with a traditional horse ride to the battlefield and then having a service to mark all those who perished during the fight during the town's
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gave a location for the king's death; "Pipard's Hill," now unknown, which may have been the small hill on Branxton Ridge overlooking Branxton church. Dacre took the body to Berwick-upon-Tweed, where according to Hall's
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on 1 September. Surrey had 500 soldiers with him and was to be joined at Newcastle by 1,000 experienced soldiers and sailors with their artillery, who would arrive by sea under the command of Surrey's son, also called
1318:
by their French allies; a new weapon which had proved devastating in continental Europe, but required training, discipline and suitable terrain to use effectively. The Scottish artillery, consisting mainly of heavy
1075:'s story is that a part of the Scottish army returned to Scotland, and the rest stayed at Ford waiting for Norham to surrender and debating their next move. James IV wanted to fight and considered moving to assault
1062:
says that Lady Heron was a prisoner (in Scotland), and negotiated with James IV and the Earl of Surrey her own release and that Ford Castle would not be demolished for an exchange of prisoners. The English herald,
1273:
James' army, somewhat reduced from the original 42,000 by sickness and desertion, still amounted to about 34,000, outnumbering the English force by 8,000. The Scottish army was organised into four divisions or
314:
1079:, but the Earl of Angus spoke against this and said that Scotland had done enough for France. James sent Angus home, and according to Holinshed, the Earl burst into tears and left, leaving his two sons, the
1765:
ran out of his tent and escaped the weapons of his knights; it was found that mice had gnawed away the strings and buckle of the king's helmet; and in the morning his tent was spreckled with a bloody dew.
1434:
mortality amongst the Scottish nobility. James himself was killed in the final stage of the battle; his body was found surrounded by the corpses of his bodyguard of the Archers' Guard, recruited from the
5615:
1659:
discovered the body of James IV on the battlefield. He later wrote that the Scots "love me worst of any Englishman living, by reason that I fande the body of the King of Scots." The chronicle writer
1298:
composed of men from the northeast of Scotland. The third was commanded by James himself together with his son Alexander and the Earls of Cassillis, Rothes and Caithness. On the right, the Earls of
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Henry also replied by letter on 12 August, writing that James was mistaken and that any of his attempts on England would be resisted. Using the pretext of revenge for the murder of Robert Kerr, a
446:
1691:(thigh-armour), were taken to the shrine of Saint Cuthbert at Durham Cathedral. Much of the armour of the Scottish casualties was sold on the field, and 350 suits of armour were taken to
3057:
also featured the battle in its first season, giving an accurate picture of what occurred and explaining the battle dynamics, showing the weakness and strong points of weapons used, etc.
1827:
as Regent to rule Scotland instead of Margaret and her son. Albany, who lived in France, came to Scotland on 26 May 1515. By that date Margaret had given birth to James's posthumous son
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march to position themselves in the rear of the Scottish camp. The Scots countered that by abandoning their camp and occupying the adjacent Branxton Hill and denying it to the English.
4279:, vol. 2, no. 341, 29 September 1513: "Cadaver Scotorum Regis adductum est Eboratum, ideo quod venit ante festum divi Michaelis civitatem Eboracensem (York), quam dixerat se capturum."
1347:'s force of cavalry and archers had been the last to leave Barmoor and would not arrive on the left flank until later in the day. A reserve of mounted Borderers commanded by Thomas,
307:
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arch remains of the medieval church where James IV's body was said to have rested after the battle – the rest is Victorian, dating from 1849 in the "Norman" style.
1532:, writing sixty years later, noted that the Scottish bullets flew over the English heads while the English cannon was effective: the one army placed so high and the other so low.
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used by the Scots. The pike was an effective weapon only in a battle of movement, especially to withstand a cavalry charge. The Scottish pikes were described by the author of the
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at council before the engagement. Lord Lindsay advised the King to withdraw, comparing their situation to an honest merchant playing dice with a trickster, and wagering a gold
4123:, Suffolk Record Society 27 (1985), pp. 6, 153, inventory of 1524; plate gilt;, "ii grett pottis with the scottishe kingis armys on the hed of theym, 300 ounces.": Green, R.,
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of the battle in 2013 was commemorated by a programme of projects and events bringing together communities from both sides of the border. A number were funded by an £887,300
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taking part in the Battle of Flodden Field; however, there is an old tradition that the Munros of Argyll are descended from a Flodden survivor. One of these descendants was
1959:
A legend grew that while the artillery was being prepared in Edinburgh before the battle, a demon called Plotcock had read out the names of those who would be killed at the
2619:
Around forty-five English soldiers were knighted by the Earl of Surrey after the battle. Edward Hall mentions some of their positions in the army's advance from Newcastle.
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there over the centuries, but excavations conducted between 2009 and 2015 found no trace of 16th century work and concluded that James may have reused some features of an
1031:
was taken and partly demolished after the Scottish heavy artillery had breached the recently refurbished outer walls. The Scots then moved south, capturing the castles of
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was regent in England. On 27 August, she issued warrants for the property of all Scotsmen in England to be seized. On hearing of the invasion on 3 September, she ordered
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near London. A payment of £12-9s-10d was made for the "sertying ledying and sawdryng of the ded course of the King of Scottes" and carrying it York and to Windsor.
1090:
In the meantime, Surrey was reluctant to commit his army too early, since once in the field they had to be paid and fed at enormous expense. From his encampment at
1753:
and John Inglis could find no trace of him. The historian R. L. Mackie wondered if the incident really happened as a masquerade orchestrated by an anti-war party:
4370:(the lacerated cloak of the Scottish king was sent here (Tournai), chequered in our (English) manner and dyed with blood): Ellis, Henry, ed., (1846), p. 164, has
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Despite Tuke's comment (he was not present), this battle was one of the first major engagements in the British Isles where artillery was significantly deployed.
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997:; the exact date of the crossing is not recorded, but is generally accepted to have been 22 August. The Scottish troops were unpaid and were only required by
781:, sent a letter to James threatening him with ecclesiastical censure for breaking his peace treaties with England on 28 June 1513, and subsequently James was
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973:, King James sent notice to the English, one month in advance, of his intent to invade. This gave the English time to gather an army. After a muster on the
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Thomas Hawley, the Rouge Croix pursuivant, was first with news of the victory. He brought the "rent surcoat of the King of Scots stained with blood" to
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of rather old-fashioned design, typically firing a ball of only about 1 pound (0.45 kg), but they were easily handled and capable of rapid fire.
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A later sixteenth-century Scottish attitude to the futility of the battle was given by Robert Lindsay of Pitscottie, in words that he attributed to
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1520:, using a combination of heavy cavalry and artillery, ushering in a new era in the history of war. An official English diplomatic report issued by
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saying his mother had told him to say James should not go to war or take the advice of women. Then before the king could reply, the man vanished.
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which was signed in 1502. However, relations were soon soured by repeated cross-border raids, rivalry at sea leading to the death of the Scottish
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On Thursday, 8 September, Surrey moved his army from Wooler Haugh and instead of heading northwest towards Flodden, he turned east across the
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brought James IV's letter of 26 July to him. James asked him to desist from attacking France in breach of their treaty. Henry's exchange with
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1778:, where a room at the top of a tower is called 'Queen Margaret's bower'. Ten days after the Battle of Flodden, the Lords of Council met at
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and made a proclamation for the benefit of the heirs of anyone killed during this invasion. By 29 August after a siege of six days, Bishop
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supposed, nearly every noble family in Scotland would have lost a member at Flodden. The dead are remembered by the song (and pipe tune) "
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A legend arose that James had been warned against invading England by supernatural powers. While he was praying in St Michael's Kirk at
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A number of subsequent property transactions give names of the fallen. A register of royal charters was kept and published as the
1174:, agreeing that they would join in battle on Friday between 12 noon and 3 pm, and asked that James would face him on the plain at
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Flodden 500 years anniversary (2013): Follow the community archaeological project excavating in and around Flodden battlefield
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3281:, vol. 1, (1920), pp. 972 no. 2157, (Henry VIII refers to the issue of money possibly owed as a legacy to Margaret Tudor, see
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in 1549 and repeated in John Polemon's 1578 account of the battle. When James was in council at the camp at Flodden Edge, a
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while he awaited the completion of the muster and the arrival of the Lord Admiral whose ships had been delayed by storms.
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A view of Flodden Hill which shows its steep gradient. The crest of the hill was without trees at the time of the battle.
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2251:
2162:
1971:, Richard Lawson, who lived nearby, threw a coin at the Cross to appeal against this summons and survived the battle.
3070:
featured the battle. The depiction was fictionalized in certain respects, for example by having the title character,
3000:
4948:
2860:
1162:
Haugh on Wednesday 7 September, compared this position to a fortress in a challenge sent to James IV by his herald,
5793:
4660:
4237:(Oliver & Boyd, 1958), pp. 258–259, with map, the suggested hill is location of the 1910 monument: Stow, John,
2651:
2045:
1892:
1750:
1208:
1200:
1127:
949:
853:
823:
565:
545:
3313:, vol. 1 (1920), p. 609 no. 1317, p. 623 no. 1342, wardrobe warrant for banners for Earl of Surrey, 1 August 1512.
3019:
3004:
2005:
51:
5778:
4251:
Remains Historical and Literary connected with Lancaster and Chester: Visitation of Lancashire and Cheshire, 1533
3097:
2589:
2482:
1846:
against a bent halfpenny. Their King was the gold piece, England the trickster, and Thomas Howard the halfpenny.
1464:
894:
prepared an ambush for the Scots as they returned north laden with the spoils of their looting, by hiding in the
756:
736:
729:
705:
to die in battle. That and the loss of a large proportion of the nobility led to a political crisis in Scotland.
701:
battle for which they were better equipped. James IV was killed in the fighting and became the last monarch from
540:
408:
363:
5652:
1396:
807:, intending to pass around the north of Scotland and create a diversion in Ireland before joining the French at
5773:
4412:
Reports and papers of the architectural and archaeological societies of the counties of Lincoln and Northampton
2341:
2264:
2158:
717:
678:
615:
480:
373:
78:
3419:
VIVAT REX! An Exhibition Commemorating the 500th Anniversary of the Accession of Henry VIII (The Grolier Club)
2027:
1867:
VIII on 16 September while he was still uncertain of the death of James IV. William Knight sent the news from
1192:
1042:
5594:
4634:, vol. 13 no. 51 (January 1899), pp. 101–111, quotes Riddell, and, vol. 13, no. 52 (April 1899), pp. 168–172.
3074:, on the battlefield at the head of the English troops while heavily pregnant. The filming location was the
2865:
2446:
2305:
2116:
1960:
1452:
1141:
945:
744:
505:
388:
383:
5583:
5370:
Grummit, DAvid (January 2018). "Flodden 1513: Re-examining British Warfare at the End of the Middle Ages".
5326:
4651:
London (1626), chapter 2, as a song made by the commons of England and "to this day not forgotten of many."
1872:
field. Tuke reckoned the total Scottish invasion force to have been 60,000 and the English army at 40,000.
5602:
5090:
5076:
4730:
4688:
4664:
3508:
2782:
2775:
2605:
gives this explanation and guide to the variety of Latin phrases used to describe deaths in the campaign;
2585:
1795:
1641:
1596:
1592:
1422:
1220:
1167:
1064:
978:
835:
786:
728:
Centuries of intermittent warfare between England and Scotland had been formally brought to an end by the
535:
2461:
610:
2896:
2142:
1896:
1307:
963:
740:
635:
600:
590:
495:
5690:
Sir Walter Scott's account of the Laird of Muirhead's role protecting James IV in the Battle of Flodden
4409:
2491:
1757:
doubts if there was a significant anti-war faction. Three other portents of disaster were described by
1067:, came to Ford to appoint a place for battle on 4 September, with extra instructions that any Scottish
4934:
3102:
3066:
2900:
2715:
2097:
1843:
1824:
1561:
1002:
923:
866:
686:
595:
585:
154:
2923:
The Battle of Flodden Field, told from several different perspectives, is the subject of the novel,
865:, had been appointed Lieutenant-General of the army of the north and was issued with banners of the
5727:
5722:
5711:
5668:
5579:
3071:
3053:
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2566:
2552:
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2149:
2134:
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1788:
1699:
1669:
1517:
1513:
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955:
752:
674:
620:
580:
555:
530:
510:
485:
456:
413:
393:
358:
343:
128:
116:
2864:
On the 500th anniversary of the battle a minute's silence for the town's dead was observed at the
1235:
numbering some 15,000 commanded by the Lord Admiral and including the artillery train, crossed at
966:. She prepared banners for an army, including her heraldry, in case she herself was called north.
5114:
4736:
4710:
2877:
2631:
2441:
1804:
1607:
1344:
1343:. Of the central battles, one was commanded by the Lord Admiral and the other by Surrey himself.
1340:
1310:. Some sources state that there was a fifth battle acting as a reserve, perhaps commanded by the
1283:
1275:
1076:
670:
525:
140:
111:
86:
1811:
515:
5155:; another lost news-sheet printed by Richard Pynson which was the source used in Edward Hall's
5147:
said to be a field despatch; Brian Tuke's news-letter to Cardinal Bainbridge; an Italian poem,
4476:
2052:
5561:
5557:
5537:
5518:
5497:
5476:
5422:
5396:
5379:
5356:
5337:
5286:
5122:
3422:
3206:
2836:
2792:
2786:
2562:
2488:
David, William, and George Lyon. All three brothers-in-law of Alexander Guthrie of Kincaldrum
1775:
1754:
1692:
1610:
the Duke kept two silver-gilt cups engraved with the arms of James IV, which he bequeathed to
1095:
1072:
998:
857:
counter the expected invasion. Some of the guns had been returned to use against the Scots by
827:
778:
520:
5512:
5491:
5323:
pp. 163–164, Dr. William Knight to Cardinal Bainbridge, 20 September 1513, Lille (Latin)
3958:
3828:
3562:
3262:
3161:
1787:
and Inverrugy. This committee was intended to rule in the name of Margaret Tudor and her son
1459:
style. The loss of so many Scottish officers meant there was no one to coordinate a retreat.
751:
with France by diverting Henry's English troops from their campaign against the French king,
693:. In terms of troop numbers, it was the largest battle ever fought between the two kingdoms.
5160:
5145:
Articles of the Bataill bitwix the Kinge of Scottes and therle of Surrey in Brankstone Field
4356:
4349:
2881:
2804:
2693:
2328:
2318:
1815:
1711:
1632:
1628:
1108:
919:
605:
338:
249:
237:
225:
213:
158:
5716:
3403:
Courtney Herber, 'Katherine of Aragon: Diligent Diplomat and learned Queen', Aidan Norrie,
1774:
The wife of James IV, Queen Margaret Tudor, is said to have awaited news of her husband at
1242:
5167:
4976:. Edinburgh : H.M. General Register House. 24 June 1878 – via Internet Archive.
4189:
4158:
3997:
2951:
2348:
2311:
1873:
1799:
1731:
1723:
1615:
1611:
1588:
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1468:
1364:
1332:
1224:
812:
782:
625:
550:
368:
5297:
5184:
5171:
5143:
The earliest accounts of the battle are English. These contemporary sources include; the
4871:
A general & heraldic dictionary of the Peerage & Baronetage of the British Empire
4151:
4105:
Chamley, Benson (June 2003). "Sir Richard Cholmondeley, Cheshire's most famous unknown".
4001:
1734:
reported a rumour that James IV had escaped the field, leaving his Squire of Attendance,
795:, to join the ships of Louis XII of France. The fleet of twenty-two vessels commanded by
5316:
5206:
1576:
1015:, which fell to the Scots on 29 August after a six-day bombardment by James's artillery.
5673:
5469:
4644:
4178:
2945:
2941:
2912:
2892:
2835:
The battlefield still looks much as it probably did at the time of the battle, but the
2684:
2656:
2519:
2437:
2124:
1505:
1328:
1236:
1196:
1024:
1020:
890:
882:
840:
800:
682:
630:
560:
470:
398:
348:
82:
5680:
Coldstream civic week. Annual event with commemorative rideout to the Flodden Memorial
1417:
5767:
4973:
4364:
lacerata paludamenta Regis Scotorum hue missa fuerunt, tincta sanguine et variegatijs
2849:
2818:
2625:
2422:
1859:
1738:
to fight on, and that the English may have mistaken Elphinstone's body for the king.
1645:
1620:
1599:
awarded on account of their ancestor's victory at Flodden, a modified version of the
1587:
As a reward for his victory, Thomas Howard was subsequently restored to the title of
1509:
1496:
1492:
1484:
1440:
1356:
1315:
1228:
1163:
1071:
who were sent to Surrey were to be met where they could not view the English forces.
1028:
1012:
1001:
to serve for forty days. Once across the border, a detachment turned south to attack
959:
938:
808:
791:
748:
713:
702:
1920:
Contemporary English ballads also recalled the significance of the Scottish losses:
1888:
that "12,000 at the least of the best gentlemen and flower of Scotland" were slain.
1359:
which were their favoured weapon. There was also a large contingent of well-trained
926:
for the invasion set off towards England dragged by borrowed oxen. On 19 August two
5449:
5193:
4898:
Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain and Ireland
3075:
2918:
2556:
2513:
1978:
1758:
1703:
1681:
1435:
1171:
895:
870:
831:
768:
739:
and the capture of his ships in 1511, and increasingly bellicose rhetoric by King
5306:
5197:
4170:
4136:
4085:
3950:
3535:
3205:. Published by Thames & Hudson Ltd. 2005. Edited by Jeremy Black. pp. 95–97.
1858:
The Flodden memorial cross, erected in 1910, contemplated by the Tudor historian
5180:
3092:
2989:
2880:, reputedly houses the oldest war memorial in Great Britain, constructed by Sir
2455:
1994:
1635:'s 1639 composition, with his ancestor's sword, gauntlet and helm from Flodden.
1529:
1456:
1351:
were positioned to the rear. The English infantry was equipped with traditional
1348:
1059:
1047:
1036:
1032:
990:
804:
709:
5595:
The Life of Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey and Second Duke of Norfolk, 1443–1524
2930:
Flodden from the perspective of a Yorkshire archer is the subject of the novel
2506:
Sir Iain (John) MacFarlane 11th Baron of Arrochar, 8th Chief of Clan MacFarlane
1854:
1718:, his prisoner from Thérouanne, but "Englishmen's hearts would not suffer it."
1603:
with the lower half of the lion removed and an arrow through the lion's mouth.
1094:, he issued an order for forces raised in the northern counties to assemble at
292:
5647:
3988:, vol. 1 (1912), p. 406 no. 660, Brian Tuke to Richard Pace, 22 September 1513
2968:
2823:
2465:
2128:
1964:
1742:
1677:
1553:
1537:
1521:
1212:
1091:
994:
974:
774:
708:
British historians sometimes use the Battle of Flodden to mark the end of the
5749:
5736:
5383:
2899:
grant including the expansion of the Flodden 1513 Ecomuseum and archaeology,
1536:
sustained a significant arrow wound. Many of the archers were recruited from
1451:
Soon after the battle, the council of Scotland decided to send for help from
948:. The king himself set off that night with two hastily prepared standards of
17:
2766:
2366:
1746:
1710:
with Hawley, and then sent John Glyn on 16 September with James's coat (and
1660:
1410:
1368:
1320:
1256:
front of me on one plain field and see what all of them can do against me".
1252:
1246:
A map published in 1859, showing the features of the battlefield at Flodden.
1152:
1137:
914:
Sketch of Edinburgh in 1544 looking south, detail showing the Netherbow Port
910:
733:
5217:
The Trewe Encountre or Batayle Lately Don Between England and Scotland etc.
3949:, HMSO (1954), 4–5, instruction for Sir Andrew Brownhill, 16 January 1514:
1008:
5635:
5221:
Petrie, George, 'Account of Floddon in the 'Trewe Encountre' manuscript',
2592:, a border town. These names include Adam Hacket, husband of Helen Mason.
1479:
4362:, Brian Tuke to Richard Pace, Bainbridge's secretary, 22 September 1513,
3538:
The Scottish chronicle or, a complete history and description of Scotland
3079:
1977:
After Flodden, many Scottish nobles are believed to have been brought to
1974:
Branxton Church was the site of some burials from the Battle of Flodden.
1881:
1784:
1779:
1623:. There is some doubt whether the weapons are of the correct period. The
1541:
1324:
1314:. The Scottish infantry had been equipped with 18 feet (5.5 m) long
1232:
1175:
1149:
1112:
970:
929:
899:
5173:
Grafton's Chronicle, or History of England: The Chronicle at Large, 1569
4387:, 1st Series, vol. 1 (Richard Bentley, London, 1825), pp. 82–84, 88–89:
1884:
put the figure at 17,000. Edward Hall, thirty years after, wrote in his
1583:
was given an augmentation of honour to commemorate the Battle of Flodden
789:. James also summoned sailors and sent the Scottish navy, including the
56:
The Flodden Memorial on Piper's Hill, overlooking the site of the battle
5471:
My Wound is Deep: A History of the Later Anglo-Scottish Wars, 1380–1560
2841:
2725:
2019: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1707:
1688:
1401:
1352:
1145:
1136:
fortification which James constructed on the hill is disputed; several
1116:
811:, from where it might cut the English line of communication across the
5679:
4989:
Book of Knights Banneret, Knights of the Bath et., IV Henry VI to 1660
4395:, vol. 1 (London, 1920), no. 2261, (written before news of the battle)
424:
2964:
by Jane Oliver (1955) is a fictional account of the life of James IV.
2372:
Sir William Cockburn of Langton and his eldest son and heir Alexander
1360:
1159:
1068:
4666:
Historie and Cronicles of Scotland, by Robert Lindesay of Pitscottie
3510:
Historie and Cronicles of Scotland, by Robert Lindesay of Pitscottie
3268:, vol. 1: 1509–1514 (1920), pp. 952–967. Date accessed: 26 July 2012
1981:
for interment, as being the nearest consecrated ground in Scotland.
977:
of Edinburgh, the Scottish host moved to Ellemford, to the north of
4974:"Rotuli scaccarii regum Scotorum = The Exchequer rolls of Scotland"
3178:
5719:
Greentrax Recordings compilation CD of songs and music of Flodden.
3061:
2859:
2497:
Sir William M'Clellan of Bomby. A personal friend of King James IV
1868:
1853:
1575:
1478:
1416:
1395:
1373:
1263:
1241:
1191:
1126:
1041:
1007:
909:
5151:
in part based on Tuke's letters; a news-sheet printed in London,
4711:"Influence of the pre-reformation church on Scottish place-names"
4587:, Edinburgh (1778), p. 180 "gleed half-penny", "common hazarder."
4404:
Rosalind K. Marshall, 'The Jewellery of James V, King of Scots',
685:, in northern England, between an invading Scots army under King
188:
Adam Hepburn 2nd earl of Bothwell Lord High Admiral of Scotland
5459:
Mackie, J.D., "The Auld Alliance and the Battle of Flodden", in
5010:, (1809), 557–558, 564: additional details from C. H. Browning,
2903:
and education projects, exhibitions and a solemn commemoration.
1762:
1673:
1400:
An early 16th century depiction of pikemen in close combat with
764:
743:
in claiming to be the overlord of Scotland. Conflict began when
185:
William Hay 4th Earl of Erroll Lord High Constable of Scotland
4125:
History, Topography, and Antiquities of Framlingham and Saxsted
1278:. That on the left wing was commanded by the Earls of Home and
944:
followed with the gunner Robert Borthwick and master carpenter
677:
and resulted in an English victory. The battle was fought near
428:
296:
5701:
3524:
Chronicle: Union of the two noble and illustrious Houses, 1548
2983:
1988:
5534:
With a Bended Bow: Archery in Medieval and Renaissance Europe
5050:
4494:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1814), pp. 264–265: MacDougall, Norman,
1404:; the fighting at Flodden must have had a similar appearance.
5278:
Burke's Landed Gentry of Scotland under Henderson of Fordell
3632:, 1st Series, vol. 1, Richard Bentley, London (1825), 85–87.
1286:. Next in the line was the battle commanded by the Earls of
989:. The Scottish army, numbering some 42,000 men, crossed the
5327:
English Heritage Battlefield Report: Flodden, (1995), 13 pp
4860:, Edinburgh, Andrew Elliot, 1911, Appendix III, pp. 204–207
4453:, vol. 2 (Scottish Text Society: Edinburgh, 1895), p. 146.
969:
In keeping with his understanding of the medieval code of
5706:
4391:, vol. 2 (1867), no. 316 (news sent to Duke of Ferrara):
1425:
of the hand-to-hand fighting at the height of the battle.
1335:, an able diplomat, but who had no artillery experience.
755:. At this time, England was involved as a member of the "
4546:
Acts of the Lords of Council in Public Affairs 1501–1554
4530:
Acts of the Lords of Council in Public Affairs 1501–1554
4295:, 1st series, vol. 1, London (1824), 88: Aikman, James,
3934:
Acts of the Lords of Council in Public Affairs 1501–1554
3405:
Tudor and Stuart Consorts: Power, Influence, and Dynasty
2884:
in memory of the Battle of Flodden and the archers from
1695:. A list of horses taken at the field runs to 24 pages.
3573:. Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne: 51–65.
1019:
On 24 August, James IV held a council or parliament at
881:
On 5 August, a force estimated at up to 7,000 Scottish
5622:
Archaeologia Aeliana or Miscellaneous Tracts: Volume 6
4632:
The Scottish Antiquary, or, Northern Notes and Queries
2852:" – held in the first week of August.
2427:
Archibald Graham, 3rd of Garvock – King James' cousin
1745:, a man strangely dressed in blue had approached his
5311:, 1st Series, vol. 1, Richard Bentley, London (1825)
4961:
Register of the Great Seal of Scotland, AD 1513–1546
4936:
Register of the Great Seal of Scotland, AD 1513–1546
3265:
Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII
3162:
Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII
2948:
of Scotland and culminates in the Battle of Flodden.
2708:
Ninian Markenfield of Markington (d. 1527), rearward
1564:, led to his later appointment as Lieutenant of the
5321:, 3rd Series, vol.1, Richard Bentley, London (1846)
1803:guardian or 'tutrix' of the King, but was not made
1676:, a city that James had promised to capture before
1327:(known as "the Seven Sisters"), together with four
1199:, which allowed the English artillery to cross the
5536:. Stroud, Gloucestershire: The History Press Ltd.
5468:
5223:Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries Scotland
5119:The Clan Munro (Clan an Rothaich): A Beacon Ablaze
4852:
4850:
4848:
4846:
4844:
4842:
4840:
4838:
4836:
4834:
4832:
4830:
4828:
4826:
4824:
4822:
4820:
4818:
4816:
4814:
4812:
4810:
4808:
4806:
4804:
4802:
4800:
4798:
4796:
4794:
4792:
4790:
4788:
4786:
4784:
4782:
4780:
4778:
4776:
4774:
4772:
4770:
4768:
4766:
4764:
4498:(Tuckwell, 1997), pp. 265–266, 303: Mackie, R.L.,
2576:Names of Scottish casualties from property records
2433:Alexander Guthrie of Kincaldrum, and his son David
1595:. The arms of the Dukes of Norfolk still carry an
4762:
4760:
4758:
4756:
4754:
4752:
4750:
4748:
4746:
4744:
2967:There is no historical record of anyone from the
5511:Rose, Edward P. F.; Mather, J. D., eds. (2012).
5319:Original Letters Illustrative of English History
5309:Original Letters Illustrative of English History
4626:A number of names collected from the manuscript
4559:The Scot who was a Frenchman, the Duke of Albany
4385:Original Letters Illustrative of English History
4293:Original Letters Illustrative of English History
3630:Original Letters Illustrative of English History
1926:To tell you plaine, twelve thousand were slaine,
1905:We'll hae nae mair lilting, at the yowe-milking,
1706:. She sent news of the victory to Henry VIII at
1282:and consisted of a combination of Borderers and
1111:where he was presented with the banner of Saint
5664:An account of the battle, from Our Past History
5435:Leather, G. F. T., "The Battle of Flodden", in
4885:Collins Scottish Clan & Family Encyclopedia
4617:Hall (1809), p. 563, with 1,500 English killed.
4464:The Household and Court of James IV of Scotland
4107:The Family History Society of Cheshire Magazine
3363:Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer of Scotland
3322:J. D. Mackie, 'The English Army at Flodden' in
1219:and headed north, making camp at Barmoor, near
36:
5685:A monument of the Battle of Flodden, Pastscape
5313:pp. 82–99, Catherine of Aragon's letters.
4291:, vol. 1 (1920), no. 2313: Ellis, Henry, ed.,
4062:, vol. 1 (1912), 407, (translated from Latin).
3326:, vol. 8 (Edinburgh 1951), pp. 35–83, at 53–57
3179:"Remembering Flodden | Map of the Battle"
1614:in 1524. The Duke's descendants presented the
803:on 25 July accompanied by James as far as the
5707:Flodden 1513, the remembering Flodden project
5271:Bingham, C., "Flodden and its Aftermath", in
5025:"World's oldest war memorial nears milestone"
4312:J. Mackie, 'The English Army at Flodden', in
4183:18th-century print, National Portrait Gallery
3602:Vaughan, Jenny; Nolan, John (December 2016).
3119:
3117:
2812:Christopher Pickering of Killington (d. 1519)
1087:, with most of the Douglas kindred to fight.
918:On 18 August, five cannons brought down from
440:
308:
8:
5437:History of the Berwickshire Naturalists Club
4925:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1908), p. 466 no. 2984.
4340:, vol. 1 (London, 1920), no. 2325, no. 2460.
4075:, vol. 2, Scottish Text Society (1895), 145.
3166:Archaeologia Aeliana or Miscellaneous Tracts
1914:The flowers of the forest are all wede away.
1323:, included five great curtals and two great
1211:. From there, the English picked up the old
1170:. Surrey complained that James had sent his
5814:Registered historic battlefields in England
5789:Battles of the War of the League of Cambrai
5560:(May 2006), Campaign Series 168; 96 pages;
5461:Transactions of the Franco-Scottish Society
5299:The Battle of Flodden and the Raids of 1513
3833:, Vol 1 (1920), No. 2246 (modern spelling).
3761:, Scottish History Society, (1953), p. xxxi
3498:(Tuckwell: East Linton, 1997), pp. 272–273.
3377:, vol. 1 (London, 1920), no. 2222, item 16.
3157:
3155:
3145:
3143:
3133:
3131:
3129:
3018:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2246:Alexander Elphinstone, 1st Lord Elphinstone
1911:Sighing and moaning, on ilka green loaning,
1736:Alexander Elphinstone, 1st Lord Elphinstone
1367:. The English artillery consisted of light
5702:Flodden 1513 communities Ecomuseum project
5454:Miscellany of the Scottish History Society
4449:Lesley, John, Cody ed., Dalrymple trans.,
4314:Miscellany of the Scottish History Society
4299:, vol. 2 (1827), 259 note, quoting Stow's
4071:Lesley, John, Cody ed., Dalrymple trans.,
3390:, vol. 6 part 1 (Hague, 1741), pp. 49–50:
3324:Miscellany of the Scottish History Society
2927:, by Elisabeth McNeill, published in 2007.
2917:(1808), an epic poem in six cantos by Sir
2395:William Cunningham, 1st Laird of Craigends
665:was fought on 9 September 1513 during the
447:
433:
425:
315:
301:
293:
33:
5829:16th-century military history of Scotland
5475:. Edinburgh: John Donald Publishers Ltd.
5409:Hodgkin, T., "The Battle of Flodden", in
4173:Anthony van Dyck, and the Earl of Arundel
3735:Petrie, George, "An account of Floddon",
3198:
3196:
3038:Learn how and when to remove this message
2079:Learn how and when to remove this message
1491:Flodden was essentially a victory of the
777:, already a signatory to the anti-French
5553:Flodden 1513: Scotland's Greatest Defeat
4963:, vol. 3 (Edinburgh, 1883), pp. 428–429.
4883:Source: Way, George and Squire, Romily,
4649:The Pleasant Historie of Jack of Newbery
4253:, vol. 98 (Chetham Society, 1876), p. 59
4177:, pp. 3–4, 64: Fruytier's picture is at
4009:Cronicles of England, Scotland and Wales
3737:Proceedings Society Antiquaries Scotland
3563:"The Banner and Cross of Saint Cuthbert"
3512:, vol. 1 (STS: Edinburgh, 1899), p. 262.
3244:, SHS (1953), 307–308, 315–316, 318–319.
3203:The Seventy Greatest Battles of All Time
2934:, by Harry Nicholson, published in 2011.
2418:Robert Elliot, 13th Chief of Clan Elliot
1944:That day made many a fatherlesse childe,
747:, declared war on England to honour the
200:William Sinclair 2nd Earl of Caithness
27:1513 battle between England and Scotland
5419:Flodden: The Anglo-Scottish War of 1513
5159:These sources are compared in the 1995
4858:Battle of Flodden and the Raids of 1513
4668:, vol. 1 (STS: Edinburgh, 1899), p. 260
4372:majesta regia accepit paludamentum eius
3113:
2840:easy to visualise the battle. Only the
2224:William Sinclair, 2nd Earl of Caithness
1487:, reputed to have been used at Flodden.
5209:The History and Chronicles of Scotland
4923:Register of the Privy Seal of Scotland
4674:(Tuckwell: East Linton, 1997), p. 265.
4515:(London, 1578), p. 69: Giovio, Paolo,
4492:The History and Chronicles of Scotland
4478:History of Scotland by George Buchanan
4353:, vol. 1 (London, 1912) p. 408 no. 660
2582:Register of the Great Seal of Scotland
2176:Archibald Campbell, 2nd Earl of Argyll
1891:As the nineteenth-century antiquarian
1379:of the marsh encountered by the Scots.
1107:. By 28 August, Surrey had arrived at
5225:, vol. 7, Edinburgh (1866–7), 141–152
4909:Walter Scott, The Laird of Muirhead,
4480:, vol. 2 (Glasgow, 1848), pp. 198–199
3394:, vol. 13 (London, 1712), pp. 375–376
2800:Roger Fenwick, Constable of Newcastle
2404:Sir William Douglas 6th of Drumlanrig
2241:William Borthwick, 3rd Lord Borthwick
859:Margaret of Austria, Duchess of Savoy
689:and an English army commanded by the
7:
5784:Battles between England and Scotland
5452:, "The English Army at Flodden", in
5199:Pauli Jovii historiarum sui temporis
4517:Pauli Jovii historiarum sui temporis
4328:, vol. 1 (1920), no. 2283, no. 2287.
4181:, Van Dyck's work does not survive;
3699:, vol. 1, Edinburgh (1814), 276–277.
3016:adding citations to reliable sources
2872:The stained-glass Flodden Window in
2615:English soldiers knighted at Flodden
2474:John Hunter 14th Laird of Hunterston
2296:Other chieftains, nobles and knights
2186:William Graham, 1st Earl of Montrose
2017:adding citations to reliable sources
1967:. According to Pitscottie, a former
203:Matthew Stewart 2nd Earl of Lennox
191:David Kennedy 1st earl of Cassilis
5573:Story of Inverkeithing & Rosyth
5467:Paterson, Raymond Campbell (1997).
5266:Battles and Battlefields in England
4440:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1814), p. 279.
4220:(Oliver & Boyd, 1958), p. 269:
4206:Inventory of Elizabeth I of England
4161:: see linked report by Ralph Moffat
3561:Longstaffe, W. Hilton Dyer (1858).
3474:Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland
2958:(1867), inspired by the Scott poem.
2644:William Gascoigne, junior, rearward
2290:Thomas Stewart, 2nd Lord Innermeath
2229:Matthew Stewart, 2nd Earl of Lennox
2209:David Kennedy, 1st Earl of Cassilis
1908:Women and bairns are dowie and wae.
1591:, lost by his father's support for
1054:A later Scottish chronicle writer,
197:John Lindsay 6th Earl of Crawford
194:William Leslie 3rd Earl of Rothes
5809:Military history of Northumberland
5696:Flodden 500th anniversary projects
5517:. London: The Geological Society.
5395:. The Remembering Floden Project.
5393:The Battle of Flodden: How and Why
4596:Ellis, Henry, ed., (1846), p. 164.
4224:, vol. 1 (London, 1920), no. 2193.
3476:, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1814), p. 278
3407:(Palgrave Macmillan, 2022), p. 53.
2634:, right-wing, and Marshall of Host
2532:Colin Oliphant, Master of Oliphant
2219:John Lindsay, 6th Earl of Crawford
2214:William Leslie, 3rd Earl of Rothes
2200:Adam Hepburn, 2nd Earl of Bothwell
1932:And many prisoners tooke that day,
1581:Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk
1516:defeated the Swiss pikemen at the
898:bushes that grew shoulder-high on
25:
4939:, vol. 3 (1883), see index p. 986
4911:Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border
4687:. Flodden1513.com. Archived from
4630:and other sources are printed in
3860:Rose & Mather 2012, pp. 24–25
3285:, vol. 1 (1920), p. 623 no. 1342)
2408:Sir William Douglas of Glenbervie
2285:Andrew Stewart, 1st Lord Avondale
2280:Henry Sinclair, 4th Lord Sinclair
1306:commanded a force drawn from the
797:James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Arran
182:John Douglas 2nd Earl of Morton
5674:A Ballade of the Scottyshe Kynge
5646:
5634:
5514:Military Aspects of Hydrogeology
5092:Marmion: A Tale of Flodden Field
5051:"Flodden 1513 Website Home Page"
4951:in vol. 4 Great Seal of Scotland
4608:, vol. 1 (1912), 397, 404, 406.
4303:on St Michael, Cripplegate ward.
3301:, vol. 13, London (1712), p. 382
3279:Letters & Papers, Henry VIII
3263:'Henry VIII: July 1513, 16–31',
2988:
2914:Marmion: A Tale of Flodden Field
2588:and the effect of the battle on
2525:John Muirhead, Laird of Muirhead
2335:Sir Duncan Campbell of Glenorchy
2256:John Hay, 2nd Lord Hay of Yester
2252:Robert Erskine, 4th Lord Erskine
2181:John Douglas, 2nd Earl of Morton
1993:
924:Netherbow Port at St Mary's Wynd
50:
5819:History of the Scottish Borders
5598:. The Hague: Mouton Publishers.
5372:The Journal of Military History
5230:Letters & Papers Henry VIII
5207:Pitscottie, Robert Lindsay of,
4995:Letters & Papers Henry VIII
4987:Metcalfe, Walter Charles, ed.,
4490:Pitscottie, Robert Lindsay of,
4436:Lindsay of Pitscottie, Robert,
4360:, vol. 2 (London, 1867) no. 316
4338:Letters & Papers Henry VIII
4326:Letters & Papers Henry VIII
4289:Letters & Papers Henry VIII
4222:Letters & Papers Henry VIII
4202:Jewels and Plate of Elizabeth I
3960:Letters & Papers Henry VIII
3830:Letters & Papers Henry VIII
3695:Lindsay of Pitscottie, Robert,
3375:Letters & Papers Henry VIII
3311:Letters & Papers Henry VIII
3297:, vol. 6 part 1 (1741), p. 52:
3283:Letters & Papers Henry VIII
3051:The British documentary series
2944:, chronicles the life of Queen
2546:Sir William Seton, grandson of
2528:Archibald Napier of Edinbellie.
2430:George Graham, 1st of Calendar.
2412:Sir John Douglas, 5th of Mains.
2400:George Douglas, Master of Angus
2195:Lord High Constable of Scotland
2191:William Hay, 4th Earl of Erroll
2139:Lord High Treasurer of Scotland
2004:needs additional citations for
1556:. He rebuilt his parish church
1463:the Scottish naval officer Sir
1203:and outflank the Scottish Army.
1158:The Earl of Surrey, writing at
767:from the French, a part of the
5824:16th century in Northumberland
5588:. London: Hutchinson & Co.
4374:, the queen was sent his coat.
4316:vol. 8 (Edinburgh 1951), p. 80
4297:Buchanan's History of Scotland
4037:, Tuckwell (1997), pp. 274–275
4011:, vol. 3, London (1808) p. 593
4007:, p. 271: Holinshed, Raphael,
3986:Calendar of State Papers Milan
3827:, Vol. IV, Part IV (1836), 1:
3604:"26. Flodden Hill Excavations"
2874:St Leonard's Church, Middleton
2677:Edward Gorges, (nephew of the
2542:Sir John Ramsay of Trarinzeane
2500:Gilbert M'Clellan of Balmangan
2382:Robert Crawford of Auchinames.
2270:John Sempill, 1st Lord Sempill
2260:John Maxwell, 4th Lord Maxwell
2165:, illegitimate son of James IV
1687:James's banner, sword and his
1601:Royal coat of arms of Scotland
1:
5799:Scottish invasions of England
5659:National Archives of Scotland
5336:. Phoenix (Orion Books Ltd).
5115:Reelig, Charles Ian Fraser of
4389:Calendar State Papers, Venice
4204:(London, 1955), 101–102, see
4127:, London (1834), p. 68, will.
3365:, vol. 4, (1902), pp. 515–522
2537:Alexander Ramsay of Dalhousie
2503:Patrick M'Clellan of Gelstoun
2451:Sir David Home of Wedderburn.
2204:Lord High Admiral of Scotland
1950:And many a Scottish gay Lady,
1548:raised one such company from
1495:used by the English over the
863:Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey
818:Henry was in France with the
5575:. Brit.Lib. No. 0190370.f.78
5391:Hallam-Baker, Clive (2012).
5296:Elliot, Fitzwilliam (1911).
5283:Scotland's Wars and Warriors
5250:, in, Mackay Mackenzie, W.,
5238:Calendar State Papers Venice
4628:Acts of the Lords of Council
4410:'Jewel book of Henry VIII',
3815:Hallam-Baker 2012, pp. 60–61
3797:Hallam-Baker 2013, pp. 27–28
3608:www.flodden1513ecomuseum.org
3526:(London, 1809), pp. 558–559.
2275:George Seton, 5th Lord Seton
1929:that to the fight did stand;
1821:John Stewart, Duke of Albany
1105:Lord High Admiral of England
1056:Robert Lindsay of Pitscottie
761:War of the League of Cambrai
667:War of the League of Cambrai
326:War of the League of Cambrai
44:War of the League of Cambrai
5571:Stephen, Rev. W.M. (1921),
5493:Flodden: A Scottish Tragedy
5334:Fatal Rivalry: Flodden 1513
5302:. Edinburgh: Andrew Elliot.
5242:Calendar State Papers Milan
4606:Calendar State Papers Milan
4542:Calendar State Papers Milan
4532:, Edinburgh (1932) pp. 1–3.
4425:Calendar State Papers Milan
4351:Calendar State Papers Milan
4087:The Battle of Flodden Field
4060:Calendar State Papers Milan
4050:, Tuckwell (1997), 274–275.
3417:Schwarz, Arthur L. (2009).
2674:Nicholas Appleyard, forward
2663:Marmaduke Constable, junior
2598:Exchequer Rolls of Scotland
2365:Robert Colville, Master of
2163:Lord Chancellor of Scotland
716:; another candidate is the
5850:
5592:Tucker, Melvin J. (1964),
5496:. Edinburgh: Birlinn Ltd.
5211:, vol. 1, Edinburgh (1814)
5203:, pp. 505–528 (Latin)
5012:Americans of Royal Descent
4003:A Chronicle at Large, 1569
3757:Mackie & Spilman ed.,
3240:Hannay, Robert Kerr, ed.,
2819:John Lumley, (Lord Lumley)
2304:Robert Arnot of Woodmill.
1953:sate weeping in her bowre.
1751:David Lindsay of the Mount
1680:, the body was brought to
1197:Twizell (or Twizel) Bridge
763:, defending Italy and the
5717:The Flooers O’ The Forest
5417:Kightly, Charles (1975).
4997:, vol. 1 (1920), no. 2246
4574:, Collins, (1971), 27–31.
4544:, vol. 1 (1912), p. 407:
4451:Historie of Scotland 1578
4073:Historie of Scotland 1578
3923:Goodwin 2013, pp. 206–208
3869:Goodwin 2013, pp. 202–204
3717:Goodwin 2013, pp. 196–197
3708:Goodwin 2013, pp. 194–196
3686:Goodwin 2013, pp. 191–193
3677:Goodwin 2013, pp. 181–184
3659:Goodwin 2013, pp. 180–181
3551:Goodwin 2013, pp. 171–172
3540:, vol. 1 (Arbroath, 1805)
3441:Goodwin 2013, pp. 163–165
3253:Goodwin 2013, pp. 155–156
3231:Goodwin 2013, pp. 120–121
3060:The second season of the
2938:The Flowers of the Forest
2690:John Willoughby, rearward
2483:Alexander Lauder of Blyth
2347:Alan Cathcart, Master of
2100:(1473–1513, r. 1488–1513)
1985:Notable Scotsmen who died
1935:the best in all Scotland.
1122:
981:, and camped to wait for
730:Treaty of Perpetual Peace
466:
334:
272:
259:
122:
105:
60:
49:
41:
5332:Goodwin, George (2013).
5240:, vol. 2 (1867) and see
5232:, vol.1, (1920) for the
5008:Union Lancaster and York
4275:, vol. 1 no. 2313 &
3953:Epistolae Regum Scotorum
3936:, Edinburgh (1932) p. 3.
3887:Hallam-Baker 2012, p. 72
3806:Hallam-Baker 2013, p. 24
3788:Hallam-Baker 2013, p. 72
3748:Hallam-Baker 2013, p. 21
3726:Hallam-Baker 2013, p. 22
3668:Hallam-Baker 2012, p. 45
3610:. Flodden 1513 Ecomuseum
3472:, vol. 5 (1841), p. 57:
3468:Tytler, Patrick Fraser,
2940:, a historical novel by
2760:Hatfield (in Holderness)
2714:Ralph Bowes, (father of
2561:William Wallace 11th of
2421:Nicolas Fotheringham of
2385:John Crawford of Ardagh.
2354:Robert, brother of above
2265:John Ross, 2nd Lord Ross
2159:Archbishop of St Andrews
1558:St. Leonard's, Middleton
962:to raise an army in the
718:Battle of Bosworth Field
5653:Edinburgh after Flodden
5641:Battle of Flodden Field
5353:Famous Northern Battles
5285:, Edinburgh TSO (1998)
5275:, ed. G. Menzies, 1972.
5175:, vol. 2, London (1809)
5073:"Heritage Lottery Fund"
5029:Manchester Evening News
4685:"Branxton Introduction"
4548:, Edinburgh (1932) p. 4
4466:(Boydell, 2023), p. 64.
4152:College of Arms website
3825:State Papers Henry VIII
3222:Goodwin 2013, pp. 38–41
2954:wrote an overture, his
2824:Roger Ogle, (Lord Ogle)
2774:John Bulmer, (uncle of
2650:William Mauleverer, of
2447:Adam Hepburn of Craggis
2388:Sir Robert Crawford of
2375:Sir Robert Colville of
2306:Comptroller of Scotland
2098:James IV, King of Scots
1947:and many a widow poore;
1453:Christian II of Denmark
745:James IV, King of Scots
268:30,000–40,000-60,000men
5624:(1862) pp. 69–79.
5351:Graham, Frank (1988).
4670:: MacDougall, Norman,
4572:James V, King of Scots
4528:Hannay, R.K., editor,
4513:All the Famous Battels
4241:(London, 1580), p. 901
4200:A. Jefferies Collins,
4095:, (1809), pp. 562, 564
3932:Hannay, R.K., editor,
3914:Roth 2012, pp. 222–223
2980:In film and television
2869:
2781:Christopher Danby, of
2702:John Stanley, rearward
2641:), rear ward or guard.
2637:George Darcy, (son of
2612:
2571:David Wemyss of Wemyss
2485:, Provost of Edinburgh
2357:John, brother of above
1863:
1796:Parliament of Scotland
1770:Scotland after Flodden
1652:Legends of a lost king
1597:augmentation of honour
1584:
1488:
1426:
1405:
1380:
1270:
1247:
1204:
1168:Rouge Croix Pursuivant
1132:
1051:
1016:
979:Duns, Scottish Borders
915:
850:
787:Christopher Bainbridge
123:Commanders and leaders
5609:Archaeologia Aeliania
5604:The Battle of Flodden
5601:White, R. H. (1859),
5490:Reese, Peter (2003).
5421:. Almark Publishing.
5355:. Butler Publishing.
5252:The Secret of Flodden
5095:. FullTextArchive.com
4856:Elliot, Fitzwilliam,
4427:, vol. 1 (1912), 419.
4157:15 March 2013 at the
4091:, pp. 102–103: Hall,
4084:Benson, Joseph, ed.,
3164:, Vol. 1: 1509–1514:
3098:Selkirk Common Riding
2897:Heritage Lottery Fund
2863:
2765:William Constable of
2758:William Constable of
2737:Guy Dawnay, rearward.
2607:
2143:Torphichen Preceptory
2133:Sir William Knollys,
1897:Flowers of the Forest
1857:
1579:
1482:
1447:Tactics and aftermath
1420:
1399:
1377:
1308:Highlands and Islands
1267:
1245:
1195:
1130:
1045:
1011:
935:culverins pickmoyance
913:
845:
741:Henry VIII of England
279:1,500–1,700 killed;
273:Casualties and losses
173:Sir William Knollys
5804:James IV of Scotland
5643:at Wikimedia Commons
5614:White, R. H. (1862)
5585:The Life of James IV
5580:Taylor, Ida Ashworth
5411:Arcaeologia Aeliania
5186:Chronicle of England
4887:, 1994, pp. 128–129.
4583:Pitscottie, Robert,
4502:(1958), pp. 243–244.
4393:Letters & Papers
4188:29 July 2018 at the
4171:White, Christopher,
4121:Medieval Framlingham
4119:Ridgard, John, ed.,
4046:Macdougall, Norman,
4033:Macdougall, Norman,
3896:Goodwin 2013, p. 206
3878:Goodwin 2013, p. 204
3842:Goodwin 2013, p. 201
3779:Goodwin 2013, p. 196
3770:Goodwin 2013, p. 156
3650:Barr 2001, pp. 76–77
3641:Goodwin 2013, p. 179
3583:Goodwin 2013, p. 174
3567:Archaeologia Aeliana
3536:Holinshed, Raphael,
3485:Goodwin 2013, p. 167
3459:Goodwin 2013, p. 165
3450:Goodwin 2013, p. 252
3386:Rymer, Thomas, ed.,
3344:Goodwin 2013, p. 157
3277:Brewer, J. S., ed.,
3103:Teribus ye teri odin
3067:The Spanish Princess
3012:improve this section
2901:documentary research
2803:Edward Musgrave, of
2586:St Giles', Edinburgh
2470:Sir Patrick Houston.
2013:improve this article
1969:Provost of Edinburgh
1840:Patrick Lord Lindsay
1825:James II of Scotland
1471:for Barton's death.
1140:had mapped supposed
1003:Wark on Tweed Castle
799:, departed from the
5834:Catherine of Aragon
5750:55.62693°N 2.1753°W
5746: /
5532:Roth, Erik (2012).
5317:Ellis, Henry, ed.,
5307:Ellis, Henry, ed.,
5273:The Scottish Nation
5248:La Rotta de Scosesi
5236:and Tuke's letter,
5219:, Flaque (1513) in
5153:The Trewe Encountre
5149:La Rotta de Scosesi
5079:on 5 February 2013.
4691:on 5 September 2013
4585:History of Scotland
4570:Bingham, Caroline,
4561:, (1940), pp. 30–33
4438:History of Scotland
4408:, 7 (1996), p. 79:
4383:Ellis, Henry, ed.,
3759:Letters of James IV
3697:History of Scotland
3628:Ellis, Henry, ed.,
3494:Macdougal, Norman,
3470:History of Scotland
3353:Taylor 1913, p. 250
3242:Letters of James IV
3072:Catherine of Aragon
3054:Two Men in a Trench
2724:Bryan Stapleton of
2553:Sir John Somerville
2548:James I of Scotland
2494:, Lord of Garthland
2462:William Hoppringill
2436:James Henderson of
2324:Boswell of Balmuto.
2235:Lords of Parliament
2150:Abbot of Inchaffray
2148:Laurence Oliphant,
2123:and commendator of
2121:Bishop of the Isles
2112:Abbot of Kilwinning
2028:"Battle of Flodden"
1878:History of Scotland
1810:The French soldier
1789:James V of Scotland
1716:Duke of Longueville
1700:Catherine of Aragon
1670:Newcastle upon Tyne
1518:Battle of Marignano
1514:Francis I of France
1423:artist's impression
956:Catherine of Aragon
871:Red Dragon of Wales
824:siege of Thérouanne
681:, in the county of
675:Kingdom of Scotland
458:Anglo-Scottish Wars
394:Guinegate/The Spurs
287:5,000–14,000 killed
179:Alexander Stewart
176:Laurence Oliphant
129:Catherine of Aragon
117:Kingdom of Scotland
5234:Articles of Batail
5031:. 7 September 2006
4737:James Balfour Paul
4735:, Vol. I, ed. Sir
4262:Hall, (1809), 564.
3951:Ruddiman, Thomas,
3947:Letters of James V
3064:television series
2888:who fought in it.
2878:Greater Manchester
2870:
2771:Thomas Stranguishe
2752:William Mauleverer
2749:Richard Mauleverer
2699:William Pennington
2454:Cuthbert Home, of
2442:Lord Justice Clerk
2301:Abercromby of Ley.
1864:
1805:Regent of Scotland
1608:Framlingham Castle
1585:
1489:
1427:
1406:
1381:
1345:Sir Edward Stanley
1341:Lord Edmund Howard
1271:
1248:
1205:
1188:Initial manoeuvres
1133:
1123:Surrey's challenge
1077:Berwick-upon-Tweed
1052:
1046:James IV captured
1017:
993:into England near
916:
867:Cross of St George
861:. A year earlier,
820:Emperor Maximilian
671:Kingdom of England
657:, or occasionally
141:Lord Edmund Howard
137:Lord Thomas Howard
112:Kingdom of England
5794:Conflicts in 1513
5755:55.62693; -2.1753
5723:www.iFlodden.info
5671:'s Flodden poem,
5651:Works related to
5639:Media related to
5566:978-1-84176-959-2
5558:Osprey Publishing
5543:978-0-7524-6355-1
5524:978-1-86239-340-0
5503:978-1-78027-171-2
5428:978-0-85524-219-0
5402:978-0-9573313-0-3
5343:978-1-78022-136-6
5281:Caldwell, D. H.,
5213:pp. 264–282.
5053:. Flodden1513.com
4874:Vol. I, 4th edit.
4557:Start, Marie W.,
4462:William Hepburn,
4406:Jewellery Studies
3975:Military Blunders
3905:Roth 2012, p. 212
3851:White 1859, p. 26
3739:, (1866–67), 146.
3335:Reese 2003, p. 85
3211:978-0-500-25125-6
3048:
3047:
3040:
2831:Battlefield today
2793:Edmund Walsingham
2787:Christopher Danby
2746:Roger Collingwood
2694:Edward Etchingham
2668:Christopher Dacre
2647:William Middleton
2628:, forward in army
2492:Uchtred MacDowall
2340:John Carnegie of
2155:Alexander Stewart
2089:
2088:
2081:
2063:
1776:Linlithgow Palace
1755:Norman Macdougall
1693:Nottingham Castle
1637:Thomas Lord Darcy
1562:Richard Cholmeley
1436:Forest of Ettrick
1231:, while a larger
1096:Newcastle on Tyne
1073:Raphael Holinshed
999:feudal obligation
828:Lyon King of Arms
779:Treaty of Mechlin
651:Battle of Flodden
644:
643:
422:
421:
291:
290:
101:
100:
37:Battle of Flodden
16:(Redirected from
5841:
5779:1513 in Scotland
5761:
5760:
5758:
5757:
5756:
5751:
5747:
5744:
5743:
5742:
5739:
5650:
5638:
5589:
5547:
5528:
5507:
5486:
5474:
5442:Macdougall, N.,
5439:, vol. 25, 1933.
5432:
5413:, vol. 16, 1894.
5406:
5387:
5366:
5347:
5303:
5244:, vol. 1 (1912)
5190:pp. 561–565
5177:pp. 268–277
5168:Grafton, Richard
5161:English Heritage
5133:
5132:
5111:
5105:
5104:
5102:
5100:
5087:
5081:
5080:
5075:. Archived from
5069:
5063:
5062:
5060:
5058:
5047:
5041:
5040:
5038:
5036:
5021:
5015:
5004:
4998:
4984:
4978:
4977:
4970:
4964:
4958:
4952:
4946:
4940:
4932:
4926:
4920:
4914:
4907:
4901:
4894:
4888:
4881:
4875:
4867:
4861:
4854:
4739:
4728:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4717:
4707:
4701:
4700:
4698:
4696:
4681:
4675:
4658:
4652:
4641:
4635:
4624:
4618:
4615:
4609:
4603:
4597:
4594:
4588:
4581:
4575:
4568:
4562:
4555:
4549:
4539:
4533:
4526:
4520:
4509:
4503:
4488:
4482:
4473:
4467:
4460:
4454:
4447:
4441:
4434:
4428:
4422:
4416:
4402:
4396:
4381:
4375:
4347:
4341:
4335:
4329:
4323:
4317:
4310:
4304:
4301:Survey of London
4286:
4280:
4269:
4263:
4260:
4254:
4248:
4242:
4231:
4225:
4214:
4208:
4198:
4192:
4168:
4162:
4149:
4143:
4140:, vol. 33 (1849)
4134:
4128:
4117:
4111:
4110:
4102:
4096:
4082:
4076:
4069:
4063:
4057:
4051:
4044:
4038:
4031:
4025:
4018:
4012:
3998:Grafton, Richard
3995:
3989:
3983:
3977:
3971:
3965:
3943:
3937:
3930:
3924:
3921:
3915:
3912:
3906:
3903:
3897:
3894:
3888:
3885:
3879:
3876:
3870:
3867:
3861:
3858:
3852:
3849:
3843:
3840:
3834:
3822:
3816:
3813:
3807:
3804:
3798:
3795:
3789:
3786:
3780:
3777:
3771:
3768:
3762:
3755:
3749:
3746:
3740:
3733:
3727:
3724:
3718:
3715:
3709:
3706:
3700:
3693:
3687:
3684:
3678:
3675:
3669:
3666:
3660:
3657:
3651:
3648:
3642:
3639:
3633:
3626:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3615:
3599:
3593:
3592:Barr 2001, p. 75
3590:
3584:
3581:
3575:
3574:
3558:
3552:
3549:
3543:
3533:
3527:
3520:
3514:
3505:
3499:
3492:
3486:
3483:
3477:
3466:
3460:
3457:
3451:
3448:
3442:
3439:
3433:
3432:
3414:
3408:
3401:
3395:
3384:
3378:
3372:
3366:
3360:
3354:
3351:
3345:
3342:
3336:
3333:
3327:
3320:
3314:
3308:
3302:
3292:
3286:
3275:
3269:
3260:
3254:
3251:
3245:
3238:
3232:
3229:
3223:
3220:
3214:
3200:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3175:
3169:
3159:
3150:
3147:
3138:
3135:
3124:
3123:Paterson, p. 147
3121:
3043:
3036:
3032:
3029:
3023:
2992:
2984:
2956:Overture Marmion
2882:Richard Assheton
2665:, left-hand wing
2518:Thomas Maule of
2512:, 10th Chief of
2415:Sir John Dunbar.
2310:John Balfour of
2110:William Bunche,
2084:
2077:
2073:
2070:
2064:
2062:
2021:
1997:
1989:
1831:and married the
1823:, a grandson of
1816:Dumbarton Castle
1633:Anthony van Dyck
1629:Philip Fruytiers
1546:Richard Assheton
1312:Earl of Bothwell
1217:Devil's Causeway
1109:Durham Cathedral
964:Midland counties
941:culverins moyane
920:Edinburgh Castle
461:
459:
449:
442:
435:
426:
329:
327:
317:
310:
303:
294:
254:
242:
230:
222:Earl of Bothwell
218:
210:Earl of Montrose
170:George Hepburn
163:
68:9 September 1513
62:
61:
54:
34:
21:
5849:
5848:
5844:
5843:
5842:
5840:
5839:
5838:
5774:1513 in England
5764:
5763:
5754:
5752:
5748:
5745:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5733:
5732:
5698:
5631:
5578:
5544:
5531:
5525:
5510:
5504:
5489:
5483:
5466:
5429:
5416:
5403:
5390:
5369:
5363:
5350:
5344:
5331:
5295:
5264:Barret, C. B.,
5141:
5136:
5129:
5113:
5112:
5108:
5098:
5096:
5089:
5088:
5084:
5071:
5070:
5066:
5056:
5054:
5049:
5048:
5044:
5034:
5032:
5023:
5022:
5018:
5005:
5001:
4991:, London (1885)
4985:
4981:
4972:
4971:
4967:
4959:
4955:
4947:
4943:
4933:
4929:
4921:
4917:
4908:
4904:
4896:Bernard Burke,
4895:
4891:
4882:
4878:
4868:
4864:
4855:
4742:
4729:
4725:
4715:
4713:
4709:
4708:
4704:
4694:
4692:
4683:
4682:
4678:
4659:
4655:
4642:
4638:
4625:
4621:
4616:
4612:
4604:
4600:
4595:
4591:
4582:
4578:
4569:
4565:
4556:
4552:
4540:
4536:
4527:
4523:
4519:(1549), p. 517.
4511:Polemon, John,
4510:
4506:
4489:
4485:
4474:
4470:
4461:
4457:
4448:
4444:
4435:
4431:
4423:
4419:
4403:
4399:
4382:
4378:
4348:
4344:
4336:
4332:
4324:
4320:
4311:
4307:
4287:
4283:
4270:
4266:
4261:
4257:
4249:
4245:
4233:Mackie, R. L.,
4232:
4228:
4216:Mackie, R. L.,
4215:
4211:
4199:
4195:
4190:Wayback Machine
4169:
4165:
4159:Wayback Machine
4150:
4146:
4135:
4131:
4118:
4114:
4104:
4103:
4099:
4083:
4079:
4070:
4066:
4058:
4054:
4045:
4041:
4032:
4028:
4019:
4015:
4005:, vol. 2 (1809)
3996:
3992:
3984:
3980:
3973:Jeffrey Regan,
3972:
3968:
3962:, vol. 1 (1864)
3955:, vol. 1 (1722)
3944:
3940:
3931:
3927:
3922:
3918:
3913:
3909:
3904:
3900:
3895:
3891:
3886:
3882:
3877:
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3837:
3823:
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3805:
3801:
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3792:
3787:
3783:
3778:
3774:
3769:
3765:
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3752:
3747:
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3725:
3721:
3716:
3712:
3707:
3703:
3694:
3690:
3685:
3681:
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3672:
3667:
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3649:
3645:
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3627:
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3613:
3611:
3601:
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3596:
3591:
3587:
3582:
3578:
3560:
3559:
3555:
3550:
3546:
3534:
3530:
3521:
3517:
3506:
3502:
3493:
3489:
3484:
3480:
3467:
3463:
3458:
3454:
3449:
3445:
3440:
3436:
3429:
3416:
3415:
3411:
3402:
3398:
3385:
3381:
3373:
3369:
3361:
3357:
3352:
3348:
3343:
3339:
3334:
3330:
3321:
3317:
3309:
3305:
3293:
3289:
3276:
3272:
3261:
3257:
3252:
3248:
3239:
3235:
3230:
3226:
3221:
3217:
3201:
3194:
3184:
3182:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3160:
3153:
3148:
3141:
3136:
3127:
3122:
3115:
3111:
3089:
3044:
3033:
3027:
3024:
3009:
2993:
2982:
2952:Arthur Sullivan
2909:
2858:
2833:
2828:
2657:Thomas Berkeley
2624:Lord Scrope of
2617:
2603:Exchequer Rolls
2578:
2510:Lachlan MacLean
2464:, 1st Laird of
2085:
2074:
2068:
2065:
2022:
2020:
2010:
1998:
1987:
1874:George Buchanan
1852:
1812:Antoine d'Arces
1800:Stirling Castle
1772:
1732:George Buchanan
1724:Tower of London
1654:
1627:was painted by
1625:Earl of Arundel
1616:College of Arms
1612:Cardinal Wolsey
1589:Duke of Norfolk
1574:
1566:Tower of London
1501:Trewe Encounter
1477:
1469:trial by combat
1449:
1386:
1365:English longbow
1363:armed with the
1333:Patrick Paniter
1262:
1260:Opposing forces
1190:
1185:
1125:
1081:Master of Angus
1050:from Lady Heron
952:and St Andrew.
908:
889:, crossed into
879:
826:. The Scottish
813:English Channel
757:Catholic League
726:
647:
646:
645:
640:
626:Broughty Castle
541:Meung-sur-Loire
462:
457:
455:
453:
423:
418:
330:
325:
323:
321:
283:
282:4,000 wounded
250:
244:
238:
232:
226:
220:
214:
208:
167:William Bunche
159:
149:Baron Monteagle
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
97:English victory
89:
55:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5847:
5845:
5837:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5766:
5765:
5730:
5729:
5725:
5720:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5697:
5694:
5693:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5644:
5630:
5629:External links
5627:
5626:
5625:
5612:
5611:, vol. 3, 1859
5599:
5590:
5576:
5569:
5550:Sadler, John,
5548:
5542:
5529:
5523:
5508:
5502:
5487:
5481:
5464:
5457:
5456:, vol. 8 1951.
5447:
5440:
5433:
5427:
5414:
5407:
5401:
5388:
5367:
5361:
5348:
5342:
5329:
5324:
5314:
5304:
5293:
5279:
5276:
5269:
5262:
5255:
5245:
5227:
5214:
5204:
5191:
5178:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5134:
5127:
5121:. p. 21.
5106:
5082:
5064:
5042:
5016:
5006:Hall, Edward,
4999:
4979:
4965:
4953:
4941:
4927:
4915:
4902:
4900:, pp. 643–644.
4889:
4876:
4862:
4740:
4723:
4702:
4676:
4653:
4645:Thomas Deloney
4636:
4619:
4610:
4598:
4589:
4576:
4563:
4550:
4534:
4521:
4504:
4483:
4475:James Aikman,
4468:
4455:
4442:
4429:
4417:
4414:(1884), p. 163
4397:
4376:
4342:
4330:
4318:
4305:
4281:
4264:
4255:
4243:
4226:
4209:
4193:
4179:Arundel Castle
4163:
4144:
4129:
4112:
4097:
4077:
4064:
4052:
4039:
4026:
4024:, vol. 7, 151.
4020:Laing, David,
4013:
3990:
3978:
3966:
3938:
3925:
3916:
3907:
3898:
3889:
3880:
3871:
3862:
3853:
3844:
3835:
3817:
3808:
3799:
3790:
3781:
3772:
3763:
3750:
3741:
3728:
3719:
3710:
3701:
3688:
3679:
3670:
3661:
3652:
3643:
3634:
3621:
3594:
3585:
3576:
3553:
3544:
3542:, pp. 142–144.
3528:
3522:Hall, Edward,
3515:
3507:Aeneas Mackay,
3500:
3487:
3478:
3461:
3452:
3443:
3434:
3428:978-1605830179
3427:
3421:. p. 76.
3409:
3396:
3379:
3367:
3355:
3346:
3337:
3328:
3315:
3303:
3287:
3270:
3255:
3246:
3233:
3224:
3215:
3192:
3170:
3151:
3149:Elliot, p. 118
3139:
3137:Elliot, p. 117
3125:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3058:
3046:
3045:
2996:
2994:
2987:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2976:
2965:
2962:Sunset at Noon
2959:
2949:
2946:Margaret Tudor
2942:Elizabeth Byrd
2935:
2928:
2921:
2908:
2905:
2893:Quincentennial
2857:
2854:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2815:Henry Thwaites
2813:
2810:
2807:
2801:
2798:
2797:Thomas Conyers
2795:
2790:
2779:
2772:
2769:
2763:
2756:
2755:Roger Farewell
2753:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2743:Ralph Salvayne
2741:
2738:
2735:
2732:
2731:William Newton
2729:
2722:
2719:
2712:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2700:
2697:
2691:
2688:
2685:Ralph Ellerker
2682:
2679:Earl of Surrey
2675:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2660:
2654:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2635:
2629:
2621:
2616:
2613:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2572:
2569:
2559:
2550:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2516:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2489:
2486:
2479:
2476:
2471:
2468:
2459:
2452:
2449:
2444:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2405:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2373:
2370:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2355:
2345:
2338:
2332:
2325:
2322:
2317:Blackadder of
2315:
2308:
2302:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2254:
2249:
2243:
2232:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2197:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2167:
2166:
2152:
2146:
2131:
2117:George Hepburn
2114:
2102:
2101:
2087:
2086:
2069:September 2017
2001:
1999:
1992:
1986:
1983:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1918:
1917:
1916:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1851:
1848:
1771:
1768:
1712:iron gauntlets
1653:
1650:
1573:
1570:
1506:Bishop Ruthall
1476:
1473:
1448:
1445:
1385:
1382:
1261:
1258:
1237:Twizell Bridge
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1124:
1121:
1025:Thomas Ruthall
907:
904:
900:Milfield Plain
891:Northumberland
883:border reivers
878:
875:
843:. He declared:
801:Firth of Forth
783:excommunicated
725:
722:
691:Earl of Surrey
683:Northumberland
663:Brainston Moor
642:
641:
639:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
467:
464:
463:
454:
452:
451:
444:
437:
429:
420:
419:
417:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
335:
332:
331:
322:
320:
319:
312:
305:
297:
289:
288:
285:
281:
275:
274:
270:
269:
266:
262:
261:
257:
256:
246:Earl of Argyll
234:Earl of Lennox
151:
133:Earl of Surrey
125:
124:
120:
119:
114:
108:
107:
103:
102:
99:
98:
95:
91:
90:
83:Northumberland
76:
74:
70:
69:
66:
58:
57:
47:
46:
39:
38:
32:
31:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5846:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5771:
5769:
5762:
5759:
5728:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5699:
5695:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5675:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:at Wikisource
5654:
5649:
5645:
5642:
5637:
5633:
5632:
5628:
5623:
5619:
5618:
5613:
5610:
5606:
5605:
5600:
5597:
5596:
5591:
5587:
5586:
5581:
5577:
5574:
5570:
5567:
5563:
5559:
5555:
5554:
5549:
5545:
5539:
5535:
5530:
5526:
5520:
5516:
5515:
5509:
5505:
5499:
5495:
5494:
5488:
5484:
5482:0-85976-465-6
5478:
5473:
5472:
5465:
5462:
5458:
5455:
5451:
5450:Mackie, J. D.
5448:
5445:
5441:
5438:
5434:
5430:
5424:
5420:
5415:
5412:
5408:
5404:
5398:
5394:
5389:
5385:
5381:
5377:
5373:
5368:
5364:
5362:0-946928-21-5
5358:
5354:
5349:
5345:
5339:
5335:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5305:
5301:
5300:
5294:
5292:
5291:0-11-495786-X
5288:
5284:
5280:
5277:
5274:
5270:
5267:
5263:
5260:
5256:
5253:
5249:
5246:
5243:
5239:
5235:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5224:
5218:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5195:
5194:Giovio, Paolo
5192:
5189:
5187:
5182:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5169:
5166:
5165:
5164:
5162:
5158:
5154:
5150:
5146:
5138:
5130:
5128:9780717945351
5124:
5120:
5116:
5110:
5107:
5094:
5093:
5086:
5083:
5078:
5074:
5068:
5065:
5052:
5046:
5043:
5030:
5026:
5020:
5017:
5013:
5009:
5003:
5000:
4996:
4993:, pp. 56–57:
4992:
4990:
4983:
4980:
4975:
4969:
4966:
4962:
4957:
4954:
4950:
4945:
4942:
4938:
4937:
4931:
4928:
4924:
4919:
4916:
4912:
4906:
4903:
4899:
4893:
4890:
4886:
4880:
4877:
4873:
4872:
4866:
4863:
4859:
4853:
4851:
4849:
4847:
4845:
4843:
4841:
4839:
4837:
4835:
4833:
4831:
4829:
4827:
4825:
4823:
4821:
4819:
4817:
4815:
4813:
4811:
4809:
4807:
4805:
4803:
4801:
4799:
4797:
4795:
4793:
4791:
4789:
4787:
4785:
4783:
4781:
4779:
4777:
4775:
4773:
4771:
4769:
4767:
4765:
4763:
4761:
4759:
4757:
4755:
4753:
4751:
4749:
4747:
4745:
4741:
4738:
4734:
4733:
4732:Scots Peerage
4727:
4724:
4712:
4706:
4703:
4690:
4686:
4680:
4677:
4673:
4669:
4667:
4662:
4661:Aeneas Mackay
4657:
4654:
4650:
4646:
4643:Published in
4640:
4637:
4633:
4629:
4623:
4620:
4614:
4611:
4607:
4602:
4599:
4593:
4590:
4586:
4580:
4577:
4573:
4567:
4564:
4560:
4554:
4551:
4547:
4543:
4538:
4535:
4531:
4525:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4508:
4505:
4501:
4497:
4493:
4487:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4472:
4469:
4465:
4459:
4456:
4452:
4446:
4443:
4439:
4433:
4430:
4426:
4421:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4407:
4401:
4398:
4394:
4390:
4386:
4380:
4377:
4373:
4369:
4365:
4361:
4359:
4354:
4352:
4346:
4343:
4339:
4334:
4331:
4327:
4322:
4319:
4315:
4309:
4306:
4302:
4298:
4294:
4290:
4285:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4268:
4265:
4259:
4256:
4252:
4247:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4235:King James IV
4230:
4227:
4223:
4219:
4218:King James IV
4213:
4210:
4207:
4203:
4197:
4194:
4191:
4187:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4174:
4167:
4164:
4160:
4156:
4153:
4148:
4145:
4142:, pp. 335–341
4141:
4139:
4133:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4116:
4113:
4108:
4101:
4098:
4094:
4090:
4088:
4081:
4078:
4074:
4068:
4065:
4061:
4056:
4053:
4049:
4043:
4040:
4036:
4030:
4027:
4023:
4017:
4014:
4010:
4006:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3991:
3987:
3982:
3979:
3976:
3970:
3967:
3963:
3961:
3956:
3954:
3948:
3942:
3939:
3935:
3929:
3926:
3920:
3917:
3911:
3908:
3902:
3899:
3893:
3890:
3884:
3881:
3875:
3872:
3866:
3863:
3857:
3854:
3848:
3845:
3839:
3836:
3832:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3818:
3812:
3809:
3803:
3800:
3794:
3791:
3785:
3782:
3776:
3773:
3767:
3764:
3760:
3754:
3751:
3745:
3742:
3738:
3732:
3729:
3723:
3720:
3714:
3711:
3705:
3702:
3698:
3692:
3689:
3683:
3680:
3674:
3671:
3665:
3662:
3656:
3653:
3647:
3644:
3638:
3635:
3631:
3625:
3622:
3609:
3605:
3598:
3595:
3589:
3586:
3580:
3577:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3557:
3554:
3548:
3545:
3541:
3539:
3532:
3529:
3525:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3504:
3501:
3497:
3491:
3488:
3482:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3465:
3462:
3456:
3453:
3447:
3444:
3438:
3435:
3430:
3424:
3420:
3413:
3410:
3406:
3400:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3383:
3380:
3376:
3371:
3368:
3364:
3359:
3356:
3350:
3347:
3341:
3338:
3332:
3329:
3325:
3319:
3316:
3312:
3307:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3291:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3274:
3271:
3267:
3266:
3259:
3256:
3250:
3247:
3243:
3237:
3234:
3228:
3225:
3219:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3199:
3197:
3193:
3181:. Flodden.net
3180:
3174:
3171:
3168:Vol. 6 (1862)
3167:
3163:
3158:
3156:
3152:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3126:
3120:
3118:
3114:
3108:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3086:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3068:
3063:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3050:
3049:
3042:
3039:
3031:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3007:
3006:
3002:
2997:This section
2995:
2991:
2986:
2985:
2979:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2929:
2926:
2925:Flodden Field
2922:
2920:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2910:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2889:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2867:
2862:
2856:Commemoration
2855:
2853:
2851:
2845:
2843:
2838:
2830:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2811:
2809:William Percy
2808:
2806:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2785:, (father of
2784:
2780:
2777:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2764:
2762:, right wing.
2761:
2757:
2754:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2734:Thomas Newton
2733:
2730:
2728:, rear guard.
2727:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2713:
2710:
2707:
2705:Walter Stonor
2704:
2701:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2636:
2633:
2632:Edmund Howard
2630:
2627:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2614:
2611:
2606:
2604:
2600:
2599:
2593:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2575:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2517:
2515:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2480:
2478:William Keith
2477:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2364:
2362:William Carr.
2361:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2343:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2316:
2313:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2297:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2135:Lord St. John
2132:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2094:
2093:
2083:
2080:
2072:
2061:
2058:
2054:
2051:
2047:
2044:
2040:
2037:
2033:
2030: –
2029:
2025:
2024:Find sources:
2018:
2014:
2008:
2007:
2002:This section
2000:
1996:
1991:
1990:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1894:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1876:wrote in his
1875:
1870:
1861:
1860:David Starkey
1856:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1834:
1833:Earl of Angus
1830:
1826:
1822:
1817:
1813:
1808:
1806:
1801:
1797:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1781:
1777:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1727:
1725:
1719:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1662:
1658:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1646:Bishop of Ely
1643:
1642:James Stanley
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1582:
1578:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1533:
1531:
1526:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1510:Thomas Wolsey
1507:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1486:
1481:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1465:Andrew Barton
1460:
1458:
1454:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1441:British Isles
1437:
1431:
1424:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1403:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1383:
1376:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1266:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1244:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1229:Heaton Castle
1226:
1222:
1218:
1215:known as the
1214:
1210:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1187:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1164:Thomas Hawley
1161:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1129:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1101:Thomas Howard
1097:
1093:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1057:
1049:
1044:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1029:Norham Castle
1026:
1022:
1014:
1013:Norham Castle
1010:
1006:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
967:
965:
961:
960:Thomas Lovell
957:
953:
951:
947:
946:John Drummond
943:
942:
936:
932:
931:
925:
921:
912:
905:
903:
901:
897:
892:
888:
885:commanded by
884:
876:
874:
872:
868:
864:
860:
855:
849:
844:
842:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
816:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
793:
792:Great Michael
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
749:Auld Alliance
746:
742:
738:
737:Andrew Barton
735:
731:
723:
721:
719:
715:
714:British Isles
711:
706:
704:
703:Great Britain
698:
694:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
655:Flodden Field
652:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
576:Flodden Field
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
506:Homildon Hill
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
468:
465:
460:
450:
445:
443:
438:
436:
431:
430:
427:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
404:Flodden Field
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
384:Saint-Mathieu
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
336:
333:
328:
318:
313:
311:
306:
304:
299:
298:
295:
286:
280:
277:
276:
271:
267:
264:
263:
258:
255:
253:
247:
243:
241:
235:
231:
229:
223:
219:
217:
211:
207:
204:
201:
198:
195:
192:
189:
186:
183:
180:
177:
174:
171:
168:
165:
164:
162:
156:
155:King James IV
152:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
127:
126:
121:
118:
115:
113:
110:
109:
104:
96:
93:
92:
88:
84:
80:
75:
72:
71:
67:
64:
63:
59:
53:
48:
45:
40:
35:
30:
19:
18:Flodden Field
5731:
5672:
5669:John Skelton
5621:
5617:White's List
5616:
5608:
5603:
5593:
5584:
5572:
5552:
5533:
5513:
5492:
5470:
5460:
5453:
5443:
5436:
5418:
5410:
5392:
5375:
5371:
5352:
5333:
5318:
5308:
5298:
5282:
5272:
5265:
5259:Flodden 1513
5258:
5251:
5247:
5241:
5237:
5233:
5229:
5222:
5216:
5208:
5198:
5185:
5181:Hall, Edward
5172:
5156:
5152:
5148:
5144:
5142:
5118:
5109:
5097:. Retrieved
5091:
5085:
5077:the original
5067:
5055:. Retrieved
5045:
5033:. Retrieved
5028:
5019:
5011:
5007:
5002:
4994:
4988:
4982:
4968:
4960:
4956:
4944:
4935:
4930:
4922:
4918:
4910:
4905:
4897:
4892:
4884:
4879:
4870:
4865:
4857:
4731:
4726:
4714:. Retrieved
4705:
4693:. Retrieved
4689:the original
4679:
4671:
4665:
4656:
4648:
4639:
4631:
4627:
4622:
4613:
4605:
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4138:Archaeologia
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4008:
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3993:
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3969:
3959:
3952:
3946:
3945:Hay, Denys,
3941:
3933:
3928:
3919:
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3892:
3883:
3874:
3865:
3856:
3847:
3838:
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3766:
3758:
3753:
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3736:
3731:
3722:
3713:
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3691:
3682:
3673:
3664:
3655:
3646:
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3629:
3624:
3612:. Retrieved
3607:
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3588:
3579:
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3566:
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3294:
3290:
3282:
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3249:
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3236:
3227:
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3202:
3183:. Retrieved
3173:
3165:
3076:Mendip Hills
3065:
3052:
3034:
3025:
3010:Please help
2998:
2961:
2955:
2937:
2931:
2924:
2919:Walter Scott
2913:
2890:
2871:
2868:in Edinburgh
2866:Mercat Cross
2846:
2834:
2783:Thorp Perrow
2776:Ralph Bulmer
2721:William Roos
2716:George Bowes
2711:Thomas Burgh
2671:John Howthom
2639:Thomas Darcy
2618:
2608:
2602:
2596:
2594:
2581:
2579:
2557:Cambusnethan
2514:Clan Maclean
2295:
2294:
2234:
2233:
2169:
2168:
2104:
2103:
2091:
2090:
2075:
2066:
2056:
2049:
2042:
2035:
2023:
2011:Please help
2006:verification
2003:
1976:
1973:
1961:Mercat Cross
1958:
1919:
1893:John Riddell
1890:
1885:
1877:
1865:
1837:
1809:
1793:
1773:
1759:Paolo Giovio
1740:
1728:
1720:
1704:Woburn Abbey
1697:
1686:
1682:Sheen Priory
1665:
1655:
1631:, following
1605:
1586:
1534:
1527:
1508:reported to
1500:
1490:
1461:
1450:
1432:
1428:
1411:hydrologists
1407:
1391:
1387:
1337:
1272:
1249:
1239:downstream.
1206:
1172:Islay Herald
1157:
1134:
1089:
1053:
1018:
968:
954:
940:
939:(mid-sized)
934:
927:
917:
880:
851:
846:
832:Islay Herald
817:
790:
785:by Cardinal
773:
769:Italian Wars
727:
707:
699:
695:
669:between the
662:
658:
654:
650:
648:
575:
403:
278:
251:
239:
227:
215:
202:
199:
196:
193:
190:
187:
184:
181:
178:
175:
172:
169:
166:
160:
153:
106:Belligerents
42:Part of the
29:
5753: /
5378:(1): 9–28.
5057:4 September
4716:4 September
4695:4 September
3957:, 186–187:
3614:29 November
3185:4 September
3093:Percy Folio
2456:Fast Castle
2327:Boswell of
2141:, prior of
1814:arrived at
1593:Richard III
1530:John Lesley
1457:Renaissance
1349:Baron Dacre
1284:Highlanders
1138:antiquaries
1065:Rouge Croix
1060:Edward Hall
1048:Ford Castle
1021:Twiselhaugh
991:River Tweed
950:St Margaret
805:Isle of May
710:Middle Ages
601:Ancrum Moor
591:Solway Moss
501:Nesbit Moor
496:Fulhope Law
145:Baron Dacre
5768:Categories
5738:55°37′37″N
5257:Barr, N.,
5157:Chronicle.
5139:References
4358:CSP Venice
4277:CSP Venice
4239:Chronicles
3964:, no. 2578
3028:March 2021
2973:Neil Munro
2969:Clan Munro
2907:In fiction
2850:Civic Week
2740:Roger Grey
2659:, rearward
2565:, 16th of
2466:Torwoodlee
2329:Auchinleck
2319:Blackadder
2039:newspapers
1965:Royal Mile
1850:Casualties
1844:rose-noble
1743:Linlithgow
1678:Michaelmas
1657:Lord Dacre
1554:Manchester
1538:Lancashire
1522:Brian Tuke
1402:halbediers
1384:Engagement
1369:field guns
1321:siege guns
1213:Roman road
1209:River Till
1201:River Till
1092:Pontefract
1085:Glenbervie
995:Coldstream
975:Burgh Muir
877:"Ill Raid"
775:Pope Leo X
724:Background
621:Haddington
616:Drumlanrig
586:Haddon Rig
5741:2°10′31″W
5384:0899-3718
5035:10 August
4949:no deaths
4093:Chronicle
3109:Footnotes
2999:does not
2932:Tom Fleck
2886:Middleton
2876:, now in
2767:Carthorpe
2696:, forward
2652:Arncliffe
2567:Riccarton
2390:Kilbirnie
2377:Ochiltree
2367:Ochiltree
1886:Chronicle
1829:Alexander
1794:The full
1666:Chronicle
1661:John Stow
1550:Middleton
1355:, mostly
1325:culverins
1253:Agnus Dei
1153:hill fort
930:culverins
887:Lord Home
836:Lyon King
759:" in the
753:Louis XII
734:privateer
720:in 1485.
636:Redeswire
611:Inchkeith
596:Edinburgh
581:Hornshole
556:Piperdean
546:Beaugency
511:Yeavering
486:Otterburn
414:Marignano
364:Mirandola
359:Polesella
344:Agnadello
284:5,000 DOW
265:26,000men
206:Lord Home
5582:(1913).
5444:James IV
5254:, (1931)
5201:, (1549)
5188:, (1809)
5163:report.
5117:(1954).
5014:, (1911)
4672:James IV
4500:James IV
4496:James IV
4186:Archived
4155:Archived
4089:, (1805)
4048:James IV
4035:James IV
3496:James IV
3087:See also
3080:Somerset
2687:, junior
2440:, Fife;
2349:Cathcart
2342:Kinnaird
2312:Denmilne
2125:Arbroath
1882:Thetford
1785:The Bass
1780:Stirling
1542:Cheshire
1483:English
1475:Weaponry
1421:An 1873
1353:polearms
1296:Montrose
1292:Crawford
1233:vanguard
1176:Milfield
1150:Iron Age
1146:bastions
1142:ramparts
1113:Cuthbert
971:chivalry
937:and six
906:Invasion
869:and the
841:Margaret
687:James IV
679:Branxton
673:and the
659:Branxton
566:Roxburgh
536:Herrings
526:Verneuil
409:La Motta
260:Strength
79:Branxton
73:Location
5463:, 1835.
5446:, 1989.
5268:, 1896.
5261:, 2001.
5099:25 June
4273:L&P
3392:Foedera
3388:Foedera
3299:Foedera
3295:Foedera
3020:removed
3005:sources
2842:chancel
2805:Hartley
2726:Wyghall
2590:Selkirk
2563:Craigie
2520:Panmure
2438:Fordell
2092:Royalty
2053:scholar
1979:Yetholm
1963:on the
1798:met at
1708:Tournai
1689:cuisses
1672:. From
1572:Honours
1552:, near
1361:archers
1280:Huntley
1276:battles
1269:battle.
1117:Alnwick
1069:heralds
933:, four
922:to the
834:or the
822:at the
712:in the
571:Berwick
531:Orléans
521:Cravant
481:Melrose
379:Navarre
374:Ravenna
369:Brescia
354:Vicenza
252:†
240:†
228:†
216:†
161:†
87:England
5564:
5540:
5521:
5500:
5479:
5425:
5399:
5382:
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5340:
5289:
5125:
4366:(sic)
4175:(1995)
3425:
3209:
2626:Upsall
2423:Powrie
2105:Clergy
2055:
2048:
2041:
2034:
2026:
1621:Toledo
1544:. Sir
1329:sakers
1304:Lennox
1300:Argyll
1288:Erroll
1221:Lowick
1183:Battle
1166:, the
1160:Wooler
1103:, the
928:gross
854:Warden
606:Pinkie
389:Novara
339:Cadore
248:
236:
224:
212:
157:
94:Result
5607:, in
3062:Starz
2170:Earls
2060:JSTOR
2046:books
1869:Lille
1357:bills
1316:pikes
1227:near
1225:fords
983:Angus
896:broom
809:Brest
631:Leith
551:Patay
516:Baugé
399:Dijon
349:Padua
77:Near
5562:ISBN
5538:ISBN
5519:ISBN
5498:ISBN
5477:ISBN
5423:ISBN
5397:ISBN
5380:ISSN
5357:ISBN
5338:ISBN
5287:ISBN
5123:ISBN
5101:2019
5059:2013
5037:2014
4718:2013
4697:2013
4355:and
4271:See
4022:PSAS
3616:2020
3423:ISBN
3207:ISBN
3187:2013
3003:any
3001:cite
2891:The
2837:burn
2595:The
2481:Sir
2161:and
2129:Iona
2127:and
2032:news
1763:hare
1747:desk
1674:York
1540:and
1497:pike
1493:bill
1485:bill
1302:and
1294:and
1144:and
1083:and
1037:Ford
1035:and
1033:Etal
987:Home
985:and
765:Pope
649:The
561:Sark
491:1400
476:1385
471:Duns
65:Date
5620:in
3078:in
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