99:
1087:
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86:
457:
31:
125:
346:
established taxonomy based on structure, and his early work was with plant anatomy. While the exact structural level which is to be considered to be scientifically valid for comparison and differentiation has changed with the growth of knowledge, the basic principles were established by
Linnaeus. He
89:
This is a diagram of the anatomy of a plant with labels of structural parts of the plants and the roots. 1. Shoot system. 2. Root system. 3. Hypocotyl. 4. Terminal bud. 5. Leaf blade. 6. Internode. 7. Axillary bud. 8. Petiole. 9. Stem. 10. Node. 11. Tap root. 12. Root hairs. 13. Root tip. 14. Root
94:
Some studies of plant anatomy use a systems approach, organized on the basis of the plant's activities, such as nutrient transport, flowering, pollination, embryogenesis or seed development. Others are more classically divided into the following structural categories:
65:, the description of the physical form and external structure of plants, but since the mid-20th century, plant anatomy has been considered a separate field referring only to internal plant structure. Plant anatomy is now frequently investigated at the
402:, in which he argued that plant anatomy, not physiology, ought to be the sole basis for plant classification. Using a scientific basis, he established structural criteria for defining and separating plant genera.
338:
in 1682. Grew is credited with the recognition of plant cells, although he called them 'vesicles' and 'bladders'. He correctly identified and described the sexual organs of plants (flowers) and their parts.
2538:
311:
in 1596, which was the first to use this convention for naming of species. His criteria for classification included natural relationships, or 'affinities', which in many cases were structural.
2543:
2676:
532:(1953), which became the definitive textbook on plant structure in North American universities and elsewhere, it was still in print as of 2006. She followed up with her
424:, stating, "the lower plants all consist of one cell, while the higher plants are composed of (many) individual cells" thus confirming and continuing Mirbel's work.
431:, described the mitotic process in plant cells and further demonstrated that new cell nuclei can only arise from the division of other pre-existing nuclei. His
2594:
398:
969:
2410:
1412:
355:
268:
98:
684:
803:"(Book Review) Esau's Plant Anatomy, Meristems, Cells, and Tissues of the Plant Body: their Structure, Function, and Development. 3rd edn"
498:
groups, applied the theory to plants using the form and structure of plants to establish a number of evolutionary lines. He published his
903:
Goffinet, B.; Buck, W. R.; Shaw, J. (2008). Morphology, anatomy, and classification of the
Bryophyta. In: Goffinet, B.; Shaw, J. (eds.).
647:
1111:
2600:
1007:
659:
582:
441:, a German botanist, studied plant physiology and classified plant tissue based upon function. On this basis, in 1884, he published
1495:
974:
1934:
1106:
709:
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1225:
1865:
1182:
378:
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1686:
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288:). He developed concepts of plant morphology and classification, which did not withstand the scientific scrutiny of the
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472:
2400:
1086:
314:
It was in the late 1600s that plant anatomy became refined into a modern science. Italian doctor and microscopist,
2550:
1462:
638:
Esau's Plant anatomy: meristems, cells, and tissues of the plant body - their structure, function and development
594:
Hagemann, Wolfgang (1992). "The
Relationship of Anatomy to Morphology in Plants: A New Theoretical Perspective".
2688:
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1583:
1101:
417:
468:
197:
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2518:
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883:
453:), in which he described twelve types of tissue systems (absorptive, mechanical, photosynthetic, etc.).
300:
970:
Farabee, M.J. (2001) "Plants and their structure" Estrella
Mountain Community College, Phoenix, Arizona
927:
Anatomy of the
Dicotyledons: Leaves, stem and wood in relation to taxonomy, with notes on economic uses
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described the structures of fossilized plants at the end of the nineteenth century. Scott's
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2015:
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34:
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2010:
1981:
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66:
17:
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2020:
2001:
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1397:
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1372:
1064:
505:
The growth of comparative plant anatomy was spearheaded by
British botanist
323:
148:
779:
736:
723:
Bolam, J. (1973). "The botanical works of
Nehemiah Grew, FRS (1641-1712)".
456:
85:
318:, was one of the two founders of plant anatomy. In 1671, he published his
30:
2631:
2621:
2565:
2560:
2327:
2200:
2176:
2093:
1763:
1548:
1280:
985:
818:
241:
183:
128:
1816:
1811:
1728:
1718:
1285:
1016:
615:
545:
161:
54:
907:, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, pp. 55–138 (1st ed., 2000,
787:
744:
494:, who was studying the comparative anatomy and phylogeny of different
2269:
2161:
2115:
2081:
2035:
2025:
1986:
1924:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1504:
219:
124:
851:
Plant
Anatomy: A Concept-Based Approach to the Study of Seed Plants
607:
2493:
2427:
2349:
2317:
2274:
2166:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2086:
2071:
2040:
1961:
1619:
1610:
455:
215:
189:
136:
123:
84:
58:
29:
2344:
2339:
1991:
1831:
1806:
1801:
1785:
1756:
1644:
679:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. p. xiii.
237:
227:
193:
179:
153:
110:
1477:
989:
2264:
1826:
266:
wrote a number of plant treatises, only two of which survive,
283:
273:
947:
Schweingruber, F. H.; Börner, A.; Schulze, E. (2011-2013).
896:
Cutler, D. F.; Gregory, M.; Rudall, P. (eds.) (1960-2014).
1473:
936:
Schoute, J. C. (1938). Anatomy. In: Verdoorn, F. (ed.).
856:
Eames, Arthur
Johnson; MacDaniels, Laurence H. (1947).
573:
Raven, P. H.; Evert, R. F. and
Eichhorn, S. E. (2005)
370:) establishing the beginnings of the science of plant
766:
Thomas, Hanshaw H. (1960). "Agnes Arber, 1879–1960".
768:
Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
322:, the first major advance in plant physiogamy since
2650:
2614:
2504:
2377:
2293:
2189:
2139:
1864:
1794:
1737:
1699:
1673:
1609:
1529:
1365:
1327:
1294:
1246:
1198:
1148:
1132:
1094:
1027:
413:, the first comprehensive review of plant anatomy.
389:, describing microscopic studies of plant tissues.
849:Crang, R.C.; Lyons-Sobaski, S.; Wise, R.R. (2018)
672:
519:The Gramineae: A Study of Cereal, Bamboo and Grass
53:is the general term for the study of the internal
949:Atlas of Stem Anatomy in Herbs, Shrubs and Trees
940:. Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague. pp. 65–104.
725:Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London
636:Evert, Ray Franklin and Esau, Katherine (2006)
577:(7th edition) W. H. Freeman, New York, page 9,
188:Fruit/Seed anatomy, including structure of the
1489:
1001:
929:. 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1500 pp.,
8:
2595:International Association for Plant Taxonomy
918:. Chicago, The University of Chicago Press,
511:Water Plants: A Study of Aquatic Angiosperms
443:
383:
362:Traité d'anatomie et de physiologie végétale
360:
332:An Idea of a Philosophical History of Plants
326:. The other founder was the British doctor
1696:
1496:
1482:
1474:
1008:
994:
986:
826:
236:Root anatomy, including structure of the
206:Wood anatomy, including structure of the
27:Study of the internal structure of plants
2539:International Code of Nomenclature (ICN)
704:Craig, Richard & Vassilyev, Andrey.
368:Treatise on Plant Anatomy and Physiology
97:
675:Molecular Genetics of Plant Development
596:International Journal of Plant Sciences
566:
135:Flower anatomy, including study of the
69:, and often involves the sectioning of
959:. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg.
515:Monocotyledons: A Morphological Study
7:
900:. 10 vols. Oxford University Press.
399:Théorie élémentaire de la botanique
356:Charles-François Brisseau de Mirbel
925:Metcalfe, C.R.; Chalk, L. (1957).
712:from the original on 24 July 2010.
385:Beyträge zur Anatomie der Pflanzen
25:
2544:ICN for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP)
2707:
2706:
1452:
1443:
1442:
1085:
858:An Introduction to Plant Anatomy
671:Howell, Stephen Herbert (1998).
295:A Swiss physician and botanist,
860:2nd ed. McGraw-Hill, New York,
445:Physiologische Pflanzenanatomie
933:(2nd ed., 1979-1998, 4 vols.).
1:
898:Anatomy of the Monocotyledons
853:. Springer, New York, 725 pp.
422:Contributions to Phytogenesis
379:Johann Jacob Paul Moldenhawer
2585:History of plant systematics
2172:Thorns, spines, and prickles
1425:Standard anatomical position
1350:Glossary of plant morphology
1345:Glossary of dinosaur anatomy
1340:Anatomical terms of location
982:- University of Rhode Island
640:Wiley, Hoboken, New Jersey,
916:The anatomy of woody plants
500:The Anatomy of Woody Plants
473:William Crawford Williamson
451:Physiological Plant Anatomy
394:Augustin Pyrame de Candolle
392:In 1813, a Swiss botanist,
347:published his master work,
342:In the eighteenth century,
2754:
2401:Alternation of generations
427:A German-Polish botanist,
284:
274:
255:
61:. Originally, it included
37:in leaf cells of the moss
2702:
2551:Cultivated plant taxonomy
2514:Biological classification
1511:
1463:Index of anatomy articles
1438:
1083:
975:Botanical Visual Glossary
463:, Father of Plant Anatomy
416:In 1838, German botanist
354:In 1802, French botanist
156:, including study of the
2411:Evolutionary development
1112:morphological plasticity
1102:Bacterial cell structure
880:History of Plant Anatomy
875:2nd ed. Wiley, New York.
871:Esau, Katherine (1965).
524:Following World War II,
477:Studies in Fossil Botany
433:Studien über Protoplasma
418:Matthias Jakob Schleiden
170:Stem anatomy, including
2062:Hypanthium (Floral cup)
914:Jeffrey, E. C. (1917).
479:was published in 1900.
469:Dunkinfield Henry Scott
467:British paleobotanists
435:was published in 1876.
280:On the Causes of Plants
2677:by author abbreviation
2601:Plant taxonomy systems
2519:Botanical nomenclature
1430:Transcendental anatomy
1335:Anatomical terminology
980:Plant anatomy glossary
780:10.1098/rsbm.1960.0021
737:10.1098/rsnr.1973.0017
534:Anatomy of seed plants
492:Edward Charles Jeffrey
464:
444:
384:
361:
309:Pinax theatri botanici
131:
121:
91:
43:
2684:Botanical expeditions
1107:cellular morphologies
938:Manual of Pteridology
490:a Canadian botanist,
459:
336:The Anatomy of Plants
301:binomial nomenclature
228:heartwood and sapwood
127:
101:
88:
33:
2416:Evolutionary history
2406:Double fertilization
2258:Cellular respiration
1378:Anatomical variation
1061:Microscopic anatomy
882:. Miami University,
801:Chaffey, N. (2006).
113:branch (right) from
81:Structural divisions
1635:Non-vascular plants
1393:Form classification
1261:Neanderthal anatomy
1119:Colonial morphology
1057:Comparative anatomy
1040:Superficial anatomy
439:Gottlieb Haberlandt
269:Enquiry into Plants
2738:Branches of botany
2140:Surface structures
1935:Flower development
1408:History of anatomy
1095:Bacteria and fungi
819:10.1093/aob/mcm015
650:2013-12-31 at the
465:
429:Eduard Strasburger
320:Anatomia Plantarum
275:Περὶ φυτῶν ἱστορία
132:
122:
92:
44:
2720:
2719:
2359:Herbaceous plants
2185:
2184:
1471:
1470:
1304:Amphibian anatomy
1296:Other vertebrates
1238:Arthropod cuticle
1216:Insect morphology
1211:Gastropod anatomy
1124:Lichen morphology
1050:brain morphometry
905:Bryophyte Biology
878:Meicenheimer, R.
686:978-0-521-58784-6
602:(3(2)): S38–S48.
575:Biology of Plants
488:Origin of Species
349:Species Plantarum
316:Marcello Malpighi
285:Περὶ φυτῶν αἰτιῶν
258:History of botany
119:Anatomy of Plants
16:(Redirected from
2745:
2710:
2709:
2689:Individual trees
2364:Secondary growth
2335:Succulent plants
2323:Prostrate shrubs
2206:Apical dominance
2191:Plant physiology
2152:Epicuticular wax
1697:
1690:
1681:Plant morphology
1498:
1491:
1484:
1475:
1456:
1446:
1445:
1383:Anatomical plane
1281:Elephant anatomy
1178:Plant morphology
1089:
1010:
1003:
996:
987:
955:. Vol. 2, 2013,
951:. Vol. 1, 2011,
864:(1st ed., 1925,
833:
832:
830:
807:Annals of Botany
798:
792:
791:
763:
757:
756:
720:
714:
713:
697:
691:
690:
678:
668:
662:
634:
628:
627:
591:
585:
571:
556:Plant physiology
551:Plant morphology
509:. She published
447:
387:
364:
287:
286:
277:
276:
224:vascular cambium
176:vascular tissues
63:plant morphology
21:
2753:
2752:
2748:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2743:
2742:
2723:
2722:
2721:
2716:
2698:
2667:Botanical terms
2660:
2646:
2610:
2556:Citrus taxonomy
2534:Author citation
2500:
2394:
2373:
2295:
2289:
2285:Turgor pressure
2193:
2181:
2135:
1950:Floral symmetry
1868:
1860:
1790:
1779:Vascular bundle
1774:Vascular tissue
1733:
1693:
1684:
1683:
1669:
1640:Vascular plants
1605:
1601:Plant pathology
1525:
1507:
1502:
1472:
1467:
1434:
1361:
1355:leaf morphology
1323:
1290:
1286:Giraffe anatomy
1242:
1206:Decapod anatomy
1194:
1190:Soil morphology
1173:Plant life-form
1144:
1128:
1090:
1081:
1023:
1014:
966:
893:
846:
841:
839:Further reading
836:
800:
799:
795:
765:
764:
760:
722:
721:
717:
708:. McGraw-Hill.
706:"Plant Anatomy"
703:
698:
694:
687:
670:
669:
665:
652:Wayback Machine
635:
631:
593:
592:
588:
572:
568:
564:
542:
330:. He published
307:. He published
260:
254:
202:accessory fruit
103:Vascular tissue
83:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2749:
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2703:
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2697:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
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2669:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2658:
2657:Related topics
2655:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2618:
2616:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2606:Taxonomic rank
2603:
2598:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2558:
2548:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2524:Botanical name
2516:
2510:
2508:
2506:Plant taxonomy
2502:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2497:
2496:
2491:
2490:
2489:
2482:Megasporangium
2479:
2478:
2477:
2470:Microsporangia
2462:
2461:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2435:
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2413:
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2315:
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2308:Cushion plants
2299:
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2288:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2261:
2260:
2255:
2245:
2243:Plant hormones
2240:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2226:Photosynthesis
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2197:
2195:
2187:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2101:
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2089:
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2056:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2038:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2007:
2006:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1959:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1945:Floral formula
1942:
1940:Floral diagram
1937:
1932:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1893:
1883:
1878:
1872:
1870:
1869:(incl. Flower)
1862:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1829:
1819:
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1809:
1804:
1798:
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1792:
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1789:
1788:
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1781:
1771:
1769:Storage organs
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1703:
1694:
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1677:
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1670:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1655:Spermatophytes
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1625:Archaeplastida
1622:
1616:
1614:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1579:Phytogeography
1576:
1574:Phytochemistry
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1535:
1533:
1531:Subdisciplines
1527:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1518:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1493:
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1439:
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1427:
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1417:
1416:
1415:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1369:
1367:
1366:Related topics
1363:
1362:
1360:
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964:External links
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813:(4): 785–786.
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526:Katherine Esau
496:vascular plant
484:Charles Darwin
297:Gaspard Bauhin
262:About 300 BC,
256:Main article:
253:
250:
249:
248:
234:
204:
186:
172:stem structure
168:
166:palisade cells
151:
82:
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67:cellular level
40:Mnium stellare
26:
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18:Floral anatomy
14:
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2733:Plant anatomy
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2067:Inflorescence
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1752:Ground tissue
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1675:Plant anatomy
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1596:Plant ecology
1594:
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1591:Plant anatomy
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1539:Archaeobotany
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1319:Shark anatomy
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1299:
1297:
1293:
1287:
1284:
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1279:
1277:
1276:Horse anatomy
1274:
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1262:
1259:
1257:
1256:Human anatomy
1254:
1253:
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1199:Invertebrates
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1156:Plant anatomy
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1077:Morphometrics
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1035:Gross anatomy
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873:Plant Anatomy
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660:0-471-73843-3
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531:
530:Plant Anatomy
527:
522:
520:
517:in 1925, and
516:
512:
508:
503:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
480:
478:
474:
470:
462:
461:Nehemiah Grew
458:
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365:
363:
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352:
350:
345:
344:Carl Linnaeus
340:
337:
333:
329:
328:Nehemiah Grew
325:
321:
317:
312:
310:
306:
302:
299:, introduced
298:
293:
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281:
271:
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232:branch collar
229:
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109:(left) and a
108:
104:
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96:
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78:
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68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
47:Plant anatomy
42:
41:
36:
32:
19:
2637:Horticulture
2627:Floriculture
2529:Correct name
2379:Reproduction
2369:Woody plants
2294:Plant growth
2253:Gas Exchange
2238:Phytomelanin
2116:Plant embryo
1866:Reproductive
1714:Phragmoplast
1674:
1590:
1413:19th century
1403:Hertwig rule
1314:Fish anatomy
1309:Bird anatomy
1183:reproductive
1155:
1045:Neuroanatomy
948:
937:
926:
915:
904:
897:
879:
872:
857:
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806:
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771:
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724:
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481:
476:
466:
450:
442:
437:
432:
426:
421:
420:, published
415:
410:
404:
397:
396:, published
391:
382:
376:
367:
359:
358:, published
353:
348:
341:
335:
334:in 1672 and
331:
319:
313:
308:
294:
279:
267:
264:Theophrastus
261:
154:Leaf anatomy
118:
93:
50:
46:
45:
38:
35:Chloroplasts
2453:Pollen tube
2448:Pollinators
2438:Pollination
2433:Germination
2248:Respiration
2231:Chlorophyll
2077:Pedicellate
2011:Gametophyte
1930:Aestivation
1881:Antheridium
1876:Archegonium
1724:Plasmodesma
1701:Plant cells
1564:Paleobotany
1559:Ethnobotany
1544:Astrobotany
1420:Physiognomy
1271:Dog anatomy
1266:Cat anatomy
1168:Plant habit
891:Specialized
528:published,
507:Agnes Arber
407:Franz Meyen
303:into plant
290:Renaissance
2727:Categories
2475:Microspore
2465:Sporangium
2443:Artificial
2131:Sporophyte
2126:Sporophyll
2121:Receptacle
2016:Gynandrium
1886:Androecium
1795:Vegetative
1665:Angiosperm
1660:Gymnosperm
1554:Dendrology
1328:Glossaries
1140:Structures
1021:morphology
562:References
482:Following
411:Phytotomie
409:published
381:published
246:endodermis
184:shoot apex
145:androecium
107:gooseberry
75:microscopy
2672:Botanists
2590:Herbarium
2487:Megaspore
2385:Evolution
2328:Subshrubs
2296:and habit
2221:Nutrition
2216:Cellulose
2211:Bulk flow
2194:Materials
2157:Epidermis
2021:Gynoecium
2002:Endosperm
1997:Dispersal
1913:Staminode
1849:Sessility
1837:Cataphyll
1757:Mesophyll
1709:Cell wall
1650:Lycophyte
1630:Bryophyte
1584:Geobotany
1569:Phycology
1398:Gracility
1388:Body plan
1373:Allometry
1070:molecular
1065:histology
753:143696615
536:in 1960.
521:in 1934.
513:in 1920,
502:in 1917.
405:In 1830,
377:In 1812,
351:in 1753.
324:Aristotle
158:epidermis
149:gynoecium
55:structure
51:phytotomy
2712:Category
2632:Forestry
2622:Agronomy
2615:Practice
2566:Cultivar
2561:Cultigen
2421:timeline
2313:Rosettes
2201:Aleurone
2177:Trichome
2094:Perianth
1906:Filament
1764:Meristem
1687:glossary
1549:Bryology
1448:Category
1133:Protists
774:: 1–11.
710:Archived
648:Archived
624:84816710
540:See also
372:cytology
305:taxonomy
242:root tip
198:pericarp
129:Root tip
2390:Ecology
2147:Cuticle
1977:Capsule
1967:Anatomy
1918:Tapetum
1842:Petiole
1817:Rhizome
1812:Rhizoid
1739:Tissues
1729:Vacuole
1719:Plastid
1521:Outline
1516:History
1248:Mammals
1226:Odonata
1221:Diptera
1017:Anatomy
844:General
828:2802946
616:2995526
546:Anatomy
278:), and
252:History
162:stomata
141:corolla
71:tissues
2694:Plants
2597:(IAPT)
2350:Lianas
2318:Shrubs
2270:Starch
2162:Nectar
2082:Raceme
2048:Stigma
2036:Locule
2026:Carpel
1987:Pyrena
1925:Flower
1901:Anther
1896:Stamen
1891:Pollen
1613:groups
1505:Botany
1458:Portal
1149:Plants
1028:Fields
825:
788:769330
786:
751:
745:530999
743:
683:
658:
622:
614:
581:
220:phloem
147:, and
59:plants
2654:Lists
2571:Group
2494:Spore
2428:Flora
2345:Vines
2340:Trees
2303:Habit
2275:Sugar
2167:Stoma
2109:Sepal
2104:Petal
2099:Tepal
2087:Umbel
2072:Bract
2053:Style
2041:Ovule
2031:Ovary
1972:Berry
1962:Fruit
1955:Whorl
1822:Shoot
1620:Algae
1611:Plant
1161:fruit
784:JSTOR
749:S2CID
741:JSTOR
642:page
620:S2CID
612:JSTOR
216:xylem
190:ovule
137:calyx
105:of a
2576:Grex
2458:Self
1992:Seed
1854:Stem
1832:Leaf
1807:Root
1802:Bulb
1786:Wood
1747:Cork
1645:Fern
1019:and
957:link
953:link
942:link
931:link
920:link
909:link
884:link
866:link
862:link
701:e.g.
699:See
681:ISBN
656:ISBN
579:ISBN
471:and
238:root
230:and
212:cork
208:bark
200:and
194:seed
182:and
180:buds
174:and
164:and
115:Grew
111:vine
73:and
2265:Sap
1982:Nut
1827:Bud
823:PMC
815:doi
776:doi
733:doi
604:doi
600:153
486:'s
117:'s
90:cap
57:of
49:or
2729::
911:).
868:).
821:.
811:99
809:.
805:.
782:.
770:.
747:.
739:.
729:27
727:.
654:,
644:xv
618:.
610:.
598:.
374:.
292:.
244:,
240:,
226:,
222:,
218:,
214:,
210:,
196:,
192:,
178:,
160:,
143:,
139:,
77:.
1689:)
1685:(
1497:e
1490:t
1483:v
1009:e
1002:t
995:v
944:.
922:.
886:.
831:.
817::
790:.
778::
772:6
755:.
735::
689:.
626:.
606::
449:(
366:(
282:(
272:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
