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217:. Foster attended the Moravian Seminary for Young Ladies in Bethlehem, Pa. from September 1881 to March 1882, where she was among 20 students in the "Fourth Room". Shortly after 4:00 p.m. on Tuesday, December 20, 1881, Foster performed a vocal duet of “Two Merry Alpine Maids” as part of the annual Christmas service. Composed by Stephen Glover (1813–1870), this particular number was described by London’s
498:, who composed a song for the recital. McMoon later recalled a moment: " 'If my silhouette does not convince you yet / My figure surely will' , she put her hands righteously to her hips and went into a circular dance that was the most ludicrous thing I have ever seen. And created a pandemonium in the place. One famous actress had to be carried out of her box because she became so hysterical."
242:, built in 1897 in Philadelphia at 1530–1532 Spruce Street, on the southeast corner of 16th. The 9-story luxurious high-rise is still in operation as of 2024. Years later, she claimed to have been granted a divorce decree on March 24, 1902, although no documentation of any such ruling has been found. She retained the Jenkins surname for the remainder of her life.
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261:, popular diversions in upper-crust social circles of that era. In each of these productions, Jenkins would cast herself as the main character in the final tableau, wearing an elaborate costume of her own design. In a widely republished photograph, Jenkins poses in a costume, complete with angelic wings, from her tableau inspired by
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Despite her careful efforts to insulate her singing from public exposure, a majority of critics favored the view that
Jenkins's self-delusion was genuine. "At that time Frank Sinatra had started to sing, and the teenagers used to faint during his notes and scream," McMoon told an interviewer. "So she
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can be heard making adjustments to compensate for her constant tempo variations and rhythmic mistakes, but there was little he could do to conceal her inaccurate intonation. She was consistently flat, sometimes considerably so. Her diction was similarly substandard, particularly with foreign-language
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Once when a taxi in which she was riding collided with another car, Jenkins let out a high-pitched scream. Upon arriving home, she went immediately to her piano and confirmed (at least to herself) that the note she had screamed was the fabled F above high C, a pitch she had never before been able to
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as
Jenkins. After an interim engagement at the Berkshire Theater Festival, it opened on Broadway at the Lyceum Theater in 2005, directed by Vivian Matalon and starring Donald Corren and Judy Kaye. Kaye summarized the difficulties of her role: "It's hard work to sing badly well. You could sing badly
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The difficult operatic arias that
Jenkins chose to perform—all well beyond her technical ability and vocal range—served only to emphasize these deficiencies. "There's no way to even pedagogically discuss it," said vocal instructor Bill Schuman. "It's amazing that she's even attempting to sing that
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On July 11, 1883, ten days after the funeral of her sister and eight days before her 15th birthday, Florence married Dr. Francis
Thornton Jenkins, a physician 16 years her senior, in Philadelphia (in 1880, the age of consent for marriage in Pennsylvania was ten). The following year, after learning
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Jenkins commissioned filming of her performances at the Verdi Club's signature annual event, the "Ball of the Silver
Skylarks", held each October at the Ritz Carlton Hotel. All were thought lost until copies of the 1934 through 1939 and 1941 films were discovered in 2009. Jenkins historian Donald
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Since ticket distribution was out of
Jenkins's control for the first time, mockers, scoffers, and critics could no longer be kept at bay. The following morning's newspapers were filled with scathing, sarcastic reviews that devastated Jenkins, according to Bayfield. " has a great voice," wrote the
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relationship that continued the rest of her life. Upon her father's death later that year, Jenkins became the beneficiary of a sizable trust, and resolved to resume her musical career as a singer with
Bayfield as her manager. She began taking voice lessons and immersed herself in wealthy New York
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and a wicker basket of flowers, clicking the castanets and tossing the flowers one by one. When she ran out of flowers, she flung the basket too—and then the castanets. Her fans, aware that "Clavelitos" was her favorite song, would usually demand an encore, prompting her to send McMoon into the
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as "a gay duet, with yodel and la la passages..." In a little under a year at the
Bethlehem Female Seminary, Florence Foster paid over $ 100 for music instruction and sheet music (equivalent to almost $ 3,000 in 2023 dollars). Foster’s interest in music was further evidenced by her purchase of
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According to published reviews and other contemporary accounts, Jenkins's proficiency at the piano did not translate well to her singing. She is described as having great difficulty with such basic vocal skills as pitch, rhythm, and sustaining notes and phrases. In recordings, her accompanist
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A history of the
Moravian seminary for young ladies: at Bethlehem, PA. / with a catalogue of its pupils, 1785–1870. By William C. Reichel and Wm. H. Bigler. With a sketch of the school from 1742–1785, by Bishop J. Mortimer Levering, and a continuation of history and catalogue to the year
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402:, after catching him giving her audience "a knowing smile" during a performance. She went to great lengths to control access to her private recitals, which took place at her apartment, in small clubs, and each October at the Verdi Club's annual "Ball of the Silver Skylarks" in the
450:'s Spanish waltz "Clavelitos" ("Little Carnations"); and songs composed by herself and McMoon. As in her tableaux, she complemented her performances with elaborate costumes of her own design, often involving wings, tinsel, and flowers. She would perform "Clavelitos" dressed as
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for a general-admission performance that took place on
October 25, 1944. Tickets for the event sold out weeks in advance; the demand was such that an estimated 2,000 people were turned away at the door of the 2,800-seat venue. Numerous celebrities attended, including Porter,
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On the other hand, Jenkins refused to open her performances to the general public, and was clearly aware of her detractors. "People may say I can't sing," she once remarked to a friend, "but no one can ever say I didn't sing." She dismissed her original accompanist,
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Grand Ballroom. Attendance, by personal invitation only, was restricted to her loyal clubwomen and a select few others. Jenkins handled distribution of the coveted tickets herself, carefully excluding strangers, particularly music critics. "There's no way she could
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The question of whether "Lady Florence"—as she liked to be called, and often signed her autographs—was in on the joke, or honestly believed she had vocal talent, remains a matter of debate. On the one hand, she compared herself favorably with renowned sopranos
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After an arm injury ended her aspirations as a pianist, Jenkins gave piano lessons in Philadelphia to support herself, but around 1900 she moved with her mother to New York City. In 1909, in her early forties, Jenkins met a 33-year-old British actor named
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Jenkins began giving private vocal recitals in 1912 when she was 44 years old. In 1917, she became founder and President Soprano Hostess of her own social organization, the Verdi Club. Its membership quickly swelled to over 400; honorary members included
423:, not a lunatic. She was a very proper, complex individual." As an anonymous obituary writer later put it, "Her ears, schooled in constant introversion, heard only the radiant tones which never issued forth to quell the mirth of her audiences."
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wrote that a Jenkins recital "was never exactly an aesthetic experience, or only to the degree that an early Christian among the lions provided aesthetic experience; it was chiefly immolatory, and Madame Jenkins was always eaten, in the end."
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critic. "In fact, she can sing everything except notes ... Much of her singing was hopelessly lacking in a semblance of pitch, but the further a note was from its proper elevation the more the audience laughed and applauded." The
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I carefully unfolded the two yellowed and now fragile clippings attached to my scrawled sheets, and suddenly it was as if I were back in that dark corner of the gloomy old Seymour Lounge, where Madame Jenkins had agreed to meet
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reach. Overjoyed, she refused to press charges against either involved party, and even sent the taxi driver a box of expensive cigars. McMoon said neither he "nor anyone else" ever heard her actually sing a high F, however.
202:, the daughter of Charles Dorrance Foster (1836–1909), an attorney and scion of a wealthy land-owning Pennsylvania family, and Mary Jane Hoagland Foster (1851–1930). Her only sibling, a younger sister named Lillian, died of
974:, the show's special guest, was asked a series of trivia questions about Jenkins, whom he nicknamed "Flo Fo". The broadcast took place in Carnegie Hall on the 65th anniversary of her performance there.
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music store, and died a month later on November 26, 1944, at her Manhattan residence, the Hotel Seymour. She was buried next to her father in the Foster mausoleum, Hollenback Cemetery,
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hymnals. Additionally at that time, she purchased books in mythology, elementary algebra, rhetoric, and history. Florence Foster did not graduate from the Bethlehem Female Seminary.
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Foster said her interest in public performance began when she was seven years old. A pianist, she performed at society functions as "Little Miss Foster", and gave a recital at the
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records (Melotone Recording Studio, New York City, 1941–1944), produced by Jenkins, at her expense, and sold to her friends at $ 2.50 a copy. The selections include four
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had to bang his cane into his foot in order not to laugh out loud when she sang. She was that bad." Nevertheless, Porter rarely missed a recital.
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1033:$ 2.50 was a considerable sum – equivalent to approximately $ 45 in 2019 – at a time when a typical phonograph record sold for 25 to 50 cents.
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and premiered in London on April 12, 2016, and in New York on August 12, 2016. Streep was widely praised for her portrayal, and received an
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281:. When Jenkins's mother died in 1930, additional financial resources became available for the expansion and promotion of her singing career.
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City society, joining dozens of social clubs. As the "chairman of music" for many of these organizations, she began producing lavish
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After graduating from high school, her hopes of studying music in Europe were dashed when her father refused permission and funding.
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943:'s 1994 short piece "Euterpe on a Fling" is a fictional interview with Jenkins that drew from facts known about her life and career.
550:. Nerve damage and other morbidities caused by the disease may have been compounded by toxic side effects—such as hearing loss—from
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Wallace, Irving; Amy Wallace; Sylvia Wallace; David Wallechinsky (eds.). "That's Entertainment? 6 Perfectly Wretched Performers".
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thought she was producing the same kind of an effect." "Florence didn't think she was pulling anyone's leg," said opera historian
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151:... No one, before or since, has succeeded in liberating themselves quite so completely from the shackles of musical notation."
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have known," said Schuman. "No one is that unaware ... she loved the audience reaction and she loved singing. But she knew."
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was even less charitable: "Lady Florence ... indulged last night in one of the weirdest mass jokes New York has ever seen."
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1499:. Moravian Church Archives, Bethlehem, Pa.: Records of the Female Seminary. 1879–1889. pp. January - March 1882.
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1024:, lists her first name as "Nascina", but according to all others, including the 1870 Federal Census, it is Narcissa.
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88985319622, 2016), remastered, same contents as previous RCA Victor CD but includes an interview with Cosmé McMoon
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894:, by Stephen Temperley, opened off-Broadway at the York Theatre in 2004 with Jack Lee as Cosme McMoon and
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Collup has announced plans to feature excerpts from her filmed performances in an upcoming documentary.
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who became known, and mocked, for her flamboyant performance costumes and notably poor singing ability.
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383:, were most likely written by her friends or herself. "I would say that she maybe didn't know ," said
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1513:. Moravian Church Archives, Bethlehem, PA: Records of the Female Seminary, Bethlehem, Pa. 1896–1899.
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2017:"Orchids, Tiaras, Minks, Ermines and Top Hats: My recent revelations about Florence Foster Jenkins"
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390:. "We can't hear ourselves as others hear us." Nerve damage due to syphilis and its treatment (see
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Garrett, Charles Hiroshi, ed. (2013). "Jenkins, Florence Foster (née Foster, Nascina Florence)".
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became generally available in the 1940s, Jenkins's disease had progressed to the tertiary stage.
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2473:"'Florence Foster Jenkins' Screenwriter, Co-Stars Praise Meryl Streep's Dedication, Commitment"
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1471:. Moravian Church Archives, Bethlehem, PA: Moravian Female Seminary. 1881. pp. Programme.
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audience to retrieve flowers, basket, and castanets so that she could sing the number again.
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Despite – or perhaps because of – her technical incompetence, she became a prominent musical
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as Best New Comedy, and has since been performed in more than 40 countries in 27 languages.
558:, the prevailing (and largely ineffective) remedies of the pre-antibiotic era. By the time
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787:, 2004) includes one Jenkins song, "Valse Caressante", plus a brief interview with McMoon.
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band Everyday Visuals, is "a salute to artists who stubbornly strive against long odds".
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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from her husband, she ended their relationship and reportedly never spoke of him again.
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1457:. Moravian Church Archives, Bethlehem, Pa.: Records of the Female Seminary. 1881–1882.
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1485:. Moravian Church Archives, Bethlehem, PA: Records of the Female Seminary. 1872–1896.
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The only professional audio recordings of Jenkins consist of nine selections on five
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1782:"Killing Me Sharply With Her Song: The Improbable Story Of Florence Foster Jenkins"
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1483:"Bill Books" S & T, with Accounts for Florence Foster September- November 1881
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854:, by Terry Sneed, premiered in 1994 at Wildwood Park for the Performing Arts in
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1656:"Mrs. Florence F. Jenkins. Founder of Verdi Club. Gave Recital Here on Oct. 25"
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Five days after the concert, Jenkins suffered a heart attack while shopping at
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Liner-notes from the RCA CD, photos, and an article on Jenkins by Daniel Dixon
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1988:
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Reichel, William Cornelius; Levering, J. Mortimer; Bigler, William C. (1901).
954:
937:, the character Chester Damsen is said to be based on Florence Foster Jenkins
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2506:
Florence Foster Jenkins: The Inspiring True Story of the World's Worst Singer
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Some of Jenkins's performance difficulties have been attributed to untreated
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2541:, a scrapbook kept for Jenkins and her husband, St. Clair Bayfield, in the
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The material has since been reissued in various combinations on four CDs:
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Musical Entertainment. Moravian Seminary for Young Ladies, Bethlehem, Pa
953:"Florence Foster Jenkins", a track on the 2009 self-titled album by the
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1372:. Moravian Church Archives, Bethlehem, Pa.: The Seminary. p. 602.
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At the age of 76, Jenkins finally yielded to public demand and booked
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Loyola University New Orleans Special Collections and Archives Online
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The Muse Surmounted: Florence Foster Jenkins and Eleven of Her Rivals
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Her recitals featured arias from the standard operatic repertoire by
769:, 2003) contains the eight selections from the 1992 RCA reissue of
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in 1954, and reissued on RCA Victor LM-2597, a 12-inch LP in 1962,
1108:"Celebrity fan club: the stars who loved the world's worst singer"
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1385:"Fort Worth man's film inspired Streep's Florence Foster Jenkins"
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2270:"15 Red Dead Redemption 2 Characters bases on real life people"
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for a while, but you'll hurt yourself if you do it for long."
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Florence Foster Jenkins & Friends: Murder on the High Cs
738:, 1992), a reissue of the 1962 RCA Victor album (including
634:: "The Musical Snuff-Box" (English version by Adele Epstein)
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1815:"How the world's worst singer made a career as a musician"
391:
1987:
Historic Films Stock Footage Archive (October 19, 2016),
1548:". (also appeared, but in slightly different format, in
2078:
Silent Revelations: The Films of Florence Foster Jenkins
746:
The Truly Unforgettable Voice of Florence Foster Jenkins
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Jenkins was the subject of the "Not My Job" segment of
394:) may have physically compromised her hearing as well.
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reportedly "regarded her with affection and respect".
2559:
178:, and other celebrities were counted among her fans.
135:; July 19, 1868 – November 26, 1944) was an American
742:) with the song "Serenata Mexicana" by McMoon added.
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Narcissa Florence Foster was born July 19, 1868, in
2547:
The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
2359:"NBC News Anchor Brian Williams Plays 'Not My Job'"
2209:"Maureen Lipman on soprano Florence Foster Jenkins"
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2421:"Florence Foster Jenkins London premiere April 12"
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983:was loosely inspired by Jenkins's life and career.
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111:Frank Thornton Jenkins (1852–1917, separated 1886)
2175:. London and New York: Bloomsbury Methuen Press.
1990:The Real Florence Foster Jenkins – The Lost Films
701:), Jenny Williams (soprano), Thomas Burns (piano)
652:: "Charmant oiseau" (with flute and piano), from
2486:, August 10, 2016, retrieved September 19, 2016.
850:, a play about Jenkins and the English novelist
891:Souvenir: a Fantasia on Florence Foster Jenkins
864:, a one-woman play by South African playwright
706:"Valentine's Aria" (Ere I leave my native land)
1928:Florence Foster Jenkins – (A) World of Her Own
1455:Class rosters of the Bethlehem Female Seminary
715:Final Trio (My heart is overcome with terror,
1150:. Via MaxBass.com. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
919:starring as Jenkins. It was nominated for an
665:: "Biassy" (based on the prelude from Bach's
303:"Der Hölle Rache" ("Queen of the Night" aria)
8:
2447:"London premiere of Florence Foster Jenkins"
2329:"Visuals: from high notes to heavy subjects"
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2150:Green, Jesse (2004), "Singing Badly Well",
2095:"Singing sensation Florence Foster Jenkins"
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1432:Florence Foster Jenkins: A World of Her Own
948:Florence Foster Jenkins: A World of Her Own
915:, opened in 2005 in London's West End with
267:Stephen Foster and the Angel of Inspiration
1954:
1906:
1894:
1622:"Florence Foster Jenkins: An Appreciation"
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1511:List of Alumnae, Bethlehem Female Seminary
147:ranked her "the world's worst opera singer
41:
30:
2624:20th-century American women opera singers
1917:
1915:
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1323:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
1262:Skrapits, Elizabeth (December 24, 2014).
1135:"Florence Foster Jenkins The Diva of Din"
684:(English version by Lorraine Noel Finley)
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676:Johann Strauss II: "Mein Herr Marquis" (
637:McMoon: "Like a Bird" (words by Jenkins)
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2219:from the original on September 24, 2016
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1124:. London. Retrieved September 20, 2016.
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603:(includes the non-Jenkins recording of
2659:People from Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
2240:"The triumph of a comforting illusion"
2122:"'Souvenir' squeals with diva delight"
1997:from the original on December 12, 2021
1874:. New York: Morrow. pp. 162–163.
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970:on October 25, 2009. NBC news anchor
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2674:Classical musicians from Pennsylvania
2449:. starwatchbyline.com. Archived from
2369:from the original on January 28, 2010
2339:from the original on October 25, 2012
2097:. CBC. August 8, 2008. Archived from
2058:from the original on October 31, 2016
2027:from the original on October 31, 2016
1689:"Ancestry of Florence Foster Jenkins"
1497:Accounts, Books Purchased by Students
1449:
1447:
667:Prelude and Fugue in G minor, BWV 861
609:by Jenny Williams and Thomas Burns).
530:Possible influence of health problems
7:
2427:from the original on August 28, 2016
2238:Charles Spencer (November 4, 2005).
1968:The Glory (????) of the Human Voice
1842:Washington, Glynn (August 1, 2014).
1719:, Anagramme Ed., 2012, pp. 140–141;
1244:from the original on August 13, 2016
1056:The Ultimate Book of Heroic Failures
162:during the 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s.
19:For the 2016 biographical film, see
2401:from the original on April 26, 2016
2120:Elysa Gardner (November 10, 2005).
1628:. Melotone Recording Studio. 1946.
1434:. DVD, Video Artists Int'l (2007).
1397:from the original on August 6, 2017
1209:from the original on April 16, 2020
995:in the title role, was directed by
728:The Glory (????) of the Human Voice
712:"Salut, demeure" (Emotions strange)
601:The Glory (????) of the Human Voice
357:Ira Siff, who dubbed her "the anti-
238:Florence Foster Jenkins resided at
2644:American child classical musicians
1755:from the original on July 26, 2018
1669:from the original on July 26, 2018
1632:from the original on July 16, 2018
1264:"Opera singer's family owned land"
1171:Salsburg, Nathan (June 14, 2017).
1095:American National Biography Online
773:plus "Valse Caressante" by McMoon.
14:
2250:from the original on June 5, 2011
2132:from the original on June 4, 2011
1780:Huizenga, Tom (August 10, 2016).
1544:Peters, Brooks (June 15, 2006). "
2629:American people of Welsh descent
2581:
2569:
2539:Florence Foster Jenkins ephemera
1742:"Florence F. Jenkins in Recital"
1289:Wepman, Dennis (February 2000).
1058:. Faber and Faber. p. 115.
804:
709:"Jewel Song" (O heavenly jewels)
334:Problems playing this file? See
307:
2327:Jonathan Perry (May 12, 2009).
2046:Collup, Donald (January 2016).
1813:Getlen, Larry (July 31, 2016).
1383:Lowry, Mark (August 10, 2016).
1173:"The Worst Singer in the World"
1133:Dixon, Daniel (December 1957).
250:; they began a vaguely defined
2679:Burials at Hollenback Cemetery
1001:Academy Award for Best Actress
194:Personal life and early career
1:
2389:"'Marguerite': Venice Review"
1798:. Retrieved October 25, 2016.
1703:. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
1320:The Grove Dictionary of Music
1098:. Retrieved October 18, 2016.
977:The 2015 French feature film
946:The biographical documentary
583:arias from operas by Mozart,
213:during the administration of
206:in 1883 at the age of eight.
2283:McCaffrey, Anne (May 1994).
2215:. London. November 3, 2005.
1860:. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
1307:. Retrieved August 17, 2024.
991:, a British biopic starring
16:American soprano (1868–1944)
2654:American outsider musicians
2619:19th-century American women
2156:, December 5, 2004, p. AR6.
1304:American National Biography
1280:. Retrieved March 28, 2015.
967:Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!
640:Delibes: "Bell Song", from
2695:
2287:The Girl Who Heard Dragons
1850:September 7, 2017, at the
1546:Florence, The Nightingale?
1297:November 12, 2016, at the
1291:"Jenkins, Florence Foster"
1088:November 12, 2016, at the
524:Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
200:Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
68:Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
18:
2669:Singers from Pennsylvania
1788:November 7, 2017, at the
1197:"Florence Foster Jenkins"
1082:"Florence Foster Jenkins"
882:, debuted in 2001 at the
813:This article needs to be
587:, Johann Strauss II, and
540:progressive deterioration
95:Amateur singer, socialite
40:
2649:Humor in classical music
2508:. St. Martin's Griffin.
2478:August 20, 2016, at the
2048:"Discovering a Survival"
1581:MacIntyre, F. Gwynplaine
1390:Fort Worth Star-Telegram
1022:Encyclopaedia Britannica
231:that she had contracted
133:Narcissa Florence Foster
54:Narcissa Florence Foster
2604:Florence Foster Jenkins
2530:Florence Foster Jenkins
1935:April 18, 2016, at the
1695:April 30, 2017, at the
1562:March 16, 2010, at the
1202:Encyclopædia Britannica
988:Florence Foster Jenkins
730:(RCA Victor Gold Seal,
622:Queen of the Night aria
263:Howard Chandler Christy
129:Florence Foster Jenkins
35:Florence Foster Jenkins
22:Florence Foster Jenkins
2394:The Hollywood Reporter
2291:. Tor Books. pp.
1955:Martin & Rees 2016
1907:Martin & Rees 2016
1895:Martin & Rees 2016
1524:Martin & Rees 2016
1270:April 2, 2015, at the
1114:April 4, 2018, at the
1054:Pile, Stephen (2011).
544:central nervous system
466:
296:
2453:on September 11, 2016
2397:. September 4, 2015.
1665:. November 27, 1944.
1240:. November 19, 1934.
1185:on February 18, 2021.
1141:July 5, 2003, at the
950:was released in 2007.
935:Red Dead Redemption 2
856:Little Rock, Arkansas
678:Adele's Laughing Song
465:
295:
2423:. simplystreep.com.
2365:. October 24, 2009.
2101:on February 18, 2021
1872:The Book of Lists #2
1844:"Queen of the Night"
1825:on October 17, 2017.
1751:. October 26, 1944.
1717:Jean-Pierre Thiollet
779:(Homophone Records,
595:LRT-7000, a 10-inch
404:Ritz-Carlton Hotel's
2634:American socialites
2244:The Daily Telegraph
1590:New York Daily News
1585:"Happy in her work"
1339:on February 8, 2016
1277:The Citizens' Voice
1121:The Daily Telegraph
380:The Musical Courier
215:Rutherford B. Hayes
86:New York City, U.S.
2664:RCA Victor artists
2500:Martin, Nicholas;
2484:Hollywood Reporter
2153:The New York Times
1748:The New York Times
1687:Otto, Julie Helen
1662:The New York Times
1597:on August 10, 2004
837:In popular culture
655:La perle du Brésil
494:with her husband,
484:Gian Carlo Menotti
467:
353:music." The opera
297:
248:St. Clair Bayfield
176:Sir Thomas Beecham
168:Gian Carlo Menotti
120:St. Clair Bayfield
2639:American sopranos
2515:978-1-250-11595-9
1881:978-0-2411-0433-0
1725:978 2 35035 333 3
1713:Piano ma non solo
1583:(June 23, 2004).
1526:, pp. 28–30.
1330:978-0-1953-1428-1
1065:978-0-571-27728-5
866:Charles J. Fourie
842:Stage productions
834:
833:
671:Alexander Pushkin
496:Andre Kostelanetz
317:Jenkins singing "
312:
126:
125:
100:Years active
79:November 26, 1944
2686:
2586:
2585:
2574:
2573:
2572:
2565:
2519:
2487:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2443:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2333:The Boston Globe
2324:
2318:
2317:
2311:
2309:
2290:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2189:on June 15, 2015
2185:. Archived from
2163:
2157:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2091:
2085:
2079:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2015:Collup, Donald.
2012:
2006:
2005:
2004:
2002:
1984:
1978:
1971:
1964:
1958:
1952:
1946:
1922:Nicholas, Jeremy
1919:
1910:
1904:
1898:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1867:
1861:
1840:
1827:
1826:
1821:. Archived from
1810:
1799:
1778:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1744:
1737:
1728:
1710:
1704:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1658:
1651:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1618:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1593:. Archived from
1577:
1566:
1542:
1527:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1451:
1442:
1428:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1362:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1338:
1333:. Archived from
1314:
1308:
1287:
1281:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1232:"Music. Dreamer"
1228:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1181:. Archived from
1178:Pacific Standard
1168:
1151:
1131:
1125:
1105:
1099:
1079:
1070:
1069:
1051:
1034:
1031:
1025:
1018:
884:Edinburgh Fringe
829:
826:
820:
808:
807:
800:
740:A Faust Travesty
693:A Faust Travesty
664:
606:A Faust Travesty
454:, complete with
417:Albert Innaurato
375:Luisa Tetrazzini
321:" from Mozart's
314:
313:
294:
279:Geraldine Farrar
258:tableaux vivants
187:William Meredith
150:
82:
63:
61:
45:
31:
2694:
2693:
2689:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2580:
2570:
2568:
2560:
2557:
2526:
2516:
2499:
2491:
2490:
2480:Wayback Machine
2470:
2466:
2456:
2454:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2430:
2428:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2404:
2402:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2372:
2370:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2342:
2340:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2253:
2251:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2222:
2220:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2192:
2190:
2183:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2149:
2145:
2135:
2133:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2104:
2102:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2061:
2059:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2030:
2028:
2014:
2013:
2009:
2000:
1998:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1953:
1949:
1937:Wayback Machine
1920:
1913:
1905:
1901:
1893:
1889:
1882:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1852:Wayback Machine
1841:
1830:
1812:
1811:
1802:
1790:Wayback Machine
1779:
1768:
1758:
1756:
1739:
1738:
1731:
1711:
1707:
1697:Wayback Machine
1686:
1682:
1672:
1670:
1653:
1652:
1645:
1635:
1633:
1620:
1619:
1610:
1600:
1598:
1579:
1578:
1569:
1564:Wayback Machine
1543:
1530:
1522:
1518:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1453:
1452:
1445:
1429:
1410:
1400:
1398:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1364:
1363:
1352:
1342:
1340:
1331:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1299:Wayback Machine
1288:
1284:
1272:Wayback Machine
1261:
1257:
1247:
1245:
1230:
1229:
1222:
1212:
1210:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1170:
1169:
1154:
1143:Wayback Machine
1132:
1128:
1116:Wayback Machine
1106:
1102:
1090:Wayback Machine
1080:
1073:
1066:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1028:
1020:One reference,
1019:
1015:
1010:
930:
872:, South Africa.
862:Goddess of Song
844:
839:
830:
824:
821:
818:
809:
805:
794:
695:(from Gounod's
626:The Magic Flute
573:
568:
538:, which causes
532:
341:
340:
332:
330:
329:
328:
327:
324:The Magic Flute
319:Der Hölle Rache
315:
308:
305:
298:
292:
287:
196:
158:cult-figure in
148:
87:
84:
80:
71:
65:
59:
57:
56:
55:
36:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2692:
2690:
2682:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2590:
2578:
2555:
2554:
2549:
2543:Music Division
2536:
2525:
2524:External links
2522:
2521:
2520:
2514:
2489:
2488:
2464:
2438:
2412:
2380:
2350:
2319:
2302:978-0312931735
2301:
2275:
2261:
2230:
2200:
2182:978-0413775405
2181:
2167:Quilter, Peter
2158:
2143:
2112:
2086:
2069:
2038:
2007:
1979:
1959:
1947:
1911:
1899:
1887:
1880:
1862:
1857:Snap Judgement
1828:
1800:
1766:
1729:
1705:
1680:
1643:
1608:
1567:
1528:
1516:
1502:
1488:
1474:
1460:
1443:
1408:
1375:
1350:
1329:
1309:
1282:
1255:
1220:
1188:
1152:
1126:
1100:
1071:
1064:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1026:
1012:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1004:
997:Stephen Frears
984:
975:
972:Brian Williams
964:radio program
958:
951:
944:
941:Anne McCaffrey
938:
929:
926:
925:
924:
917:Maureen Lipman
904:
887:
880:Chris Ballance
873:
859:
852:Ronald Firbank
843:
840:
838:
835:
832:
831:
825:September 2024
812:
810:
803:
793:
790:
789:
788:
774:
752:
743:
721:
720:
717:sung as a duet
713:
710:
707:
703:
702:
686:
685:
682:Die Fledermaus
674:
659:
647:
638:
635:
629:
617:
616:
589:FĂ©licien David
572:
569:
567:
564:
548:tertiary stage
531:
528:
488:Kitty Carlisle
480:Marge Champion
436:Johann Strauss
400:Edwin McArthur
331:
316:
306:
301:
300:
299:
290:
289:
288:
286:
283:
220:Musical Herald
195:
192:
124:
123:
117:
113:
112:
109:
105:
104:
101:
97:
96:
93:
89:
88:
85:
83:(aged 76)
77:
73:
72:
66:
53:
51:
47:
46:
38:
37:
34:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2691:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2577:
2567:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2517:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2498:
2497:
2496:
2495:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2474:
2471:Evans, Suzy,
2468:
2465:
2452:
2448:
2442:
2439:
2426:
2422:
2416:
2413:
2400:
2396:
2395:
2390:
2384:
2381:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2354:
2351:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2323:
2320:
2316:
2304:
2298:
2294:
2289:
2288:
2279:
2276:
2271:
2265:
2262:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2234:
2231:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2204:
2201:
2188:
2184:
2178:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2162:
2159:
2155:
2154:
2147:
2144:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2116:
2113:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2080:
2073:
2070:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2042:
2039:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2011:
2008:
1996:
1992:
1991:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1963:
1960:
1957:, p. 28.
1956:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1943:
1938:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1923:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1909:, p. 44.
1908:
1903:
1900:
1897:, p. 38.
1896:
1891:
1888:
1883:
1877:
1873:
1866:
1863:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1824:
1820:
1819:New York Post
1816:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1796:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1754:
1750:
1749:
1743:
1736:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1709:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1684:
1681:
1668:
1664:
1663:
1657:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1609:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1582:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1520:
1517:
1512:
1506:
1503:
1498:
1492:
1489:
1484:
1478:
1475:
1470:
1464:
1461:
1456:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1379:
1376:
1371:
1370:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1337:
1332:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1286:
1283:
1279:
1278:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1259:
1256:
1243:
1239:
1238:
1233:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1192:
1189:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1174:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1130:
1127:
1123:
1122:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1104:
1101:
1097:
1096:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1061:
1057:
1050:
1047:
1040:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1017:
1014:
1007:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
989:
985:
982:
981:
976:
973:
969:
968:
963:
959:
956:
952:
949:
945:
942:
939:
936:
932:
931:
927:
922:
921:Olivier Award
918:
914:
913:Peter Quilter
910:
909:
905:
902:
897:
893:
892:
888:
885:
881:
877:
874:
871:
867:
863:
860:
857:
853:
849:
846:
845:
841:
836:
828:
816:
811:
802:
801:
798:
791:
786:
782:
778:
775:
772:
768:
764:
760:
759:Naxos Records
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
741:
737:
733:
729:
726:
725:
724:
718:
714:
711:
708:
705:
704:
700:
699:
694:
691:
688:
687:
683:
679:
675:
673:, in Russian)
672:
668:
660:
657:
656:
651:
648:
645:
644:
639:
636:
633:
630:
627:
623:
619:
618:
615:
612:
611:
610:
608:
607:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
570:
565:
563:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
529:
527:
525:
521:
520:G. Schirmer's
516:
514:
513:
512:New York Post
507:
506:
499:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
476:
475:Carnegie Hall
471:
464:
460:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
424:
422:
421:compos mentis
418:
412:
410:
405:
401:
395:
393:
389:
388:Marilyn Horne
386:
385:mezzo-soprano
382:
381:
376:
372:
371:Frieda Hempel
366:
364:
360:
356:
350:
347:
339:
337:
326:
325:
320:
304:
284:
282:
280:
276:
275:Enrico Caruso
270:
268:
264:
260:
259:
253:
249:
243:
241:
236:
234:
228:
225:
222:
221:
216:
212:
207:
205:
201:
193:
191:
188:
183:
181:
180:Enrico Caruso
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
160:New York City
157:
152:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
121:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
92:Occupation(s)
90:
78:
74:
69:
64:July 19, 1868
52:
48:
44:
39:
32:
29:
25:
23:
2556:
2534:Find a Grave
2505:
2502:Rees, Jasper
2493:
2492:
2483:
2467:
2455:. Retrieved
2451:the original
2441:
2429:. Retrieved
2415:
2403:. Retrieved
2392:
2383:
2371:. Retrieved
2353:
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139:and amateur
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2614:1944 deaths
2609:1868 births
2373:January 28,
2343:January 28,
2308:October 29,
2254:January 28,
2223:January 23,
2136:January 28,
2105:January 28,
2062:October 30,
2031:October 30,
2001:October 30,
1430:Collup, D:
1003:nomination.
928:Other media
771:Glory(????)
669:, words by
658:(in French)
646:(in French)
419:. "She was
363:Cole Porter
240:The Newport
211:White House
164:Cole Porter
122:(1875–1967)
2598:Categories
2457:August 25,
2431:August 25,
2405:August 15,
2246:. London.
2052:collup.com
2021:collup.com
1942:Gramophone
1551:Opera News
1343:August 17,
1248:August 15,
1041:References
980:Marguerite
955:indie folk
593:RCA Victor
581:coloratura
566:Recordings
560:penicillin
355:impresario
336:media help
204:diphtheria
60:1868-07-19
2576:Biography
2126:USA Today
1926:"Review:
1701:wargs.com
1440:191749195
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908:Glorious!
896:Judy Kaye
870:Cape Town
767:873003955
736:968787814
663:Pavlovich
620:Mozart: "
492:Lily Pons
456:castanets
185:The poet
172:Lily Pons
137:socialite
103:1912–1944
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2476:Archived
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2248:Archived
2217:Archived
2193:June 13,
2172:Glorious
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2130:Archived
2056:Archived
2025:Archived
1995:archived
1933:Archived
1848:Archived
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1759:July 25,
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1673:July 25,
1667:Archived
1636:July 16,
1630:Archived
1560:Archived
1395:Archived
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1268:Archived
1242:Archived
1213:July 17,
1207:Archived
1139:Archived
1112:Archived
1086:Archived
785:58399998
624:", from
536:syphilis
448:Valverde
349:lyrics.
233:syphilis
2562:Portals
2494:Sources
2083:YouTube
1976:Discogs
1147:Coronet
815:updated
680:) from
632:Liadoff
585:Delibes
556:arsenic
552:mercury
546:in its
542:of the
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440:lieder
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428:Mozart
359:Callas
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108:Spouse
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2588:Opera
2295:–89.
1008:Notes
962:NPR's
911:, by
901:badly
878:, by
698:Faust
661:Bach/
650:David
643:Lakmé
571:Audio
432:Verdi
392:below
2510:ISBN
2459:2016
2433:2016
2407:2016
2375:2010
2345:2010
2310:2017
2297:ISBN
2256:2010
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2195:2015
2177:ISBN
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2107:2010
2064:2016
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2003:2016
1876:ISBN
1761:2018
1721:ISBN
1675:2018
1638:2018
1603:2008
1436:OCLC
1403:2016
1369:1900
1345:2024
1325:ISBN
1250:2016
1237:Time
1215:2019
1060:ISBN
792:Film
781:OCLC
763:OCLC
732:OCLC
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277:and
156:camp
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