311:, who had been beaten badly by the rioters. Two Freedom Riders and a reporter carried Zwerg, who appeared to be dying, to a taxicab. The white driver refused to drive Zwerg to the hospital. A deputy sheriff arrived to read the injunction to Zwerg and the two other Freedom Riders. An African-American taxi driver agreed to take them to a doctor, but the police would not allow Zwerg to go, insisting that he would have to wait until a white ambulance arrived, which was impossible, as Sullivan had arranged for all the white ambulances to be in the repair shop on that day. Mann ordered one of his patrolmen to drive Zwerg to a hospital. He was hospitalized, but survived his injuries.
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stationed highway patrolmen a few blocks away. When Mann arrived on the loading dock a few minutes into the riot, he was forced to act alone amid the chaos. A young black man, William Barbee, was knocked to the pavement, then struck repeatedly with a heavy club, with the mob shouting, "Kill him! Kill him!". Mann intervened by drawing his pistol and ordering the attackers back, threatening to shoot if they did not. Firing warning shots, he intervened on behalf of the
Freedom Riders being beaten on the loading platform, and managed to ward off some of the attackers. Mann also saved the life of
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usually find it...You just can't guarantee the safety of a fool and that's what these folks are, just fools." When asked about Connor, Mann said: "He was in charge, Bull Connor was in charge of the police department in
Birmingham at that point in time. He was police commissioner... his comment was that it was just absolutely ridiculous for those people to be in Alabama doing what they were doing".
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283:. The pair made plans to bring the Ride to an end in Alabama. When the bus arrived in Birmingham, it was attacked by a mob of Ku Klux Klan members, assisted by the police under the orders of Commissioner Connor. As the riders exited the bus, the mob beat them with baseball bats, iron pipes and bicycle chains. Among the Klansmen attacking the riders was
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National
Academy Graduates. In 1988, Mann was one of the first inductees in the Alabama Peace Officers Hall of Fame. At the induction ceremony, his superiors remarked “Floyd Mann knew what was going on.” At the time of his death, he was the executive director of the state Fraternal Order of Police, where he had served since 1988.
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Mann offered to protect the riders if he was given the proper resources, with the understanding that the state and city police of
Alabama would offer assistance. Kennedy sent a representative to talk to Patterson, who had his entire cabinet attend the meeting. Patterson based his repeated refusal to
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Connor claimed that he had posted no officers at the bus depot because of the holiday; however, it was later discovered that the FBI knew of the planned attack and that the city police stayed away on purpose. Patterson did not apologize, commenting, "When you go somewhere looking for trouble, you
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L. B. Sullivan, an elected city commissioner whose roles included supervision of the city police, had taken responsibility for the
Freedom Riders' safety on the last leg of their escorted trip. Mann had been suspicious of Sullivan's assurances, but he had no authority within the city limits. He
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cadet program in 1959, which trained recruits aged 18 to 22 for a future career as an
Alabama highway patrol officer. In 1947, he attended the FBI's National Academy, a six-month intensive police training program in Virginia, and later served as the president of the Alabama chapter of the FBI
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arrived to take charge. Their primary concern was not to stop the riot or arrest
Klansmen, but to read Judge Jones' injunction to the nearly unconscious Freedom Riders. At that point, Mann called for his state troopers whom he had stationed several blocks away, and they restored order at the
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Sullivan's police arrived 10 minutes into the riot, but initially took no action to halt the beatings. Hearing that Mann was on the loading platform, Sullivan rushed to the scene and tried to assert his authority over Mann, before Judge Walter B. Jones and State
Attorney General
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protect the nonviolent demonstrators from the Klan on his argument that such protection was impossible to provide, and well beyond the capabilities of local or state law enforcement.
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MONTGOMERY, Ala., May 19 — Circuit Judge Walter B. Jones issued an injunction today forbidding "freedom riders" from testing bus segregation in
Alabama.
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After the end of
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124:(August 20, 1920 - January 12, 1996) was an American law enforcement official, who served as Director of the
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who called the Freedom Riders "fools" and "agitators" for whom he did not want to "play nursemaid".
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and others who were attacking them at their Alabama stops. Patterson was a committed
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entered the state seeking an end to segregation. As governor Patterson was resisting
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539:"Judge Issues Writ; Alabama Judge Bars Attempts At 'Freedom Rides' in the State"
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administration as chief administrator of the Alcoholic Beverage Control Board.
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Mann was the Director of Public Safety for Alabama in 1961, when the nonviolent
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required more than 50 stitches to the wounds in his head. Peck was taken to
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https://www.amazon.com/When-Heaven-Earth-Collide-Evangelicals/dp/1603063501
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Sergeant Tom Cook (an avid Ku Klux Klan supporter) and police commissioner
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between 1959 and 1963. He is best known for his interactions with the
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After his military service he served as a security officer at
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362:'s man of the year in Alabama for 1961. Mann established the
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Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)
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203:. During this time he developed a close relationship with
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From 1950 until 1958, he served as the chief of police of
260:'s demands that the Freedom Riders be protected from the
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Freedom Riders: 1961 and the Struggle for Racial Justice
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United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
429:"Civil Rights Movement 1955-1965: Freedom Rides"
409:"Civil Rights Movement 1955-1965: Freedom Rides"
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358:Among his awards and honors, Mann was named
152:, in 1920. After schooling in Davidson and
349:Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
132:who passed through Alabama in May 1961.
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603:People from Tallapoosa County, Alabama
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239:documentary in which he discusses the
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567:"Alabama Department of Public Safety"
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343:When University of Alabama president
275:Violence in Alabama was organized by
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468:Arsenault, Raymond (11 March 2011).
47:adding citations to reliable sources
449:"Interview with Colonel Floyd Mann"
340:as special assistant for security.
211:, appointed by Governor Patterson.
209:Alabama Department of Public Safety
126:Alabama Department of Public Safety
16:American soldier and police officer
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297:Carraway Methodist Medical Center
613:20th-century Alabama politicians
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160:, serving as a tail gunner on a
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34:needs additional citations for
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158:United States Army Air Corps
474:. Oxford University Press.
233:“Interview with Floyd Mann”
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514:"The Road to Civil Rights"
360:United Press International
235:conducted in 1985 for the
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180:Career in law enforcement
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154:Alexander City, Alabama
364:Alabama Highway Patrol
338:University of Alabama
255:U.S. Attorney General
512:Weingroff, Richard.
43:improve this article
330:Trenton, New Jersey
543:The New York Times
156:, Mann joined the
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347:was appointed as
317:MacDonald Gallion
277:Birmingham Police
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237:Eyes on the Prize
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58:"Floyd Mann"
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41:Please help
36:verification
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598:1995 deaths
593:1920 births
334:Kansas City
309:James Zwerg
281:Bull Connor
243:in Alabama.
201:Phenix City
587:Categories
572:2011-04-10
524:2011-04-09
454:2011-04-10
434:2011-04-09
414:2011-04-09
393:2011-04-09
371:References
324:Later life
320:terminal.
293:James Peck
287:informant
170:Fort Worth
136:Early life
122:Floyd Mann
69:newspapers
353:Fob James
142:Daviston
548:3 April
197:Opelika
190:Gadsden
150:Alabama
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174:Texas
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