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began in 1996, when Nick Foster and
Dimitris Metaxas implemented solutions to 3D Navier-Stokes equations in a computer graphics context, basing their work on a scientific CFD paper by Harlow and Welch from 1965. Up to that point, a variety of simpler methods had primarily been used, including ad-hoc
52:
techniques for generating realistic animations of fluids such as water and smoke. Fluid animations are typically focused on emulating the qualitative visual behavior of a fluid, with less emphasis placed on rigorously correct physical results, although they often still rely on approximate solutions
106:
advection technique and implicit integration of viscosity to provide unconditionally stable behaviour. This allowed for much larger time steps and therefore faster simulations. This general technique was extended by Ronald Fedkiw and co-authors to handle more realistic smoke and fire, as well as
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that govern real fluid physics. Fluid animation can be performed with different levels of complexity, ranging from time-consuming, high-quality animations for films, or visual effects, to simple and fast animations for
247:
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is a standalone commercial package that has been used to produce visual effects in movies, television shows, commercials, and games. RealFlow implements a fluid-implicit particle (FLIP; an extension of the
78:(CFD) in that fluid animation is used primarily for visual effects, whereas computational fluid dynamics is used to study the behavior of fluids in a scientifically rigorous way.
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for animating fluids until the integration of the open-source mantaflow project in 2020 with a wide range of Navier-Stokes solver variants.
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Enright, Douglas; Marschner, Stephen; Fedkiw, Ronald (2002-01-01). "Animation and rendering of complex water surfaces".
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Nguyen, Duc Quang; Fedkiw, Ronald; Jensen, Henrik Wann (2002-01-01). "Physically based modeling and animation of fire".
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particle systems, lower dimensional techniques such as height fields, and semi-random turbulent noise fields.
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Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on
Computer graphics and interactive techniques - SIGGRAPH '99
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Reeves, W. T. (1983-04-01). "Particle
Systems—a Technique for Modeling a Class of Fuzzy Objects".
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Kass, Michael; Miller, Gavin (1990-01-01). "Rapid, stable fluid dynamics for computer graphics".
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341:"Numerical Calculation of Time-Dependent Viscous Incompressible Flow of Fluid with Free Surface"
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Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on
Computer graphics and interactive techniques
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Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on
Computer graphics and interactive techniques
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Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on
Computer graphics and interactive techniques
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Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on
Computer graphics and interactive techniques
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Proceedings of the 20th annual conference on
Computer graphics and interactive techniques
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Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on
Computer graphics and interactive techniques
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are two other commercial 3D computer graphics programs that allow for fluid animation.
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Stam, Jos; Fiume, Eugene (1993-01-01). "Turbulent wind fields for gaseous phenomena".
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30:"Fluid Simulation" redirects here. For computer simulations of fluid dynamics, see
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Foster, Nick; Metaxas, Dimitri (1996-09-01). "Realistic
Animation of Liquids".
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In 1999, Jos Stam published the "Stable Fluids" method, which exploited a
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Computer graphics techniques for generating realistic animations of fluids
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Many 3D computer graphics programs implement fluid animation techniques.
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Some notable academic researchers in this area include Jerry Tessendorf,
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525:. New York: ACM Press/Addison-Wesley Publishing Co. pp. 121–128.
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Mastin, Gary A.; Watterberg, Peter A.; Mareda, John F. (March 1987).
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Fedkiw, Ronald; Stam, Jos; Jensen, Henrik Wann (2001-01-01).
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An example of a liquid animation generated through simulation
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3D computer graphics program that utilized a particle-based
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The development of fluid animation techniques based on the
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802:"Reference/Release Notes/2.82 - Blender Developer Wiki"
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107:complex 3D water simulations using variants of the
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Simulation of two fluids with different viscosities
339:Harlow, Francis H.; Welch, J. Eddie (1965-12-01).
725:. SIGGRAPH '02. New York: ACM. pp. 736–744.
670:. SIGGRAPH '01. New York, NY, USA: ACM. pp.
625:. SIGGRAPH '02. New York: ACM. pp. 721–728.
484:. SIGGRAPH '93. New York: ACM. pp. 369–376.
443:. SIGGRAPH '90. New York: ACM. pp. 49–57.
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8:
773:"Doc:2.4/Manual/Physics/Fluid - BlenderWiki"
70:Relationship to computational fluid dynamics
662:Foster, Nick; Fedkiw, Ronald (2001-01-01).
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155:that allows for advanced features such as
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521:Stam, Jos (1999-01-01). "Stable fluids".
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570:. SIGGRAPH '01. New York: ACM. pp.
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255:IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
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232:Fluid Simulation for Computer Graphics
304:Graphical Models and Image Processing
151:method) solver, a hybrid grid, and a
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1278:List of computer graphics algorithms
839:Berkeley Computer Animation Homepage
248:"Fourier Synthesis of Ocean Scenes"
25:
664:"Practical animation of liquids"
66:animations like computer games.
1:
1235:3D computer graphics software
74:Fluid animation differs from
1304:Computational fluid dynamics
1050:Hidden-surface determination
564:"Visual simulation of smoke"
76:computational fluid dynamics
32:computational fluid dynamics
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235:(2nd ed.). CRC Press.
210:Physically based animation
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183:Lattice Boltzmann method
1262:Vector graphics editors
1257:Raster graphics editors
267:10.1109/MCG.1987.276961
96:Navier–Stokes equations
59:Navier–Stokes equations
1145:Checkerboard rendering
326:10.1006/gmip.1996.0039
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1100:Affine transformation
1079:Surface triangulation
1023:Anisotropic filtering
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410:10.1145/357318.357320
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1299:3D computer graphics
1115:Collision detection
1043:Global illumination
449:10.1145/97879.97884
357:1965PhFl....8.2182H
1165:Scanline rendering
959:Parallax scrolling
949:Isometric graphics
844:2007-10-13 at the
130:, Ken Museth, and
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882:Computer graphics
829:RealFlow Homepage
365:10.1063/1.1761178
351:(12): 2182–2189.
345:Physics of Fluids
229:Bridson, Robert.
50:computer graphics
16:(Redirected from
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809:. Retrieved
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785:. Retrieved
781:the original
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1002:Image-based
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913:2D graphics
179:open-source
82:Development
1293:Categories
1271:Algorithms
1125:Reflection
811:2020-06-10
787:2016-11-04
288:2014-08-31
216:References
120:Ron Fedkiw
48:refers to
1250:rendering
1240:animation
1130:Rendering
727:CiteSeerX
676:CiteSeerX
576:CiteSeerX
549:207555779
418:0730-0301
396:CiteSeerX
373:0031-9171
312:CiteSeerX
124:Greg Turk
64:real-time
1245:modeling
1172:Rotation
1110:Clipping
1093:Concepts
1072:Deferred
1038:Lighting
1018:Aliasing
1012:Unbiased
1007:Spectral
842:Archived
467:12925789
195:RealFlow
189:See also
144:RealFlow
138:Software
132:Jos Stam
1177:Scaling
1067:Shading
759:1233095
708:8782248
608:7000291
508:1618202
353:Bibcode
275:1330805
205:Houdini
175:Blender
169:Houdini
53:to the
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282:(PDF)
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161:spray
941:2.5D
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414:ISSN
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200:Maya
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
