615:
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in circulation was scarce and when
Chinese merchants would travel to the capital city, the merchants would entrust their money to the representative offices of their local governments, to the various armies of the Tang dynasty, government commissioners, and local rich families. The merchants did this
71:
Originally the government of the Tang dynasty was less than receptive to the idea of bills of exchange and had attempted banning them on multiple occasions, but in 812 flying cash were officially accepted as a valid means of exchange. After the government had accepted these bills the supervision of
62:
which proved to be a hindrance for daily business transactions in the Tang dynasty. The creation of the flying cash happened after a tax reform that allowed for the partial acceptance of taxes in money, which had increased the demand for currency which scared the government that merchants would
67:
which hampered long-distance trade in the Tang dynasty and harmed the national economy. The people that had the largest benefit from the introduction of flying cash were tea merchants and these merchants helped improve the trade between the capital and the regions.
162:
occupation that paper money was officially established as a legal tender. Eventually, the Song
Dynasty began to issue more notes to pay its bills- a practice that ultimately contributed to runaway inflation.
359:- Department of Finance and Statistical Analysis; National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER); European Corporate Governance Institute; Asian Bureau of Finance and Economic Research) & Fan Yang (
437:
Zhou Fazeng (周發增), Chen
Longtao (陳隆濤), Qi Jixiang (齊吉祥), ed. (1998). Zhongguo gudai zhengzhi zhidu shi cidian (中國古代政治制度史辭典) (Beijing: Shoudu shifan daxue chubanshe), 362. (in Chinese)
41:
invented by merchants but adopted by the state. Its name came from their ability to transfer cash across vast distances without physically transporting it. It is a precursor to true
875:
431:
Kang
Guohong (康國宏) (1997). "Feiqian (飛錢)", in Men Kui (門巋), Zhang Yanqin (張燕瑾), ed. Zhonghua guocui da cidian (中華國粹大辭典) (Xianggang: Guoji wenhua chuban gongsi), 104. (in Chinese)
389:
63:
remove cash coins from the capital to circulate so they ordered the local governments to set up monetary systems based on silk, other fabrics, and daily items akin to
1332:
692:
125:
to lighten their traveling burdens as they would hurry away in all directions. When the tallies were matched at a local office, they could withdraw their money.
462:
773:
614:
868:
434:
Yao Enquan (姚恩權) (1993). "Feiqian (飛錢)", in Shi
Quanchang 石泉長, ed. Zhonghua baike yaolan (中華百科要覽) (Shenyang: Liaoning renmin chubanshe), 85. (in Chinese)
217:
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and, therefore, their circulation was limited. However, since they could be exchanged for hard currency at the capital with an exchange fee of 100
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100:, the local governments didn't produce the salt themselves but taxed it. In the year 758 the government official
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80:. The state began printing their own notes. Flying cash would remain in use until the early period of the
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had convinced the imperial government to actively enforce its salt monopoly again. This was known as the
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939:
356:
323:
2000 ff. © Ulrich
Theobald - ChinaKnowledge.de - An Encyclopaedia on Chinese History, Literature and Art
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was controlled by local governments as opposed to the imperial government, this system was known as the
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147:, they were traded amongst merchants as if they were currency. Flying cash continued to be used in the
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directly as opposed to transporting government provisions to them. During the reign of the
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246:(2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. pp. 51–52.
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Chinese merchants were paid in salt certificates in exchange for supplying the
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271:(Bilingual ed.). Beijing: The China Finance Publishing House. p. 3.
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A Compilation of
Pictures of Chinese Ancient Paper Money
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Inner
Mongolian Numismatic Research Institute (1992).
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Flying cash was never originally meant to be used as
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388:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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407:. W.W. Norton & Company. p. 352.
902:List of Chinese cash coins by inscription
599:Banknotes of the Ta-Ching Government Bank
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213:Economic history of China (Pre-1911)
92:Between the years 618 and 758 the
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1187:Manufacturing and casting process
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319:"feiqian 飛錢, bills of exchange."
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76:, the Tax Bureau (度支司), and the
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965:Jin dynasty coinage (1115–1234)
584:Paper money of the Qing dynasty
72:flying cash was handled by the
1388:Special administrative regions
24:
1:
1265:Charms and amulets (Yansheng)
955:Southern Song dynasty coinage
1045:Yuan of the Red Army Command
405:Worlds Together Worlds Apart
1456:Economy of the Tang dynasty
897:History of Chinese currency
403:Pollard, Elizabeth (2015).
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845:List of Chinese inventions
361:University of Saskatchewan
78:Salt Monopoly Bureau (鹽錢司)
45:which appeared during the
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1013:Historical money of Tibet
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244:Money and Credit in China
242:Yang, Lien-sheng (1971).
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74:Ministry of Revenue (戶部)
917:By period (before 1912)
907:Ancient Chinese coinage
829:Triple Stimulus Voucher
33:, was a type of paper
940:Southern Tang coinage
357:University of Alberta
154:It was not until the
94:Chinese salt monopoly
35:negotiable instrument
1275:Vault protector coin
987:Qing dynasty coinage
982:Ming dynasty coinage
977:Yuan dynasty coinage
945:Liao dynasty coinage
925:Zhou dynasty coinage
824:ROC consumer voucher
37:used during China's
1451:Medieval currencies
1436:Currencies of China
1258:Historical exonumia
960:Western Xia coinage
935:Xin dynasty coinage
930:Han dynasty coinage
884:Currencies of China
363:) (12 April 2010).
629:Privately produced
365:"The Shanxi Banks"
294:"New Book of Tang"
195:Numismatics portal
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1321:Chinese gold yuan
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1006:Other territories
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685:New Taiwan dollar
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414:978-0-393-92207-3
60:copper cash coins
52:According to the
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325:. 10 May 2016
324:
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298:Chinese Notes
295:
292:Ouyang, Xiu.
288:
285:
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278:7-5049-0861-4
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253:0-674-58300-0
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208:Fiat currency
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1441:Tang dynasty
1285:Bamboo tally
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1063:Cowrie shell
772:
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738:
731:
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576:Qing dynasty
558:Ming dynasty
508:Song dynasty
497:
490:Tang dynasty
404:
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372:. Retrieved
369:Academia.edu
327:. Retrieved
322:
313:
301:. Retrieved
297:
287:
268:
262:
243:
237:
181:Money portal
156:Song dynasty
153:
144:
138:
135:legal tender
132:
110:Zhece policy
109:
108:. Under the
106:Zhece policy
105:
97:
91:
82:Song dynasty
70:
53:
51:
47:Song dynasty
39:Tang dynasty
29:
28:
16:
15:
1210:Near modern
1194:Mother coin
1138:Flying cash
1088:Spade money
1078:Knife money
498:Flying cash
474:paper money
17:Flying cash
1430:Categories
1413:See also:
1270:Horse coin
1225:Candareen
1106:Cash coins
843:See also:
803:Joss paper
693:5th series
636:Zhuangpiao
374:31 October
329:6 February
229:References
122:cash coins
1446:Banknotes
1116:Ban Liang
1083:Ying Yuan
813:Taiwanese
143:per 1000
43:banknotes
1344:Renminbi
1158:Jiaochao
1098:Imperial
1068:Tong Bei
1038:Hongqian
997:Shengbao
890:Overview
795:Exonumia
646:Renminbi
548:Jiaochao
384:cite web
167:See also
1378:Digital
1243:(liǎng)
1111:Strings
1055:Ancient
472:Chinese
426:Sources
303:31 July
102:Liu Yan
30:Feipiao
21:Chinese
1346:series
1235:(qián)
1148:Guanzi
1143:Jiaozi
1121:Wu Zhu
785:$ 1000
648:series
521:Guanzi
516:Jiaozi
411:
275:
250:
203:Hawala
88:Origin
65:barter
27:), or
23::
1290:Token
1241:Tael
1233:Mace
1227:(fēn)
1219:(wén)
1217:Cash
1153:Huizi
1133:Sycee
780:$ 500
774:$ 150
768:$ 100
526:Huizi
1312:Fabi
1249:Yuan
763:$ 50
757:$ 25
751:$ 20
746:$ 10
538:and
409:ISBN
390:link
376:2019
331:2018
305:2019
273:ISBN
248:ISBN
1373:5th
1368:4th
1363:3rd
1358:2nd
1353:1st
1333:5th
740:$ 5
733:$ 1
726:10¢
675:5th
670:4th
665:3rd
660:2nd
655:1st
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