432:
31:
361:
1087:, and not with a patented potato peeler". Breazeale advocated simplicity over dishwashing machines "that would have done credit to a moderate sized hotel", and noted that the most useful kitchen utensils were "the simple little inexpensive conveniences that work themselves into every day use", giving examples, of utensils that were simple and cheap but indispensable once obtained and used, of a stiff brush for cleaning saucepans, a sink strainer to prevent drains from clogging, and an ordinary wooden spoon.
396:
319:, which is poisonous. Thompson noted that as a consequence of this the use of such glazed earthenware was prohibited by law in some countries from use in cooking, or even from use for storing acidic foods. Van Rensselaer proposed in 1919 that one test for lead content in earthenware was to let a beaten egg stand in the utensil for a few minutes and watch to see whether it became discoloured, which is a sign that lead might be present.
206:
346:"is without doubt the best material for kitchen utensils", noting that it is "as far superior to enamelled ware as enamelled ware is to the old-time iron or tin". He qualified his recommendation for replacing worn-out tin or enamelled utensils with aluminium ones by noting that "old-fashioned black iron frying pans and muffin rings, polished on the inside or worn smooth by long usage, are, however, superior to aluminium ones".
282:. For some iron kitchen utensils, water is a particular problem, since it is very difficult to dry them fully. In particular, iron egg-beaters or ice cream freezers are tricky to dry, and the consequent rust if left wet will roughen them and possibly clog them completely. When storing iron utensils for long periods, van Rensselaer recommended coating them in non-salted (since salt is also an ionic compound) fat or paraffin.
2739:
50:
1122:
357:, and the fact that its corrosion products are white and so (unlike the dark corrosion products of, say, iron) do not discolour food that they happen to be mixed into during cooking. However, its disadvantages are that it is easily discoloured, can be dissolved by acidic foods (to a comparatively small extent), and reacts to alkaline soaps if they are used for cleaning a utensil.
537:
1108:
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operated to raise expectations of what families would eat. So while food was easier to prepare and to cook, ordinary householders at the same time were expected to prepare and to cook more complex and harder-to-prepare meals on a regular basis. The labour-saving effect of the tools was cancelled out
1090:
The "labour-saving" devices did not necessarily save labour, either. While the advent of mass-produced standardized measuring instruments permitted even householders with little to no cooking skills to follow recipes and end up with the desired result and the advent of many utensils enabled "modern"
625:
The following list, supplied by Messrs
Richard & John Slack, 336, Strand, will show the articles required for the kitchen of a family in the middle class of life, although it does not contain all the things that may be deemed necessary for some families, and may contain more than are required for
527:
in the second half of the 19th century, John North is recorded as having himself made "a real nice rolling pin, and a pudding stick" for his wife; one soldier is recorded as having a Civil War bayonet refashioned, by a blacksmith, into a bread knife; whereas an immigrant
Swedish family is recorded as
522:
in the 14th century, in particular the records of possessions given in the coroner's rolls. Very few such people owned any kitchen utensils at all. In fact only seven convicted felons are recorded as having any. One such, a murderer from 1339, is recorded as possessing only the one kitchen utensil:
297:
finds many applications in the manufacture of kitchen utensils. Stainless steel is considerably less likely to rust in contact with water or food products, and so reduces the effort required to maintain utensils in clean useful condition. Cutting tools made with stainless steel maintain a usable edge
123:
used for food preparation. Common kitchen tasks include cutting food items to size, heating food on an open fire or on a stove, baking, grinding, mixing, blending, and measuring; different utensils are made for each task. A general purpose utensil such as a chef's knife may be used for a variety of
329:
Earthenware, porcelain, and pottery utensils can be used for both cooking and serving food, and so thereby save on washing-up of two separate sets of utensils. They are durable, and (van
Rensselaer notes) "excellent for slow, even cooking in even heat, such as slow baking". However, they are
413:
allow ingredient levels to be easily visible, and are lighter and less fragile than glass measuring cups. Plastic handles added to utensils improve comfort and grip. While many plastics deform or decompose if heated, a few silicone products can be used in boiling water or in an oven for food
1082:
However, many of these utensils were expensive and not affordable by the majority of householders. Some people considered them unnecessary, too. James Frank
Breazeale decried the explosion in patented "labour-saving" devices for the modern kitchen—promoted in exhibitions and advertised in
285:
Iron utensils have little problem with high cooking temperatures, are simple to clean as they become smooth with long use, are durable and comparatively strong (i.e. not as prone to breaking as, say, earthenware), and hold heat well. However, as noted, they rust comparatively easily.
1061:
Parloa, in her 1880 cookbook, took two pages to list all of the essential kitchen utensils for a well-furnished kitchen, a list running to 93 distinct sorts of item. The 1882 edition ran to 20 pages illustrating and describing the various utensils for a well-furnished kitchen.
626:
others. As Messrs Slack themselves, however, publish a useful illustrated catalogue, which may be had at their establishment gratis, and which it will be found advantageous to consult by those about to furnish, it supersedes the necessity of our enlarging that which we give:
582:; a tin coffee-pot for boiling coffee, or a filter — either being equally good; a tin canister to keep roasted and ground coffee in; a canister for tea; a covered tin box for bread; one likewise for cake, or a drawer in your store-closet, lined with zinc or tin; a
422:
Heat-resistant glass utensils can be used for baking or other cooking. Glass does not conduct heat as well as metal, and has the drawback of breaking easily if dropped. Transparent glass measuring cups allow ready measurement of liquid and dry ingredients.
326:, enamelware utensils require careful handling, as careful as for glassware, because they are prone to chipping. But enamel utensils are not affected by acidic foods, are durable, and are easily cleaned. However, they cannot be used with strong alkalis.
557:
A growth in the range of kitchen utensils available can be traced through the growth in the range of utensils recommended to the aspiring householder in cookbooks as the century progressed. Earlier in the century, in 1828, Frances
Byerley Parkes
219:
noted at the start of the 19th century that kitchen utensils were commonly made of copper, with various efforts made to prevent the copper from reacting with food (particularly its acidic contents) at the temperatures used for cooking, including
236:
noted that kitchen utensils were made of (tinned or enamelled) iron and steel, copper, nickel, silver, tin, clay, earthenware, and aluminium. The latter, aluminium, became a popular material for kitchen utensils in the 20th century.
590:; — the yellow ware is much the stringest, or tin pans of different sizes are economical; — a stout tin pan for mixing bread; a large earthen bowl for beating cake; a stone jug for yeast; a stone jar for soup stock; a meat-saw; a
544:
The 19th century, particularly in the United States, saw an explosion in the number of kitchen utensils available on the market, with many labour-saving devices being invented and patented throughout the century. Maria Parloa's
132:. Some specialized utensils are used when an operation is to be repeated many times, or when the cook has limited dexterity or mobility. The number of utensils in a household kitchen varies with time and the style of cooking.
256:
compounds, and are not suitable for acidic foods. Copper pots are lined with tin to prevent discoloration or altering the taste of food. The tin lining must be periodically restored, and protected from overheating.
553:
of 139 kitchen utensils without which a contemporary kitchen would not be considered properly furnished. Parloa wrote that "the homemaker will find [that] there is continually something new to be bought".
464:, "our knowledge is very limited; but as the art of living, in every civilized country, is pretty much the same, the instruments for cooking must, in a great degree, bear a striking resemblance to one another".
252:
and copper utensils are both durable and attractive in appearance. However, they are also comparatively heavier than utensils made of other materials, require scrupulous cleaning to remove poisonous
197:, utensils (both kitchen and dining) made of glass; and so forth. These latter categorizations include utensils—made of glass, silver, clay, and so forth—that are not necessarily kitchen utensils.
181:
Other names used for various types of kitchen utensils, although not strictly denoting a utensil that is specific to the kitchen, are according to the materials they are made of, again using the "
1985:
Domestic Duties; or, Instructions to Young
Married Ladies on the Management of their Household, and the Regulations of their conduct in the various Relations and Duties of Married Life
528:
having brought with them "solid silver knives, forks, and spoons [...] Quantities of copper and brass utensils burnished until they were like mirrors hung in rows".
467:
Archaeologists and historians have studied the kitchen utensils used in centuries past. For example: In the Middle
Eastern villages and towns of the middle first millennium
1678:
Schwartz, Joshua J. (2006). "The
Material Realities of Jewish Life in the Land of Israel c. 235–638". In Davies, William David; Katz, Steven T.; Finkelstein, Louis (eds.).
385:
Aluminium and aluminium alloys — Wrought products — Chemical composition of semi-finished products used for the fabrication of articles for use in contact with foodstuffs
1083:"Household Guides" at the start of the 20th century—, saying that "the best way for the housewife to peel a potato, for example, is in the old-fashioned way, with a
349:
Aluminium's advantages over other materials for kitchen utensils is its good thermal conductivity (which is approximately an order of magnitude greater than that of
315:
utensils suffer from brittleness when subjected to rapid large changes in temperature, as commonly occur in cooking, and the glazing of earthenware often contains
414:
preparation. Non-stick plastic coatings can be applied to frying pans; newer coatings avoid the issues with decomposition of plastics under strong heating.
2809:
2123:
124:
foods; other kitchen utensils are highly specialized and may be used only in connection with preparation of a particular type of food, such as an
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232:. He observed that iron had been used as a substitute, and that some utensils were made of earthenware. By the turn of the 20th century,
174:(i.e. knives and other cutting implements) can be used for both food preparation in a kitchen and as eating utensils when dining. Other
2784:
566:, wrote with the assumption that her readers would have the "usual quantity of utensils", to which she added a list of necessary items:
2861:
278:
kitchen utensils are less prone to rust by avoiding abrasive scouring and extended soaking in water in order to build up its layer of
2173:
2063:
1163:
1158:
518:
Ownership and types of kitchen utensils varied from household to household. Records survive of inventories of kitchen utensils from
451:. Lower: hanging from hooks; a small pan, a meat fork, an icing spatula, a whole spoon, a slotted spoon, and a perforated spatula.
523:
a brass pot (one of the commonest such kitchen utensils listed in the records) valued at three shillings. Similarly, in
2116:
2764:
2085:
409:
Plastics can be readily formed by molding into a variety of shapes useful for kitchen utensils. Transparent plastic
570:
Copper saucepans, well lined, with covers, from three to six different sizes; a flat-bottomed soup-pot; an upright
431:
2824:
381:
Aluminium and aluminium alloys — Castings — Chemical composition of castings for use in contact with foodstuffs
1096:
by the increased labour required for what came to be expected as the culinary norm in the average household.
2789:
2779:
2774:
2632:
2168:
2148:
1153:
811:
471:, historical and archaeological sources record that Jewish households generally had stone measuring cups, a
2814:
2804:
2178:
2109:
2094:
2020:(reprinted by Applewood Books, 2002 ed.). Minneapolis: Buckeye Publishing Company. pp. 364–365.
2013:
1632:(1969). "On the construction of Kitchen Fireplaces and Kitchen Utensils". In Brown, Sanborn Conner (ed.).
379:, the construction of kitchen utensils made of aluminium is determined by two European standards: EN 601 (
365:
599:
586:; a board to cut bread upon; a covered jar for pieces of bread, and one for fine crumbs; a knife-tray; a
2794:
2328:
2153:
1697:
1524:
1142:
2667:
2856:
2834:
2829:
2747:
249:
2440:
1548:. Cooking in America (republished by Applewood Books, 2007 ed.). New York: Frye Publishing Co.
924:
2799:
2460:
2253:
1928:
1614:. Cooking in America (republished by Applewood Books, 2008 ed.). Boston: Dana Estes & Co.
991:
746:
35:
2572:
1706:. Cooking in America (republished by Applewood Books, 2008 ed.). New York: The Macmillan Co.
894:
690:
353:), the fact that it is largely non-reactive with foodstuffs at low and high temperatures, its low
69:
2400:
981:
803:
754:
726:
571:
448:
266:
190:
2018:
Buckeye
Cookery & Practical Housekeeping: Tried and Approved, Compiled from Original Recipes
876:
395:
139:
is a utensil for cooking. Utensils may be categorized by use with terms derived from the word "
39:
651:
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216:
74:
856:
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1523:. Wordsworth Reference Series (republished by Wordsworth Editions, 2006 ed.). London:
2687:
2642:
2495:
2485:
591:
294:
205:
125:
99:
2288:
594:; iron and wooden spoons; a wire sieve for sifting flour and meal; a small hair sieve; a
78:
1701:
1663:. California studies in food and culture. Vol. 25. University of California Press.
1543:
2697:
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1905:
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376:
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163:
56:
38:(professional kitchen tools and pans), from the beginning of the 20th century, at the
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1968:
1634:
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579:
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109:
88:
60:
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2350:
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1605:
1074:) listed more than 200 kitchen utensils that a well-furnished kitchen should have.
885:
679:
279:
233:
49:
30:
562:) had recommended a smaller array of utensils. By 1858, Elizabeth H. Putnam, in
2627:
2587:
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2370:
2365:
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2203:
2163:
2143:
1586:
Food on the frontier: Minnesota cooking from 1850 to 1900, with selected recipes
1136:
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783:
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603:
595:
583:
468:
312:
186:
129:
1947:
Hancock, Ralph (2006). "metal utensils". In
Davidson, Alan; Jaine, Tom (eds.).
1188:
483:(a lidded stewpot/casserole pot type of vessel used for stewing and steaming),
298:
while not presenting the risk of rust found with iron or other types of steel.
2612:
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229:
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1823:
Schuler, Stanley; Schuler, Elizabeth Meriwether (1975). "kitchen utensils".
1317:
1315:
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1091:
cooking, on a stove or range rather than at floor level with a hearth, they
536:
524:
343:
275:
194:
167:
140:
17:
1260:
Classic household hints : over 500 old and new tips for a happier home
2080:
334:
suitable for cooking using a direct heat, such as a cooking over a flame.
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2313:
769:
671:
642:
369:
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65:
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2435:
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935:
765:
519:
436:
245:
166:, which are tools used for eating (c.f. the more general category of
1951:. Oxford Companions Series (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
1974:. Chicago: National Housewares Manufacturers Association. pp.
1970:
The Housewares Story: a history of the American housewares industry
2702:
2692:
2682:
2672:
2647:
1788:
Kitchen Utensils: names, origins, and definitions through the ages
822:
535:
444:
430:
394:
359:
350:
204:
170:). Some utensils are both kitchen utensils and eating utensils.
105:
95:
84:
43:
155:, kitchen utensils that are for use inside ovens and for baking;
2233:
2101:
1680:
The Cambridge History of Judaism: The late Roman-Rabbinic period
909:
316:
271:
120:
2105:
1926:
McGee, Harold (2004). "Cooking Methods and Utensil Materials".
178:
such as forks and spoons are both kitchen and eating utensils.
1806:
America at Home: A Celebration of Twentieth-Century Housewares
435:
Various kitchen utensils. At top: a spice rack with jars of
53:
Various kitchen utensils on a kitchen hook strip. From left:
1994:
Mrs Putnam's Receipt Book and Young Housekeeper's Assistant
1744:. Family life through history. Greenwood Publishing Group.
564:
Mrs Putnam's Receipt Book and Young Housekeeper's Assistant
1416:
1414:
1443:
1441:
1929:
On Food and Cooking: The Science and lore of the Kitchen
1763:. Food in American history. Greenwood Publishing Group.
1700:; Rose, Flora; Canon, Helen (1919). "Kitchen Utensils".
1636:
Collected Works of Count Rumford: Devices and techniques
1357:
1333:
1321:
1294:
1244:
1228:
1226:
1907:
Cool Tools: Cooking Utensils from the Japanese Kitchen
511:(a canteen of cold water used to dilute wine), and a
193:, utensils (both kitchen and dining) made of silver;
162:
A partially overlapping category of tools is that of
2006:Philadelphia Cook Book: A Manual of Home Economies
1967:
1904:
1862:
1656:
1633:
1583:
1516:
460:"Of the culinary utensils of the ancients", wrote
210:Kitchen utensils in bronze discovered in Pompeii.
1865:The Woodworker's Book of Wooden Kitchen Utensils
1659:Of sugar and snow: a history of ice cream making
368:kitchen utensils at the Batey ha-Osef Museum in
274:is more prone to rusting than (tinned) copper.
1611:Miss Parloa's New Cook Book and Marketing Guide
1563:Carlin, Martha; Rosenthal, Joel Thomas (1998).
1393:
1078:"Labour-saving" utensils generating more labour
1740:Volo, James M.; Volo, Dorothy Denneen (2007).
159:, merchandise used for cooking; and so forth.
2117:
540:The up-to-date kitchen fireproof ware in 1894
495:(frying pan) for deep and shallow frying, an
8:
1567:. Continuum International Publishing Group.
475:(a wide-necked vessel for heating water), a
1682:. Vol. 4. Cambridge University Press.
2124:
2110:
2102:
1150:, a European size standard for kitchenware
342:James Frank Breazeale in 1918 opined that
1742:Family life in nineteenth-century America
1640:. Vol. 3. Harvard University Press.
1483:
1405:
1345:
574:; sheet-iron breadpans instead of tin; a
479:(an unlidded pot-bellied cooking pot), a
212:Illustration by Hercule Catenacci in 1864
1932:. Simon and Schuster. pp. 787–791.
1495:
1447:
1432:
1420:
1381:
1306:
1205:
628:
48:
29:
1471:
1180:
491:(pots for heating water), two types of
185:" suffix, rather than their functions:
1655:Quinzio, Jeri (2009). "Women's Work".
1590:. Minnesota Historical Society Press.
1459:
1369:
1232:
1217:
610:
559:
1761:Food in the United States, 1820s–1890
1358:van Rensselaer, Rose & Canon 1919
1334:van Rensselaer, Rose & Canon 1919
1322:van Rensselaer, Rose & Canon 1919
1295:van Rensselaer, Rose & Canon 1919
1245:van Rensselaer, Rose & Canon 1919
1071:
7:
2755:
1842:Byrne, David; Wheeler, Mike (1995).
1810:International Housewares Association
2008:. Philadelphia: Arnold and Company.
1846:. Science in the kitchen. Longman.
322:In addition to their problems with
1565:Food and eating in medieval Europe
25:
1164:List of Japanese cooking utensils
1159:List of food preparation utensils
2754:
2738:
2737:
2079:
1983:Parkes, Frances Byerley (1828).
1519:The Book of Household Management
1120:
1106:
1055:The Book of Household Management
1542:Breazeale, James Frank (1918).
1263:. Stewart, Tabori & Chang.
1888:. Greenwood Publishing Group.
1825:The householders' encyclopedia
1804:Matranga, Victoria K. (1996).
27:Tool used for food preparation
1:
1996:. New York: Sheldon & Co.
1992:Putnam, Elizabeth H. (1858).
547:Cook Book and Marketing Guide
499:(a glass serving platter), a
2091:See related website to find
2039:. Barnes & Noble Books.
1949:The Oxford companion to food
1869:. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.
1786:Brooks, Phillips V. (2004).
1582:Kreidberg, Marjorie (1975).
619:Book of Household Management
1903:Klippensteen, Kate (2006).
1394:Carlin & Rosenthal 1998
402:plastic utensils made from
2878:
1911:. Kodansha International.
1721:Vargel, Christian (2004).
578:; a tin kitchen; Hector's
503:(ceramic serving bowl), a
305:
302:Earthenware and enamelware
264:
2862:Food preparation utensils
2733:
2199:
2174:Food preparation utensils
2139:
2035:Ettlinger, Steve (2001).
1257:Waggoner, Susan. (2014).
189:, utensils made of clay;
147:, wares for the kitchen;
2810:Machine and metalworking
2054:Campbell, Susan (1980).
1759:Williams, Susan (2006).
2820:Measuring and alignment
2633:Salt and pepper shakers
1861:Studley, Vance (1981).
1703:A Manual of Home-Making
1154:List of eating utensils
456:Before the 19th century
2179:Food storage container
1987:. New York: JJ Harper.
1966:Lifshey, Earl (1973).
1790:. Palgrave Macmillan.
1723:Corrosion of aluminium
1698:van Rensselaer, Martha
1545:Economy in the Kitchen
1068:Philadelphia Cook Book
1059:
1053:Isabella Mary Beeton,
615:
541:
507:(a bowl for bread), a
452:
406:
372:
366:Israeli Defence Forces
213:
112:
46:
2154:Cookware and bakeware
2058:. London: Macmillan.
2014:Wilcox, Estelle Woods
1884:Shrock, Joel (2004).
1525:Samuel Orchart Beeton
1513:Beeton, Isabella Mary
1143:Cookware and bakeware
623:
568:
539:
434:
427:Diversity and utility
398:
363:
208:
119:is a small hand-held
52:
33:
2785:Cutting and abrasive
2088:at Wikimedia Commons
2056:The Cook's Companion
2037:The Kitchenware Book
1421:Volo & Volo 2007
1139:, list of such wares
250:thermal conductivity
2254:Cake and pie server
617:Mrs Beeton, in her
600:lignum vitae mortar
532:19th century growth
515:(a wine decanter).
36:batterie de cuisine
2329:Mated colander pot
2002:Rorer, Sarah Tyson
1630:Thompson, Benjamin
1384:, p. 439–441.
1360:, p. 232–233.
1324:, p. 234–235.
1309:, p. 236–239.
1297:, p. 235–236.
1247:, p. 233–234.
1208:, p. 232–239.
1189:"Kitchen utensils"
974:Fish and Egg-slice
598:; a meat-board; a
542:
453:
407:
373:
267:Cast-iron cookware
214:
113:
47:
2844:
2843:
2668:Strawberry huller
2538:Mortar and pestle
2259:Candy thermometer
2084:Media related to
2046:978-0-7607-2332-6
2027:978-1-55709-515-2
1958:978-0-19-280681-9
1939:978-0-684-80001-1
1918:978-4-7700-3016-0
1895:978-0-313-32204-4
1876:978-0-442-24726-3
1853:978-0-582-12457-8
1834:978-0-88365-301-2
1827:. Galahad Books.
1818:978-0-9655487-0-0
1797:978-1-4039-6619-3
1770:978-0-313-33245-6
1751:978-0-313-33792-5
1732:978-0-08-044495-6
1713:978-1-4290-1241-6
1689:978-0-521-77248-8
1670:978-0-520-24861-8
1647:978-0-674-13953-4
1621:978-1-4290-1274-4
1597:978-0-87351-097-4
1574:978-1-85285-148-4
1555:978-1-4290-1024-5
1534:978-1-84022-268-5
1396:, pp. 42–32.
1270:978-1-61312-253-2
1128:Technology portal
1064:Sarah Tyson Rorer
1049:
1048:
917: Stand
217:Benjamin Thompson
92:– Spaghetti ladle
16:(Redirected from
2869:
2765:Kitchen utensils
2758:
2757:
2741:
2740:
2501:Meat thermometer
2431:Grapefruit knife
2361:Edible tableware
2126:
2119:
2112:
2103:
2095:kitchen utensils
2086:Kitchen utensils
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2009:
1997:
1988:
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1962:
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1844:Kitchen Utensils
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719:5 Iron Saucepans
629:
308:Clay pot cooking
34:An exhibit of a
21:
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2870:
2868:
2867:
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2847:
2846:
2845:
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2688:Trussing needle
2496:Meat tenderizer
2486:Measuring spoon
2195:
2169:Eating utensils
2135:
2130:
2076:
2066:
2053:
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2034:
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2012:
2000:
1991:
1982:
1965:
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1946:
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1896:
1883:
1877:
1860:
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1780:Further reading
1777:
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1408:, pp. 164.
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714:1 Pair of Brass
534:
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295:Stainless steel
292:
290:Stainless steel
269:
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243:
203:
164:eating utensils
137:cooking utensil
117:kitchen utensil
103:
100:measuring spoon
93:
91:
82:
81:(small cleaver)
72:
63:
54:
40:Musée Cernuschi
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2775:Types of tools
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2563:Pastry blender
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2074:External links
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1484:Breazeale 1918
1476:
1474:, p. 133.
1464:
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1423:, p. 245.
1410:
1406:Kreidberg 1975
1398:
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1346:Breazeale 1918
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1336:, p. 236.
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411:measuring cups
392:
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383:) and EN 602 (
377:European Union
364:An exhibit of
339:
336:
330:comparatively
306:Main article:
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57:Pastry blender
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2623:Roller docker
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2603:Potato masher
2601:
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2548:Nutmeg grater
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2391:Fat separator
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2376:Egg separator
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2356:Cutting board
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2336:Cookie cutter
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2309:Citrus reamer
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2294:Cherry pitter
2292:
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2279:Cheese slicer
2277:
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2270:
2269:Cheese cutter
2267:
2265:
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2255:
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2249:Butter curler
2247:
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2244:Browning tray
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2240:
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2229:Bottle opener
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2133:Kitchen tools
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1498:, p. 53.
1497:
1496:Williams 2006
1492:
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1486:, p. 36.
1485:
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1462:, p. 31.
1461:
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1449:
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89:slotted spoon
86:
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71:
68:and (hidden)
67:
62:
61:potato masher
58:
51:
45:
41:
37:
32:
19:
2759:
2742:
2708:Wooden spoon
2678:Tomato knife
2608:Potato ricer
2598:Pizza cutter
2573:Pastry wheel
2568:Pastry brush
2533:Milk watcher
2528:Milk frother
2516:Herb chopper
2506:Melon baller
2491:Meat grinder
2471:Lobster pick
2451:Honing steel
2446:Honey dipper
2426:Garlic press
2411:Flour sifter
2396:Fillet knife
2351:Crab cracker
2341:Cookie press
2289:Chef's knife
2274:Cheese knife
2208:Apple cutter
2132:
2093:
2092:
2055:
2036:
2017:
2005:
1993:
1984:
1969:
1948:
1927:
1906:
1885:
1864:
1843:
1824:
1805:
1787:
1760:
1741:
1725:. Elsevier.
1722:
1702:
1679:
1658:
1635:
1610:
1585:
1564:
1544:
1518:
1505:Bibliography
1491:
1479:
1472:Quinzio 2009
1467:
1455:
1428:
1401:
1389:
1377:
1365:
1353:
1341:
1329:
1302:
1259:
1252:
1240:
1213:
1201:
1192:
1183:
1092:
1089:
1081:
1067:
1060:
1054:
1050:
1045:£8 11s. 1d.
1022:Fish-kettles
965:Meat-chopper
895:Plate-basket
886:Dripping-pan
866:Jelly-moulds
848:Candlesticks
745:1 Ditto and
738:Candlesticks
736:
691:Bread-grater
670:3 Block-tin
624:
618:
616:
608:
569:
563:
556:
550:
546:
543:
517:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
466:
459:
421:
408:
384:
380:
374:
348:
341:
331:
328:
321:
311:
293:
284:
270:
244:
234:Maria Parloa
215:
209:
180:
161:
156:
152:
148:
144:
136:
134:
116:
114:
106:Bottle brush
79:chef's knife
70:serving fork
18:Food utensil
2857:Kitchenware
2835:Woodworking
2748:Kitchenware
2628:Rolling pin
2588:Pepper mill
2401:Fish scaler
2371:Egg poacher
2366:Egg piercer
2284:Cheesecloth
2239:Bread knife
2204:Apple corer
2164:Dishwashing
2144:Kitchenware
1460:Beeton 1861
1370:Beeton 1861
1233:Vargel 2004
1218:Parloa 1908
1137:Kitchenware
1114:Food portal
982:Meat-screen
954:Coal-shovel
804:Boiling-pot
795:Bottle-jack
784:Salt-cellar
755:Mustard-pot
705:Frying-pans
611:Putnam 1858
604:rolling-pin
596:bread-board
584:bread-knife
560:Parkes 1828
313:Earthenware
187:earthenware
145:kitchenware
130:apple corer
2851:Categories
2743:Categories
2613:Pot-holder
2558:Pastry bag
2553:Oven glove
2543:Nutcracker
2523:Microplane
2406:Fish slice
2381:Egg slicer
2304:Chopsticks
2264:Can opener
1279:1028679638
1171:References
1148:Gastronorm
1072:Rorer 1886
1013:Coffee-pot
934:2 Sets of
877:Candle-box
835:1 Pair of
812:Pepper box
680:Flat-irons
634:Tea-kettle
606:, &c.
588:spoon-tray
462:Mrs Beeton
404:bioplastic
265:See also:
230:varnishing
226:enamelling
191:silverware
2511:Mezzaluna
2476:Mandoline
2416:Food mill
2386:Egg timer
2346:Corkscrew
2224:Blowtorch
2184:Tableware
1176:Citations
1006:30s. 0d.
929:1s. 10d.
672:saucepans
652:Flour-box
621:, wrote:
549:listed a
525:Minnesota
344:aluminium
338:Aluminium
280:seasoning
276:Cast iron
248:has good
201:Materials
195:glassware
168:tableware
2790:Forestry
2780:Cleaning
2638:Scissors
2593:Pie bird
2324:Colander
2314:Clay pot
2016:(1877).
2004:(1886).
1608:(1908).
1515:(1861).
1100:See also
1066:'s 1886
1026:10s. 0d.
958:2s. 6d.
899:5s. 6d.
870:8s. 0d.
857:Stewpans
841:2s. 0d.
832:10s. 0d.
802:1 Large
759:1s. 0d.
731:2s. 0d.
727:Gridiron
722:12s. 0d.
709:4s. 0d.
684:3s. 6d.
656:1s. 0d.
643:Colander
572:gridiron
391:Plastics
370:Tel Aviv
355:toxicity
157:cookware
153:bakeware
149:ovenware
2815:Masonry
2805:Kitchen
2760:Commons
2713:Scraper
2658:Spatula
2319:Cleaver
2299:Chinois
2219:Beanpot
2189:Teaware
2159:Cutlery
1976:125–195
1042:The Set
1017:2s. 3d.
1001:1s. 9d.
996:1s. 3d.
980:1 Wood
969:1s. 9d.
949:1s. 0d.
945:Dustpan
940:1s. 0s.
936:Skewers
920:6s. 6d.
914:5s. 3d.
881:1s. 4d.
861:8s. 9d.
855:4 Iron
852:2s. 6d.
837:Bellows
827:1s. 6d.
799:9s. 9d.
779:6s. 6d.
774:6s. 6d.
747:Steamer
742:3s. 6d.
700:5s. 9d.
695:1s. 0d.
667:1s. 0d.
647:1s. 6d.
638:6s. 6d.
592:cleaver
576:griddle
551:minimum
497:iskutla
493:teganon
477:kederah
441:caraway
375:In the
254:tarnish
222:tinning
176:cutlery
172:Cutlery
75:Skimmer
66:Spatula
2825:Mining
2795:Garden
2725:Zester
2663:Spider
2583:Peeler
2436:Grater
2421:Funnel
2214:Baster
2062:
2043:
2024:
1955:
1936:
1915:
1892:
1873:
1850:
1831:
1816:
1794:
1767:
1748:
1729:
1710:
1686:
1667:
1644:
1618:
1594:
1571:
1552:
1531:
1277:
1267:
908:&
906:Knives
823:Spoons
766:Teapot
602:, and
520:London
501:tamḥui
489:kumkum
473:meyḥam
447:, and
246:Copper
241:Copper
228:, and
128:or an
2830:Power
2718:Dough
2703:Whisk
2693:Twine
2683:Tongs
2673:Tamis
2648:Sieve
2643:Scoop
2456:Ladle
1085:knife
910:Forks
513:lagin
509:kiton
505:keara
485:yorah
481:ilpas
445:thyme
418:Glass
351:steel
183:-ware
110:ladle
96:Sieve
85:Whisk
44:Paris
2800:Hand
2578:Peel
2461:Lame
2234:Bowl
2060:ISBN
2041:ISBN
2022:ISBN
1953:ISBN
1934:ISBN
1913:ISBN
1890:ISBN
1871:ISBN
1848:ISBN
1829:ISBN
1814:ISBN
1792:ISBN
1765:ISBN
1746:ISBN
1727:ISBN
1708:ISBN
1684:ISBN
1665:ISBN
1642:ISBN
1616:ISBN
1592:ISBN
1569:ISBN
1550:ISBN
1529:ISBN
1275:OCLC
1265:ISBN
1093:also
816:6d.
788:8d.
770:Tray
768:and
487:and
449:sage
437:mint
317:lead
272:Iron
261:Iron
151:and
141:ware
121:tool
108:and
98:and
87:and
77:and
59:and
1193:GBS
888:and
387:).
143:":
102:set
42:in
2853::
1812:,
1808:,
1527:.
1440:^
1413:^
1314:^
1287:^
1273:.
1225:^
1191:.
1051:—
1020:2
1011:1
990:1
972:1
963:1
952:1
943:1
923:1
904:6
893:1
884:1
875:1
864:3
846:2
821:6
810:1
793:1
782:1
764:1
753:1
725:1
703:2
689:1
678:3
661:1
650:1
641:1
632:1
609:—
469:AD
443:,
439:,
332:un
224:,
135:A
115:A
104:–
94:–
83:–
73:–
64:–
55:–
2210:)
2206:(
2125:e
2118:t
2111:v
2068:.
2049:.
2030:.
1978:.
1961:.
1942:.
1921:.
1898:.
1879:.
1856:.
1837:.
1800:.
1773:.
1754:.
1735:.
1716:.
1692:.
1673:.
1650:.
1624:.
1600:.
1577:.
1558:.
1537:.
1281:.
1195:.
1070:(
558:(
20:)
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