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296:(1578–1606) which set several trends including wide, raised sidewalks separating pedestrians from the road traffic, plus the first Parisian bridge without houses built on it, and its generous width plus elegant, durable design that immediately became popular for promenading at the beginning of the century that saw Paris take its form renowned to this day. It was also a cultural phenomenon because all classes mixed on the new walkways. By the 19th-century large and spacious sidewalks were routinely constructed in European capitals, and were associated with urban sophistication.
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to mean that installing sidewalks would necessarily reduce the likelihood of pedestrian/motor vehicle crashes by 88.2 percent in all situations. However, the presence of a sidewalk clearly has a strong beneficial effect of reducing the risk of a 'walking along roadway' pedestrian/motor vehicle crash." The study does not count crashes that happen when walking across a roadway. The speed limit risk ratio was 1.116, which means that a 16.1-km/h (10-mi/h) increase in the limit yields a factor of (1.116) or 3.
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Sidewalks played an important role in transportation, as they provided a path for people to walk along without stepping on horse manure. They aided road safety by minimizing interaction between pedestrians, horses, carriages, and later automobiles. Sidewalks are normally in pairs, one on each side of
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In highly variable climates which undergo multiple freeze-thaw cycles, concrete blocks will be formed with separations, called expansion joints, to allow for thermal expansion without breakage. The use of expansion joints in sidewalks may not be necessary, as the concrete will shrink while setting.
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Today, most sidewalk ribbons are constructed with cross-lying strain-relief grooves placed or sawn at regular intervals, typically 5 feet (1.5 m) apart. This partitioning, an improvement over the continuous slab ribbon, was patented in 1924 by Arthur Wesley Hall and
William Alexander McVay, who
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Bad paving and obstructions were frequently reported to the justices under a paving Act of 1623, but the borough chamberlain, workhouse corporation, and parish officers failed to discharge their responsibilities and the small fines for neglect were ineffective. Enforcement of the Act by the borough
420:
Riding bicycles on sidewalks is discouraged since some research shows it to be more dangerous than riding in the street. Some jurisdictions prohibit sidewalk riding except for children. In addition to the risk of cyclist/pedestrian collisions, cyclists face increase risks from collisions with motor
394:
are significant factors in the likelihood of a vehicle/pedestrian crash. Sidewalk presence had a risk ratio of 0.118, which means that the likelihood of a crash on a road with a paved sidewalk was 88.2 percent lower than one without a sidewalk. The authors wrote that "this should not be interpreted
291:
to establish foot-ways throughout all the streets of London, to pave them with
Purbeck stone (the thoroughfare in the middle was generally cobblestone) and to raise them above the street level with kerbs forming the separation. The corporation was also made responsible for the regular upkeep of the
1539:
The distinction between a footway and a footpath is that a footway is the part of a highway adjacent to, or contiguous with, the roadway on which there is a public right of way on foot. A footpath is not adjacent to a public roadway. Where reference is made to one, it can generally be regarded as
528:
Some sidewalks may be built like a
Meandering Sidewalk. The meandering sidewalk is the wavy sidewalk that veers back and forth at the side of the road, no matter how straight the street. These sidewalks are common in North America and are used to break up the monotonous alignments of city blocks.
731:
wished to minimize damage to the concrete from the effects of tectonic and temperature fluctuations, both of which can crack longer segments. The technique is not perfect, as freeze-thaw cycles (in cold-winter regions) and tree root growth can eventually result in damage which requires repair.
267:
in 1666, attempts were slowly made to bring some order to the sprawling city. In 1671, "Certain Orders, Rules and
Directions Touching the Paving and Cleansing The Streets, Lanes and Common Passages within the City of London" were formulated, calling for all streets to be adequately paved for
714:
385:
Research commissioned for the
Florida Department of Transportation, published in 2005, found that, in Florida, the Crash Reduction Factor (used to estimate the expected reduction of crashes during a given period) resulting from the installation of sidewalks averaged 74%. Research at the
1296:
525:, for example, when used as an extender is less energy-intensive than Portland cement concrete or petroleum-based materials such as asphalt or tar-penetration macadam. Multi-use paths alongside roads are sometimes made of materials that are softer than concrete, such as asphalt.
405:
schemes, are reported to deliver a dramatic drop in crashes and congestion too, which indicates that a number of other factors, such as the local speed environment, also play an important role in whether sidewalks are necessarily the best local solution for pedestrian safety.
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Why is pavement parking a problem? Pavements are constructed and provided for pedestrian use. Vehicles parked on pavements are: a hazard to pedestrians causing an obstruction which may result in them having to step off the pavement onto the highway thus putting themselves in
435:
Since residents of neighborhoods with sidewalks are more likely to walk, they tend to have lower rates of cardiovascular disease, obesity, and other health issues related to sedentary lifestyles. Also, children who walk to school have been shown to have better concentration.
1561:"cycle track" means a way constituting or comprised in a highway, being a way over which the public have the following, but no other, rights of way, that is to say, a right of way on pedal cycles [F3 (other than pedal cycles which are motor vehicles within the meaning of
722:
In the United States and Canada, the most common type of sidewalk consists of a poured concrete "ribbon", examples of which from as early as the 1860s can be found in good repair in San
Francisco, and stamped with the name of the contractor and date of installation. When
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On rural roads, sidewalks may not be present as the amount of traffic (pedestrian or motorized) may not be enough to justify separating the two. In suburban and urban areas, sidewalks are more common. In town and city centers (known as
1101:
963:
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Sidewalks may have a small effect on reducing vehicle miles traveled and carbon dioxide emissions. A study of sidewalk and transit investments in
Seattle neighborhoods found vehicle travel reductions of 6 to 8% and
1062:
161:. Many Commonwealth countries use the term "footpath". The professional, civil engineering and legal term for this in the USA and Canada is "sidewalk" while in the United Kingdom it is "pavement".
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justices ceased when the charter lapsed in 1741 and by 1750 the streets were so ruinous that a new Act was obtained, which perpetuated the responsibility of justices to enforce the regulations.
1941:
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in the USA) the amount of pedestrian traffic can exceed motorized traffic, and in this case the sidewalks can occupy more than half of the width of the road, or the whole road can be
2040:
176:" is a more comprehensive term that includes stairs, ramps, passageways, and related structures that facilitate the use of a path as well as the sidewalk. In the UK, the term "
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were common in some North
American locations. They may still be found at historic beach locations and in conservation areas to protect the land beneath and around, called
601:
1839:
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180:" is mostly used for paths that do not abut a roadway. The term "shared-use path" is used where cyclists are also able to use the same section of path as pedestrians.
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840:
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without any formal separation between the two categories. Early attempts at ensuring the adequate maintenance of foot-ways or sidewalks were often made, as in the
1851:
The town of
Drachten removed most of its street furniture, signs and markings in 2003 and recorded a dramatic fall in accidents and traffic congestion as a result
413:
is a common problem with unsalted sidewalks. The ice forms a thin transparent surface film which is almost impossible to see, and so results in many slips by
387:
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582:
1903:
1933:
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1465:"footway" means a way comprised in a highway which also comprises a carriageway, being a way over which the public have a right of way on foot only
902:
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284:
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roads, including their cleaning and repair, for which they charged a tax from 1766. Another turning point was the construction of Paris's
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for a variety of vehicles including cars, motorbikes and bicycles. Sidewalk surfing was often used in the early 1960s to describe
421:
vehicles at street crossings and driveways. Riding in the direction opposite to traffic in the adjacent lane is especially risky.
398:
The presence or absence of sidewalks was one of three factors that were found to encourage drivers to choose lower, safer speeds.
3502:
1005:
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An
Analysis of Factors Contributing to 'Walking along Roadway' Crashes, Research Study and Guidelines for Sidewalks and Walkways
1758:
Update of Florida Crash Reduction Factors and Countermeasures to Improve the Development of District Safety Improvement Projects
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883:
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Brick sidewalks are found in some urban areas, usually for aesthetic purposes. Brick sidewalks are generally consolidated with
245:
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2607:
2222:
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1835:
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1478:"Part II of II: Best Practices Design Guide - Sidewalk2 - Publications - Bicycle and Pedestrian Program - Environment - FHWA"
1307:
1733:"Research Note: An Assessment of Urban Form and Pedestrian and Transit Improvements as an Integrated GHG Reduction Strategy"
1501:
1788:
McMahon, Patrick J.; Charles V. Zegeer; Chandler Duncan; Richard L. Knoblauch; J. Richard Stewart; Asad J. Khattak (2002).
3484:
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Building Capitalism (Routledge Revivals): Historical Change and the Labour Process in the Production of Built Environment
986:
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1986:
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in the 1850s because it proved to be stronger, more plentiful and easier to work than most other available materials.
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2097:, a radical proposal for the post-COVID city published in Barcelona on 20 April 2020. Author: Massimo Paolini.
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areas sidewalks are most commonly constructed of slabs, stone, or brick depending upon the surrounding street
727:
was first imported to the United States in the 1880s, its principal use was in the construction of sidewalks.
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1911:
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30:
This article is about pedestrian paths next to roads. For pedestrian paths that are not next to roads, see
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1966:
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2084:, a U.S.A.-based clearinghouse for information for pedestrians (including transit users) and bicyclists.
2078:
a member-based advocacy group dedicated to making metro Atlanta safe and accessible for all pedestrians.
1972:
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passed a series of Paving Acts from the 18th century. The 1766 Paving & Lighting Act authorized the
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are more common in Europe. Different materials are more or less friendly environmentally: pumice-based
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for the U.S. Department of Transportation found that the presence or absence of a sidewalk and the
372:
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provide pedestrians a space to cross between the two sides of the street at predictable locations.
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On the other hand, the implementation of schemes which involve the removal of sidewalks, such as
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1879:"Bicycle sidepaths: Crash risks and liability exposure: Evidence from the research literature"
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The first sidewalks appeared around 2000 to 1990 B.C. in central Anatolia (modern Turkey) .
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are sometimes used where an attractive appearance is required, as in historic town centers.
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79:
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Lisa Aultman-Hall and Michael F. Adams, Jr. (1998). "Sidewalk Bicycling Safety Issues".
685:
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94:. Usually constructed of concrete, pavers, brick, stone, or asphalt, it is designed for
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were also installed to protect pedestrians from the traffic in the middle of the road.
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between the sidewalk and the roadway and between the roadway and the adjacent land.
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are used, though they are generally considered too uneven for comfortable walking.
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172:" or "multi-use paths" are available for use by both pedestrians and bicyclists. "
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are used for sidewalks, often colored or textured to resemble stone. Sometimes
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Raised wooden sidewalk by a dirt road, Staten Island, N.Y., early 20th century
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1266:"Ontario Traffic Manual Book 1 - Introduction to the Ontario Traffic Manual"
1166:
805:
748:
657:
653:
649:
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633:
542:
538:
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410:
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1297:"British Columbia Manual of Standard Traffic Signs & Pavement Markings"
188:
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the road, with the center section of the road for motorized vehicles.
313:
Pedestrians walking on the sidewalk, locally known as a "pavement" in
199:, London, 1766. The sidewalk is separated from the main street by six
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314:
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1934:"The Link Between Kids Who Walk or Bike to School and Concentration"
1820:
John N. Ivan, Norman W. Garrick and Gilbert Hanson (November 2009).
215:
Sidewalks have operated for at least 4,000 years. The Greek city of
1112:
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619:
522:
506:
443:
376:
320:
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56:
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2170:
Dual carriageway / Divided highway / Expressway
2100:
2037:"Expansion Joints Not Needed in Sidewalk - Concrete Construction"
113:
In some places, the same term may also be used for a paved path,
2131:
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974:
122:
103:
91:
2104:
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1258:
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1738:. Washington State Department of Transportation. April 2011.
1409:
Cassidy, Frederic Gomes, and Joan Houston Hall (eds). (2002)
236:, narrow roads had reverted to being simultaneously used by
2088:
Manifesto for the Reorganisation of the City after COVID19
1035:
935:
2063:
1795:(Report). Federal Highway Administration. FHWA-RD-01-101.
1291:
1289:
2004:
Robert W. Lesley. "What Cement Users Owe To The Public".
1987:"Green sidewalk makes electricity one footstep at a time"
1822:
Designing Roads That Guide Drivers to Choose Safer Speeds
656:
has been used to pave the sidewalks of the CBD since the
2006:
The Cement Age: A Magazine Devoted to the Uses of Cement
2068:
1614:
Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris, Renia Ehrenfeucht (2009).
1577:
Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris, Renia Ehrenfeucht (2009).
1068:
Sidewalk covered in dirt and dust, is cleaned during a
718:
Concrete sidewalk with horizontal strain-relief grooves
679:
Installation of crushed stone underlayment for drainage
106:(spelled "curb" in North America). There may also be a
1617:
Sidewalks: Conflict and Negotiation Over Public Space
1580:
Sidewalks: Conflict and Negotiation Over Public Space
121:
that is not next to a road, such as a path through a
755:
suburban sidewalks are most commonly constructed of
3460:
3431:
3337:
3154:
3114:
3076:
2918:
2907:
2759:
2646:
2563:
2554:
2482:
2387:
2301:
2183:
2150:
2141:
1132:
Big Apple Pothole and Sidewalk Protection Committee
51:Raised sidewalk beside a 2000-year-old paved road,
1756:Gan, Albert; Joan Shen; Adriana Rodriquez (2005).
1424:
1836:"Do you take unnecessary risks behind the wheel?"
1229:
1227:
465:Some sidewalks may be used as social spaces with
86:in Australia, India, New Zealand and Ireland, or
2082:Pedestrian and Bicycle Information Center (PBIC)
1553:"Highways Act 1980 – Interpretation Section 329"
1457:"Highways Act 1980 – Interpretation Section 329"
168:is used for the pedestrian path beside a road. "
133:The term "sidewalk" is preferred in most of the
1968:Skateboarding and the City: a Complete History
493:Contemporary sidewalks are most often made of
276:was widely used as a durable paving material.
260:, but they were generally not very effective.
2116:
219:had sidewalks by the 4th-century BC, and the
8:
1427:How We Talk: American Regional English Today
537:In the 19th century and early 20th century,
141:. The term "pavement" is more common in the
2915:
2560:
2147:
2123:
2109:
2101:
1763:(Report). State of Florida DOT. BD015-04.
1526:. Department for Transport. Archived from
1413:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
1540:applying to the other for design purposes
1088:Sidewalk with a bicycle priority lane in
98:. A sidewalk is normally higher than the
27:Pedestrian path along the side of a road
1824:. Connecticut Transportation Institute.
1411:Dictionary of American Regional English
1223:
782:
563:
1885:from the original on 11 September 2011
1565:with or without a right of way on foot
3219:Median / Central reservation
2064:Los Alamos Walkability Advocacy Group
2024:Great Maritime Inventions – 1833–1950
1944:from the original on February 7, 2013
1483:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)
1431:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p.
1275:. Ontario Traffic Council. p. 87
7:
38:. For other uses of "pavement", see
363:emission reductions of 1.3 to 2.2%
223:built sidewalks – they called them
3137:Risk compensation (road transport)
2026:, Goose Lane Editions, 2001, p. 73
1333:www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com
846:Old sidewalk with granite curb in
25:
1559:from the original on 2011-02-06.
1506:Compact Oxford English Dictionary
1463:from the original on 2011-02-06.
3503:Glossary of road transport terms
1745:from the original on 2013-06-18.
1100:
1081:
1061:
1042:
1019:
1004:
985:
962:
942:
923:
901:
882:
858:
839:
812:
785:
684:
672:
599:
581:
566:
2043:from the original on 2014-05-21
1842:from the original on 2012-03-12
1802:from the original on 2008-04-10
1770:from the original on 2008-04-10
1652:from the original on 2011-12-28
1388:from the original on 2010-10-04
246:Colchester Improvement Act 1623
164:In the United States, the term
1985:Webster, George (2011-10-13).
1865:Transportation Research Record
1308:Government of British Columbia
90:is a path along the side of a
1:
3485:Pavement performance modeling
3475:International roughness index
102:, and separated from it by a
3480:Present serviceability index
3274:Sidewalk / Pavement
2819:Diamond grinding of pavement
1563:F4 the Road Traffic Act 1988
691:Installation of paver blocks
388:University of North Carolina
3452:Underpass / Tunnel
3447:Overpass / Flyover
3201:High-occupancy vehicle lane
3091:Driving under the influence
2165:Freeway / Motorway
3545:
2379:Highway systems by country
1702:"city street scene manual"
1680:. Routledge. p. 115.
1360:. Routledge. p. 594.
477:musicians, as well as for
428:
370:
325:Sidewalk at Kauppakatu in
289:City of London Corporation
151:Mid-Atlantic United States
149:, as well as parts of the
29:
3498:
3490:Granular base equivalency
3309:Traffic signal preemption
2717:Right-in/right-out (RIRO)
2623:Single-point urban (SPUI)
1620:. MIT Press. p. 15.
1583:. MIT Press. p. 15.
1423:Allan A. Metcalf (2000).
979:Mausoleum of Omar Khayyam
664:Stone and concrete pavers
557:, rollers, and sometimes
203:in front of the building.
145:and other members of the
36:Sidewalk (disambiguation)
3470:Pavement condition index
3196:High-occupancy toll lane
3191:Contraflow lane reversal
3166:Barrier transfer machine
1358:Encyclopedia of the City
1235:"Definition of SIDEWALK"
949:Sidewalk with a planted
877:cleared after a snowfall
574:Cambridge, Massachusetts
497:in North America, while
2324:Express-collector setup
1337:Oxford University Press
1239:www.merriam-webster.com
953:in the "tree lawn" or "
930:Sidewalk with trees in
381:Sidewalk with bike path
147:Commonwealth of Nations
3508:Road types by features
3403:Raised pavement marker
3370:Constant-slope barrier
3294:Traffic directionality
3284:Street running railway
2707:Protected intersection
1838:. Which?. 2011-01-05.
1382:"Parking on pavements"
1107:Pedestrian walkway in
719:
625:
462:
382:
330:
318:
212:
204:
59:
34:. For other uses, see
3365:Concrete step barrier
2702:Offset T-intersection
1904:"Crimes of the Heart"
1674:Linda Clarke (2002).
1642:"Georgian Colchester"
1356:Caves, R. W. (2004).
717:
623:
447:
380:
324:
312:
210:
191:
50:
3408:Road surface marking
3106:Single-vehicle crash
2829:Full depth recycling
2727:Seagull intersection
1524:"Inclusive mobility"
1384:. Lewisham Council.
265:Great Fire of London
3234:Pedestrian crossing
2797:Reinforced concrete
2633:Three-level diamond
2344:Two-lane expressway
2329:Farm-to-market road
1938:The Atlantic Cities
1881:. 8 December 2010.
1192:Portuguese pavement
1182:Pedestrian crossing
911:on the sidewalk in
825:Portuguese pavement
624:Stone slab sidewalk
559:motorized vibrators
517:and (increasingly)
431:Obesity and walking
373:Road traffic safety
367:Road traffic safety
3264:Runaway truck ramp
3086:Driver's education
2874:Rubberized asphalt
2809:Crocodile cracking
2732:Split intersection
2500:Hierarchy of roads
2461:Single carriageway
2093:2021-05-11 at the
2074:2013-01-21 at the
1914:on August 10, 2013
798:Jalan M.H. Thamrin
739:Tarmac and asphalt
720:
698:Pre-cast concrete
626:
463:
383:
331:
319:
213:
205:
60:
3516:
3515:
3324:Wide outside lane
3150:
3149:
3127:Automotive safety
3008:Road slipperiness
2755:
2754:
2603:Diverging diamond
2550:
2549:
2466:Single-track road
2408:Bicycle boulevard
2022:Mario Theriault,
1512:on July 19, 2012.
909:Overspill parking
889:Sidewalk market,
819:Sidewalk next to
539:sidewalks of wood
409:In cold weather,
268:pedestrians with
197:Leadenhall Street
16:(Redirected from
3536:
3360:Cat's eye (road)
3181:Complete streets
2953:Dead Man's Curve
2916:
2854:Pavement milling
2769:Asphalt concrete
2712:Quadrant roadway
2653:
2575:
2561:
2527:Street hierarchy
2175:Elevated highway
2148:
2125:
2118:
2111:
2102:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2033:
2027:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1982:
1976:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1910:. Archived from
1900:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1847:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1801:
1794:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1775:
1769:
1762:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1737:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1719:
1713:
1707:. Archived from
1706:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1597:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1508:. Archived from
1498:
1492:
1491:
1486:. Archived from
1474:
1468:
1467:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1430:
1420:
1414:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1343:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1315:
1301:
1293:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1270:
1262:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1249:
1231:
1212:Street furniture
1187:Permeable paving
1104:
1085:
1065:
1051:Montreal, Quebec
1046:
1032:Northern Ireland
1023:
1008:
989:
966:
946:
927:
905:
886:
862:
843:
816:
789:
688:
676:
644:For example, in
603:
585:
570:
449:Native Americans
285:House of Commons
232:However, by the
193:East India House
170:Shared use paths
72:Canadian English
68:American English
21:
3544:
3543:
3539:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3519:
3518:
3517:
3512:
3494:
3462:
3456:
3427:
3418:Traffic barrier
3378:F-Shape barrier
3333:
3289:Traffic calming
3249:Reversible lane
3239:Pedestrian zone
3224:Motorcycle lane
3186:Contraflow lane
3158:time allocation
3157:
3146:
3142:Underride guard
3110:
3072:
2958:Expansion joint
2920:
2910:
2903:
2889:Stamped asphalt
2751:
2682:Continuous flow
2655:
2651:
2650:
2642:
2576:
2572:grade-separated
2569:
2568:
2546:
2505:Private highway
2478:
2383:
2297:
2179:
2137:
2129:
2095:Wayback Machine
2076:Wayback Machine
2060:
2055:
2046:
2044:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2021:
2017:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1961:
1957:
1947:
1945:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1917:
1915:
1908:The Daily Beast
1902:
1901:
1897:
1888:
1886:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1845:
1843:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1792:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1760:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1742:
1735:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1704:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1688:
1673:
1672:
1668:
1655:
1653:
1646:British History
1640:
1639:
1635:
1628:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1533:
1531:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1443:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1408:
1404:
1391:
1389:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1368:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1341:
1339:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1313:
1311:
1299:
1295:
1294:
1287:
1278:
1276:
1268:
1264:
1263:
1256:
1247:
1245:
1243:Merriam-Webster
1233:
1232:
1225:
1221:
1216:
1127:Amsterdammertje
1122:
1115:
1105:
1096:
1086:
1077:
1070:street clean-up
1066:
1057:
1047:
1038:
1024:
1015:
1012:Bicycle parking
1009:
1000:
990:
981:
967:
958:
947:
938:
928:
919:
906:
897:
887:
878:
863:
854:
844:
835:
821:Paulista Avenue
817:
808:
790:
781:
741:
725:Portland cement
712:
696:
695:
694:
693:
692:
689:
681:
680:
677:
666:
618:
611:
610:used in laying
604:
595:
586:
577:
571:
551:
535:
491:
442:
433:
427:
375:
369:
362:
356:
307:
302:
186:
131:
80:British English
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3542:
3540:
3532:
3531:
3521:
3520:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3505:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3466:
3464:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3435:
3433:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3388:Jersey barrier
3385:
3380:
3375:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3341:
3339:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3319:Unused highway
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3299:Traffic island
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3162:
3160:
3152:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3096:Drowsy driving
3093:
3088:
3082:
3080:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2978:Level crossing
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2924:
2922:
2913:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2800:
2799:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2776:
2771:
2765:
2763:
2757:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2677:Channelization
2674:
2669:
2664:
2662:3-way junction
2658:
2656:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2579:
2577:
2564:
2558:
2556:Road junctions
2552:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2523:
2522:
2520:business route
2517:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2486:
2484:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2471:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2450:
2448:Primitive road
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2319:County highway
2316:
2314:Collector road
2311:
2305:
2303:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2288:United Kingdom
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2223:Czech Republic
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2189:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2156:
2154:
2152:Limited-access
2145:
2139:
2138:
2130:
2128:
2127:
2120:
2113:
2105:
2099:
2098:
2085:
2079:
2066:
2059:
2058:External links
2056:
2054:
2053:
2028:
2015:
1996:
1977:
1975:, 2019), p. 9.
1955:
1925:
1895:
1870:
1855:
1827:
1812:
1780:
1748:
1724:
1693:
1686:
1666:
1633:
1626:
1606:
1589:
1569:
1544:
1515:
1493:
1490:on 2011-11-29.
1469:
1448:
1441:
1415:
1402:
1373:
1366:
1348:
1320:
1285:
1254:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1207:Sidewalk chalk
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1177:Moving walkway
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1109:Cheonggyecheon
1106:
1099:
1097:
1087:
1080:
1078:
1067:
1060:
1058:
1049:A sidewalk in
1048:
1041:
1039:
1025:
1018:
1016:
1010:
1003:
1001:
991:
984:
982:
968:
961:
959:
948:
941:
939:
929:
922:
920:
907:
900:
898:
888:
881:
879:
864:
857:
855:
852:Czech Republic
845:
838:
836:
818:
811:
809:
794:Tactile paving
792:Sidewalk with
791:
784:
780:
777:
745:United Kingdom
740:
737:
711:
708:
690:
683:
682:
678:
671:
670:
669:
668:
667:
665:
662:
617:
614:
613:
612:
605:
598:
596:
587:
580:
578:
572:
565:
550:
547:
534:
531:
490:
487:
467:sidewalk cafés
441:
438:
429:Main article:
426:
423:
368:
365:
360:
355:
352:
348:pedestrianized
306:
305:Transportation
303:
301:
298:
263:Following the
185:
182:
143:United Kingdom
130:
127:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3541:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3497:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3459:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3430:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3398:Noise barrier
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3355:Cable barrier
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3336:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3304:Traffic lanes
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3244:Refuge island
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3209:Living street
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3176:Climbing lane
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3159:
3153:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3113:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3078:Human factors
3075:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3043:Traffic light
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2993:Oversize load
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2983:Manhole cover
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2906:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2814:Crushed stone
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2758:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2697:Michigan left
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2649:Intersections
2645:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2598:Directional T
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2573:
2567:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2515:special route
2513:
2512:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2433:Frontage road
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2309:Arterial road
2307:
2306:
2304:
2300:
2294:
2293:United States
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2153:
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2143:Types of road
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1714:on 2013-12-15
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1367:9780415252256
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555:brick hammers
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274:Purbeck stone
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157:and parts of
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108:planted strip
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37:
33:
19:
3423:Traffic cone
3413:Rumble strip
3314:Truck bypass
3273:
3269:Shared space
3229:Passing lane
3214:Managed lane
3171:Bicycle lane
3053:Washboarding
3048:Traffic sign
2973:Hairpin turn
2742:Texas U-turn
2672:Box junction
2566:Interchanges
2510:Route number
2418:Country lane
2160:Bike freeway
2045:. Retrieved
2031:
2023:
2018:
2009:
2005:
1999:
1990:
1980:
1967:
1958:
1946:. Retrieved
1937:
1928:
1916:. Retrieved
1912:the original
1907:
1898:
1887:. Retrieved
1873:
1864:
1858:
1850:
1844:. Retrieved
1830:
1821:
1815:
1804:. Retrieved
1783:
1772:. Retrieved
1751:
1727:
1716:. Retrieved
1709:the original
1696:
1676:
1669:
1660:
1654:. Retrieved
1645:
1636:
1616:
1609:
1601:
1594:. Retrieved
1579:
1572:
1560:
1547:
1538:
1532:. Retrieved
1528:the original
1518:
1510:the original
1505:
1496:
1488:the original
1481:
1472:
1464:
1451:
1426:
1418:
1410:
1405:
1396:
1390:. Retrieved
1376:
1357:
1351:
1340:. Retrieved
1332:
1323:
1312:. Retrieved
1303:
1277:. Retrieved
1272:
1246:. Retrieved
1238:
1202:Road surface
1197:Public space
1172:Median strip
1026:Sidewalk in
998:South Africa
992:Sidewalk in
969:Sidewalk in
934:, Illinois,
891:Speightstown
867:Wasaga Beach
865:Sidewalk in
769:architecture
742:
733:
729:
721:
704:cobblestones
697:
643:
638:
632:
627:
552:
536:
527:
492:
489:Construction
464:
456:Orchard Road
434:
419:
408:
403:shared space
400:
397:
384:
357:
340:
332:
283:The British
282:
270:cobblestones
262:
253:
231:
224:
214:
165:
163:
155:Philadelphia
132:
112:
87:
83:
75:
63:
61:
44:
3461:Performance
3393:Kassel kerb
3350:Botts' dots
3338:Demarcation
3038:Storm drain
3003:Road debris
2928:Aquaplaning
2921:environment
2909:Road safety
2787:Cobblestone
2737:Superstreet
2542:Winter road
2490:Concurrency
2483:Other terms
2474:Sunken lane
2443:Main street
2388:Local roads
1963:Iain Borden
1948:February 6,
1918:February 6,
1596:18 November
1162:Desire path
1147:Coffeehouse
1142:Cobblestone
951:rain garden
823:tiled with
593:South Korea
440:Social uses
415:pedestrians
392:speed limit
354:Environment
238:pedestrians
234:Middle Ages
129:Terminology
96:pedestrians
3463:indicators
3432:Structures
3383:Guard rail
3259:Road verge
3132:Seat belts
3068:Snowsquall
3033:Speed bump
3013:Road train
2834:Glassphalt
2774:Bioasphalt
2747:Turnaround
2722:Roundabout
2652:(at-grade)
2618:Roundabout
2583:Cloverleaf
2438:Green lane
2374:Trunk road
2302:Main roads
2185:By country
2047:2014-05-21
1973:Bloomsbury
1889:2011-09-17
1846:2011-01-27
1806:2008-03-24
1774:2008-03-24
1718:2012-12-17
1656:2010-04-05
1534:2010-04-02
1392:2010-10-29
1342:2020-10-25
1329:"pavement"
1314:2024-09-20
1279:2024-09-20
1248:2020-10-25
1219:References
1137:Carwalking
955:road verge
848:Kutná Hora
765:inner-city
634:flagstones
543:boardwalks
371:See also:
336:Crosswalks
329:, Finland.
258:Colchester
159:New Jersey
3529:Sidewalks
3254:Road diet
3156:Space and
3101:Road rage
2988:Oil spill
2948:Crosswind
2938:Black ice
2933:Avalanche
2859:Permeable
2692:Jughandle
2687:Hook turn
2593:Free-flow
2537:Toll road
2456:Side road
2413:Boulevard
2369:Super two
2364:Ring road
2339:Link road
2238:Hong Kong
2193:Australia
2135:hierarchy
2012:(9): 652.
1502:"Walkway"
1398:danger...
1167:Flagstone
829:São Paulo
806:Indonesia
773:furniture
749:Australia
658:Gold rush
654:bluestone
650:Australia
646:Melbourne
460:Singapore
411:black ice
294:Pont Neuf
250:21 Jas. 1
3523:Category
3442:Causeway
3279:Shoulder
3115:Vehicles
3063:Whiteout
3023:Rockfall
3018:Roadkill
2943:Bleeding
2919:Road and
2879:Sealcoat
2804:Corduroy
2792:Concrete
2782:Chipseal
2761:Surfaces
2613:Raindrop
2428:Driveway
2423:Dead end
2403:Backroad
2354:2+2 road
2349:2+1 road
2273:Portugal
2263:Pakistan
2091:Archived
2072:Archived
2041:Archived
1942:Archived
1883:Archived
1840:Archived
1797:Archived
1765:Archived
1740:Archived
1650:Archived
1557:Archived
1461:Archived
1386:Archived
1157:Curb cut
1120:See also
1074:New York
971:Nishapur
932:Oak Park
895:Barbados
710:Concrete
495:concrete
344:downtown
300:Benefits
278:Bollards
201:bollards
178:footpath
166:sidewalk
153:such as
119:footpath
84:footpath
76:pavement
64:sidewalk
40:Pavement
32:Footpath
3345:Bollard
3329:Woonerf
3058:Washout
2998:Pothole
2911:factors
2899:Texture
2869:Plastic
2849:Macadam
2638:Trumpet
2588:Diamond
2359:Parkway
2334:Highway
2248:Ireland
2228:Germany
2218:Croatia
2198:Belgium
1867:(1636).
1273:otc.org
871:Ontario
802:Jakarta
779:Gallery
743:In the
589:Cheonan
503:asphalt
479:parking
475:busking
471:markets
452:busking
327:Tampere
226:sēmitae
217:Corinth
184:History
174:Walkway
100:roadway
88:footway
53:Pompeii
18:Footway
3438:Bridge
3122:Airbag
2894:Tarmac
2839:Gravel
2667:Bowtie
2608:Parclo
2532:Stroad
2495:Detour
2470:Street
2398:Avenue
2283:Taiwan
2268:Poland
2233:Greece
2208:Canada
2203:Brazil
1684:
1624:
1587:
1439:
1364:
1094:Taiwan
1090:Taipei
1055:Canada
994:Benoni
957:" zone
917:Russia
913:Moscow
875:Canada
833:Brazil
757:tarmac
753:France
700:pavers
519:rubber
499:tarmac
425:Health
315:London
256:) for
242:wagons
221:Romans
139:Canada
137:&
70:&
2864:Plank
2778:Brick
2628:Stack
2394:Alley
2278:Spain
2258:Nepal
2253:Italy
2243:India
2213:China
1800:(PDF)
1793:(PDF)
1768:(PDF)
1761:(PDF)
1743:(PDF)
1736:(PDF)
1712:(PDF)
1705:(PDF)
1300:(PDF)
1269:(PDF)
1113:Seoul
1076:, US
1028:Omagh
977:near
827:, in
761:urban
759:. In
639:flags
629:Stone
616:Stone
606:Four
549:Brick
523:trass
511:stone
507:brick
473:, or
252:. c.
115:trail
57:Italy
3374:Curb
3205:Lane
2968:Ford
2884:Sett
2824:Dirt
2452:Road
2132:Road
2069:PEDS
1950:2013
1920:2013
1682:ISBN
1622:ISBN
1598:2018
1585:ISBN
1437:ISBN
1362:ISBN
1152:Curb
975:Iran
771:and
751:and
533:Wood
515:slab
240:and
123:park
104:kerb
92:road
3028:Rut
2963:Fog
2844:Ice
1991:CNN
1971:, (
1072:in
796:in
763:or
637:or
485:.)
454:at
135:USA
117:or
82:),
74:),
3525::
2039:.
2008:.
1989:.
1965:,
1940:.
1936:.
1906:.
1849:.
1659:.
1648:.
1644:.
1600:.
1555:.
1537:.
1504:.
1480:.
1459:.
1435:.
1433:90
1395:.
1335:.
1331:.
1306:.
1302:.
1288:^
1271:.
1257:^
1241:.
1237:.
1226:^
1111:,
1092:,
1053:,
1036:UK
1034:,
1030:,
996:,
973:,
936:US
915:,
893:,
873:,
869:,
850:,
831:,
804:,
800:,
775:.
747:,
652:,
648:,
591:,
576:.
561:.
545:.
513:,
509:,
505:,
501:,
469:,
458:,
417:.
359:CO
350:.
272:.
254:34
229:.
195:,
125:.
62:A
55:,
2574:)
2570:(
2124:e
2117:t
2110:v
2050:.
2010:2
1993:.
1952:.
1922:.
1892:.
1809:.
1777:.
1721:.
1690:.
1630:.
1445:.
1370:.
1345:.
1317:.
1282:.
1251:.
361:2
317:.
248:(
78:(
66:(
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20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
