290:
525:
200:
455:
549:
59:
483:
279:
180:
467:
44:
102:
1247:
312:. Most curb is constructed separately from the pavement, and the gutter is formed at the joint between the roadway and the curb. The combined curb and gutter (also called "curb and channel") has a concrete curb and gutter cast together in one piece. "Integral curb" is curbing constructed integrally as a part of the concrete pavement.
849:
To be tripped into a rollover, a vehicle generally must slide into the curb at least partly sideways, so that the leading wheels that are sliding on the road catch on the curb; then the wheels cannot pass over the curb, but if the upper body of the vehicle is moving fast enough, it will continue over
544:
of racing tracks. They are often painted red and white, and are intended to prevent unauthorized short-cuts and keep the racers safely on the track. Although they are not considered part of the racing track, drivers sometimes "ride the curbs" in order to maintain momentum and gain a time advantage in
398:
concrete. The type of material may depend on the type of paving material used for the road and the desired function or need. For example, a
Portland concrete curb used with an asphalt concrete road surface provides a highly visible barrier at the edge of the road surface. Other types of curb material
503:
in to accommodate automobile design because steeper batters tend to interfere with body trim, hubcaps, and lower door edges while curb faces in excess of 6 in (152 mm) in height may prevent the full opening of car doors. Most curb extends down into the ground below the pavement surface, to
364:
In Great
Britain, "high containment kerbs" are used at locations with pedestrians, fuel station pumps, and other areas that need greater protection from vehicle traffic. These are 14 inches (36 cm) high - much higher than standard curb, with a sloped lower portion and a concave face. These are
210:
Curbs may fulfill any or several of a number of functions. By delineating the edge of the pavement, they separate the road from the roadside and discourage drivers from parking or driving on sidewalks and lawns. They also provide structural support to the pavement edge. Curbs can be used to channel
320:
Curbs often have a vertical or nearly-vertical face, also called "barrier", "non-mountable", or "insurmountable curb". A vertical-faced curb is used to discourage motor vehicle drivers from leaving the roadway. The square (90°-edge) or close-to-square type is still almost always used in towns and
269:
Curbs are also meant to inform pedestrians to stop or slow down as they prepare to cross roadways. For example, cultural context and behavioral norms of a society may affect safety in that people are more likely to cross on a red light while standing alone than waiting with others at the curb.
381:
manner to nearly flat again, making it much easier to drive over, and is also known as a "rolled" or "mountable curb" in some localities. These types of curbs are preferred by builders because they are less expensive than installing straight curbs and gutters. They are easier to lay using
255:
into the object the barrier is intended to shield. This is a reason why they are rarely used on rural or high-speed roads. Where a curb is used with a traffic barrier, the barrier should either be close to or well behind the curb, to reduce the chances of a vehicle going over the barrier.
140:(the thoroughfare in the middle was generally cobblestone) and raise them above street level with curbs forming the separation. The corporation was also made responsible for the regular upkeep of the roads, including their cleaning and repair, for which they charged a tax from 1766.
328:
In certain locales, such as
California, there is an effort to standardize the design to achieve efficiencies in construction and lower costs. Trends include using a 24-inch (610 mm) gutter that balances the increased initial price with lower maintenance costs.
368:
Rounded curbs are most often used at driveways, and continuously along suburban residential streets where there are many driveways and the sidewalk has a grassy setback from the street. This type of curbing starts out nearly flat like the road, curves up in a
850:
the curb, so that the vehicle will rotate (roll) on an axis more or less parallel to the curb. The minimum speed for this to happen in a given curb-collision scenario gets lower as the height of the vehicle's center of gravity—including its load—gets higher.
494:
When designing a curbed roadway, engineers specify the "reveal" or "lip". The reveal is the height of the section that is visible (revealed) above the road surface. Typical reveals are in the 4 to 8 inches (100 to 200 mm) range. Curbs at handicapped
147:
had been put up to demarcate the area of the street reserved for pedestrian use. By the late 18th century, this method of separating pedestrians from carriageways had largely been supplanted by the use of curbs. With the introduction of
321:
cities, as it is a straight step down and thus less likely to be tripped-over by pedestrians. By contrast, a slope-faced curb allows motor vehicles to cross it at low speed. Slope-faced curb is most often used on major suburban
289:
716:
410:
A concrete curb may be constructed by setting forms by hand, filling them, letting them set up, and then removing the forms. When large quantities of curb are to be constructed, it is often more efficient to use a
356:
to cross. This makes it easier to traverse for some pedestrians, and especially for those in wheelchairs. Wider curb cuts are also used to allow motor vehicles to cross sidewalks at low speed, typically for
447:
curbs are made by placing blocks over a concrete slip. Then, more concrete is wedged in between the blocks to hold them together. These blocks can be vertical or angled in order to create a mountable curb.
386:
and require less forming as steel templates can be used with only front and back forms needed. Their use also eliminates the need for driveway cuts, curbs, and aprons, thus further reducing costs.
1059:
576:, marking a clear link to Portugal, where the style originated. More explicitly, curbstones can be painted (by official sanction or otherwise) to stress an identity or ideology; for instance, in
221:
Since curbs add to the cost of a road, they are generally limited to urban and suburban areas and are rarely found in rural areas except where certain drainage conditions (such as mountains or
512:
Curbs with integral gutters are used where better hydraulic flow performance is needed. However, this places a longitudinal joint (parallel to the direction of travel) near where
1169:
20.2 Drivers must use the track at all times. For the avoidance of doubt the white lines defining the track edges are considered to be part of the track but the kerbs are not.
454:
723:
247:
A high-speed vehicle that hits a curb may actually turn towards the sidewalk, rather than be directed away from it. A vehicle that strikes a curb can also be tripped into a
437:. It is also chosen for aesthetic reasons. In areas where granite is available, it may be cheaper than concrete curb. One disadvantage of granite curb is that it can cut a
259:
Depending on the area and the distance between the travel lane and the edge of the pavement, an edge line can be used to indicate the outside (shoulder) edge of the road.
129:, their widespread construction and use only began in the 18th century, as a part of the various movements towards city beautification that were attempted in the period.
163:
to facilitate mobility in the center of the city. In the United States, activism and passage of federal legislation on accessibility requirements such as the
516:
often ride. If the main roadway and gutter settle differently over time, the vertical edge that develops at the joint can cause a hazard for bicyclists.
240:
On higher speed roads, the main function of curbs is to provide drainage, and they are mostly used in areas of a bridge approach or other locations with
1341:
1098:
237:
In low-speed environments, curbs are effective at channeling motor vehicle traffic and can provide some redirective capacity for low-speed impacts.
164:
1449:
1394:
1279:
818:
553:
1013:
759:
2659:
788:
1789:
2664:
1779:
1764:
1379:
524:
2641:
2631:
1868:
1759:
1404:
1029:
2690:
2636:
2450:
1975:
1838:
199:
2357:
2247:
1444:
504:
improve their stability over time. The total height, including the buried portion, is often 16 in (406 mm).
308:
There are a number of types of curbs, categorized by shape, material, height, and whether the curb is combined with a
426:. It can be cheaper if it is formed at the same time that a road is paved, but is less durable than a concrete curb.
155:
Curbs present an obstacle for accessibility to physically disabled persons in public spaces. In 1945, Jack Fisher of
499:(or "kerb ramps", for example in Australia) should have no reveal. One of the recommendations has been using a 4/12
1535:
564:
In certain parts of the world, curb design signifies cultural association. For example, in countries of the former
133:
695:
2646:
2465:
1321:
394:
Curbs are constructed of many materials, including asphalt, stone, or masonry blocks, but most often are made of
944:
548:
2626:
2352:
2347:
2322:
1439:
1359:
1272:
466:
2559:
2526:
1863:
1833:
1774:
1739:
1414:
860:
1102:
584:
in communities to identify a religious/political affiliation – typically either red, white, and blue for
132:
A series of Paving Acts in the 18th century, especially the 1766 Paving and
Lighting Act, authorized the
2685:
2521:
1858:
1749:
1349:
35:
31:
2242:
58:
572:, curbs are often distinctively decorated (along with the footpaths more broadly) in a style known as
2564:
2262:
1985:
1883:
1769:
1369:
1354:
1182:
922:
824:. Center for Transportation Research, The University of Texas at Austin. pp. 5–6. Archived from
1153:
2516:
2390:
2109:
2065:
1953:
1805:
1744:
1500:
1485:
1480:
1374:
1308:
1265:
637:
573:
482:
337:
156:
2420:
2234:
2219:
2030:
1965:
1888:
1873:
1818:
1794:
1754:
1722:
1656:
1646:
1617:
1554:
1424:
1389:
1225:
861:"New York State Highway Design Manual Chapter 10: Roadside Design, Guide Rail and Appurtenances"
278:
1251:
1005:
2480:
2293:
2283:
2214:
2164:
1903:
1784:
1622:
1594:
1579:
1564:
1434:
1429:
1419:
1009:
755:
722:. Department of Planning & Transportation – the City of London. April 2005. Archived from
589:
565:
825:
2337:
2099:
2015:
2010:
1925:
1728:
1683:
1525:
1331:
1326:
1217:
997:
898:
668:
577:
416:
404:
248:
225:) make them necessary. Curbs are not universally used, however, even in urban settings (see
204:
125:
Although curbs have been used throughout modern history, and indeed were present in ancient
114:
74:
2574:
2534:
2445:
2435:
2405:
2395:
2380:
2342:
2298:
2124:
2114:
2045:
1661:
1364:
607:
585:
423:
395:
252:
82:
179:
2544:
2506:
2475:
2455:
2440:
2252:
2134:
1676:
1604:
1475:
1470:
1409:
1399:
1291:
612:
532:
In some places curbs are painted to increase visibility or mark a special street side.
500:
353:
260:
2679:
2554:
2511:
2460:
2400:
2365:
2332:
2199:
2149:
2139:
2040:
1970:
1960:
1853:
1823:
1712:
1671:
1589:
1465:
1299:
1229:
998:
581:
444:
309:
283:
226:
192:
184:
137:
975:
2579:
2569:
2470:
2425:
2385:
2375:
2370:
2327:
2209:
2204:
2129:
2055:
2025:
1917:
1898:
1828:
1666:
1574:
1316:
1037:
642:
487:
412:
322:
263:
749:
2549:
2194:
2184:
2159:
2084:
1995:
1943:
1893:
1698:
1630:
1599:
1127:
1004:. American Society of State Highway and Transportation Officials. 2004. p.
903:
886:
647:
627:
617:
602:
400:
294:
212:
188:
106:
90:
63:
47:
Stone curbs and raised sidewalks on both sides of a 2000-year-old paved road in
1101:. New York State Department of Transportation. 7 September 2004. Archived from
43:
2539:
2415:
2288:
2224:
2189:
2169:
2050:
2020:
1990:
1930:
1878:
1530:
1030:"Do I need a tire road hazard warranty? Is a tire warranty worth the expense?"
632:
622:
345:
168:
266:
material can also be applied to the curb itself to make it more conspicuous.
218:
There is also an aesthetic aspect, in that curbs look formal and "finished".
152:
in the early 19th-century, curbs became ubiquitous in the streets of London.
2410:
2257:
2144:
2104:
2094:
2089:
1980:
1848:
1843:
1693:
1612:
1569:
1520:
1510:
1505:
1495:
434:
349:
333:
1221:
101:
1246:
370:
2603:
2598:
2430:
2179:
2174:
2035:
2000:
1948:
1938:
1584:
1559:
1384:
541:
496:
383:
358:
341:
160:
86:
378:
2501:
2485:
2312:
2154:
2005:
1515:
1490:
1183:"Bonfires, Flags, Identity and Cultural Traditions in Northern Ireland"
513:
430:
298:
241:
222:
149:
144:
126:
110:
48:
2608:
2278:
1688:
1651:
569:
302:
118:
17:
251:
crash or vaulted into the air. The vehicle could be vaulted over a
1099:"New York State Highway Design Manual Chapter 3: Typical Sections"
547:
523:
481:
374:
288:
277:
198:
178:
100:
57:
52:
42:
1327:
Dual carriageway / Divided highway / Expressway
1257:
1208:
Abshire, Jean E. (2003). "Northern
Ireland's Politics in Paint".
1288:
789:"Smashing barriers to access: Disability activism and curb cuts"
540:
In auto racing, curbs are flat curbstones lining the corners or
438:
1261:
136:
to create footways along the streets of London, pave them with
2119:
1060:"Chapter 4: Ramps and Curb Ramps - United States Access Board"
460:
Metal forms before the concrete is poured and finished by hand
1087:. New York State Department of Transportation. 1 August 2009.
819:"Optimized Design of Concrete Curb under Off Tracking Loads"
419:
at a central location and trucked to the construction site.
159:, celebrated the installation of one of the nation's first
885:
Olszewski, Piotr; Osińska, Beata; Zielińska, Anna (2016).
748:
Loukaitou-Sideris, Anastasia; Ehrenfeucht, Renia (2009).
696:"Purpose Of Road Curbs | Asphalt Paving | Toronto Paver"
1159:. Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile. p. 9
1181:
Devine, Paula; Robinson, Gillian (11 December 2017).
751:
1000:
A Policy on
Geometric Design of Highways and Streets
2617:
2588:
2494:
2311:
2271:
2233:
2075:
2064:
1916:
1803:
1720:
1711:
1639:
1544:
1458:
1340:
1307:
1298:
1085:
Standard Sheet 603.01 - Stone Curb and
Granite Curb
211:runoff water from rain or melted snow and ice into
945:""Trief" safety curb introduced to United Kingdom"
817:Suh, Chul; Ha, Soojun; Won, Moon (December 2008).
344:are used to allow small wheeled vehicles such as
887:"Pedestrian Safety at Traffic Signals in Warsaw"
62:A curb with the street name on the sidewalk in
978:. American Planning Association. February 1957
970:
968:
966:
1273:
863:. New York State Department of Transportation
195:ramp between roadway and pedestrian sidewalk
8:
1122:
1120:
880:
878:
812:
810:
808:
806:
2072:
1717:
1304:
1280:
1266:
1258:
916:
914:
782:
780:
778:
902:
301:to separate vehicles from pedestrians in
588:areas, and green, white, and orange for
660:
450:
165:Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
2376:Median / Central reservation
791:. National Museum of American History
7:
669:"Conversation: Rush Hour in Pompeii"
490:a concrete curb with integral gutter
422:Asphalt curb is usually made with a
415:casting machine. Curbs can also be
2294:Risk compensation (road transport)
554:Suzuka International Racing Course
282:Old sidewalk with granite curb in
203:A high curb designed for boarding
167:(ADA) have facilitated travel for
27:Edge where a sidewalk meets a road
25:
717:"City street scene manual Part 2"
93:meets a street or other roadway.
2660:Glossary of road transport terms
1245:
891:Transportation Research Procedia
787:Peterson, Julie (15 July 2015).
465:
453:
105:Pedestrian area separated from
91:road median/central reservation
1154:"2015 F1 Sporting Regulations"
433:, is durable and resistant to
1:
2642:Pavement performance modeling
2632:International roughness index
365:also known as "trief" curbs.
85:) is the edge where a raised
2637:Present serviceability index
2431:Sidewalk / Pavement
1976:Diamond grinding of pavement
1189:. Queen's University Belfast
472:Hand forming at catch basins
429:Stone curb, often made from
2609:Underpass / Tunnel
2604:Overpass / Flyover
2358:High-occupancy vehicle lane
2248:Driving under the influence
1322:Freeway / Motorway
904:10.1016/j.trpro.2016.05.188
293:Modern use of stone curbs,
2707:
1536:Highway systems by country
976:"Sidewalks in the Suburbs"
949:Highway Research Abstracts
648:Wheel chock#Parking chocks
134:City of London Corporation
29:
2655:
2647:Granular base equivalency
2466:Traffic signal preemption
1874:Right-in/right-out (RIRO)
1780:Single-point urban (SPUI)
1187:Queen's Policy Engagement
754:. MIT Press. p. 16.
650:—Curbs for parking spaces
143:Previously, small wooden
2627:Pavement condition index
2353:High-occupancy toll lane
2348:Contraflow lane reversal
2323:Barrier transfer machine
377:, then curves back in a
171:users and other people.
1481:Express-collector setup
2665:Road types by features
2560:Raised pavement marker
2527:Constant-slope barrier
2451:Traffic directionality
2441:Street running railway
1864:Protected intersection
1222:10.1080/10402650307612
921:Malloch, R.S. (1958).
556:
529:
491:
441:if it is rough-faced.
305:
286:
207:
196:
122:
66:
55:
2522:Concrete step barrier
1859:Offset T-intersection
1128:"Kerbs are important"
923:"Uniform Curb Design"
551:
527:
485:
399:include stone slabs,
292:
281:
202:
182:
104:
61:
46:
36:Kerb (disambiguation)
32:Curb (disambiguation)
2565:Road surface marking
2263:Single-vehicle crash
1986:Full depth recycling
1884:Seagull intersection
1254:at Wikimedia Commons
1064:www.access-board.gov
925:. The Aberdeen Group
560:Cultural identifiers
354:prams, and strollers
338:pedestrian crossings
30:For other uses, see
2691:Road infrastructure
2391:Pedestrian crossing
1954:Reinforced concrete
1790:Three-level diamond
1501:Two-lane expressway
1486:Farm-to-market road
1105:on 13 November 2014
1034:www.repairtrust.com
729:on 15 December 2013
638:Kerbside collection
574:Portuguese pavement
403:, and manufactured
373:manner to a gentle
157:Kalamazoo, Michigan
2421:Runaway truck ramp
2243:Driver's education
2031:Rubberized asphalt
1966:Crocodile cracking
1889:Split intersection
1657:Hierarchy of roads
1618:Single carriageway
1040:on 11 October 2011
582:frequently painted
557:
530:
492:
306:
297:, and planters as
287:
208:
197:
123:
67:
56:
2673:
2672:
2481:Wide outside lane
2307:
2306:
2284:Automotive safety
2165:Road slipperiness
1912:
1911:
1760:Diverging diamond
1707:
1706:
1623:Single-track road
1565:Bicycle boulevard
1250:Media related to
586:Unionist/Loyalist
580:, curbstones are
566:Portuguese Empire
536:Auto racing curbs
528:Blue curb marking
340:, narrow dropped
16:(Redirected from
2698:
2517:Cat's eye (road)
2338:Complete streets
2110:Dead Man's Curve
2073:
2011:Pavement milling
1926:Asphalt concrete
1869:Quadrant roadway
1810:
1732:
1718:
1684:Street hierarchy
1332:Elevated highway
1305:
1282:
1275:
1268:
1259:
1249:
1234:
1233:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1164:
1158:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1124:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1036:. Archived from
1026:
1020:
1019:
1003:
994:
988:
987:
985:
983:
972:
961:
960:
958:
956:
941:
935:
934:
932:
930:
918:
909:
908:
906:
882:
873:
872:
870:
868:
857:
851:
847:
841:
840:
838:
836:
831:on 10 April 2019
830:
823:
814:
801:
800:
798:
796:
784:
773:
772:
770:
768:
745:
739:
738:
736:
734:
728:
721:
713:
707:
706:
704:
702:
691:
685:
684:
682:
680:
665:
578:Northern Ireland
469:
457:
205:transit vehicles
115:East India House
113:in front of the
75:American English
21:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2676:
2675:
2674:
2669:
2651:
2619:
2613:
2584:
2575:Traffic barrier
2535:F-Shape barrier
2490:
2446:Traffic calming
2406:Reversible lane
2396:Pedestrian zone
2381:Motorcycle lane
2343:Contraflow lane
2315:time allocation
2314:
2303:
2299:Underride guard
2267:
2229:
2115:Expansion joint
2077:
2067:
2060:
2046:Stamped asphalt
1908:
1839:Continuous flow
1812:
1808:
1807:
1799:
1733:
1729:grade-separated
1726:
1725:
1703:
1662:Private highway
1635:
1540:
1454:
1336:
1294:
1286:
1242:
1237:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1192:
1190:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1137:
1135:
1126:
1125:
1118:
1108:
1106:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1068:
1066:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1043:
1041:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1016:
996:
995:
991:
981:
979:
974:
973:
964:
954:
952:
943:
942:
938:
928:
926:
920:
919:
912:
884:
883:
876:
866:
864:
859:
858:
854:
848:
844:
834:
832:
828:
821:
816:
815:
804:
794:
792:
786:
785:
776:
766:
764:
762:
747:
746:
742:
732:
730:
726:
719:
715:
714:
710:
700:
698:
693:
692:
688:
678:
676:
675:. November 2008
673:Archaeology.org
667:
666:
662:
658:
653:
608:Curb cut effect
598:
562:
538:
522:
510:
508:Integral gutter
480:
473:
470:
461:
458:
396:Portland cement
392:
318:
276:
261:Retroreflective
253:traffic barrier
235:
183:A modern curb,
177:
99:
83:British English
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2704:
2702:
2694:
2693:
2688:
2678:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2623:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2592:
2590:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2545:Jersey barrier
2542:
2537:
2532:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2498:
2496:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2476:Unused highway
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2456:Traffic island
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2319:
2317:
2309:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2275:
2273:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2253:Drowsy driving
2250:
2245:
2239:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2135:Level crossing
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2081:
2079:
2070:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1933:
1928:
1922:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1834:Channelization
1831:
1826:
1821:
1819:3-way junction
1815:
1813:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1736:
1734:
1721:
1715:
1713:Road junctions
1709:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1677:business route
1674:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1643:
1641:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1628:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1607:
1605:Primitive road
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1476:County highway
1473:
1471:Collector road
1468:
1462:
1460:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1445:United Kingdom
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1380:Czech Republic
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1346:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1313:
1311:
1309:Limited-access
1302:
1296:
1295:
1287:
1285:
1284:
1277:
1270:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1241:
1240:External links
1238:
1236:
1235:
1200:
1173:
1145:
1116:
1090:
1076:
1051:
1021:
1014:
989:
962:
936:
910:
874:
852:
842:
802:
774:
760:
740:
708:
694:BreezeMaxWeb.
686:
659:
657:
654:
652:
651:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
613:Curb extension
610:
605:
599:
597:
594:
561:
558:
537:
534:
521:
518:
509:
506:
479:
476:
475:
474:
471:
464:
462:
459:
452:
424:paving machine
391:
388:
317:
314:
275:
272:
234:
231:
176:
173:
98:
95:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2703:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2654:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2616:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2587:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2555:Noise barrier
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2512:Cable barrier
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2493:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2461:Traffic lanes
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2401:Refuge island
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2366:Living street
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2333:Climbing lane
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2310:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2270:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2235:Human factors
2232:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2200:Traffic light
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2150:Oversize load
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2140:Manhole cover
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2063:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1971:Crushed stone
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1854:Michigan left
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1806:Intersections
1802:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1755:Directional T
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1730:
1724:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1672:special route
1670:
1669:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1638:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1590:Frontage road
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1466:Arterial road
1464:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1451:
1450:United States
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1300:Types of road
1297:
1293:
1290:
1283:
1278:
1276:
1271:
1269:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1253:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1204:
1201:
1188:
1184:
1177:
1174:
1170:
1155:
1149:
1146:
1134:. 5 June 2002
1133:
1132:f1network.net
1129:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1104:
1100:
1094:
1091:
1086:
1080:
1077:
1065:
1061:
1055:
1052:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1025:
1022:
1017:
1015:9781560512639
1011:
1007:
1002:
1001:
993:
990:
977:
971:
969:
967:
963:
950:
946:
940:
937:
924:
917:
915:
911:
905:
900:
897:: 1174–1182.
896:
892:
888:
881:
879:
875:
862:
856:
853:
846:
843:
827:
820:
813:
811:
809:
807:
803:
790:
783:
781:
779:
775:
763:
761:9780262123075
757:
753:
752:
744:
741:
725:
718:
712:
709:
697:
690:
687:
674:
670:
664:
661:
655:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
633:Kerb guidance
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
600:
595:
593:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
559:
555:
552:Curbs at the
550:
546:
543:
535:
533:
526:
519:
517:
515:
507:
505:
502:
498:
489:
486:This machine
484:
477:
468:
463:
456:
451:
449:
446:
445:Belgian block
442:
440:
439:tire sidewall
436:
435:de-icing salt
432:
427:
425:
420:
418:
414:
408:
406:
402:
397:
389:
387:
385:
380:
376:
372:
366:
362:
360:
355:
351:
348:, children's
347:
343:
339:
335:
330:
326:
324:
323:thoroughfares
315:
313:
311:
304:
300:
296:
291:
285:
280:
274:Types of curb
273:
271:
267:
265:
262:
257:
254:
250:
245:
243:
238:
232:
230:
228:
227:living street
224:
219:
216:
214:
206:
201:
194:
193:accessibility
190:
186:
181:
174:
172:
170:
166:
162:
158:
153:
151:
150:macadam roads
146:
141:
139:
138:Purbeck stone
135:
130:
128:
120:
116:
112:
108:
103:
96:
94:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
65:
60:
54:
50:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
2686:Road hazards
2580:Traffic cone
2570:Rumble strip
2471:Truck bypass
2426:Shared space
2386:Passing lane
2371:Managed lane
2328:Bicycle lane
2210:Washboarding
2205:Traffic sign
2130:Hairpin turn
1899:Texas U-turn
1829:Box junction
1723:Interchanges
1667:Route number
1575:Country lane
1317:Bike freeway
1213:
1210:Peace Review
1209:
1203:
1191:. Retrieved
1186:
1176:
1168:
1161:. Retrieved
1148:
1136:. Retrieved
1131:
1107:. Retrieved
1103:the original
1093:
1084:
1079:
1067:. Retrieved
1063:
1054:
1042:. Retrieved
1038:the original
1033:
1024:
999:
992:
980:. Retrieved
953:. Retrieved
948:
939:
927:. Retrieved
894:
890:
865:. Retrieved
855:
845:
833:. Retrieved
826:the original
793:. Retrieved
765:. Retrieved
750:
743:
731:. Retrieved
724:the original
711:
699:. Retrieved
689:
677:. Retrieved
672:
663:
643:Road surface
563:
539:
531:
511:
493:
443:
428:
421:
409:
393:
367:
363:
331:
327:
319:
307:
268:
264:road marking
258:
246:
239:
236:
220:
217:
213:storm drains
209:
154:
142:
131:
124:
78:
70:
68:
40:
2618:Performance
2550:Kassel kerb
2507:Botts' dots
2495:Demarcation
2195:Storm drain
2160:Road debris
2085:Aquaplaning
2078:environment
2066:Road safety
1944:Cobblestone
1894:Superstreet
1699:Winter road
1647:Concurrency
1640:Other terms
1631:Sunken lane
1600:Main street
1545:Local roads
1193:12 February
701:23 December
628:Kassel kerb
618:Curb feeler
603:Curb appeal
590:Nationalist
545:cornering.
401:cobblestone
346:wheelchairs
295:cobblestone
189:storm drain
107:carriageway
64:New Orleans
2680:Categories
2620:indicators
2589:Structures
2540:Guard rail
2416:Road verge
2289:Seat belts
2225:Snowsquall
2190:Speed bump
2170:Road train
1991:Glassphalt
1931:Bioasphalt
1904:Turnaround
1879:Roundabout
1809:(at-grade)
1775:Roundabout
1740:Cloverleaf
1595:Green lane
1531:Trunk road
1459:Main roads
1342:By country
1216:(2): 149.
1044:12 October
951:: 27. 1963
656:References
623:Curb stomp
568:, such as
514:bicyclists
488:slip casts
336:and other
334:crosswalks
284:Kutná Hora
169:wheelchair
2411:Road diet
2313:Space and
2258:Road rage
2145:Oil spill
2105:Crosswind
2095:Black ice
2090:Avalanche
2016:Permeable
1849:Jughandle
1844:Hook turn
1750:Free-flow
1694:Toll road
1613:Side road
1570:Boulevard
1526:Super two
1521:Ring road
1496:Link road
1395:Hong Kong
1350:Australia
1292:hierarchy
1230:144518913
679:21 August
497:curb cuts
413:slip form
359:driveways
350:tricycles
342:curb cuts
191:, and an
161:curb cuts
2599:Causeway
2436:Shoulder
2272:Vehicles
2220:Whiteout
2180:Rockfall
2175:Roadkill
2100:Bleeding
2076:Road and
2036:Sealcoat
1961:Corduroy
1949:Concrete
1939:Chipseal
1918:Surfaces
1770:Raindrop
1585:Driveway
1580:Dead end
1560:Backroad
1511:2+2 road
1506:2+1 road
1430:Portugal
1420:Pakistan
1163:3 August
1138:3 August
1109:3 August
982:28 March
955:3 August
929:28 March
867:3 August
835:28 March
795:28 March
767:3 August
733:3 August
596:See also
542:chicanes
390:Material
384:concrete
299:bollards
249:rollover
223:culverts
175:Function
145:bollards
111:bollards
87:sidewalk
2502:Bollard
2486:Woonerf
2215:Washout
2155:Pothole
2068:factors
2056:Texture
2026:Plastic
2006:Macadam
1795:Trumpet
1745:Diamond
1516:Parkway
1491:Highway
1405:Ireland
1385:Germany
1375:Croatia
1355:Belgium
592:areas.
431:granite
417:precast
371:concave
242:erosion
127:Pompeii
109:by six
97:History
49:Pompeii
2595:Bridge
2279:Airbag
2051:Tarmac
1996:Gravel
1824:Bowtie
1765:Parclo
1689:Stroad
1652:Detour
1627:Street
1555:Avenue
1440:Taiwan
1425:Poland
1390:Greece
1365:Canada
1360:Brazil
1228:
1069:3 June
1012:
758:
570:Brazil
501:batter
478:Height
405:pavers
379:convex
310:gutter
303:Warsaw
244:risk.
233:Safety
185:gutter
121:, 1766
119:London
2021:Plank
1935:Brick
1785:Stack
1551:Alley
1435:Spain
1415:Nepal
1410:Italy
1400:India
1370:China
1252:Kerbs
1226:S2CID
1157:(PDF)
829:(PDF)
822:(PDF)
727:(PDF)
720:(PDF)
520:Paint
375:slope
316:Shape
77:) or
53:Italy
2531:Curb
2362:Lane
2125:Ford
2041:Sett
1981:Dirt
1609:Road
1289:Road
1195:2019
1165:2015
1140:2015
1111:2015
1071:2019
1046:2011
1010:ISBN
984:2018
957:2015
931:2018
869:2015
837:2018
797:2018
769:2015
756:ISBN
735:2015
703:2021
681:2016
79:kerb
71:curb
34:and
18:Kerb
2185:Rut
2120:Fog
2001:Ice
1218:doi
1006:319
899:doi
332:At
229:).
117:in
89:or
2682::
1224:.
1214:15
1212:.
1185:.
1167:.
1130:.
1119:^
1062:.
1032:.
1008:.
965:^
947:.
913:^
895:14
893:.
889:.
877:^
805:^
777:^
671:.
407:.
361:.
352:,
325:.
215:.
187:,
69:A
51:,
1731:)
1727:(
1281:e
1274:t
1267:v
1232:.
1220::
1197:.
1142:.
1113:.
1073:.
1048:.
1018:.
986:.
959:.
933:.
907:.
901::
871:.
839:.
799:.
771:.
737:.
705:.
683:.
81:(
73:(
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
