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571:. On 17 August 1792, a Revolutionary decree ordered evacuation of all monasteries, to be completed by 1 October 1792. At that time, there were still some 200 nuns and a small community of monks in residence at Fontevraud. The last abbess, Julie Sophie Charlotte de Pardaillan d'Antin, is said to have died in poverty in Paris in 1797. The abbey became a prison in 1804.
34:
574:
The prison was planned to hold 1,000 prisoners and the former abbey required major changes, including new barracks in addition to the transformation of monastic buildings into dormitories, workshops, and common areas. Prisoners—men, women and children—began arriving in 1814. Eventually it held some
422:
and appointed him an apostolic missionary, authorizing him to preach anywhere. His preaching drew large crowds of devoted followers, both men and women, even lepers. As a result, many men wished to embrace the religious life, and he sent these to his abbey. When the canons of that house objected to
535:
With the passing of the
Plantagenet dynasty, Fontevrault and her dependencies began to fall upon hard times. At the end of the 12th century, the Abbess of Fontevrault, Matilda of Flanders (1189–1194), complained about the extreme poverty which the abbey was suffering. As a result, in 1247 the nuns
594:, and a major restoration was undertaken. In 1975 the Centre culturel de l'Ouest was formed to preserve the abbey and promote it as a cultural venue. The complex was opened to the public in 1985. Restoration of the abbey church according to the earlier restoration under the architect
477:, the monks and nuns of the Order of Fontevrault followed the same Rule. In his Rule, Robert dealt with four principal points: silence, good works, food and clothing, encouraging the utmost in simplicity of life and dress. He directed that the
946:. However, there is no remaining corporal presence of Henry, Eleanor, Richard, or the others on the site. Their remains were possibly destroyed during the French Revolution. The bodies of the French monarchs were likewise removed from the
402:, where he practiced a life of severe penance, together with a number of other men who went on to found major monastic institutions. His eloquence and asceticism attracted many followers, for whom in 1096 he founded a monastery of
398:, carrying out the reformist agenda of its bishop. When the bishop died in 1095, Robert was driven out of the diocese due to the hostility of the local clergy. He then became a hermit in the forest of
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359:
1519:
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were permitted to receive inheritances to provide income for their needs, contrary to monastic custom. The fragile economic basis of the Order was exacerbated by the devastation of the
1903:
1010:
1102:
439:. This practice had been widely condemned by Church authorities, however, and under pressure the community soon segregated according to gender, with the monks living in small
1347:
1244:
MĂĽller, Annalena (2014), Forming and Re-Forming
Fontevraud. Monasticism, Geopolitics, and the Querelle des Frères (c. 1100–1643), doctoral dissertation, Yale University 2014.
1761:
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508:, made the abbey her place of residence. Abbess Louise de Bourbon left her crest on many of the alterations to the abbey building which she made during her term of office.
1908:
2261:
1315:
1792:
1647:
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The first permanent structures were built between 1110 and 1119. The area where the Abbey is located was then part of what is sometimes referred to as the
1715:
1840:
617:
2072:
1995:
1990:
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The complex of monastic buildings served as a prison from 1804 to 1963. Since 1975, it has hosted a cultural centre, the Centre
Culturel de l'Ouest.
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718:
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should never be chosen from among those who had been brought up at
Fontevrault, but that she should be someone who had had experience of the world (
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1931:
1926:
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1888:
1710:
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291:, in which the community consisted of both men and women — in separate quarters of the abbey — all of whom were subject to the authority of the
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where he established a monastic community. Initially the men and women lived together in the same house, in an ancient ascetic practice called
222:
1682:
1534:
795:
1217:
Mews, Constant J. (2006). "Negotiating the
Boundaries of Gender in Religious Life: Robert of Arbrissel and Hersende, Abelard and Heloise".
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1637:
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1985:
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1524:
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Royal Abbey of
Fontevraud and the famous Gisants (painted tomb effigies) of Eleanor of Aquitaine, King Henry II and King Richard I
853:
367:
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1975:
1802:
1667:
1657:
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287:. The foundation flourished and became the centre of a new monastic Order, the Order of Fontevraud. This order was composed of
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Fontevrault et ses monuments; ou histoire de cette royale abbaye depuis sa fondation jusqu'à sa suppression, 1100–1793
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of
Fontevraud. The Abbey of Fontevraud itself consisted of four separate communities, all managed by the same abbess.
2453:
2358:
1898:
1825:
1672:
1539:
1428:
1285:; by the Religious of Sainte-Marie-de-Fontevrault-de-Boulaur (afterwards at Vera in Navarre). 3 vols. Auch, 1911–15
684:
591:
314:, were all buried here at the end of the 12th century. It was seized and disestablished as a monastery during the
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1965:
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91:
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of fifty of the priories of the Order in 1460 showed most of them to be barely occupied, if not abandoned.
2399:
2158:
1756:
1199:
Vincent, Nicholas (2007). "The Court of Henry II". In Harper-Bill, Christopher; Vincent, Nicholas (eds.).
983:
described the experiences of a thirty-year-old prisoner at
Fontevraud in his semi-autobiographical novel,
272:
195:
2176:
1970:
1952:
1820:
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1085:"Reigning Abbess Julie Sophie Charlotte de Pardaillan d'Antin of the Royal Abbey of Fontevraud (France)"
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137:
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485:). This latter injunction was observed only in the case of the first two abbesses and was canceled by
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133:
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1191:. A Donation of Fernando III to a Nun of Fontevraud”. In Holt, Edward L.; Witcombe, Teresa (eds.).
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579:" (also a former abbey). Political prisoners were subjected to the harshest conditions. Under the
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1387:
1369:
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where they lived in community in service to the nuns and under their rule. Sometime before 1106,
423:
the influx of candidates of lower social states, he resigned his office and left the community.
601:
The order was revived by Mme Rose in 1806 as one for women only and following a modified rule.
1882:
1705:
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584:
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in 1201. At the time of Robert's death in 1117, there were about 3,000 nuns in the community.
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315:
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1941:
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1226:
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896:
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632:
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were sent to the abbey to be raised. Each was brought up at the abbey until the age of 15.
1595:
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1015:
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2,000 prisoners, earning the prison the reputation of being the "toughest in France after
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455:
62:
379:
748:
Louise-Françoise de
Rochechouart de Mortemart (1704–1742), niece of the previous abbess
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299:
280:
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329:, between Chalonnes-sur-Loire and Sully-sur-Loire within the Loire-Anjou-Touraine
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2500:
Philip was the first
Bourbon king of Spain, the country's present ruling house.
1320:
1230:
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1577:
1408:
989:, although there is no evidence that Genet was ever imprisoned there himself.
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1310:
237:
224:
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1549:
268:
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1936:
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were great benefactors of the abbey and while Isabella d'Anjou was the
98:
2303:
Louis had no children; he died aged 10 in 1795. His uncle, the future
458:. Robert, who soon resumed his life of itinerant preaching, appointed
552:
Due to financial pressures the youngest four of the six daughters of
497:
478:
419:
292:
276:
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Robert wrote a brief Rule of Life for the community, based upon the
1325:
450:
They were recognized as a religious community in 1106, both by the
1321:
Abbaye Royale de Fontevraud, lot picture about gisants, in French
1171:
Center for the Study of Material & Visual Cultures of Religion
616:
608:
411:
1193:
The Sword and the Cross. Castile-LeĂłn in the Era of Fernando III
431:
Around 1100 Robert and his followers settled in a valley called
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2210:
2021:
1736:
1575:
1367:
1329:
1300:
1210:
The White Nuns: Cistercian Abbeys for Women in Medieval France
1295:
1001:), a French film released in 1945, was filmed at the abbey.
667:
Alice of Bourbon (1208–1209) daughter of the previous abbess
2307:, proclaimed himself regent but both titles were disputed.
462:
to lead the community. Later her assistant, Petronilla of
1434:
Henrietta Maria, Queen of England, Ireland and Scotland
1530:Élisabeth Marguerite, Duchess of Alençon and Angoulême
1492:
Gabrielle Angelique, Duchess of La Valette and Epernon
2536:
Christian monasteries established in the 12th century
1011:
History of medieval Arabic and Western European domes
670:
Adele (or Alice) of Brittany (1209–1218) daughter of
638:
Audeburge of Hautes-Bruyères (1155–1180) She founded
473:. Unlike the other monastic orders characterized by
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1401:
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1306:
Fontevraud Royal Abbey on Google Cultural Institute
918:The abbey was originally the site of the graves of
283:. It was founded in 1101 by the itinerant preacher
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53:
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964:, daughter of Louis XV, is also buried here.
1225:. CMRS Center for Early Global Studies: 113-148.
1167:"The Revolutionary Exhumations at St-Denis, 1793"
754:Julie-Gillette de Pardaillan d'Antin (1765–1792)
447:gave a significant property gift to the abbey.
540:, which lasted throughout the 14th century. A
1762:Françoise d'Aubigné, Marchioness of Maintenon
1341:
1283:Histoire de l'ordre de Fontevrault, 1100–1908
1129:The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church
8:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
613:Abbess Gabrielle de Rochechouart (1645–1704)
19:
1525:Marguerite Louise, Grand Duchess of Tuscany
1165:Lindsay, Suzanne Glover (18 October 2014).
950:in 1793 by order of the French government.
813:View of choir, ambulatory, and choir chapel
466:, was elected as the first abbess in 1115.
2389:
2376:
2348:
2335:
2292:
2279:
2220:
2207:
2042:Maria Carolina Sophia Felicity Leszczyńska
2031:
2018:
1746:
1733:
1585:
1572:
1377:
1364:
1348:
1334:
1326:
335:Parc naturel régional Loire-Anjou-Touraine
18:
1520:Anne Marie Louise, Duchess of Montpensier
1131:. London: Oxford University Press; p. 512
1976:Maria Teresa Rafaela, Dauphine of France
1846:Louise Marie Anne, Mademoiselle de Tours
1683:Élisabeth Charlotte, Duchess of Lorraine
1105:. l'Abbaye de Fontevraud. Archived from
971:
733:Louise de Bourbon de Lavedan (1611–1637)
563:. In November 1789, all property of the
510:
378:
366:
358:
16:Monastery in Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, France
2433:Marie Thérèse, Mademoiselle d'Angoulême
1904:Louise Françoise, Mademoiselle du Maine
1275:Édouard (pseud. of A. Biron) (1873–74)
1140:
1028:
865:
822:
767:
683:Alice of Blois (1228–1244) daughter of
661:Marie of Burgundy (1207–1208) widow of
2454:Louise Marie Thérèse, Duchess of Parma
1480:Catherine Henriette, Duchess of Elbeuf
1152:
1103:"Transformation de l'Abbaye en Prison"
743:Gabrielle de Rochechouart de Mortemart
621:Abbess Julie de Pardaillan (1725–1797)
2119:Princess Marie Therèse, Madame Royale
1793:Princess Marie Therèse, Madame Royale
1648:Princess Marie Therèse, Madame Royale
1535:Françoise Madeleine, Duchess of Savoy
1079:
1077:
257:Royal Abbey of Our Lady of Fontevraud
7:
2231:Archduchess Maria Antonia of Austria
1909:Louis Jean Marie, Duke of Penthièvre
1841:Louise Françoise, Duchess of Bourbon
1499:Jeanne Baptiste, Abess of Fontevraud
1068:
1050:
1048:
751:Marie-Louise de Timbrone (1753–1765)
2247:Marie-Thérèse, Duchess of Angoulême
2001:Louis Alexandre, Prince of Lamballe
1986:Maria Antonietta, Queen of Sardinia
1966:Mariana VĂctoria, Queen of Portugal
1851:Françoise Marie, Duchess of Orléans
1596:Infanta Ana Maria Mauricia of Spain
1449:Henri, Duke of Beaumont (1551–1553)
1212:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
559:The Order was dispersed during the
2083:Marie Adélaïde, Duchess of Louvois
2058:Louise Élisabeth, Duchess of Parma
1856:Louis Alexandre, Count of Toulouse
1270:Histoire de l'ordre de Fontevrault
1208:Berman, Constance Hoffman (2018).
942:, wife of Henry and Eleanor's son
14:
2359:Princess Marie Joséphine of Savoy
1678:Philippe Charles, Duke of Orléans
1504:Marie Henriette, Abess of Chelles
1452:Louis, Count of Marle (1555–1557)
956:, granddaughter of Louis XIV and
2429:Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry
2416:Louis Antoine, Duke of AngoulĂŞme
1996:Marie Louise Élisabeth d'Alençon
1668:Philippe Charles, Duke of Valois
904:
895:
886:
877:
868:
852:
843:
834:
825:
806:
794:
782:
770:
32:
2252:Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France
2186:Philippe, Duke of Narbonne-Lara
1894:Louis Auguste, Prince of Dombes
1798:Philippe Charles, Duke of Anjou
1653:Philippe Charles, Duke of Anjou
1484:Alexandre, Chevalier de VendĂ´me
1272:. Angers, 1586; and Paris, 1643
730:Éléonore de Bourbon (1575–1611)
703:Marguerite de Pocey (1284–1304)
655:Matilda of Flanders (1189–1194)
49:Abbey of Our Lady of Fontevraud
26:Abbaye Notre-Dame de Fontevraud
2531:1100s establishments in France
2182:Agathe Louise de Saint-Antoine
1459:Catherine, Duchess of Lorraine
1424:Nicolas Henri, Duke of Orléans
1249:L'abbaye royale de Fontevrault
694:Mabile of La Ferté (1244–1265)
658:Matilda of Bohemia (1194–1207)
649:Gilles or Gillette (1180–1189)
1:
2526:1101 establishments in Europe
2316:Bourbon Restoration in France
2190:Louis, comte de Narbonne-Lara
1821:Marie Anne, Princess of Conti
1803:Louis François, Duke of Anjou
1757:Infanta MarĂa Teresa of Spain
1673:Anne Marie, Queen of Sardinia
1658:Louis François, Duke of Anjou
1311:Catholic Encyclopedia article
1256:The royal abbey of Fontevraud
1201:Henry II: New Interpretations
727:Louise de Bourbon (1534–1575)
715:Marie of Brittany (1457–1477)
587:prisoners were shot there.
548:Later history and suppression
321:The Abbey is situated in the
168:Historic monument of France,
2154:Clothilde, Queen of Sardinia
1861:Louise, Baroness of La Queue
1831:Louis Auguste, Duke of Maine
1663:Marie Louise, Queen of Spain
1195:. Leiden: Brill, p. 105-139.
724:Renée de Bourbon (1491–1534)
590:In 1963 it was given to the
410:, of which he was the first
331:French regional natural park
160:Cultural Center & Museum
126:Important associated figures
2486:Infante or Infanta of Spain
2103:Princess Louise (1737–1787)
2068:Princess Louise (1728–1733)
1836:Louis CĂ©sar, Count of Vexin
1545:Jean Gaston, Duke of Valois
1419:Christine, Duchess of Savoy
1018:– Daughter house in England
954:Henriette Louise de Bourbon
697:Jeanne de Dreux (1265–1276)
676:Odo II, Viscount of Porhoët
672:Bertha, Duchess of Brittany
2562:
2093:Sophie, Duchess of Louvois
1899:Louis Charles, Count of Eu
1826:Louis, Count of Vermandois
1231:10.1484/J.VIATOR.2.3017481
962:Princess Thérèse of France
737:Jeanne-Baptiste de Bourbon
700:Isabeau Davoir (1276–1284)
685:Theobald V, Count of Blois
592:French Ministry of Culture
352:
327:UNESCO World Heritage Site
2475:
2447:Princess Louise Élisabeth
2388:
2375:
2347:
2334:
2291:
2278:
2219:
2206:
2134:Xavier, Duke of Aquitaine
2030:
2017:
1745:
1732:
1617:Philippe, Duke of Orléans
1584:
1571:
1555:Philippe, Duke of Orléans
1414:Elisabeth, Queen of Spain
1376:
1363:
1258:. Fontevraud: l'abbé Pohu
1251:. Fontevraud: l'abbé Pohu
1127:Cross, F. L., ed. (1957)
712:Isabel of Valois (1342-?)
674:, and her second husband
565:Catholic Church in France
31:
24:
2459:Henri, Count of Chambord
2124:Princess Marie ZĂ©phyrine
2073:Louis, Dauphin of France
1991:Charles, Duke of Alençon
1778:Louis, Dauphin of France
1633:Louis, Dauphin of France
1301:Official site in English
1189:Dilecta consanguinea mea
1187:Alvira, MartĂn (2020). “
920:King Henry II of England
663:Odo II, Duke of Burgundy
2129:Louis, Duke of Burgundy
2078:Philippe, Duke of Anjou
1981:Luis, Count of ChinchĂłn
1932:Louis, Duke of Brittany
1927:Louis, Duke of Brittany
1877:Louis, Duke of Burgundy
1783:Princess Anne Élisabeth
1701:Louis, Duke of Burgundy
1638:Princess Anne Élisabeth
1495:Antoine, Count of Moret
1488:Henri, Duke of Verneuil
1429:Gaston, Duke of Orléans
1296:Official site in French
1241:. Paris: Jacques Lanore
1239:L'abbaye de Fontevrault
936:Raymond VII of Toulouse
598:was completed in 2006.
567:was declared to be the
492:In the early years the
445:Fulk IV, Count of Anjou
302:. The king of England,
279:, in the former French
2492:Archduchess of Austria
2400:Maria Theresa of Savoy
2262:Princess Sophie Hélène
2168:Illegitimate children
1889:Charles, Duke of Berry
1883:King Felipe V of Spain
1716:Louis, Duke of Orléans
1711:Charles, Duke of Berry
1475:CĂ©sar, Duke of VendĂ´me
999:A Cage of Nightingales
994:La Cage aux Rossignols
977:
976:The cloister galleries
687:, and his second wife
627:Petronille de Chemillé
622:
614:
569:property of the nation
527:
483:de conversis sororibus
384:
376:
364:
310:, and their son, King
25:
2177:Charles de Vintimille
1971:Philip, Duke of Parma
1953:Ferdinand VI of Spain
1468:Illegitimate children
1237:Melot, Michel (1971)
1055:Catholic Encyclopedia
975:
940:Isabella of AngoulĂŞme
620:
612:
524:Isabella of AngoulĂŞme
514:
460:Hersende of Champagne
382:
370:
362:
312:Richard the Lionheart
138:Richard the Lionheart
41:Monastery information
2546:Eleanor of Aquitaine
1958:Charles III of Spain
1706:King Felipe of Spain
1203:. The Boydell Press.
948:Basilica of St Denis
928:Richard I of England
924:Eleanor of Aquitaine
542:canonical visitation
520:Richard I of England
506:Eleanor of Aquitaine
471:Rule of St. Benedict
414:. In that same year
373:Eleanor of Aquitaine
308:Eleanor of Aquitaine
265:abbaye de Fontevraud
238:47.18139°N 0.05167°E
165:Heritage designation
134:Eleanor of Aquitaine
67:Order of Fontevrault
57:Abbey of Fontevrault
2541:Order of Fontevraud
2382:Charles X of France
1962:Francisco of Spain
1788:Princess Marie Anne
1643:Princess Marie Anne
1540:Princess Marie Anne
968:Cultural references
958:Madame de Montespan
707:Eleanor of Brittany
646:in England, in 1177
388:Robert of Arbrissel
375:in Fontevraud Abbey
355:Robert of Arbrissel
285:Robert of Arbrissel
273:Fontevraud-l'Abbaye
234: /
170:World Heritage Site
130:Henry II of England
120:Robert of Arbrissel
21:
2159:Princess Élisabeth
2063:Princess Henriette
1388:Margaret of Valois
1370:Henry IV of France
1173:. Yale University.
1058:Robert of Arbissel
986:Miracle de la rose
978:
680:Bertha (1218–1228)
623:
615:
528:
522:(right) and Queen
475:double monasteries
390:had served as the
385:
377:
365:
289:double monasteries
271:in the village of
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2201:
2198:
2197:
2088:Princess Victoire
2013:
2012:
2009:
2008:
1728:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1567:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1109:on 20 August 2012
934:, their grandson
930:, their daughter
926:, their son King
585:French Resistance
561:French Revolution
538:Hundred Years War
487:Pope Innocent III
396:Diocese of Rennes
316:French Revolution
253:
252:
243:47.18139; 0.05167
157:Functional status
2553:
2521:Fontevraud Abbey
2501:
2481:
2390:
2377:
2349:
2336:
2308:
2293:
2280:
2221:
2208:
2098:Princess Thérèse
2032:
2019:
1949:Felipe of Spain
1946:Felipe of Spain
1942:Louis I of Spain
1747:
1734:
1586:
1573:
1455:Madeleine (1556)
1393:Marie de' Medici
1378:
1365:
1357:House of Bourbon
1350:
1343:
1336:
1327:
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1247:Pohu, J. (1961)
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418:summoned him to
383:Map of the Abbey
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1290:External links
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1133:
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1089:Women in Power
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1155:, p. 75.
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862:Chapter house
861:
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801:Nave interior
797:
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516:Tomb effigies
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416:Pope Urban II
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35:
30:
23:
2450:Prince Louis
2423:Mademoiselle
2422:
2314:
1881:
1812:Illegitimate
1498:
1282:
1276:
1269:
1255:
1248:
1238:
1222:
1218:
1209:
1200:
1192:
1188:
1182:Bibliography
1170:
1160:
1148:
1141:Vincent 2007
1136:
1128:
1123:
1111:. Retrieved
1107:the original
1097:
1088:
1064:
1057:
1042:Melot (1971)
998:
992:
991:
984:
979:
952:
917:
759:Architecture
600:
596:Lucien Magne
589:
573:
558:
551:
534:
494:Plantagenets
491:
482:
468:
449:
437:Syneisaktism
433:Fons Ebraldi
432:
430:
386:
339:
334:
323:Loire Valley
320:
306:, his wife,
297:
264:
263:(in French:
260:
256:
254:
144:Architecture
88:Dedicated to
2341:Louis XVIII
2305:Louis XVIII
2144:Louis XVIII
1153:Berman 2018
922:, his wife
777:West facade
745:(1670–1704)
739:(1637–1670)
721:(1477–1491)
709:(1304–1342)
635:(1149–1154)
629:(1115–1149)
261:Fontevrault
241: /
216:Coordinates
72:Established
54:Other names
2515:Categories
2285:Louis XVII
2257:Louis XVII
1578:Louis XIII
1409:Louis XIII
1023:References
981:Jean Genet
644:Stonehenge
504:'s widow,
427:Fontevraud
392:Archpriest
226:47°10′53″N
188:Romanesque
152:suppressed
115:Founder(s)
2393:Spouse(s)
2352:Spouse(s)
2224:Spouse(s)
2213:Louis XVI
2149:Charles X
2139:Louis XVI
2035:Spouse(s)
1750:Spouse(s)
1739:Louis XIV
1612:Louis XIV
1589:Spouse(s)
1550:Louis XIV
1381:Spouse(s)
1279:. 2 vols.
1113:19 August
1069:Mews 2006
944:King John
577:Clairvaux
269:monastery
229:0°03′06″E
196:Classical
46:Full name
2490:also an
2484:also an
2421:Sophie,
2409:Children
2240:Children
2170:included
2051:Children
2024:Louis XV
1937:Louis XV
1814:children
1771:Children
1605:Children
1443:Siblings
1402:Children
1005:See also
914:Features
819:Cloister
554:Louis XV
518:of King
502:Henry II
464:Chemillé
441:priories
304:Henry II
267:) was a
118:Blessed
92:Our Lady
1268:(1586)
642:, near
583:, some
531:Decline
500:, King
454:and by
394:of the
349:Founder
344:History
275:, near
99:Diocese
1692:Great
1219:Viator
938:, and
789:Chevet
764:Church
526:(left)
498:abbess
479:abbess
420:Angers
408:La Roë
293:Abbess
277:Chinon
192:Gothic
149:Status
110:People
104:Angers
2480:Notes
1918:Great
412:abbot
400:Craon
184:Style
63:Order
2496:both
2313:See
2296:Note
1115:2012
932:Joan
325:, a
255:The
210:Site
205:1101
179:1840
83:1792
75:1101
1227:doi
406:at
337:).
259:or
2517::
1223:37
1221:.
1169:.
1087:.
1076:^
1047:^
1031:^
318:.
194:,
190:,
136:,
132:,
2319:.
1349:e
1342:t
1335:v
1233:.
1229::
1117:.
1091:.
997:(
691:.
333:(
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