511:
249:(Great Britain) Anglo-Australasian Visiting Fellow, in 1976 and 1983. He organised the first Archaeometry Conference outside the United Kingdom in 1980 in Christchurch. His first hand experience with the scientific facilities relating to archaeology at both Oxford and Bradford Universities persuaded him that something needed to be done to take the existing archaeological facilities in New Zealand out of the Stone Age. As a result, one of Leach's most notable, and perhaps now least recognised, contribution to archaeology was his development of the archaeological laboratories at Otago University. In 1968, an old army shed served the archaeologists as a laboratory. After moving to progressively larger buildings in 1972 and 1973, the archaeologists were finally allocated adequate space in the new building that was then to be called the Hocken Building. Leach helped develop the plan for the then state-of-the-art laboratories, including proper facilities for obtaining and displaying a comparative osteological collection, an archaeological
436:
304:
527:
excavated faunal material, which could be used for advanced research in later years. Although the long term research potential of archaeofauna was widely recognised, museums were extremely reluctant to accept large collections of bones, shell and soil residues. The
Archaeozoology Laboratory was founded to take care of such material. Leach set about building new comparative osteological and shell collections, and cataloguing a large body of existing archaeological faunal collections. He brought research funds into the museum and employed a small staff doing advanced research on the collections and publishing the results. This led to an avalanche of scientific papers and several books over the next 15 years on New Zealand and the tropical Pacific.
218:
358:, which he initiated and, with his wife Helen, directed. This resulted in two PhD theses (his own and Helen's), five Master's theses, four of which he supervised and a monograph summarising the results, to which all the thesis students contributed. He has always been interested in seeking to understand prehistoric communities as an operational archaeological unit, and this was reflected in his work in Palliser Bay. He then planned and launched a similar research programme in the
40:
274:(ESR), and the Lucas Heights Nuclear Physics Laboratory. He encouraged his students to publish their archaeometry projects, often jointly with the senior scientists whose external facilities were being used. Student projects that survived the rigours of publishing covered a wide range of topics from accelerator depth profile dating of bones and teeth, seasonal dating of shells using oxygen isotopes,
502:, and advanced mathematical methods of matching artefacts to their source. Another of his special research interests is the reconstruction of ancient diet from bone isotope chemistry, and he developed a simulation model which is now used for more accurate dating of human bone by adjusting for the sources of carbon in diet.
347:. The location of every stone flake was recorded in the 10x10m excavated area and they were later laid out in their original locations on a gridded floor in a laboratory. Cellulose glue was used to re-assemble flakes back on to their original cores to study the flaking process relating to prismatic core blade production.
435:
1262:
Bathgate, M.A. The archaeological and early documentary record concerning Maori fishing in the South Island; including reference to two reports by Dr Foss Leach. Research report commissioned by the Crown Law Office, 1989, 316 pp. Wai 27 S2, Ngai Tahu Lands & Fisheries inquiry. (Leach, B.F. 1989).
489:
Fieldwork was only part of Leach's contribution to archaeology. He has always approached the study of prehistoric communities from a strongly scientific perspective, which led him to explore methods for the identification of faunal remains and the sourcing and dating of lithic materials. He built a
526:
after he retired from university teaching. In 1988, the director John
Yaldwyn encouraged Leach to join the museum as an honorary curator and establish a specialised laboratory for archaeozoology. This was a bold move at a time when archaeologists struggled to find places for long term storage of
323:
studies. This commitment partly arose from a then current practice of advance-face excavation in southern New
Zealand, which he regarded as unduly destructive, and also the widespread use of exploratory test pit excavations through the Pacific and elsewhere. He had great admiration for
256:
This greatly expanded the opportunities for senior archaeology students to do MA thesis research based on more than visits to the library and minor projects of fieldwork. Provision was made in the new laboratory complex for student projects in archaeological
132:
He has been a strong advocate of collaborative cross-disciplinary research. Leach has served as an officer and committee member of numerous New
Zealand and international organisations concerned with archaeology and cultural heritage management, and has held
474:
In his
Pacific fieldwork, as in New Zealand, Leach has lived up to his conviction that fieldwork should always be published in full. His commitment to publication led him to take on the position of business manager and de facto production manager of the
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269:
analysis. Leach formed strong links with various external laboratories, which enabled students to take advantage of scientific facilities at the then
Institute of Nuclear Sciences accelerator group, the Otago Department of Chemistry facility for
490:
comparative faunal collection, particularly of fish remains, at Otago
University and his methodology for fish identification is still widely followed in New Zealand and the Pacific. He has published extensively on various aspects of
1413:
336:. This was to be the theoretical theme of his PhD dissertation, in which he proposed that a single human community could be used as a useful archaeological construct when building prehistory from archaeological excavations.
1267:. Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa Technical Report 10. 322 pp.; Leach, B.F. 1989. Archaeological time trends in South Island Maori fishing. Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa Technical Report 11. 38 pp.
1398:
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claim as a member of their Claims
Committee and author of a major report on fishing rights. He had previously been instrumental in helping them secure the return of the land and associated buildings at
428:
people, the human remains were taken to New
Zealand for specialist study and much has been learned about individual life histories, diet, health and disease. The remains have since been repatriated to
1223:
Leach, B.F., Quinn, C., Morrison, J. and Lyon G. 2003. The use of multiple isotope signatures in reconstructing prehistoric human diet from archaeological bone from the
Pacific and New Zealand.
198:
During his 20 years at Otago he taught courses on New Zealand and Pacific prehistory, the origins of civilisation, and archaeological methods, and also ran laboratory classes and field schools.
773:
Vickeridge, I.C., Coote, G.E. and Wood, S. 1987. Fluorine in human teeth from the Solomon Islands and in pig teeth from the Banks Islands, Vanuatu. In Ambrose, W. and Mummery, J.M.J. (eds),
234:
584:
in his honour entitled "Saying So Doesn't Make It So", the title capturing a consistent demand he made of himself and his students for rigorous proof of any interpretations in archaeology.
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Leach has had a strong commitment to "area excavation", in the belief that the reconstruction of prehistory is best approached by first understanding the patterns of human culture in the
1289:
Leach, B.F. 1990. Cultural resource management at Waipoua Forest, research report commissioned by the Crown Law Office, 1989, 169 pp., Wai 38 H5, Te Roroa inquiry; and Leach, B.F. 1990.
365:
The fieldwork in Palliser Bay involved close consultation with the local Maori of Ngati Hinewaka, with whom Leach has continued to maintain close connections. He was involved in their
303:
1249:
Petchey, F., Spriggs, M., Leach, F., Seed, M., Sand, C., Pietrusewsky, M. and Anderson, K. 2011. Testing the human factor: Radiocarbon dating the first peoples of the South Pacific.
1418:
549:
Leach retired for a second time in 2002. He began attending night classes in electronics to obtain an amateur radio licence (ZL2JKP) and has since earned the DXCC award from the
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from 1967 and joined the academic staff as a junior lecturer in 1969. He gained full tenure in 1971, was promoted to senior lecturer in 1978, and associate professor in 1986.
534:
claims for the Crown Law Office and Maori iwi organisations. He contributed expert evidence on four separate claims before the Waitangi Tribunal between 1989 and 2003: the
1408:
1304:
Depletion and loss of the customary fishery of Ngati Hinewaka: 130 years of struggle to protect a resource guaranteed under Article Two of the Treaty of Waitangi
1236:
Leach, B.F., Quinn, C.J. and Lyon, G.L. 1996. A stochastic approach to the reconstruction of prehistoric human diet in the Pacific from bone isotope signatures.
1043:
Depletion and loss of the customary fishery of Ngati Hinewaka: 130 years of struggle to protect a resource guaranteed under Article Two of the Treaty of Waitangi
760:
Coote, G. and Holdaway, S. 1982. Radial profiles of fluorine in archaeological bone and teeth: A review of recent developments. In Ambrose, W. and Duerden, P.,
157:, where he chose science subjects throughout, although he excelled more in sports ventures than in the classroom. He went on to play representative rugby for
1184:
Leach, B.F., Warren, S.E. and Fankhauser, B. 1978. Obsidian from the Far North of New Zealand: a method of sourcing based on natural radioactive emissions.
614:
515:
158:
113:
29:
1276:
Report of the Waitangi Tribunal on the Muriwhenua Fishing Claim Wai-22. Research report commissioned by the Crown Law Office, 1989. Leach, B.F. 1989.
523:
217:
603:
166:
173:, scrub-cutting, and working in shearing gangs. A chance attendance at an archaeological excavation being run by Les Groube at Karitane near
154:
377:
From the mid-1970s, Leach's fieldwork took him beyond New Zealand. He participated in two archaeological surveys with Jim Specht for the
180:
He graduated Bachelor of Arts in anthropology in 1966, and Masters of Arts (Hons) in 1969. The MA thesis was published in the same year.
1403:
1383:
610:
786:
Till, M. and Blattner, P. 1986. The seasonality of fishing and shellfishing in prehistoric Otago: Evidence from oxygen isotope ratios.
1388:
1210:
Leach, B.F. and Manly, B. 1982. Minimum Mahalanobis distance functions and lithic source characterization by multi-element analysis.
153:, with his sister Josephine Michelle and their parents Bernard Joseph Leach and Thelma Adele Foss. He attended boarding school at
250:
1393:
895:
271:
1145:
Leach, B.F. 1986. A method for analysis of Pacific island fishbone assemblages and an associated data base management system.
245:
as a class project in 1965. He later spent two sabbatical years as a senior visiting fellow at the Oxford Laboratory and as a
877:
Seelenfreund, A. and Bollong, C. 1989. The sourcing of New Zealand archaeological obsidian artefacts using energy dispersive
448:
287:
97:
550:
477:
456:
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in archaeology, not only on source characterisation and artefact identification, but also on basic properties, such as
1171:
Leach, B.F. and Fankhauser, B. 1978. The characterization of New Zealand obsidian sources using thermoluminescence.
229:
and archaeometry was fostered during his undergraduate years by early correspondence with, and encouragement from,
455:
islands in Micronesia in 1983. He carried out a thorough archaeological survey of the island of Singapore for the
279:
838:
Fankhauser, B. 1986. Preparation of high-fructose syrup from the New Zealand cabbage tree, Cordyline australis.
371:
275:
675:
The concept of similarity in prehistoric studies : a test case using New Zealand stone flake assemblages
320:
316:
202:
1378:
1197:
Leach, B.F., Naeser, C.W. and Ward, G.K. 1981. The ages of Pacific obsidians from fission track analysis.
325:
226:
126:
851:
Fankhauser, B. 1991. Dating earth ovens with thermoluminescence and radiocarbon. In Gillespie, R. (ed.),
206:
121:. He is a pioneer of integrated regional research programmes, conservation of archaeological materials,
939:
The concept of similarity in prehistoric studies: a test case using New Zealand stone flake assemblages
698:
The concept of similarity in prehistoric studies: a test case using New Zealand stone flake assemblages
412:. A rock shelter, Te Ana Tavatava, provided the basis for a cultural sequence of nearly 3000 years for
1373:
911:
Horwood, M. 1989. Diet reconstruction from human bone trace element analysis. In Sutton, D.G. (ed.),
530:
During this period at Te Papa he also ran a consultancy and undertook investigations into aspects of
499:
174:
574:
242:
192:
162:
134:
878:
558:
495:
401:
266:
262:
1067:
Specht, J., Lilley, I. and Normu, J. Radiocarbon dates from West New Britain, Papua New Guinea,
950:
Leach, H.M. 1984. Jigsaw: Reconstructive lithic technology. In J.E. Ericson and B. Purdy (eds),
592:
191:
Leach began his teaching career as an undergraduate tutor in the Anthropology Department at the
1358:
570:
531:
378:
366:
1293:, research report commissioned by the Crown Law Office, 144 pp. Wai 38 H4, Te Roroa inquiry.
717:
679:
421:
394:
92:
1317:
39:
468:
429:
405:
359:
1095:
Archaeology on Kapingamarangi Atoll: a Polynesian outlier in the Eastern Caroline Islands
1132:
Shizuo Oda. 1990. A review of archaeological research in the Izu and Ogasawara Islands.
1004:
The prehistoric exploitation and knowledge of geological resources in Southern Wairarapa
747:
Aitken, M.J.and Tite, M.S. 1962. A gradient magnetometer, using proton free-precession.
1158:
Leach, B.F. and Anderson, A.J. 1978. The prehistoric sources of Palliser Bay obsidian.
554:
444:
382:
258:
122:
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with Graeme Ward. Leach then assisted one of his PhD students with excavations in the
1367:
621:
464:
417:
344:
246:
230:
170:
150:
118:
864:
Intoh, M. 1989. Water absorption testing of Pacific pottery. In Sutton, D.G. (ed.),
673:
351:
711:
535:
588:
581:
460:
390:
329:
78:
1082:
The archaeology of Taumako: a Polynesian Outlier in the Eastern Solomon Islands
539:
286:
sources with XRF, dating of human bone with ESR, and diet reconstruction from
146:
66:
350:
His was the inspiration for the three-year (1969–1972) research programme in
165:
in boxing in 1962. Much of his life as a young adult was spent as a bushman:
596:
553:. For a time he ran a private radio station for the benefit of residents of
355:
333:
439:
Leach and Wilson. School in the background was renamed Foss Primary School
543:
491:
408:
with Janet Davidson, with a thorough survey and two major excavations in
386:
340:
283:
1121:
Magnetic archaeological survey of three areas on Fort Canning, Singapore
1006:. Unpublished M.A. thesis, Anthropology Department, University of Otago.
993:. Unpublished M.A. thesis, Anthropology Department, University of Otago.
980:. Unpublished M.A. thesis, Anthropology Department, University of Otago.
967:. Unpublished M.A. thesis, Anthropology Department, University of Otago.
282:
of oven stones, physical analysis of pottery, trace element analysis of
625:
425:
413:
409:
308:
1280:. Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa Technical Report 13. 182 pp.
812:
Fankhauser, B. 1986. An input/output energy analysis of ti gathering.
683:
721:
238:
149:, New Zealand, on 16 February 1942, and spent his formative years in
561:. He continues to write and publish, but at a greatly reduced rate.
459:
in 1987, and assisted Shizuo Oda in an archaeological survey of the
1306:. Report presented to the Waitangi Tribunal, Document Wai-863-#A71.
1045:. Report presented to the Waitangi Tribunal, Document Wai-863-#A71.
885:, pp. 168–189. New Zealand Archaeological Association Monograph 17.
868:, pp. 132–152. New Zealand Archaeological Association Monograph 17.
734:
Aitken, M.J. (1960). Magnetic prospecting: The proton gradiometer.
649:
580:
In 1989, eighteen of his former graduate students contributed to a
443:
The Taumako project was soon followed by survey and excavations on
221:
Foss Leach in the Archaeometry Laboratory,University of Otago, 1982
1414:
People associated with the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
509:
434:
302:
216:
915:
pp. 295–303. New Zealand Archaeological Association Monograph 17.
902:
pp. 277–285. New Zealand Archaeological Association Monograph 17.
965:
Archaeology and behaviour at Black Rocks peninsula, Palliser Bay
522:
The final stage of Leach's professional career was spent at The
1343:
Saying so doesn't make it so: Papers in honour of B. Foss Leach
913:
Saying so doesn't make it so. Papers in honour of B. Foss Leach
900:
Saying so doesn't make it so. Papers in honour of B. Foss Leach
883:
Saying so doesn't make it so. Papers in honour of B. Foss Leach
866:
Saying so doesn't make it so. Papers in honour of B. Foss Leach
452:
1123:. Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa Technical Report 9.
1028:
Sutton, D.G. 1980. A culture history of the Chatham Islands.
651:
Depletion and loss of the customary fishery of Ngāti Hinewaka
1054:
Specht, J. 1984. Prehistoric archaeology of Norfolk Island.
928:. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Anthropology, University of Otago.
362:
1974–1975, which was carried on by his student Doug Sutton.
253:
facility, and finally a laboratory devoted to archaeometry.
628:
island, was renamed the Foss Primary School in his honour.
514:
Leach with his three daughters, after his investiture as a
339:
His first excavation, jointly with his first wife, was at
235:
Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art
1278:
The archaeology of marine food exploitation in Muriwhenua
1084:. New Zealand Journal of Archaeology Special Publication.
424:
from the last millennium. With the full agreement of the
400:
In 1977–1978 he carried out archaeological research on a
1345:. New Zealand Archaeological Association Monograph 17.
481:
for the 30 years of its existence, from 1979 to 2008.
1399:
People educated at Palmerston North Boys' High School
716:(Doctoral thesis). OUR Archive, University of Otago.
678:(Master's thesis). OUR Archive, University of Otago.
241:. Under Aitken's instruction and guidance he built a
926:
Prehistoric communities in Palliser Bay, New Zealand
713:
Prehistoric communities in Palliser Bay, New Zealand
602:
In 2000, he was made an honorary life member of the
825:Fankhauser, B. 1987. A beginner's guide to umu ti.
91:
74:
49:
23:
201:He retired from teaching in 1988 when he moved to
265:analysis, radioactive source excitation XRF, and
1108:Archaeological investigations in the Yap Islands
978:Houses and house life in prehistoric New Zealand
894:Dennison, K.J. 1989. Dating New Zealand bone by
177:was the beginning of his career in archaeology.
1265:The archaeology of Maori marine food harvesting
941:. Studies in Prehistoric Anthropology Volume 1.
700:. Studies in Prehistoric Anthropology Volume 1.
577:in honour of his contribution to anthropology.
1019:. National Museum of New Zealand, Bulletin 21.
764:, pp. 251–261. Australian National University.
1238:Tuhinga, Records of the Museum of New Zealand
799:Fankhauser, B. 1982. An experimental umu-ti.
145:Bryan Foss Leach, known as Foss, was born at
8:
1419:Companions of the New Zealand Order of Merit
855:, pp. 41–44. Australian National University.
777:, pp. 79–89. Australian National University.
643:
641:
1173:Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand
615:Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit
516:Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit
467:(Ogasawara Islands), between Japan and the
954:, pp. 107–118. Cambridge University Press,
952:Prehistoric quarries and lithic production
775:Archaeometry: Further Australasian studies
307:Leach ordering medical supplies by radio,
38:
20:
1409:Academic staff of the University of Otago
1097:. Studies in Prehistoric Anthropology 16.
924:See pp. 22–24, 288–319 Leach, B.F. 1976.
762:Archaeometry: An Australasian perspective
343:in 1967. This was a stone tool quarry in
117:(born 16 February 1942) is a New Zealand
1015:Leach, B.F. and Leach, H.M. (eds) 1979.
991:The resurrection of the prehistoric dead
637:
524:Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
1110:. British Archaeological Reports S277.
604:New Zealand Archaeological Association
319:dimension before turning attention to
1080:Leach, B.F. and Davidson, J.M. 2008.
827:New Zealand Archaeological Newsletter
814:New Zealand Archaeological Newsletter
801:New Zealand Archaeological Newsletter
7:
183:His doctorate was awarded in 1976.
1225:New Zealand Journal of Archaeology
1212:New Zealand Journal of Archaeology
1199:New Zealand Journal of Archaeology
478:New Zealand Journal of Archaeology
155:Palmerston North Boys' High School
14:
1359:Full list of Leach's publications
1251:Journal of Archaeological Science
1160:Journal of Archaeological Science
1147:Journal of Archaeological Science
1093:Leach, B.F. and Ward, G.K. 1981.
1030:Journal of the Polynesian Society
840:New Zealand Journal of Technology
749:Journal of Scientific Instruments
599:), a rare honour for a European.
1106:Intoh, M. and Leach, B.F. 1985.
617:, for services to archaeology.
587:In 1994 Leach was invested as a
1291:The Wakatupapaku from Waimamaku
1056:Pacific Anthropological Records
1017:Prehistoric Man in Palliser Bay
896:electron paramagnetic resonance
853:Quaternary dating workshop 1990
788:Pacific Anthropological Records
591:of the Kohunui Marae, Pirinoa (
569:In 1978, Leach was awarded the
272:Electron paramagnetic resonance
1186:New Zealand Journal of Science
648:Leach, Foss (29 August 2003).
449:Federated States of Micronesia
288:atomic absorption spectroscopy
1:
1322:NZ Archaeological Association
551:American Amateur Radio League
225:Leach's strong commitment to
457:National Museum of Singapore
161:in 1961 and represented the
506:Research after "retirement"
328:'s area excavations at the
213:Archaeological laboratories
1435:
1404:University of Otago alumni
1384:New Zealand archaeologists
1134:Man and Culture in Oceania
1389:People from Martinborough
1341:Sutton, D.G. (ed.) 1989.
898:. In Sutton, D.G. (ed.),
881:. In Sutton, D.G. (ed.),
498:, radioactive emissions,
280:thermoluminescence dating
137:in various institutions.
125:, and broader aspects of
103:
84:
37:
16:New Zealand archaeologist
1316:Davidson, Janet (1978).
613:, Leach was appointed a
372:Cape Palliser Lighthouse
299:Archaeological fieldwork
276:experimental archaeology
141:Early life and education
1318:"The Percy Smith Medal"
565:Recognition and honours
1394:People from Waipukurau
1069:Australian Archaeology
546:, and Ngati Hinewaka.
519:
440:
389:district of Southwest
312:
227:archaeological science
222:
127:archaeological science
1002:Prickett, K.E. 1975.
976:Prickett, N.J. 1974.
963:Anderson, A.J. 1973.
611:2005 New Year Honours
513:
438:
420:provided a wealth of
404:in the Outer Eastern
306:
220:
207:Museum of New Zealand
500:fission track dating
385:in 1976, and in the
261:, transmission tube
135:honorary fellowships
989:Sutton, D.G. 1975.
575:University of Otago
326:André Leroi-Gourhan
243:proton magnetometer
193:University of Otago
163:University of Otago
1302:Leach, B.F. 2003.
1119:Leach, B.F. 1988.
1041:Leach, B.F. 2003.
937:Leach, B.F. 1969.
879:X-ray spectroscopy
710:Leach, B. (1976).
696:Leach, B.F. 1969.
672:Leach, B. (1969).
559:Marlborough Sounds
520:
496:thermoluminescence
441:
402:Polynesian outlier
313:
267:thermoluminescence
223:
1227:23 (2001): 31–98.
751:39 (12): 625–629.
571:Percy Smith Medal
532:Waitangi Tribunal
418:Namu burial mound
379:Australian Museum
367:Waitangi Tribunal
332:hunters' site of
107:
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86:Scientific career
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518:in December 2004
422:material culture
395:Papua New Guinea
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110:Bryan Foss Leach
93:Doctoral advisor
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60:16 February 1942
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593:Ngāti Kahungunu
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469:Mariana Islands
430:Solomon Islands
406:Solomon Islands
360:Chatham Islands
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290:of human bone.
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69:, New Zealand
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62:(age 82)
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44:Leach in 2011
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736:Archaeometry
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655:. Retrieved
650:
620:A school at
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416:, while the
399:
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251:conservation
224:
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109:
108:
85:
18:
1374:1942 births
1327:25 November
1253:, 38:29–44.
1162:5: 301–307.
1136:. 6: 53–79.
657:25 November
582:festschrift
555:Ngākuta Bay
461:Izu Islands
391:New Britain
354:, southern
330:Magdalenian
79:Archaeology
1368:Categories
1214:4: 77–109.
684:10523/8267
632:References
540:Muriwhenua
321:diachronic
317:synchronic
203:Wellington
147:Waipukurau
67:Waipukurau
56:1942-02-16
25:Foss Leach
1201:3: 71–82.
1071:12:13–15.
842:1: 27–31.
738:3: 38–40.
722:10523/499
597:Wairarapa
536:Ngāi Tahu
471:in 1989.
397:in 1979.
356:Wairarapa
334:Pincevent
233:, of the
1240:8: 1–54.
589:kaumātua
544:Te Roroa
492:obsidian
387:Kandrian
341:Oturehua
294:Research
284:obsidian
159:Manawatu
626:Taumako
609:In the
573:by the
557:in the
538:claim,
426:Taumako
414:Taumako
410:Taumako
309:Taumako
175:Dunedin
311:, 1978
239:Oxford
381:, on
1329:2023
659:2023
622:Namu
463:and
114:CNZM
50:Born
30:CNZM
1058:34.
718:hdl
680:hdl
624:on
606:.
595:ki
453:Yap
263:XRF
237:in
129:.
1370::
1320:.
640:^
542:,
432:.
393:,
374:.
278:,
209:.
169:,
58:)
1331:.
724:.
720::
686:.
682::
661:.
54:(
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