139:
concluded a "strategic inquiry into the transparency of trilogues" in 2016. The
Parliament's practices did not constitute maladministration, while the Council's practices did constitute maladministration. The Ombudsman proposed that all three institutions in trilogues should publicize trilogue dates,
131:
Critics argue that the use of informal trilogues is "non-democratic, non-accountable and non-transparent". A central complaint about the lack of transparency is the general rule that four-column documents are never made public, either before or after negotiations. Others argue that some institutional
97:
Despite the lack of public information, there is some knowledge of the typical procedure within trilogue meetings. Negotiations are facilitated by a shared "four-column" document. This document includes a column for the position of each institution, as well as a column for the resulting compromise
143:
There have been gradual improvements in trilogue transparency. Beginning in 2007, the
European institutions formally recognized the trilogue as an important tool in the legislative process through a joint declaration. In more recent years, institutional positions have often been publicized within
122:
In recent years, more and more legislation has been passed in first reading due to trilogues. 99% of "new
European laws" are quickly passed as compromises reached through trilogues. 90% of the 8th Parliament's concluded OLP files were given mandates to be negotiated in trilogues during the first
114:
Trilogue negotiations are considered important for efficient law-making in the current system of ordinary legislative procedure, as they have allowed laws to be passed much more quickly than otherwise would be possible. The trilogue became common practice as a result of changes to the codecision
132:
secrecy is necessary to successfully negotiate without outside pressure. There have also been concerns that lobbying interests with extensive social networks in
Brussels may have significantly more access to information regarding ongoing trilogues than ordinary citizens.
98:
text. The negotiating teams for each institution regularly report back to their colleagues throughout the process in order to remain within their negotiating mandate . The resulting agreement is sent to the responsible ministers in the
119:, which allowed legislation to be adopted in first reading for the first time. In 1999-2000, only 17% of legislation was adopted in first reading; by 2008-2009, 80% of proposals were adopted in first reading.
630:
140:
initial positions, trilogue agendas, four-column documents, provisional texts, a list of representatives at the trilogue, and a list of tabled documents.
123:
reading. Most of the non-negotiated files were either low-urgency (codifications, transpositions) or high-urgency (international trade, Brexit-related).
640:
36:
151:
94:. The content of trilogues is not regulated or publicized, aside from the resulting legislation, which must still be approved by OLP.
497:
297:
154:
declared that the
Parliament was required to "grant access, on specific request, to documents relating to ongoing trilogues".
67:
99:
44:
146:
58:, which means a conversation with three parties. Most references to "trilogues" in European legal studies refer to
599:
577:
551:
471:
445:
274:
578:"Joint declaration on practical arrangements for the codecision procedure (article 251 of the EC Treaty)"
348:
174:
227:
520:
405:
197:
252:
103:
48:
40:
136:
635:
532:
425:
417:
383:
371:
209:
116:
372:"Co-decision after Lisbon: The politics of informal trilogues in European Union lawmaking"
32:
17:
624:
198:"Building and managing the European Commission's position for trilogue negotiations"
536:
421:
213:
521:"Organized interests and trilogues in a post-regulatory era of EU policy-making"
87:
71:
387:
55:
430:
406:"Inside the black box of trilogues: introduction to the special issue"
498:"Trilogues: the system that undermines EU democracy and transparency"
90:. Some aspects of trilogues are regulated in the European Parliament
326:
106:, before being formally approved by the Council and the EP plenary.
86:
Due to their informal nature, trilogues are not provided for in the
552:"Activity Report on the ordinary legislative procedure 2014-2019"
472:"Activity Report on the ordinary legislative procedure 2014-2019"
446:"Activity Report on the ordinary legislative procedure 2014-2019"
51:. The European Commission takes on the mediating function.
31:
is a type of interinstitutional negotiation used in the
39:. The bodies involved in trilogue negotiations are the
300:. European Council and Council of the European Union
230:. European Movement International. 10 November 2022
144:press releases. Additionally, in the 2018 case
8:
54:It takes its name from a literary form, the
429:
399:
397:
321:
319:
317:
315:
169:
167:
163:
247:
245:
605:. General Court of the European Union
102:and the responsible committee in the
7:
631:European Union legislative procedure
298:"The ordinary legislative procedure"
152:General Court of the European Union
228:"One Pager: Trilogue Consultation"
25:
525:Journal of European Public Policy
410:Journal of European Public Policy
349:"Interinstitutional negotiations"
202:Journal of European Public Policy
175:"Interinstitutional Negotiations"
147:De Capitani v European Parliament
74:, is sometimes referred to as a "
641:Politics of the European Union
68:ordinary legislative procedure
1:
537:10.1080/13501763.2020.1859592
422:10.1080/13501763.2020.1859600
214:10.1080/13501763.2020.1859597
45:Council of the European Union
329:. European Crypto Initiative
404:Brandsma, Gijs Jan (2021).
370:Brandsma, Gijs Jan (2015).
657:
519:Greenwood, Justin (2021).
70:(OLP) provided for in the
66:, an official part of the
60:informal trilogue meetings
500:. European Digital Rights
600:"PRESS RELEASE No 35/18"
388:10.1177/1465116515584497
376:European Union Politics
76:formal trilogue meeting
18:Formal Trilogue meeting
287:Title II, ch. 3, s. 3.
196:Panning, Lara (2020).
64:conciliation committee
557:. European Parliament
477:. European Parliament
451:. European Parliament
351:. European Parliament
327:"What are trilogues?"
277:. European Parliament
177:. European Parliament
275:"Rules of Procedure"
104:European Parliament
49:European Parliament
41:European Commission
37:legislative process
137:European Ombudsman
92:Rules of Procedure
115:procedure in the
16:(Redirected from
648:
615:
614:
612:
610:
604:
596:
590:
589:
587:
585:
574:
568:
566:
564:
562:
556:
548:
542:
540:
516:
510:
509:
507:
505:
494:
488:
486:
484:
482:
476:
468:
462:
460:
458:
456:
450:
442:
436:
435:
433:
401:
392:
391:
367:
361:
360:
358:
356:
345:
339:
338:
336:
334:
323:
310:
309:
307:
305:
294:
288:
286:
284:
282:
271:
265:
264:
262:
260:
249:
240:
239:
237:
235:
224:
218:
217:
193:
187:
186:
184:
182:
171:
117:Amsterdam Treaty
110:Increasing usage
29:trilogue meeting
21:
656:
655:
651:
650:
649:
647:
646:
645:
621:
620:
619:
618:
608:
606:
602:
598:
597:
593:
583:
581:
576:
575:
571:
560:
558:
554:
550:
549:
545:
518:
517:
513:
503:
501:
496:
495:
491:
480:
478:
474:
470:
469:
465:
454:
452:
448:
444:
443:
439:
403:
402:
395:
369:
368:
364:
354:
352:
347:
346:
342:
332:
330:
325:
324:
313:
303:
301:
296:
295:
291:
280:
278:
273:
272:
268:
258:
256:
251:
250:
243:
233:
231:
226:
225:
221:
195:
194:
190:
180:
178:
173:
172:
165:
160:
129:
112:
84:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
654:
652:
644:
643:
638:
633:
623:
622:
617:
616:
591:
569:
543:
531:(1): 112–131.
511:
489:
463:
437:
393:
382:(2): 300–319.
362:
340:
311:
289:
266:
241:
219:
188:
162:
161:
159:
156:
128:
125:
111:
108:
83:
80:
33:European Union
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
653:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
628:
626:
601:
595:
592:
579:
573:
570:
553:
547:
544:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
515:
512:
499:
493:
490:
473:
467:
464:
447:
441:
438:
432:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
400:
398:
394:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
366:
363:
350:
344:
341:
328:
322:
320:
318:
316:
312:
299:
293:
290:
276:
270:
267:
254:
248:
246:
242:
229:
223:
220:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
192:
189:
176:
170:
168:
164:
157:
155:
153:
149:
148:
141:
138:
133:
126:
124:
120:
118:
109:
107:
105:
101:
95:
93:
89:
81:
79:
77:
73:
69:
65:
62:. However, a
61:
57:
52:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
19:
607:. Retrieved
594:
582:. Retrieved
572:
559:. Retrieved
546:
541:pp. 117-118.
528:
524:
514:
502:. Retrieved
492:
479:. Retrieved
466:
453:. Retrieved
440:
413:
409:
379:
375:
365:
353:. Retrieved
343:
331:. Retrieved
302:. Retrieved
292:
279:. Retrieved
269:
257:. Retrieved
232:. Retrieved
222:
208:(1): 32–52.
205:
201:
191:
179:. Retrieved
145:
142:
134:
130:
121:
113:
96:
91:
85:
75:
63:
59:
53:
28:
26:
431:2066/229227
127:Controversy
88:EU treaties
72:EU treaties
625:Categories
416:(1): 1–9.
253:"Trilogue"
158:References
47:, and the
580:. EUR-Lex
255:. EUR-Lex
82:Procedure
636:Meetings
56:trilogue
100:Council
567:p. 12.
461:p. 10.
150:, the
43:, the
609:3 May
603:(PDF)
584:3 May
561:3 May
555:(PDF)
504:3 May
487:p. 9.
481:3 May
475:(PDF)
455:3 May
449:(PDF)
355:3 May
333:3 May
304:2 May
281:2 May
259:3 May
234:2 May
181:2 May
35:(EU)
611:2024
586:2024
563:2024
506:2024
483:2024
457:2024
357:2024
335:2024
306:2024
283:2024
261:2024
236:2024
183:2024
135:The
533:doi
426:hdl
418:doi
384:doi
210:doi
78:".
627::
529:28
527:.
523:.
424:.
414:28
412:.
408:.
396:^
380:16
378:.
374:.
314:^
244:^
206:28
204:.
200:.
166:^
27:A
613:.
588:.
565:.
539:.
535::
508:.
485:.
459:.
434:.
428::
420::
390:.
386::
359:.
337:.
308:.
285:.
263:.
238:.
216:.
212::
185:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.