2518:
refer to a particular period: the proportions in contemporary
English will not at all be the same as those in sixteenth- or seventeenth-century English, for example. Secondly, we must consider whose English we are talking about, as discussed in section 1.5. Thirdly, once we have decided which registers, varieties, etc. we want to take into account, we have the practical problem of arriving at a wordlist. Fourthly, once we have our wordlist, we have the problem of assessing and classifying etymologies, i.e. deciding which words are borrowed and which are not. This last problem is a major concern of this book.
307:
597:
1706:
539:
76:
634:
498:
178:
35:
221:
2338:
existing native words instead of foreign-derived ones (such as using "begin" instead of "commence"). In its more extreme form, it involves reviving native words that are no longer widely used (such as "ettle" for "intend") and/or coining new words from
Germanic roots (such as word stock for vocabulary). This dates at least to the
2337:
Linguistic purism in the
English language is the belief that words of native origin should be used instead of foreign-derived ones (which are mainly Romance, Latin and Greek). "Native" can mean "Anglo-Saxon" or it can be widened to include all Germanic words. In its mild form, it merely means using
2517:
Percentages are often quoted for the proportions of the vocabulary of modern
English that are borrowed from French, Latin, Scandinavian languages, etc. As discussed in chapter 1, such percentages must be approached with extreme caution. Firstly, we have to bear in mind that such figures can only
608: with: a more concise, scholarly, and sourced description, differentiating between the historic basis for our language and foreign words entering it today, and ties of these supported facts with their relation to waves of immigration, the introduction of the internet, etc.. You can help by
746:
The French contributed legal, military, technological, and political terminology. French was the prestige language during the Norman occupation of the
British Isles, causing many french words to enter English vocabulary. Their language also contributed common words, such as the names of meats:
2323:, the Latin tradition of counting as "twenty-one," "thirty-five," "ninety-seven," etc., which is easier to say and was already common in non-standard regional dialects, gradually replaced the traditional Germanic style to become the dominant style by the end of nineteenth century.
2318:
Standard
English, especially in very conservative formal contexts, continued to use native Germanic style as late as World War I for intermediate numbers greater than 20, viz., "one-and-twenty," "five-and-thirty," "seven-and-ninety," and so on. But with the advent of the
2500:
2726:
2623:
2314:
Cardinal numbering in
English follows two models, Germanic and Italic. The basic numbers are zero through ten. The numbers eleven through nineteen follow native Germanic style, as do twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, and ninety.
191:
the need to address serious article deficiencies including contradictions, an inadequate lead, unavailability of online sources for verification, and the continuing accumulation of indiscriminate, unsourced examples (e.g., see 17 April 2021 IP
715:
words are almost absent but do exist, such as the word galore which came about in the 17th century and stems from the Irish, "go leor" which means plenty, or to sufficiency. There are also dialectal words, such as the
2753:
1155:
481:
However, he found considerable discrepancy between the most common and least common words. The top thousand words were 83% of
English origin, while the least common were only 25% of English origin.
1727:
556:
511:
93:
48:
2678:
3026:
2938:
237:
the current lead (i) contradicts the content of the Word origins section and a prominent figure legend, (ii) contains statements only appearing in the lead (violating
2772:
2575:
2910:
1695:
2883:
2161:
435:
417:
2974:
517:
54:
338:. Most of its grammar, its core vocabulary and the most common words are Germanic. However, the percentage of loans in everyday conversation varies by
2059:
907:
257:
229:
140:
112:
1573:
1421:
838:
707:
698:
Here is a list of the most common foreign language influences in
English, where other languages have influenced or contributed words to English.
2933:
2342:
debate of the 16th and 17th century, where some authors rejected the foreign influence, and has continued to this day, being most prominent in
2179:
1633:
411:
119:
2852:
2766:
2736:
2633:
2510:
2473:
2435:
1939:
899:
720:
system of counting sheep. However, hypotheses have been made that
English syntax was influenced by Celtic languages, such as the system of
484:
However, due to the variability of vocabulary of individuals, dialects, and time periods, exact percentages cannot be take at face value.
377:. Estimates of native words derived from Old English range up to 33%, with the rest made up of outside borrowings. These are mostly from
195:
1778:
903:
126:
1750:
3021:
721:
728:
of similar Celtic phrasal structures. This is controversial, as the system has clear native English and other Germanic developments.
648:
644:
2808:
2661:
2603:
2539:
1797:
685:
578:
525:
293:
275:
159:
62:
108:
1757:
3009:
2962:
2832:
2355:
1731:
741:
737:
560:
378:
97:
1764:
246:
310:
According to one study, the percentage of modern English words derived from each of various language groups are as follows:
2896:
2262:); plants or plant products originating in tropical Asia and introduced to medieval Europe through Arabic intermediation (
834:
803:, and their feminine equivalents. Nearly 30 percent of English words (in an 80,000-word dictionary) are of French origin.
2903:
2360:
2332:
1746:
389:. Some of the Romance words borrowed into English were themselves loanwords from other languages, such as the Germanic
930:
1716:
133:
3054:
3014:
2981:
812:
382:
1735:
1720:
660:
549:
86:
3049:
1427:
886:
words introduced into English. The Norman language also introduced (or reinforced) words of Norse origin such as
403:
3059:
2427:
354:
2880:(John Aldrich, University of Southampton) The contribution of French, Latin, Greek and German are surveyed.
2877:
2380:
2365:
1385:
331:
2320:
1771:
362:
2700:
2399:
I.e., excluded are words coming from the Germanic element in French, Latin or other Romance languages.
407:, published by Finkenstaedt and Wolff in 1973 estimated the origin of English words to be as follows:
17:
2919:
2569:
2465:
2128:
1231:
1160:
1110:; via French words of Dutch/Flemish origin that have subsequently been adopted into English, such as
2166:
Words such as warden and guardian are hypothesized to come from a proto-Romance loan from Frankish
2073:
822:
242:
2123:
2004:
1945:
1328:
1265:
455:
423:
349:
Many loanwords have entered into English from other languages. English borrowed many words from
2848:
2804:
2762:
2732:
2657:
2629:
2599:
2535:
2506:
2469:
2431:
1357:
1247:
1242:
390:
306:
238:
2840:
2370:
2107:
1639:
1368:
1311:
1225:
712:
474:
366:
323:
1949:
1587:
883:
717:
1373:
2969:
2945:
1339:
1045:
913:
844:
386:
596:
3043:
2343:
2010:
1514:
2957:
2339:
1957:
1305:
1089:
990:
430:, from Proto-Germanic, or a more recent borrowing from a Germanic language such as
335:
2798:
2459:
2421:
2833:"A Comparative Study of Linguistic Purism in the History of England and Germany"
2069:
2022:
1953:
1705:
1333:
1080:
1074:
942:
848:
538:
427:
327:
75:
2837:
A Comparative Study of Linguistic Purism in the History of England and Germany
2115:
1980:
1962:
1094:
978:
454:
A 1975 survey of 10,000 words taken from several thousand business letters by
241:), and (iii) presents statements unsupported by citation (anywhere, violating
2844:
2068:
origin have entered English primarily from the contact between Old Norse and
2375:
2238:; scientific vocabulary borrowed into Latin in the 12th and 13th centuries (
2065:
2016:
1992:
1986:
1968:
1560:
1502:
1442:
1345:
1293:
1253:
1219:
1195:
1124:
1112:
1100:
1085:
954:
852:
431:
350:
1974:
916:
words have entered the English language: via trade and navigation, such as
2148:
1642:
loans, which are still part of the frequently used vocabulary, words like
918:
2950:
2226:
1683:
1614:
1554:
1490:
1213:
1207:
1183:
343:
2561:
Old Norse Influence in Modern English: The Effect of the Viking Invasion
2346:
advocacy to avoid Latinate terms if a simple native alternative exists.
1524:
401:
A computerized survey of about 80,000 words in the third edition of the
2888:
2559:
2077:
1998:
1671:
1663:
1608:
1548:
1542:
1460:
1403:
1362:
1351:
1299:
1276:
1259:
1171:
563: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
370:
358:
346:, even if English vocabulary at large has a greater Romance influence.
339:
249:. A sourced, summarizing, policy-compliant encyclopedic lead is needed.
2625:
External Influences on English: From Its Beginnings to the Renaissance
2142:
2111:
1679:
1655:
1530:
1484:
1466:
1436:
1409:
1397:
1391:
1379:
1322:
1287:
1281:
1270:
1201:
1050:
1028:
725:
2080:). Many of these words are part of English core vocabulary, such as
1810:
Words relating to culture, originating from the colonial era. e.g.,
1062:
2986:
2654:
Ordered Profusion: Studies in Dictionaries and the English Lexicon
2217:
1579:
1536:
1508:
1496:
1454:
1448:
1316:
1236:
1189:
1177:
1165:
966:
818:
374:
305:
2420:
Denning, Keith M.; Kessler, Brett; Leben, William Ronald (2007).
2119:
2082:
1651:
1478:
1472:
1136:
1106:
1034:
2892:
1156:
List of English words from Indigenous languages of the Americas
1699:
1022:
627:
590:
532:
491:
477:(includes Spanish, Greek, Dutch, Italian, German, etc.): 1.3%.
214:
171:
69:
28:
1552:
etc.). Words relating to warfare and tactics, for instance
2884:
Wikiversity: English as a hybrid Romance-Germanic language
1960:
found their way into the English language, words such as
847:
include scientific and medical terminology (for instance
312:* Latin (including scientific/medical/legal terms), ~29%;
2647:
2645:
656:
609:
253:
2002:; words related to psychology and philosophy, such as
418:
Latin, including modern scientific and technical Latin
2761:(6th ed.). Boston: Wadsworth. pp. 254–258.
2464:. Blackwell Textbooks in Linguistics. New York, NY:
2076:
between the mid 9th to the 11th centuries (see also
381:, but many others were later borrowed directly from
2997:
2926:
2755:
The Origins and Development of the English Language
1948:. As a result, many words are distantly related to
465:"Native" English (derived from Old English): 78.1%;
100:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2558:Friðriksdóttir 1989-, Sandra Dögg (January 2014).
2728:Borrowed Words: A History of Loanwords in English
2502:Borrowed Words: A History of Loanwords in English
2598:. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster. p. 68.
2461:A History of English: A Sociolinguistic Approach
825:, academic terminology, and legal terminology.
436:Germanic words borrowed from a Romance language
2589:
2587:
2585:
2286:); Middle Eastern and Maghrebi cuisine words (
1150:Indigenous languages of the Western Hemisphere
2904:
1696:List of English words of Hindi or Urdu origin
1619:
187:needs attention from an expert in Linguistics
8:
2683:Journal of Contemporary Educational Research
2652:Finkenstaedt, Thomas; Wolff, Dieter (1973).
2162:List of English Latinates of Germanic origin
2072:during colonisation of eastern and northern
817:Most words in English that are derived from
783:; as well as words related to the nobility:
2574:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2534:. New York: Gotham Books. pp. 89–136.
1734:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1141:
1129:
1117:
1067:
1055:
1039:
1015:
1005:
995:
983:
971:
959:
947:
935:
923:
526:Learn how and when to remove these messages
63:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2911:
2897:
2889:
488:Languages influencing the English language
2060:List of English words of Old Norse origin
1798:Learn how and when to remove this message
908:List of English words of Afrikaans origin
686:Learn how and when to remove this message
579:Learn how and when to remove this message
294:Learn how and when to remove this message
276:Learn how and when to remove this message
160:Learn how and when to remove this message
659:by adding descriptive text and removing
109:"Foreign-language influences in English"
2878:Mathematical Words: Origins and Sources
2412:
2392:
2106:Words used in religious contexts, like
1574:List of English words of Italian origin
1422:List of English words of Spanish origin
839:List of Greek morphemes used in English
708:Lists of English words of Celtic origin
2567:
2180:List of English words of Arabic origin
1634:List of English words of Turkic origin
1564:; or related to science and culture.
1048:settlements in North America, such as
855:), Christian theological terminology.
198:may be able to help recruit an expert.
18:Foreign language influences in English
2126:or words that have become slang like
1940:List of German expressions in English
900:List of English words of Dutch origin
447:derived from proper names: 3.28%; and
245:), and thus, (iv) appears to violate
7:
2803:. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster.
2617:
2615:
2553:
2551:
2494:
2492:
1732:adding citations to reliable sources
821:are scientific and technical words,
561:adding citations to reliable sources
98:adding citations to reliable sources
2679:"The study of loanwords in English"
904:List of place names of Dutch origin
2831:Geers, Maria (December 22, 2011),
2622:Miller, D. Gary (August 2, 2012).
1088:speakers with English speakers in
1020:); via civil engineering, such as
912:There are many ways through which
458:suggested this set of statistics:
450:all other languages: less than 1%.
25:
1747:"Hindi loanwords" in English
507:This section has multiple issues.
44:This article has multiple issues.
2701:"What Kind of Word is 'Galore'?"
1952:. Most German words relating to
1704:
632:
595:
537:
496:
219:
176:
74:
33:
2839:, De Gruyter, pp. 97–108,
2800:Origins of the English Language
2596:Origins of the English Language
2026:. From German origin are also:
548:needs additional citations for
515:or discuss these issues on the
314:* French or Anglo-Norman, ~29%;
85:needs additional citations for
52:or discuss these issues on the
2532:Our Magnificent Bastard Tongue
2356:Influence of French on English
1578:Words relating to some music,
742:Influence of French on English
738:English words of French origin
1:
2656:. C. Winter. pp. 26–37.
835:English words of Greek origin
763:, and how food was prepared:
462:French (langue d'oĂŻl): 15.2%;
2797:Williams, Joseph M. (1986).
2594:Williams, Joseph M. (1975).
2361:Linguistic purism in English
2333:Linguistic purism in English
2628:. OUP Oxford. p. 159.
2530:McWhorter, John H. (2008).
2423:English Vocabulary Elements
843:English words derived from
189:. The specific problem is:
3076:
2731:. OUP Oxford. p. 65.
2505:. OUP Oxford. p. 22.
2330:
2177:
2159:
2057:
1937:
1693:
1631:
1571:
1419:
1153:
897:
832:
813:Latin influence in English
810:
735:
705:
444:no etymology given: 4.04%;
2458:Fennell, Barbara (1998).
1428:Iberian Romance languages
952:); via painting, such as
404:Shorter Oxford Dictionary
2845:10.1515/9783110901351.97
2220:religious terms such as
2170:'to direct one's gaze'.
233:may need to be rewritten
2725:Durkin, Philip (2014).
2705:www.merriam-webster.com
2499:Durkin, Philip (2014).
2428:Oxford University Press
661:less pertinent examples
355:North Germanic language
235:. The reason given is:
196:WikiProject Linguistics
2381:Philosophy of language
2366:Cultural globalization
1984:; food terms, such as
1620:
1142:
1130:
1118:
1068:
1056:
1040:
1016:
1006:
996:
984:
972:
960:
948:
936:
924:
373:, which descends from
332:West Germanic language
319:
2975:South Asian languages
2778:on September 12, 2014
2466:John Wiley & Sons
2321:Industrial Revolution
1690:South Asian languages
316:* Germanic, ~26%; and
309:
2998:Influenced languages
2920:Linguistic influence
2752:Algeo, John (2010).
2184:Trade items such as
1728:improve this section
988:); warfare, such as
557:improve this article
426:, as inherited from
247:WP:ORIGINAL RESEARCH
94:improve this article
2677:Xiao, Xiao (2020).
2426:. Oxford, England:
1618:comes from Italian
1612:. The English word
823:medical terminology
657:improve the article
2102:Hebrew and Yiddish
456:Joseph M. Williams
424:Germanic languages
320:
3055:Cultural exchange
3037:
3036:
2854:978-3-11-090135-1
2768:978-1-4282-3145-0
2738:978-0-19-957499-5
2635:978-0-19-965426-0
2512:978-0-19-957499-5
2475:978-0-631-20073-4
2437:978-0-19-803753-8
1946:Germanic language
1808:
1807:
1800:
1782:
722:continuous tenses
696:
695:
688:
678:
677:
626:
625:
589:
588:
581:
530:
391:Frankish language
361:, and later from
304:
303:
296:
286:
285:
278:
258:lead layout guide
213:
212:
170:
169:
162:
144:
67:
16:(Redirected from
3067:
3050:English language
2913:
2906:
2899:
2890:
2865:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2828:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2777:
2771:. Archived from
2760:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2649:
2640:
2639:
2619:
2610:
2609:
2591:
2580:
2579:
2573:
2565:
2564:(Thesis thesis).
2555:
2546:
2545:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2496:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2417:
2400:
2397:
2371:Internet culture
1803:
1796:
1792:
1789:
1783:
1781:
1740:
1708:
1700:
1628:Turkic Languages
1623:
1145:
1133:
1121:
1071:
1059:
1043:
1019:
1009:
1004:beleaguer (from
999:
987:
975:
963:
951:
939:
927:
691:
684:
673:
670:
664:
636:
635:
628:
621:
618:
599:
591:
584:
577:
573:
570:
564:
541:
533:
522:
500:
499:
492:
367:Romance language
324:English language
299:
292:
281:
274:
270:
267:
261:
254:improve the lead
223:
222:
215:
208:
205:
199:
180:
179:
172:
165:
158:
154:
151:
145:
143:
102:
78:
70:
59:
37:
36:
29:
21:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3064:
3040:
3039:
3038:
3033:
2993:
2927:Donor languages
2922:
2917:
2874:
2869:
2868:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2830:
2829:
2825:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2781:
2779:
2775:
2769:
2758:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2739:
2724:
2723:
2719:
2709:
2707:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2664:
2651:
2650:
2643:
2636:
2621:
2620:
2613:
2606:
2593:
2592:
2583:
2566:
2557:
2556:
2549:
2542:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2513:
2498:
2497:
2490:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2403:
2398:
2394:
2389:
2352:
2335:
2329:
2312:
2182:
2176:
2164:
2158:
2104:
2062:
2056:
1942:
1936:
1804:
1793:
1787:
1784:
1741:
1739:
1725:
1709:
1698:
1692:
1638:There are many
1636:
1630:
1588:Italian culture
1576:
1570:
1424:
1418:
1158:
1152:
910:
896:
861:
841:
831:
815:
809:
744:
736:Main articles:
734:
718:Yan Tan Tethera
710:
704:
692:
681:
680:
679:
674:
668:
665:
654:
637:
633:
622:
616:
613:
606:needs expansion
600:
585:
574:
568:
565:
554:
542:
501:
497:
490:
399:
318:* Others, ~16%.
317:
315:
313:
311:
300:
289:
288:
287:
282:
271:
265:
262:
251:
224:
220:
209:
203:
200:
194:
181:
177:
166:
155:
149:
146:
103:
101:
91:
79:
38:
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3073:
3071:
3063:
3062:
3060:Global culture
3057:
3052:
3042:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3030:
3029:
3019:
3018:
3017:
3012:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2979:
2978:
2977:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2943:
2942:
2941:
2930:
2928:
2924:
2923:
2918:
2916:
2915:
2908:
2901:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2881:
2873:
2872:External links
2870:
2867:
2866:
2853:
2823:
2809:
2789:
2767:
2744:
2737:
2717:
2692:
2669:
2662:
2641:
2634:
2611:
2604:
2581:
2547:
2540:
2522:
2511:
2488:
2474:
2450:
2436:
2430:. p. 34.
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2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2032:schadenfreude
2029:
2025:
2024:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2006:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1988:
1983:
1982:
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1971:
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1718:
1713:This section
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441:Greek: 5.32%;
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150:February 2022
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99:
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83:This article
81:
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57:
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27:
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3004:
2860:September 4,
2858:, retrieved
2836:
2826:
2814:. Retrieved
2799:
2792:
2780:. Retrieved
2773:the original
2754:
2747:
2727:
2720:
2708:. Retrieved
2704:
2695:
2689:(12): 36–43.
2686:
2682:
2672:
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2595:
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2479:. Retrieved
2460:
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2441:. Retrieved
2422:
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2340:inkhorn term
2336:
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2063:
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2043:
2040:kindergarten
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2021:
2015:
2009:
2003:
1997:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1973:
1967:
1961:
1958:World War II
1943:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
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1887:
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1819:
1815:
1811:
1809:
1794:
1785:
1775:
1768:
1761:
1754:
1742:
1726:Please help
1714:
1675:
1667:
1659:
1647:
1643:
1637:
1613:
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1599:
1595:
1591:
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1431:
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1396:
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1384:
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1372:
1369:Tupi-Guarani
1367:
1361:
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1350:
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1338:
1332:
1327:
1321:
1315:
1310:
1304:
1298:
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1224:
1218:
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1194:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1170:
1164:
1159:
1135:
1123:
1111:
1105:
1099:
1093:
1090:South Africa
1079:
1073:
1061:
1049:
1033:
1027:
1021:
1011:
1001:
991:forlorn hope
989:
977:
965:
953:
941:
929:
917:
911:
887:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
862:
842:
816:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
745:
711:
697:
682:
666:
655:Please help
643:may contain
642:
614:
610:adding to it
605:
575:
566:
555:Please help
550:verification
547:
523:
516:
510:
509:Please help
506:
483:
480:
471:Danish: 2.4%
468:Latin: 3.1%;
453:
434:, excluding
402:
400:
348:
336:Anglo-Saxons
321:
290:
272:
263:
252:Please help
236:
232:
230:lead section
201:
190:
186:
156:
147:
137:
130:
123:
116:
104:
92:Please help
87:verification
84:
60:
53:
47:
46:Please help
43:
26:
2570:cite thesis
2070:Old English
2023:realpolitik
1999:frankfurter
1954:World War I
1426:Words from
1081:Sinterklaas
1075:Santa Claus
1044:); via the
943:keelhauling
617:August 2023
569:August 2023
428:Old English
328:Old English
266:August 2023
204:August 2023
3044:Categories
2951:Hindustani
2481:August 17,
2443:August 17,
2407:References
2327:Opposition
2178:See also:
2160:See also:
2116:hallelujah
2058:See also:
2028:wanderlust
2011:Ăśbermensch
1981:Lebensraum
1963:Blitzkrieg
1938:See also:
1872:juggernaut
1788:April 2022
1758:newspapers
1694:See also:
1632:See also:
1590:, such as
1584:fortissimo
1572:See also:
1432:aficionado
1420:See also:
1232:Athabaskan
1161:Algonquian
1095:wildebeest
1092:, such as
979:still life
937:vrijbuiter
931:freebooter
898:See also:
882:are among
833:See also:
649:irrelevant
512:improve it
120:newspapers
49:improve it
2376:Neologism
2066:Old Norse
2064:Words of
2054:Old Norse
2017:zeitgeist
1993:hamburger
1987:bratwurst
1969:Anschluss
1715:does not
1561:guerrilla
1443:alligator
1346:sasquatch
1294:chocolate
1266:Mescalero
1254:hurricane
1220:monadnock
1125:mannequin
1113:boulevard
1101:apartheid
1086:Afrikaans
1012:to bicker
985:stilleven
961:landschap
955:landscape
949:kielhalen
645:excessive
518:talk page
432:Old Norse
420:: 28.24%;
414:: 28.30%;
397:Loanwords
351:Old Norse
243:WP:VERIFY
55:talk page
2982:Sanskrit
2710:June 22,
2350:See also
2310:Counting
2288:couscous
2227:Assassin
2156:Frankish
2048:rucksack
2044:autobahn
1928:verandah
1900:mandarin
1844:cashmere
1832:bungalow
1684:Yataghan
1621:ombrello
1615:umbrella
1555:flotilla
1503:renegade
1491:platinum
1329:Salishan
1248:cannibal
1214:tomahawk
1208:toboggan
1184:chipmunk
1131:manneken
925:schipper
868:cauldron
853:-ologies
849:-phobias
797:viscount
793:marquess
669:May 2022
651:examples
344:idiolect
3022:Spanish
3005:English
2970:Persian
2963:English
2946:English
2939:Spanish
2816:June 8,
2782:June 8,
2292:falafel
2272:lacquer
2268:jasmine
2264:camphor
2252:azimuth
2248:algebra
2240:alcohol
2218:Islamic
2214:saffron
2198:hashish
2168:*wardĹŤn
2149:schmutz
2134:shmooze
2129:schmuck
2124:jubilee
2108:Sabbath
2078:Danelaw
2074:England
2005:gestalt
1916:shampoo
1912:pyjamas
1888:lacquer
1824:bangles
1820:bandana
1772:scholar
1736:removed
1721:sources
1672:Mammoth
1664:Hungary
1640:Turkish
1609:fascism
1604:balcony
1600:gondola
1568:Italian
1549:vanilla
1543:tornado
1461:embargo
1416:Spanish
1404:piranha
1363:tobacco
1352:geoduck
1340:sockeye
1312:Quechua
1300:avocado
1277:Nahuatl
1260:manatee
1243:Cariban
1172:raccoon
1119:bolwerk
1007:beleger
919:skipper
371:Normans
369:of the
359:Vikings
357:of the
340:dialect
334:of the
239:WP:LEAD
192:edits).
134:scholar
3027:Arabic
3010:French
2958:French
2934:Arabic
2851:
2807:
2765:
2735:
2660:
2632:
2602:
2538:
2509:
2472:
2434:
2304:tahini
2296:hummus
2280:orange
2244:alkali
2236:sharia
2234:, and
2232:hadith
2210:muslin
2206:mohair
2194:cotton
2190:coffee
2174:Arabic
2146:, and
2143:oy vey
2122:, and
2112:kosher
2036:kaputt
2020:, and
1978:, and
1975:FĂĽhrer
1950:German
1934:German
1924:tiffin
1904:mantra
1876:jungle
1864:dinghy
1836:calico
1816:avatar
1774:
1767:
1760:
1753:
1745:
1680:Yogurt
1676:Quiver
1668:Lackey
1660:Doodle
1656:Coffee
1648:Bugger
1592:piazza
1558:, and
1531:siesta
1525:sierra
1485:paella
1467:guitar
1437:albino
1410:toucan
1398:maraca
1392:jaguar
1386:ipecac
1380:cougar
1323:potato
1288:coyote
1282:tomato
1271:apache
1226:mohawk
1202:hominy
1196:squash
1140:(from
1128:(from
1116:(from
1078:(from
1057:koekie
1054:(from
1051:cookie
1038:(from
1029:polder
1017:bicken
1014:(from
994:(from
982:(from
970:(from
958:(from
946:(from
934:(from
922:(from
906:, and
884:Norman
872:kennel
864:Castle
859:Norman
785:prince
779:, and
753:mutton
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