646:(CEC). The CEC has also undertaken similar surveillance overhauls in Venezuela and Bolivia, and has also introduced technology to monitor the Amazon Rainforest in Brazil. The Ecuadorian government has highlighted the benefits of this extensive security system, which has been installed across the nation's 24 provinces. They argue that it has been able to decrease the response time for everyday emergencies such as life-threatening illness, and have cited the system as a large factor in the dramatic drop in crime in Ecuador since its installation. Some individuals have expressed concern about the nature and the pervasiveness of these technologies, however, and how they may be used to create an Ecuadorian police state.
594:
29, Ecuador made a payment of approximately 300 million dollars to part of the bond holders. The
Finance Minister has said that on June 13, the government will reveal all the details of the repurchase. According to government reports, all or almost all of the bonds will be retired from the global market at a price of 30-35 on the dollar. These bonds constitute one fourth of Ecuador's debt. If Ecuador is able to retire these bonds, it would reduce the nation's debt by $ 2 billion, making this a great economic victory for president Rafael Correa and his administration.
1811:
887:
reports that indicate he used his positions to extort bribes, facilitate human trafficking, misappropriate public funds, obstruct investigations and prosecutions of corrupt colleagues, and engage in other corrupt acts for personal enrichment.... Hurtado's corrupt activities were so widely known within the upper ranks of the ENP that some
Embassy officials believe that President Correa must have been aware of them when he made the appointment. These observers believe that Correa may have wanted to have an ENP Chief whom he could easily manipulate."
660:
32:
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financial institutions who profited from the market swings. Correa referred to the allegations as a conspiracy from a powerful banker. On July 26, 2007, Rafael Correa replaced finance minister Patiño, due to Patiño's appearance in a video recording, apparently discussing the market manipulation. Patiño then assumed a newly created position responsible for the
Pacific coast region and later assumed the Politics Affairs Ministry.
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anti-smuggling police. He cited as evidence a letter
Astorga allegedly sent (January 8) demanding that the anti-contraband police return all donated equipment. Subsequently, on February 17, Mark Sullivan, the US Embassy's first secretary in the embassy's office of regional affairs was given 48 hours to leave the country because of his "unacceptable meddling." Foreign Minister
569:"I have lost sleep over this ... this will cost us tears and sweat but I think we are doing the right thing." Correa, who endorses anti-debt NGO Jubilee 2000's slogan "life before debt", is popular among Ecuadorians for his stance against foreign investors. He has already forced foreign companies to change contract terms in the oil and mining industries and ejected a major
733:, on 7 March 2008, after a heated exchange of accusations between Correa and Uribe, the diplomatic crisis was temporarily resolved with Colombia's apologies for the attack and reassurances that it won't be repeated. Correa said that with this resolution Latin America was starting a new era where international principles of justice will have preeminence over power.
631:
demonised and denied that
Ecuador is beholden to, or has mortgaged, its petroleum trade with China. Correa stated that in 2006, 75% of Ecuadorian petroleum went to United States, in exchange for nothing. “Now we have 50% of the committed petroleum with China, in exchange for thousands of millions of dollars to finance the development of this country.”
642:
collectively dubbed the ECU 911 Integrated
Security Service. Much of this new hardware has been developed in Ecuador, but in laboratories designed and set up by China National Electronics Import and Export Corporation (CEIEC), which is a state-owned company and a subsidiary of national defence contractor
558:
On
December 12, Correa said that an interest payment due on Ecuador's national debt would not be made. He declared the country in default: "We are ready to accept the consequences". He described the debt as "immoral", saying the government would take its findings that past debt sales were tainted by
597:
On June 11, 2009, Ecuador announced that it had successfully bought 91% of the bonds at a cost of 30-35 cents to the dollar. The
Finance Minister said that the remaining bond holders will have another opportunity to sell their bonds at the same price of 35%. This move will nominally reduce the total
537:
to benefit
Ecuador from movements in the price of financial instruments linked to Ecuadorian Bonds. A fall in Ecuador bond prices, ignited by aggressive default rhetoric, would trigger a buyback by Ecuador, financed by Venezuelan banks. This strategy collapsed due to operations engaged by Venezuelan
593:
in a mission to present
Ecuador's offer to buy back global bonds 2012 and 2030 at 30% of their current value. Bond holders had until mid-May (extended to June 3) to accept or make an offer. According to the Finance Minister, at least 70% of bond holders have accept the governments' offer. On May
864:
On February 7, 2009, Ecuador–U.S. relations soured particularly after Correa ordered the expulsion of US Immigration and Customs Enforcement attaché Armando Astorga for allegedly suspending $ 340,000 in annual aid because Ecuador would not allow the US State Department to veto appointments to the
855:
We love the United States very much. I lived there. I studied there. We love the people of the United States very much. But obviously, the US foreign policy is questionable. That’s why when they want to pressure us to maintain their military base in our country, a foreign base that they don’t pay
811:
and signed several agreements. Responding to the intrusion of Colombian forces earlier that year, Correa is reported to have discussed the possibility of an arms deal with Iran. As a member of ALBA, Correa participated in a joint declaration of support to the Ahmadinejad government in June 2009.
886:
of a State Department cable implying that Correa must have been aware of the alleged corruption of General Jaime Hurtado when he appointed Hurtado the commanding general of the Ecuadorian National Police (ENP). The cable stated that, prior to Hurtado's appointment, the US embassy had "multiple
641:
In 2012, China loaned Ecuador 240 million dollars for the purpose of overhauling the Ecuadorian security system. This system comprises 4,300 new surveillance cameras, drones, automated evidence processing systems, and increased manpower to manage each of these new technologies, which have been
630:
Correa has stated that relations with China are extremely good and strategic for the country. He has maintained that it is “good business” to obtain credits with interests of 7% to finance projects with a profitability between 23% and 25%. He also complained that these types of operations were
545:
and Ecuador's looming default on $ 510 million of bonds, there was rumor of a possible rift. The drop in the price of Ecuador's biggest export, oil, forced the country to use a 30-day grace period to decide whether to make a $ 30 million interest payment that was due on November 15. Venezuela
706:, a top guerrilla boss, showed ties between the FARC rebels and Correa, including contacts about political proposals and local military commanders. Correa denied the accusations, calling them lies. Correa also said that a deal to release political prisoners – including former Colombian Sen.
550:
tied to Ecuador's bonds that would then force Venezuela to pay $ 800 million if Correa does not make the payment. Venezuela's potential losses may cause a strain in relations between two, who meet every three months and espouse similar socialist themes. An analyst from
832:
Since Rafael Correa came to power, the close and strategic relationship between Ecuador and the United States deteriorated and has since been marked by tension and mistrust. On repeated occasions, Correa has announced Ecuador's unwillingness to renew a lease on the
911:, from the same party as Correa (Alianza PAÍS), the new period has been marked by a re-approximation with the US, moving away from previous allies such as Venezuela and Cuba, and the progressive abandonment of regional integration spheres such as
899:. Instead, Ecuador "unilaterally and irrevocably" withdrew from the agreement itself saying it would not be blackmailed by the U.S. It also offered the US$ 23 million it notionally gains from the agreement to the U.S. for human rights training.
894:
In 2013, relations between the two countries sank to a new low after Ecuador lashed out at threats from the U.S. to revoke a preferential trade agreement offering duty-free access to the U.S. market in regards to the political asylum request of
491:. Correa continued to reiterate a promise to continue the "socialist revolution," his plans to end poverty and to continue "stamping out the structural causes of poverty." He also said the actions of the media were opposing his government.
856:
anything for, either, and they accuse us of being extremists because we don’t want the base—if there’s no problem having foreign military bases in a country, we set a very specific condition: we would keep the North American base in
766:, with a close relationship in oil and defence between these geographically distant countries high on the agenda. On the oil front, the new government in Ecuador reversed an earlier revenue-sharing agreement with
1242:
463:. His second term was commenced on 10 August 2009, the same day as Ecuador's bicentennial. The second term took place amongst greater fanfare with several South American dignitaries in attendance, such as
518:. In his inaugural address on 15 January, Correa stated his belief that part of Ecuador's external debt is illegitimate, because it was contracted by military regimes. He also denounced the "so-called
617:
in 2012, Correa said Ecuador would boycott the event due to the exclusion of Cuba and the lack of discussion on "essential issues;" however he added that this was not a slight on Colombia or Santos.
736:
Currently, there are no diplomatic nor consular relations between Colombia and Ecuador. Correa has declined to resume diplomatic relations until Colombian government fulfill these five conditions:
455:
Rafael Correa took his first term of office as president of Ecuador on 4 December 2006 by the country's electoral court. This inauguration was attended by most regional leaders, as well as the
566:
In a radio address on December 13, Correa said that he wants to force a “big discount” on creditors, whom a day earlier he called “true monsters who won’t hesitate to crush the country”.
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reported that the Ecuadorian government had called the allegation that Correa knowingly promoted a corrupt officer to head the police "unacceptable, malicious and reckless."
258:
242:
1620:
Academy Award-Winning Filmmaker Oliver Stone Tackles Latin America’s Political Upheaval in "South of the Border", US Financial Crisis in Sequel to Iconic "Wall Street"
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met to discuss Colombia's attack and made a series of accusations against Colombia's government. During the meeting, Correa dismissed Colombia's president
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4. Avoid using chemical products on the common border, which has caused several injuries on the local population, both Colombian and Ecuadorian, and
1718:
1441:
428:
638:, exchanged congratulatory messages to celebrate the thirtieth anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between both countries.
1911:
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860:, provided they let us put a military base in Miami. If there's no problem with foreign bases, then we should be able to have one over there.
876:
On 4 April 2011, relations between the two countries deteriorated further when Correa's government declared Ambassador Heather Hodges to be
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841:. SOUTHCOM has the contractual right to leave a year after that date, but has announced it plans to vacate by September 2009. He told
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in early March 2008. On 3 March 2008, Colombia's police said that documents found in a camp in Ecuador where Colombian troops killed
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710:– was nearly complete before the 1 March 2008 Colombian raid into his country. On 5 March 2008, Correa and Venezuelan president
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Correa's political orientation has helped foster ties with Venezuela, which supported Ecuador on several projects. But with the
912:
847:
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5. Help with the expenses for Colombian refugees on Ecuadorian soil. Ecuador is the country with the highest number of foreign
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Correa has called for a renegotiation of Ecuador's $ 10.2 billion external debt, at 25% of GDP, following the example of
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1012:
1243:"Nothing found for 2011 07 06 Correa Afirma Que Relaciones Con China Son Ortancia Estrategica de Relaciones Con China"
527:
522:." Correa has threatened to default on Ecuador's foreign debt, and to suspend review of the country's economy by the
122:
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amid brighter prospect for cooperation and more defence exports, as Ecuador has agreed to be the servicing hub in
598:
foreign debt by $ 2 billion (although it might lead to losing access to private financial markets in the future).
533:
In May 2007, evidence surfaced that some of the Ecuadorian government rhetoric might have been part of an alleged
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said Sullivan, in a meeting with police in early February, questioned a decision by Ecuadorean Police Chief
57:
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2. Send more troops to the south border of Colombia, now in hands of guerrillas and regular criminal bands.
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1575:
798:
777:
In the defence sector, Ecuador became the first country to sign a contract for purchasing the Indian made
610:
464:
350:
97:
530:; indeed, on April 26, 2007, he ordered the expulsion from Ecuador of the World Bank's country manager.
807:
resumed diplomatic relations in the first year of Correa presidency. In December 2008, Correa visited
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http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/americas/04/05/ecuador.us.ambassador/index.html?eref=mrss_igoogle_cnn
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340:
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22:
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439:. This entailed a rough division between relations with other states of the Americas (led by the
288:
104:
515:
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1700:
1400:
1289:
878:
866:
707:
478:
1679:"Changes in the Foreign Policy of Bolivia and Ecuador: Domestic and International Conditions"
1393:"Feature: Chinese technology brings falling crime rate to Ecuador - Xinhua | English.news.cn"
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763:
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and asked her to leave the country as soon as possible. The action came after the leak by
973:
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715:
1554:
673:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
31:
1643:"Ecuador says U.S. ambassador not welcome" CNN, April 5, 2011. Accessed on 4/5/11 at:
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481:
369:
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1677:
Souza, André Luiz Coelho Farias de; Cunha Filho, Clayton M; Santos, Vinicius (2020).
870:
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helicopter of which one will be for use by Correa. The Indian embassy appointed a
555:
said "Chavez will have something to say... will encourage Correa not to default."
873:
to transfer the head of the Special Investigations Unit to another police post.
770:
oil companies and sought to strike a new partnership agreement with state-owned
711:
505:
474:
1274:
703:
523:
1704:
1535:
883:
778:
722:
635:
511:
998:
Dudley, Steven (January 16, 2007). "Ecuador's new leader walks tightrope",
691:
427:'s foreign policy was somewhat similar to that of the other leaders of the
1518:
América Latina empieza nueva era de principios, justicia y derecho: Correa
419:(2007-2017) was the policy initiatives towards other states by the former
695:
552:
824:, a Venezuelan-initiated regional cooperation initiative, in June 2009.
1751:
747:
808:
590:
570:
955:"Correa promises "gigantic struggle" to deepen Socialist revolution"
758:
On 16 November 2008, Foreign Minister Maria Isabel Salvador met her
1574:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Cuba. June 3, 2009. Archived from
1310:"China quiere fortalecer sus relaciones con el Ecuador | HOY"
1154:"Calling Foreign Debt 'Immoral,' Leader Allows Ecuador to Default"
759:
742:
3. Stop trying to link Ecuadorian government with FARC guerrillas.
560:
1357:"Ecuador is fighting crime using Chinese surveillance technology"
1117:"Correa replaces finance minister after Ecuador bond allegations"
1375:"Niño de 7 años llama al ECU 911 y ayuda a su hermana de 3 años"
804:
771:
767:
1722:
738:
1. Send an apology for the attack, which has been already done.
888:
653:
574:
1203:"REFILE-Ecuador plans "very large" cut in debt restructuring"
423:, as differed to past, or future, Ecuadorian foreign policy.
698:, and ordered troops to the country's border following the
718:
as just a "puppet" while others are the "puppet masters".
1178:
Lester Pimentel and Stephan Kueffner (15 December 2008).
634:
On January 2, 2010, Correa and his Chinese counterpart,
1467:"Ecuador: Colombian raid prevented release of captives"
1180:"Ecuador May Hit 'True Monsters' Harder Than Argentina"
1134:
Pimentel, Lester; Cancel, Daniel (November 17, 2008).
1098:"Una parte no revelada del video señala a venezolanos"
1136:
Ecuador's Correa May Burn Ally Chavez in Bond Default
1038:"Ecuador, Calling Debt `Illegitimate,' May Repay 40%"
1013:"Ecuador, Calling Debt 'Illegitimate,' May Repay 40%"
979:"Ecuador's Correa kicks off second presidential term"
1634:," Salon Wire, Feb 18, 2009. Retrieved June 4, 2009.
1225:"Ecuador's president to skip Summit of the Americas"
1900:
1869:
1818:
1763:
1539:. Chennai, India. November 18, 2008. Archived from
577:construction as he seeks to increase state income.
1597:Southcom's New Commander - Lt. Gen. Douglas Fraser
1086:"Ecuador Prosecutors Probe Patino, Banker Meeting"
417:foreign policy of the Rafael Correa administration
1632:Ecuador expels US Embassy official for 'meddling'
1265:
1263:
1074:"El caso Patiño sacude todo el tablero político"
1572:"Ecuador to Officially Join the ALBA Agreement"
1531:"India to boost oil, defence ties with Ecuador"
1025:"Ecuador's new leader has no kind words for US"
690:Correa withdrew his government's ambassador in
1062:"Caught on camera A setback for Rafael Correa"
1734:
1561:, December 15, 2008 . Retrieved June 4, 2009.
1442:Colombia says FARC documents show Correa ties
396:
8:
1657:"Obama retreats on Snowden | Opinions"
1339:"Ecuador's All-Seeing Eye Is Made in China"
1741:
1727:
1719:
403:
389:
17:
1694:
1201:Maria Eugenia Tello (15 December 2008).
1487:Chavez: Cross-border raid a 'war crime'
927:
429:Bolivarian Alternative for the Americas
20:
1555:Ecuador plans to buy weapons from Iran
1294:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1287:
1610:, 3 June 2009. Retrieved 4 June 2009.
1332:
1330:
1036:Pimental, Lester (January 18, 2007).
573:building company in a dispute over a
500:Repudiation of Ecuador's foreign debt
7:
1454:Acusación de Colombia es una patraña
1422:"Ecuador pulls diplomat from Bogotá"
822:Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas
585:On April 16, 2009, Finance Minister
443:) and the rest of the world (namely
1499:Rafael Correa insiste en la condena
1152:Anthony Faiola (13 December 2008).
1683:Brazilian Political Science Review
907:Following the election in 2017 of
14:
1050:"Ecuador expels World Bank envoy"
936:"Ecuador swears in new president"
621:Relations with specific countries
1809:
1750:
1015:, Bloomberg.com, 18 January 2007
658:
363:
316:Minister: José Valencia Amores (
30:
1908:Diplomatic missions of Ecuador
839:United States Southern Command
820:Ecuador officially joined the
789:for Indian defence equipment.
750:on the occidental hemisphere.
468:Cristina Fernández de Kirchner
1:
1696:10.1590/1981-3821202000030004
1469:. Edition.cnn.com. 2008-03-02
1424:. Edition.cnn.com. 2008-03-02
700:2008 Andean diplomatic crisis
644:China Electronics Corporation
543:financial crisis of 2007–2008
1938:Foreign policy by government
1933:Foreign relations of Ecuador
1757:Foreign relations of Ecuador
938:. BBC News. 16 January 2007.
499:
313:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
1456:, El Comercio, 3 March 2008
1064:The Economist, 26 July 2007
1027:, CBC News, 15 January 2007
546:apparently owns structured
528:International Monetary Fund
1954:
1107:. El Universo, 29 May 2007
796:
503:
1807:
1520:El Comercio, 8 March 2008
1508:El Comercio, 6 March 2008
1076:El Comercio, 12 June 2007
1052:, BBC News, 26 April 2007
667:This article needs to be
563:to international courts.
1659:. Al Jazeera. 2013-06-28
1444:, Reuters, 3 March 2008.
1361:South China Morning Post
957:. MercoPress. 2009-08-11
277:Administrative divisions
1630:Jeanneth Valdiviesco, "
1088:Bloomberg, 24 May 2007
862:
799:Ecuador-Iran relations
611:Summit of the Americas
602:Summit of the Americas
589:embarked on a trip to
486:President of Venezuela
465:President of Argentina
329:Diplomatic missions of
261:(popular consultation)
245:(popular consultation)
853:
1543:on November 7, 2012.
835:Eloy Alfaro Air Base
520:Washington Consensus
472:President of Bolivia
461:Spanish Crown Prince
421:President of Ecuador
160:Constitutional Court
1901:Diplomatic missions
1489:, CNN, 6 March 2008
1403:on January 19, 2018
1158:The Washington Post
848:South of the Border
615:Cartagena, Colombia
535:market manipulation
223:Recent referendums
98:Verónica Abad Rojas
23:Politics of Ecuador
1602:2013-08-24 at the
1504:2009-03-01 at the
1103:2008-09-05 at the
1011:Pimental, Lester,
903:After Correa 2017-
731:Dominican Republic
370:Ecuador portal
1920:
1919:
1397:www.xinhuanet.com
1337:Rollet, Charles.
981:. CNN. 2009-08-11
879:persona non grata
708:Ingrid Betancourt
688:
687:
587:Maria Elsa Viteri
479:President of Cuba
457:Iranian President
413:
412:
346:Visa requirements
307:Foreign relations
184:Recent elections
180:Political parties
123:National Assembly
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1399:. Archived from
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764:Pranab Mukherjee
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1271:"Archived copy"
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1231:. 3 April 2012.
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1182:. Bloomberg.com
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1125:. July 26, 2007
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506:Odious debt
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482:Raúl Castro
475:Evo Morales
437:Evo Morales
433:Hugo Chavez
351:Visa policy
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117:Legislative
1927:Categories
1912:in Ecuador
1663:2022-05-01
1582:2009-06-21
1473:2010-03-14
1428:2010-03-14
1407:2019-12-29
1320:2012-03-25
1281:2012-09-04
1253:2016-02-19
985:2009-08-11
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679:April 2010
559:graft and
548:securities
524:World Bank
514:President
504:See also:
451:Background
333:in Ecuador
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1536:The Hindu
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1764:Americas
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1290:cite web
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768:Western
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289:Cantons
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