Foreign relations of the Axis powers

1544:) was determined to remain neutral during the war. The country had several distinct defensive advantages that could help make any incursions into its territory very difficult. Firstly, it is shaped rather like a bowl, with high mountains surrounding and making up its borders with neighbouring countries. There were only four passes by which an army could make an entrance, and the Swiss had already mined every railway tunnel with explosives. Any incursions by the Germans or Italians would be met by a sealed border. Secondly, the Swiss also maintained a very large reserve army—all able bodied men were not only required to serve their time, backed up by regular training—but were required to keep their military equipment in their own homes, to be ready to report to duty within 48 hours of call up. The Germans themselves estimated that any attack on Switzerland would likely result in a 4:1 casualty ratio against them. 2205:. In 1944 the United States government labelled the Argentine government as "fascist" and enacted financial and trade restrictions against the country, urging other countries to do the same. British officials captured Argentina's envoy to Germany, creating a diplomatic disaster for Argentina. In January 1944, under pressure from Britain and the United States, Ramírez agreed to break all ties with the Axis powers. Argentine nationalists were alarmed by this concession and forced Ramírez to resign. For the remaining year of the war, the United States continued to maintain sanctions against Argentina due to its pro-Axis leanings. Argentina only declared war on Germany in 1945, about a month before the end of the war. 1929:

nationalism in strategic resource-rich Sumatra came later, but only after it was clear the Japanese would lose the war). The outer islands under naval control, however, were regarded as politically backward but economically vital for the Japanese war effort, and these regions were governed the most oppressively of all. These experiences and subsequent differences in nationalistic politicization would have profound impacts on the course of the Indonesian Revolution in the years immediately following independence (1945–1950).

124: 1129:, was one of the last European exit points to the US, and a huge number of refugees found shelter in Portugal. Siding with the Axis would have meant that Portugal would have been at war with the United Kingdom, which would have threatened Portuguese Asian and African colonies, while siding with the Allies might prove to be a threat to Portugal itself, resulting in unrestricted submarine warfare and possibly even invasion if the pro-German Spain had joined the Axis. Portugal continued to export 2198:

from the US. The Argentine government feared a potential invasion by Brazil, Chile and Uruguay backed by the US. Castillo was initially determined to resist, and openly joined the Axis, believing that Argentina's geography would allow it to withstand war. Upon Brazil joining the Allied powers in August 1942, Argentina declared itself a non-belligerent, while still negotiating with Germany for weapons. Castillo believed that the Axis would triumph in World War II.

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little attempt to exploit the population of Ukrainian territories' dissatisfaction with Soviet political and economic policies. Instead, the Germans preserved the collective-farm system, systematically carried out genocidal policies against Jews, deported others (mainly Ukrainians and Poles) to work in Germany, and began a systematic depopulation of Ukraine to prepare it for German colonisation.

2411: 25: 2177: 2123:), off the coast of Macau after killing 20 of its crew. The ship might have been carrying contraband war supplies for Nationalist Chinese Forces. It was after this incident that Japan ordered the government of Macau to accept Japanese "advisors" as an alternative to complete military occupation. Later, Japan became even more aggressive in ordering the 907:, which alone killed around 26,000 Jews, and the 2,000 or more Latvian members of the SD. By the end of 1941 almost the entire Jewish population was killed or placed in the death camps. In addition, some 25,000 Jews were transported to Latvia from Germany, Austria and the present-day Czech Republic, of whom around 20,000 were killed. 1948:), first foresaw a war in the Pacific and the opportunity that a Japanese advance on Indonesia might present for the Indonesian independence cause. In February 1942 Imperial Japan invaded the Dutch East Indies quickly over-running outmatched Dutch forces who marched, bussed and trucked Sukarno three hundred kilometres to 2110:. The reason may have been that the Japanese respected Portuguese neutrality, but Japanese troops went in and out of Macau at will with little protest from Portuguese authorities. However, in spite of this situation, the Allied flags were allowed to be displayed in Macau at their respective consulates. 1971:

Subsequently, indigenous forces across both Sumatra and Java aided the Japanese against the Dutch, but would not cooperate in the supply of the aviation fuel which was essential for the Japanese war effort. Desperate for local support in supplying the volatile cargo, Japan now brought Sukarno back to

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under license. As for the Allies, American and British bombers occasionally strayed over Swiss territory earning potshots from Swiss anti-aircraft units or being escorted to the nearest runway by Swiss aircraft for impoundment. As sympathies for either side were to be found everywhere in Switzerland,

572:

managed to scuttle 32 of its larger ships to prevent their use by Germany. Germany succeeded in seizing 14 of the larger and 50 of the smaller vessels and later to raise and refit 15 of the sunken vessels. During the scuttling of the Danish fleet, a number of vessels were ordered to attempt an escape

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pastor. Becker lost favour with the Nazi officials in Germany and was expelled from the party in 1941. Within the first few days of World War II, all members were interned as they were considered a risk to national security. Becker was labelled "Australia's No. 1 Nazi" and his organisation was known

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Macau remained almost completely isolated from the outside world, but was never occupied by the Japanese forces during World War II. It remained neutral during the war, but was essentially out of contact with the Portuguese government in Lisbon. This prevented either reinforcement or withdrawal. The

1747:

was interested in the concept and ordered more volunteers to be recruited, but only approximately 30 soldiers volunteered for this unit (including 3 Canadian, 3 Australians, 3 South Africans and 1 New Zealander). The unit never saw any action, but a few men from this unit are believed to have fought

1603:

Turkey decided to remain neutral so as not to alienate the Allies, however it also signed a neutrality pact with Germany. It also shipped chromium, a vital element in the production of planes, tanks and U-boats, to Nazi Germany until the Turkish declaration of war. Turkey was the last country during

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along with other Estonians by the Soviets. It is estimated that a few thousand Estonian Jews suffered this fate. Out the approximately 4,300 Jews in Estonia prior to the war, 950 Jews were caught by the Nazis. Round-ups and killings of Jews began immediately following the arrival of the first German

507:

Denmark coordinated its foreign policy with Germany, extending diplomatic recognition to Axis collaborator and puppet regimes and breaking diplomatic relations with the "governments-in-exile" formed by countries occupied by Germany. Denmark broke diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union and signed

487:

and the Danish government, worried about German bombings if they resisted occupation, accepted "protection by the Reich" in exchange for nominal independence under German military occupation, thereby ending the fighting in Denmark already on the day of the invasion. Three successive Prime Ministers,

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to be used in the German arms industry. As Germany's preparations for war became more apparent and the risk of another war became obvious, international interest in Swedish ore increased. Germany attempted to pressure Sweden into increasing their ore exports, but without success. However, relations

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drew Argentina closer to the Axis; in 1942 Argentina approached Germany with a request to purchase airplanes, weapons, and other equipment. Argentine General Domingo Martínez claimed that President Castillo was concerned over the country's relations with Brazil, with Argentina facing an ultimatum

1843:

Although Afghanistan declared their neutrality on August 17, 1940, the British and Soviets were still alarmed by the large number of German non-diplomatic personnel within the country. In October, both British and Soviet governments ordered that Afghanistan remove all Axis non-diplomatic personnel

616:

After Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941, and the Wehrmacht reached Estonia in July 1941, most Estonians greeted the Germans with relatively open arms and hoped for restored independence but it soon became clear that sovereignty was out of the question. Estonia became a part of

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remained as technical head of state with the title of State President; German officials manned departments analogous to cabinet ministries, while small German control offices were established locally. The Gestapo assumed police authority. Jews were dismissed from the civil service and placed in an

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Chile despite orbit revolve more direct U.S. influence, maintained a neutral position throughout most of the development of this confrontation. However, when the defeat of the Axis was almost accomplished, due to international pressure Chile became part of the Allies and ended up declaring war on

1524:

sold 1.3 billion francs worth of gold to Swiss Banks in exchange for Swiss francs and other foreign currency. Hundreds of millions of francs worth of this gold was monetary gold plundered from the central banks of occupied countries. 581,000 francs of "Melmer" gold taken from Holocaust victims in

378:

The policy of the island governments, acting under instructions from the British government communicated before the occupation, was one of passive co-operation, although this has been criticised because of the deportation of Jews from the islands. Some island women fraternised with the occupying

1657:

Initially, the Germans were received as liberators by many Ukrainians, especially in Western Ukraine which had only been occupied by the Soviet forces in 1939. However, German rule in the occupied territories eventually aided the Soviet cause. Nazi officials of conquered Soviet territories made

1928:

as the most politically sophisticated, but economically the least important area; its people were Japan's main resource. As such—and in contrast to Dutch suppression—the Japanese encouraged Indonesian nationalism in Java and thus increased its political sophistication (similar encouragement of

1053:

government of his old army colleague, Marshal Philippe Pétain. Nonetheless, his tiny principality was tormented by domestic conflict partly as a result of Louis' indecisiveness, and also because the majority of the population was of Italian descent; many of them supported the fascist regime of

1844:

from the country. The Shah and his tutors regarded the demands as insulting and illegitimate, but they had taken note of the swift invasion of Iran conducted in August. Not wanting the same thing to happen to their country, they accepted the demands and began practicing absolute neutrality.

1459:. Access to the Swedish railways was later granted on condition that the number of German soldiers travelling to occupied Norway would balance the number leaving (in practice this limitation would be ignored). Sweden also allowed German naval transports to take shortcuts across Swedish 240:

As a result, Austria ceased to exist as an independent country during World War II. Technically, this annexation was forced by military invasion, but large parts of the Austrian population were in favour of the Nazi regime. The large Jewish population (about 200,000 Jews were living in

1555:

bombers and shot many of them down. The German pilots had assumed the Bf 109s to be German and took no evasive action at first, until they'd been pounced on. There were several other engagements between German and Swiss aircraft during the war. The Swiss also built the French-designed

209:

by ordering search warrants for the headquarters of the socialist party. At that time the socialist party structures were already weakened and the uprising of its supporters was quickly defeated. Subsequently, the socialist party and all its ancillary organisations were banned.

1839:

under the tutelage of his uncles and one of his cousins invited and received industrial support from Germany. By 1935, German engineers and businessmen had developed factories and hydroelectric projects within Afghanistan. Minor support from Japan and Italy was also expected.

819:

during 1944-1945. After the war, they were court-martialed and imprisoned by the British, who prosecuted them since they had been serving in the British Army before they defected. And a third person, Patrick O'Neill, an Irish doctor, may have served in SS-Sturmbataillon 500.

1959:

The Japanese had their own files on Sukarno and approached him with respect wanting to use him to organise and pacify the Indonesians. Sukarno on the other hand wanted to use the Japanese to free Indonesia: "The Lord be praised, God showed me the way; in that valley of the

2608:, and Delaney is believed to later have served in the Légion des Volontaires Français (LVF). He met Monti and probably arranged for him to enter the Waffen-SS. Delaney was killed in 1945. Another eight American volunteers are known to have been killed in German service. 1320:). These and other export goods were being transported through Soviet and occupied Polish territories and thereby circumvented the British naval blockade of Germany. The Soviet Union also aided the Nazis by setting up a naval base near Murmansk in support of Hitler's 2295:, which was admired by many members of the government and the Armed Forces. Brazil's relations with Germany were so strong that, along with its strategic position in the Atlantic and its abundance of natural resources, the country was invited to officially join the 1066:, who died in a Nazi concentration camp. Under Prince Louis' secret orders, the Monaco police, often at great risk to themselves, warned people in advance that the Gestapo was planning on arresting them. The country was liberated as German troops retreated. 1016:

the Lietuvos Savisaugos Dalys (Lithuanian Self Defence). These were then joined into the Policiniai Batalionai (Lithuanian Police Battalions) called by the Germans the Schutzmannschaft, with a total of 8,388 men by August 1942. Another infamous unit was the

2658:. Although not directly linked to Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy or Japan, it believed that greater links with the Axis nations would benefit Australia's long term interests. Unlike other right-wing organisations founded in Australia in the 1930s (such as the 2472:

Germany, Italy and Japan. Chile only diplomatically participated in the war as not sent troops to the battlefield. Paradoxically, Chile to be belligerent to the Allied cause, was part of the countries that in 1945 gave birth to the United Nations (UN).

853:

for a re-invasion of Ireland spurred Irish preparations for defence of the island against the possibility of a German or British attack. Later in the war when the threat of a British invasion subsided The Irish government allowed RAF planes to fly the

2188:

maintained close relations with the Axis powers while officially remaining neutral. These close relations with the Axis irritated the United States, which cancelled weapons shipments to the country while increasing shipments to Argentina's neighbour,

1866:

sought German advice in reforming the military to resist the Japanese and the Communists. At the height of this cooperation, Sino-German exchange accounted for 17% of China's foreign trade and China was the third largest trading partner with Germany.

2005:(BPUPK), the Japanese-organised committee established as the initial stage of the establishment of independence for the area under the control of the Japanese 16th Army. On September 7, 1944, with the war going badly for the Japanese, Prime Minister 719:

emerged. From 1941 to 1944 the collaborationist governments and sympathisers comprising the infamous "Security Battalions" (Greek: Ταγματασφαλίτες, Tagmatasfaletes) fought against the guerrilla forces of both the rightist and leftist factions of the

1403:

When Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941, Franco immediately offered to form a unit of military volunteers to join the invasion. This was accepted by Hitler and, within two weeks, there were more than enough volunteers to form a division—the

2737: 1489:) and saw combat on the Eastern Front. This was a choice made by individual Swedish citizens, and not Swedish government policy (foreign recruitment of volunteers was banned in Sweden). Some 1,600 Swedes served legally as volunteers during the 1000:

and, in fact, they viewed the natives as second-class citizens. Lithuania lost its independence completely, and economic conditions were harsh, especially in cities and towns (in villages people were at least able to grow food for themselves).

217:

cabinet approved a new constitution that abolished freedom of the press, established a one party system (known as "The Patriotic Front") and created a total state monopoly on employer-employee relations. This system remained in force until the

1057:

In 1943, the Italian Army invaded and occupied Monaco, setting up a fascist puppet government. Soon after, following Mussolini's fall in Italy, the German Army occupied Monaco and began the deportation of the Jewish population. Among them was

1653:

in 1942, while other Ukrainians initially collaborated with the Nazis, having been ignored by all other powers. In 1941 the German invaders and their Axis allies initially advanced against desperate but unsuccessful efforts of the Red Army.

1350:. In the weeks before a declaration of war, Japan was actively lobbying The Soviet Union to appeal to the western allies in hopes of achieving more favourable surrender conditions. The Soviet Union ended the Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact 2575:) to visit Japan and establish business with Count Aisuke Kabayama (of the Iron Manufacture Company of Japan), Fuji Fujizawa (charged with collecting scrap iron in United States) and Noburo Ohtani (President of N.Y.K. Lines) among others. 1994:(Javanese volunteer army troops) via speeches broadcast on the Japanese radio and loud speaker networks across Java. By mid-1945 these units numbered around two million, and were preparing to defeat any Allied forces sent to re-take Java. 482:

signed a treaty of non-aggression, which did not contain any military obligations for either party. On April 9, 1940, citing intended British mining of Norwegian and Danish waters as a pretext, Germany occupied both countries. King

226:. The Patriotic Front government frustrated the ambitions of Nazi sympathisers in Austria who wished both political influence and unification with Germany, leading to the assassination of Dollfuss on July 25, 1934. His successor 1932:

In addition to revived Indonesian nationalism, equally important for the coming independence struggle and internal revolution was the Japanese orchestrated economic, political and social dismantling and destruction of the Dutch

577:

in exile In 1943, Swedish authorities allowed 500 Danish soldiers in Sweden to train themselves as "police troops". By the autumn of 1944, Sweden raised this number to 4,800 and recognised the entire unit as a Danish military

1021:(Saugumo policija). Despite the fact that the purpose of their creation was different, these Lithuanian units participated in the Holocaust, especially within Lithuania (including the areas of Vilnius region that are now in 1921:. In the decades before the war, the Dutch had been overwhelmingly successful in suppressing the small nationalist movement in Indonesia so the Japanese proved fundamental in preparing the coming Indonesian independence. 702:

leaders, clerics, population, military, and persons on both left and right political spectrum resisted the Italian, German, and Bulgarian occupation, a small group of sympathisers, including the puppet governments of the

1858:

China enjoyed cordial relations with Germany after World War I, because Germany lost its colonial holdings in China with its defeat. China demanded German industrial expertise, while Germany saw China as a large market.

253:, of which about 250,000 were killed. Nearly 67,000 Austrians served in the Waffen SS, a disproportionately high number viz. its population compared with Germany's at the time. Austrian troops made up the bulk of seven 1222:

There were talks between Soviet Union and United Kingdom and France for an alliance against the growing power of Germany but these talks failed. As a result, on August 23, 1939, the Soviet Union and Germany signed the

2093:

emigres, initially captured by the Soviets in 1939 were released via Iran. Thousands of Iranians became extremely valuable labourers for the allies, driving trucks and providing supplies vital to the war effort.

1874:

in 1937, as Germany favoured Japan, its Anti-Comintern Pact ally, as a bulwark against the Soviet Union. Contacts persisted for some time, until July 1941, when Nazi Germany recognised the Japanese puppet

1454:

gave the Wehrmacht access to the Swedish rail system, allowing the Germans to transfer 60 soldiers under the guise of red-cross personnel from the occupied areas in Southern Norway to the fighting at the

565:. The Danish government had been promised that these expenses would be repaid later, but this never happened. The construction of the Atlantic Wall fortifications in Jutland cost 5 billion Danish kroner. 1592:. As it turned out, by 1942 the German Army was almost on Turkey's eastern doorstep, only a few miles from the Soviet-Turkish border as they pushed down into the Caucasus. However, the Soviet victory at 2582:, a former railway engineer and expert on Chinese affairs who in 1935 published "The Case for Manchukuo" (D. Appletone Century Co. New York), where he argued in favour of the Japanese protection of the 957:. Liechtenstein remained neutral throughout World War II, and its neutrality was never violated by any of the combatants. However, two factors have linked the Liechtensteinian state to the Axis cause: 555:

Denmark supplied agricultural and industrial products to Germany as well as loans for armaments and fortifications. The German presence in Denmark, including the construction of the Danish part of the

2596:

became members of the German armed forces, but no unit organised of American volunteers was ever raised. Five US citizens served in the Waffen-SS in May 1940; among them were Martin James Monti (from

363:

on June 30, 1940, to whom the island officially surrendered. Jersey surrendered on July 1. Alderney, where no one remained, was occupied on July 2, and a small detachment travelled from Guernsey to

2002: 375:

and the States of Guernsey handed overall control to the German authorities. Day-to-day running of island affairs became the responsibility of a Controlling Committee, chaired by Ambrose Sherwill.

2705:

in 1938 the local Nazis became active again and apparently planned to seize some key government institutions. Later, Matthes went broke and Berlin dissolved the Samoan Nazi Party in April 1939.

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in December 1941, there were some American businessmen linked with Japanese commerce and supporters of the Japanese cause in the country. For example, the 1939 Commerce Agreement permitted

293:. The Germans imposed a brutal racist regime, burning down some 9,000 Belarusian villages, deporting some 380,000 people for slave labour, and killing hundreds of thousands more civilians. 6732: 4750: 2662:), which were essentially monarchist and pro-British Empire, the Australia First Movement was unique in that it proposed that the country become a republic as a future form of government. 1561:

how German or Allied aircrews were treated when apprehended depended on the sympathies of the captors. Some were beaten and kept in camps, others given a considerable amount of freedom.

971:, had worked on estates in Austria owned by the Liechtensteinian royal house. The family also bought property in Austria and Czechoslovakia which had been taken from Jews by the Nazis. 4673: 4645: 3789: 633: 5077: 341:

and many others. Nazi Germany and fascist groups had moved to Belgium to establish a fascist party in Belgium. They had some success; Belgium decided not to go with any Axis powers.

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Active resistance to the German occupation among the populace, virtually nonexistent before 1943, increased after the declaration of martial law. The intelligence operations of the

429: 2708:

Some documents that were found in Germany after the war proved that twelve Western Samoans had official NSDAP membership cards. Ten of them emigrated to New Zealand after the war.

2208:

The close ties between Argentina and Nazi Germany proved controversial near the end of the war and afterwards, as Nazi personnel and capital began to arrive in Argentina in 1944.

5693: 5056: 4365: 3990: 3131: 3102: 2432: 42: 1879:, extinguishing ties with Chiang's government. Nationalist China formally declared war on Japan and Nazi Germany on December 9, 1941, after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. 1547:

Not that the Swiss went untested: in May 1940, Luftwaffe aircraft flew into Swiss airspace to attack French targets behind the lines and to test the Swiss response. Swiss-built

4706: 4652: 3838: 2747: 5163: 4659: 4275: 1471: 568:

The Danish protectorate government lasted until August 29, 1943, when the cabinet resigned following a declaration of martial law by occupying German military officials. The

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as Chancellor. With a Nazi administration in place and the country integrated into Nazi Germany, a referendum on April 10 approved the annexation with a majority of 99.73%.

1862:

With the ascent of the Nazis in Germany in 1933, Germany entered intense cooperation with China, as the Nazis required Chinese raw materials for its planned economy, while

3685: 1584:, the German foreign minister, visited Ankara with hopes of persuading Turkey to join the Axis powers. This would have significantly shortened the Axis route through the 5049: 4496: 4372: 2727: 1917:

During the occupation, the Japanese encouraged and backed Indonesian nationalistic feeling, created new Indonesian institutions and promoted nationalist leaders such as

330:

choose to remain in the country, rather than going into exile. Around 15,000 Belgians served in two separate divisions of the Waffen-SS, divided along linguistic lines.

1419:

Additionally, over 100,000 Spanish civilian workers were sent to Germany to help maintain industrial production to free up able bodied German men for military service.

1183:). The Allied military forces remained only as long as militarily necessary which was only a few weeks. In all, the fighting killed about 60 inhabitants of San Marino. 1156:

was not occupied by Japan unlike its neighbouring Hong Kong, and Portugal ended World War II one of the five (non micro-state) European countries that managed to avoid

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Inomata, Aiko Kurasawa (1997). "Indonesia Merdeka Selekas-lekasnya: Preparations for Independence in the Last Days of Japanese Occupation". In Abdullah, Taufik (ed.).

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between Germany and Sweden remained co-operative, as Sweden continued its exports off the record. In addition to iron ore, Germany required SKF Swedish ball bearings.

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maintained the ban on Nazi activities in Austria, but was forced to resign on March 11, 1938, following a demand by Hitler for power-sharing with pro-German circles.

2318:

Canada, though it entered the war in 1939 and was one of the first nations to declare war on the Axis, had a fascist movement throughout the 1930s through to 1940.

552:

Denmark transferred six torpedo boats to Germany in 1941, although the bulk of its navy remained under Danish command until the declaration of martial law in 1943.

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to Swedish waters, and 13 vessels succeeded in this attempt, four of which were larger ships. By the autumn of 1944, these ships officially formed a Danish naval

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had done. Despite having an army of 125,000 men, the Iranians were poorly trained and led, and taken by surprise. Most units quickly surrendered. Conversely, the

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promised independence for Indonesia, although no date was set. This announcement was seen as immense vindication for Sukarno's collaboration with the Japanese.

693: 5490: 4550: 5346: 5330: 5302: 5070: 3757: 1912: 2143:

biggest problems facing the colonial authorities of Macau were caused by Chinese civilians taking refuge from the Japanese. Shortly after Portugal made the

541:

was open to members of the Danish Royal Army and those who had completed their service within the last ten years. Between 4,000 and 10,000 Danes joined the

6247: 5314: 5226: 5170: 5133: 5126: 4415: 2969: 457: 745:

was part of the United Kingdom. In 1939–40, Germany attempted to infiltrate spies into the UK by way of Éire, but these attempts consistently failed (see

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at that time), which had had considerable significance for science and culture at that time, was killed or forced into exile, as were many socialist and

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tutor), Brigade General F.H. Burnell-Nugent (chief of the British embassy guards in Tianjin), among others supported the Japanese plans related to the

437:

extralegal position. Political parties were banned, and many democratic politicians fled to France and United Kingdom where they established anti-Nazi

6725: 5353: 3743: 3701: 920: 6574: 1093: 4393: 4167: 3930: 3796: 3607: 954: 300:

that had not been evacuated, was killed. One of the first uprisings of a Jewish ghetto against the Nazis occurred in 1942 in a small Polish town of

1814:

were recognised as a member of the Allies, but instead of fighting against Germans and Italians, they collaborated with them in a struggle against

89: 5469: 4303: 3803: 3715: 3651: 2163:

Tibet's economic and foreign policy was influenced by Japan, and Japan sought admission of Tibet into the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere.

1485:

Responding to German appeals for volunteers, between 130 and 300 Swedish citizens enlisted in the German Armed Forces (most of them served in the

2933: 2253:, before and during the war, had commercial ties with Germany and Italy; for example, the country acquired German aircraft and weapons including 1493:, where Finland fought on the side of the Axis against the Soviet Union. About 400 of this group consisted of regular officers on leave from the 1281: 61: 5672: 5184: 4034: 3572: 3153: 1144:

forces in 1942, but did not actively resist. The colony was subsequently occupied by Japan. Timorese and Portuguese civilians assisted Allied

6268: 5700: 5446: 5321: 4407: 4238: 3944: 3861: 3541: 3406: 3258: 3010: 2843: 1516:

was the only remaining major freely convertible currency in the world, and both the Allies and the Germans sold large amounts of gold to the

611: 452:

that would aid the German war effort, and special offices were organised to supervise the management of industries important to that effort.

276: 6501: 5908: 68: 5794: 4959: 4426: 4422: 4400: 4004: 2686:. Following this, they began to receive literature and printed propaganda from the Auslandsabteilung (Foreign Branch) of the Nazi Party in 1439: 1273:. Finnish defence prevented a complete occupation of the country, but Finland was forced to cede strategically important border areas near 874: 6416: 5880: 1666:

In the UK, during the late 1920s and 1930s, there were some individuals and political groups that sympathised with fascism. They included

1347: 927:, hoping to provoke Nazi Germany's annexation of the country. However, the coup was aborted after opponents blocked the participants off. 5212: 5198: 4411: 1389:. Franco described Spain as a "nonbelligerent" member of the Axis and signed the Anti-Comintern Pact of 1941 with Hitler and Mussolini. 421: 417: 400: 396: 392: 6494: 5950: 4181: 1207:. However the Nationalist forces were victorious. In 1938 and 1939, the USSR fought and defeated Japan in two separate border wars, at 1089: 6625: 6372: 5665: 5616: 5374: 4929: 4020: 3868: 3722: 1565: 1501: 1423: 1157: 862: 158: 75: 4680: 6861: 6741: 5623: 5595: 5412: 4994: 4713: 3456: 2889: 2458: 846: 442: 350: 108: 5936: 2322: 1580:, even though its neighbours to the west were all occupied by the Axis (including Greece, while Bulgaria was allied with Germany). 1117:, was personally sympathetic to the Axis, but Portugal and the United Kingdom were bound by the world's oldest defence treaty, the 724:. These were widely reviled in colloquial Greek as Germanotsoliades (Greek: Γερμανοτσολιάδες, literally meaning "German Tsolias"). 582:

in exile. Danish collaboration continued on an administrative level, with the Danish bureaucracy functioning under German command.

6778: 6173: 5873: 5112: 5008: 4844: 4521: 3967: 2536:

offers to take the Axis side during World War II. However, there were some Mexican citizens linked to the Spanish Fascist Party.

934: 931: 438: 404: 57: 6132: 4904: 1422:

Despite strong pro-Axis leanings, Spain managed to end World War II as one of only five (non micro-state) European countries to

6302: 6143: 5968: 5727: 5686: 5579: 5517: 4174: 4043: 4011: 2481: 6538: 6331: 5568: 4691: 2336:. An admirer of Adolf Hitler, Arcand referred to himself as the "Canadian führer". In October 1934, the party merged with the 6688: 6660: 5019: 4741: 4381: 4112: 3831: 3736: 3621: 2436: 1258: 644: 297: 290: 46: 6632: 6563: 6388: 5602: 2089:

For the rest of the war, Iran was a vital source of oil for the allies, and an important supply route for the Soviets. Many

2050:, might fall into German hands — the refinery produced eight million tons of oil in 1940 and was thus a crucial part of the 1110: 2905: 1627:

Turkey, however did declare war on Germany at the very end of the conflict as a means of being allowed to join the postwar

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Faces of Neutrality: A Comparative Analysis of the Neutrality of Switzerland and Other Neutral Nations During World War II

2390: 2307: 2018: 1888: 3074: 6822: 6718: 6093: 6054: 4973: 4808: 4793: 4720: 4699: 4517: 4195: 3981: 3974: 3958: 3669: 3628: 3600: 2732: 1853: 1597: 1351: 712: 534: 1224: 996:

After the German invasion, Lithuanians soon realised that the Nazis had no plans for an independent or even autonomous

537:. A government statement following the formation of the Frikorps was widely interpreted as a sanctioning of the corps. 6785: 6109: 6061: 5679: 5651: 5504: 5119: 5098: 4619: 4282: 3678: 2847: 2742: 2722: 2626: 2132: 1945: 979: 773:

The German military also drew up plans detailing how an invasion of Ireland might take place. These plans were titled

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In 1941 the Soviets and British jointly invaded Iran to prevent the Shah from joining the Axis orbit as neighbouring

1413: 2767: 2113:

After August 1943, Japanese influence in Macau increased after they attacked and captured a British cargo ship, the

6079: 5998: 5943: 5831: 5437: 5063: 4987: 4889: 4766: 4638: 4631: 4591: 4564: 4296: 4229: 3896: 3824: 3635: 3565: 2630: 1640: 1500:

Despite all this, Sweden managed to survive World War II as one of only five (non micro-state) European nations to

1034: 991: 878: 605: 586: 338: 270: 2650:

by Australian security operatives. A very small number of Australians were also believed to be recruited into the

1940:

In early 1929, during the so-called Indonesian National Revival, Sukarno and fellow Indonesian nationalist leader

82: 6485: 6402: 6187: 6047: 6019: 5852: 5757: 5547: 4980: 4054: 3708: 3519: 2193:, in an attempt to pressure the Argentine government to abandon its ties with the Axis. Newly elected president 2060:

was steadily advancing through the Soviet Union and there were few ways for the Allies to get desperately needed

2047: 1987: 1683: 1621: 1251: 1247: 1172: 1149: 1005: 961: 924: 774: 3053: 2966: 545:, including 77 officers of the Royal Danish Army. An estimated 3,900 Danes died fighting for Germany during the 6224: 6201: 5453: 5254: 5247: 4911: 4571: 4543: 4536: 4259: 3923: 2655: 2638: 2605: 2421: 2128: 1871: 1769: 1650: 1018: 891:

on July 1, 1941. Immediately after the instalment of German authority, a process of eliminating the Jewish and

2139:, an island adjacent to Macau. The Japanese were also given the authority to conduct house-to-house searches. 2948: 2641:, he became the leading Nazi Party organiser for Australia, gathering around a number of people, including a 2302:

Before and during the war, there were some Brazilian political groups with native fascist doctrines like the

6646: 6590: 6460: 6320: 6005: 5658: 5554: 5460: 5028: 4896: 4866: 4830: 4815: 4687: 4579: 4557: 4503: 4489: 4471: 4135: 3916: 3644: 3593: 2817: 2572: 2548: 2440: 2425: 1876: 1617: 1557: 1400:

during the Spanish Civil War, and Italian combat troops had actually fought in Spain on the side of Franco.

1196: 1063: 733: 379:

forces, although this was frowned upon by the majority of islanders, who gave them the derogatory nickname "

286: 35: 3201:"The Lure of Nepture: German-Soviet Naval Collaboration and Ambitions, 1919–1941", Tobias R. Philibin III, 823:

Conversely more than 40,000 Irish fought alongside the British during the war, including the youngest ever

777:

and any invasion was to act as a diversionary attack in support of a main attack to conquer Britain titled

6338: 6231: 6033: 5984: 5887: 5780: 5750: 5533: 5421: 5147: 4938: 4529: 4510: 4480: 4027: 3997: 3239:

Reinhard Müller, Deutschland. Sechster Teil (München and Berlin: R. Oldenbourg Verlag, 1943), pp. 116-130.

2697:

from the Nazi Party's World Congress organised in Hamburg, Germany. In the same year the German consul in

2560: 2505: 2489: 2485: 2202: 2051: 1740: 1541: 1329: 1321: 1212: 1118: 1105: 593: 327: 134: 5001: 3531: 1811: 1788:

established the independent State of the Vatican City and granted Catholicism a special status in Italy.

1705:. This territory was important for Germany and it allowed Germany to be encircled by the Western Powers. 858:

beginning in 1941. This was a contravention of Irish neutrality and was thus not publicised at the time.

322:

by Germany, Belgium withdrew from its alliance with France and declared itself neutral, compromising the

6829: 6552: 6395: 6291: 6261: 6217: 5957: 5922: 5915: 5838: 5736: 5177: 5154: 4612: 4149: 3889: 3875: 3558: 2579: 2303: 2223:

during the 1930s had some commercial links with Germany and Italy; these countries acquired a number of

2083: 2075: 1815: 1367: 1346:

The Soviet Union and Japan remained neutral towards each other for most of the war per agreement in the

1208: 1191:

Relations between the Soviet Union and the major Axis powers were generally hostile before 1939. In the

946: 827: 793: 763: 676:, France had signed the Munich Agreement which would allow Hungary and Nazi Germany, 2 Axis powers, and 561: 473: 233:

On March 12, German troops entered Austria, who met celebrating crowds, in order to install Nazi puppet

123: 4204: 1059: 781:. Both of these plans were shelved by 1942. Germans also came to Ireland, the most notable of whom was 2930: 2155:. At the end of World War II, after the Japanese surrender, Macau returned to its previous normality. 960:

In 2005, it was revealed that Franz Josef II profited directly from the Holocaust. Labourers from the

456:

were drafted to work in coal mines, the iron and steel industry, and armaments production; some young

249:

Austrian politicians. Approximately 1.2 million Austrians either volunteered or were drafted into the

6856: 6653: 6508: 6159: 6116: 6086: 6012: 5822: 5801: 4727: 3882: 2682:

were authorised to establish a short-lived branch of the National Socialist German Workers' Party in

2201:

In 1943 a military coup overthrew the Argentine government. A military junta was established, led by

2024: 1548: 1325: 1246:

On September 1, barely a week after the pact had been signed, the partition of Poland commenced with

708: 234: 2792: 2675: 1008:

group formed five police companies to assist in the occupation the country. Later, the units around

6771: 6545: 6423: 6379: 5901: 5035: 4801: 4328: 4158: 4142: 4091: 2881: 2383: 2103: 1986:

in Japanese. Sukarno was lastingly ashamed of his role with the rōmusha. He also was involved with

1836: 1773: 1667: 1517: 1336: 1240: 1180: 1171:

was officially neutral in World War II. It was sympathetic to the Axis because it was ruled by the

509: 3018: 2851: 2329:) was a Quebec-based fascist and anti-semite party founded in February 1934. The party was led by 2136: 813:

A few Irish people served in German forces; for example, James Brady and Frank Stringer served in

649:

Estonia had a Jewish population of 4,300 people before the war. Most of the Jews were deported to

6764: 6597: 6522: 6476: 6446: 6354: 6194: 5859: 5743: 5637: 5588: 5526: 5282: 5233: 5042: 4945: 4666: 4321: 4252: 4119: 3506: 3467: 2651: 2501: 2115: 1732: 1460: 1451: 1447: 1378: 1355: 964: 778: 618: 590: 214: 206: 6809: 2679: 2551:, the President of Mexico at the time, entered World War II on the Allied side late in the war. 2078:, although tiny, did fight back fiercely against British naval units until quickly overwhelmed. 803: 2397:, and Arcand and many of his followers were arrested and detained for the duration of the war. 6755: 6639: 6529: 6469: 6430: 6363: 6345: 6311: 6254: 6208: 6152: 5977: 5715: 5707: 5644: 5497: 5091: 4623: 4268: 4245: 4084: 4063: 3773: 3537: 3490: 3452: 3254: 2885: 2544: 2371: 2364: 2341: 2284: 2254: 2194: 2124: 1949: 1709: 1613: 1479: 1475: 1393: 1192: 750: 746: 699: 655: 569: 489: 355:

While the German Army was preparing to land an assault force of two battalions to capture the

319: 6674: 6667: 6611: 6275: 6040: 6026: 5929: 5866: 5817: 5630: 5483: 5430: 5240: 5191: 5105: 4335: 4312: 3845: 3482: 2564: 2540: 2394: 2224: 2054:

war effort. For the Soviets, Iran was a country of extreme strategic importance. The German

1961: 1749: 1744: 1690: 1490: 1456: 1372: 1216: 1204: 1137: 1121:. After the UK invoked the treaty, a major Allied air and naval base was established in the 1075: 942: 855: 782: 766:(IRA), but found that the IRA was in no condition to be of serious use. IRA members such as 742: 721: 673: 667: 517: 301: 254: 227: 2280:

armoured vehicles. Brazil also acquired licenses for manufacturing some of these aircraft.

1791:

The Holy See was one of few states that established diplomatic relations with the Japanese

1324:

against Britain. Germany ended the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact by invading the Soviet Union in

741:, as the Republic of Ireland was known at the time, was officially neutral during the war. 6697: 6409: 6324: 6282: 6180: 6123: 5991: 5773: 5764: 5293: 4875: 4851: 4447: 4105: 3158: 2973: 2955: 2937: 2517: 2288: 2043: 1863: 1717: 1581: 1396:

with the help of Germany and Italy. Spain owed Germany over $ 212 million for supplies of

1386: 1176: 975: 425: 356: 2135:. Furthermore, Japanese authorities ordered Portuguese troops to leave their barracks on 1891:

had some links to the Axis Powers, because during 1930-37 the Axis wanted to exploit Pan-

1478:

from Norway to Finland during the German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941. (see also

3046:

The White Book: Losses inflicted on the Estonian nation by occupation regimes. 1940–1991

1956:. They intended on keeping him prisoner, but abruptly abandoned him to save themselves. 1564:

Switzerland ended World War II as one of only five (non-microstate) European nations to

1328:

on June 22, 1941. This resulted in the Soviet Union becoming one of the main members of

1280:

The Soviet Union supported Germany in the war effort against Western Europe through the

1269:

from Romania. The Soviet Union attacked Finland on November 30, 1939, which started the

903:), as well as by Latvian collaborators, including the 500–1,500 members of the infamous 6704: 6240: 6166: 4218: 4077: 3533:

Hunting Evil: How the Nazi War Criminals Escaped and the Quest to Bring Them to Justice

2239: 2106:

in December 1941, the Japanese decided not to formally occupy the Portuguese colony of

1941: 1781: 1761: 1698: 1628: 1552: 1537: 904: 882: 861:

Ireland ended World War II as one of only five (non micro-state) European Countries to

834: 767: 716: 681: 622: 497: 1976:. He helped the Japanese in obtaining its aviation fuel and labour conscripts, called 1219:, by Germany, Hungary and Poland—with the agreement of Britain and France—in 1938–39. 1004:

There was substantial cooperation between the German forces and some Lithuanians. The

460:

Consumer goods production, much diminished, was largely directed toward supplying the

193:

remained neutral but was an important smuggling route between Vichy France and Spain.

6845: 6515: 4440: 4289: 4128: 2683: 2333: 2258: 2228: 2061: 2006: 1679: 1675: 1533: 1405: 1289: 1200: 938: 908: 896: 892: 807: 786: 556: 522: 433: 202: 2600:), an SS Untersturmführer and Peter Delaney (a.k.a. Pierre de la Ney du Vair) (from 899:. The killings were committed by the Einsatzgruppe A, the Wehrmacht and Marines (in 6814: 6618: 4918: 4823: 4454: 3817: 3581: 3435: 2873: 2717: 2671: 2634: 2586: 2533: 2509: 2028: 1900: 1896: 1792: 1777: 1721: 1694: 1671: 1494: 1179:

Regiment) retreated through the country in 1944 and were pursued by Allied forces (

1085: 1050: 789:" — an IRA plan that detailed a Nazi supported invasion of Northern Ireland. 546: 493: 479: 449: 380: 372: 323: 282: 223: 186: 3097: 2738:

List of Pro-Axis Leaders and Governments or Direct Control in Occupied Territories

2238:, as well as other military and civilian equipment in first case, and examples of 945:

of the small principality — was antipathetic to Nazism because his consort,

2299:

in 1937, to which it was denied fearing blockades and even an American invasion.

1968: ...For the first time in all my life, I saw myself in the mirror of Asia." 1227:, which included a secret protocol whereby the independent countries of Finland, 6453: 6439: 6101: 4777: 4598: 4583: 3937: 3527: 3171: 2909: 2702: 2674:

of Western Samoa was under New Zealand Administration. On January 15, 1934, Mr.

2642: 2622: 2497: 2410: 2296: 2292: 1934: 1832: 1513: 1397: 1382: 1305: 1133:

and other goods to both the Axis (partly via Switzerland) and Allied countries.

1042: 831: 770:

did travel to Germany for discussions, although these were largely ineffectual.

484: 169: 149: 24: 2985: 2559:

Officially, the United States did not favour any Axis member, but prior to the

1080:

Poland never accepted any offer of cooperation with the Axis, but it did claim

1012:

were incorporated into the Tautos Darbo Apsauga (National Labour Guard) and in

5808: 5561: 5540: 4433: 3766: 3694: 3486: 3126: 2698: 2568: 2493: 2064: 1982: 1965: 1736: 1697:. In this agreement Nazi Germany received a strategically important part from 1649:

nationalist underground fought both the German and Soviet forces, forming the

1605: 1593: 1521: 1474:

was that of a fully armed and equipped infantry division under the command of

1464: 1293: 1270: 1262: 1215:. The Soviets suffered another political defeat when an ally, Czechoslovakia, 1168: 1081: 621:(secret police) was established for internal security under the leadership of 3494: 3214: 6071: 5476: 5273: 5084: 4882: 4837: 3854: 2659: 2601: 2597: 2583: 2513: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2185: 2079: 2056: 2032: 1796: 1785: 1725: 1609: 1486: 1274: 1236: 1141: 997: 842: 798: 629: 461: 250: 219: 4358: 3438:(October 2009). "Another Look at the Jakarta Charter Controversy of 1945". 3043:

Estonian State Commission on Examination of Policies of Repression (2005).

2176: 1438:

relations with Nazi Germany before and during the Second World War was the

2291:

of fascist inspiration. Brazil's biggest economic partner at the time was

1385:, and military assistance to the Axis powers, while nominally maintaining 632:

Estonian unit that eventually became a full-sized Waffen-SS division, the

4342: 4070: 2354: 2265: 2235: 1807: 1765: 1585: 1529: 1301: 1297: 1266: 1145: 1130: 1114: 838: 810:

to express sympathy with the German people over the death of the führer.

704: 574: 360: 258: 246: 3468:"A note on the sources for the 1945 constitutional debates in Indonesia" 1870:

The cooperation of Nationalist China and Nazi Germany declined with the

1768:

and the Kingdom of Italy. The treaty was signed by Benito Mussolini and

2687: 2375: 2345: 2306:. The country as a whole declared war on the Axis in 1942 and sent the 2216: 2148: 1997:

On November 10, 1943, Sukarno was decorated by the Emperor of Japan in

1973: 1953: 1918: 1892: 1646: 1228: 1022: 1013: 900: 738: 650: 579: 413: 409: 368: 334: 190: 3251:

Resisting Manchukuo: Chinese Women Writers and the Japanese Occupation

4952: 2654:. Australia also produced its own fascist organisation, known as the 2521: 2349: 2330: 2250: 2190: 2144: 2090: 2040: 1577: 1435: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1285: 1232: 1126: 1122: 1046: 1038: 1009: 982:, which had been recruited by the German Wehrmacht from Soviet POWs. 850: 758: 677: 654:

troops in 1941, who were closely followed by the extermination squad

453: 313: 242: 1084:

when the country was dissolved by two Central European Axis powers,

953:

von Gutmann), was Jewish. Franz I died in 1938 and was succeeded by

950: 559:

fortifications, was paid from an account in Denmark's central bank,

2637:, Dr. Johannes Becker set up the Nazi Party in Australia. Based in 1735:" (Legion Of Saint George) organised in January 1943, conceived by 464:. The protectorate's population was subjected to strict rationing. 281:

During World War II, the Nazis attempted to establish a Belarusian

5140: 2262: 2232: 2175: 2107: 2039:

closer to Germany. This concerned the British who feared that the

1998: 1991: 1153: 637: 636:, was formed in 1944. The Estonian units saw action defending the 261:

divisions, three armoured divisions and three garrison divisions.

3516:

The Army And Politics in Argentina: 1928–1945; Yrigoyen to Perón

2694: 2389:

However, all the parties were banned on May 30, 1940, under the

2220: 2071: 2036: 1925: 1713: 1702: 1589: 1340: 888: 364: 3554: 3550: 2484:

mutual defence pact in July 1940 and entry into the war on the

1708:

In the Far East in the same period certain individuals such as

2693:

On January 20, 1937, Matthes and Gerhard Stoeicht returned to

2593: 2404: 2344:. In June 1938, it merged with Nazi and other racist clubs in 824: 762:

made attempts to foster intelligence-gathering links with the

680:, an allied power which also had a relationship, to take over 18: 3184: 3182: 3180: 2003:

Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence

1964:

I said: Yes, Independent Indonesia can only be achieved with

1689:

In 1938 a few western countries, including the UK signed the

1616:

As, etc.). The Turks also purchased weapons from the Allies (

3424:

The Hitler Club: The Rise and Fall of Australia's No. 1 Nazi

2768:"The Freedom Trail through the Pyrenees - WW2 escape route" 2257:

B-1s, Focke-Wulf Fw 58 Weihes, Focke-Wulf Fw 44 Stieglitz,

367:

which officially surrendered on July 4. In Guernsey, the

168:

includes states which were not officially members of the

3323: 3321: 3308: 3306: 2543:, but the Mexican state opposed the Nationalists in the 424:

of Germany and were placed under the supervision of the

3071:"Osprey Publishing - Irish Regiments in the World Wars" 2604:), SS-Haupsturmführer in Waffen-SS. Both served in the 2370:

The only fascist politician ever elected in Canada was

2151:

docked in Macau was seized by the Japanese and renamed

1728:

and the open Japanese intervention in Northeast China.

1261:

Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, in addition, it annexed

634:

20th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Estonian)

4212:

Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany

3378: 3376: 3374: 3372: 2728:

Collaboration with the Axis Powers during World War II

2621:

In the early 1930s, German immigrant, medical doctor,

1604:

wartime to purchase military equipment from Germany, (

1600:

defeats caused the Germans to withdraw from the area.

1092:

in 1938. However, this action stemmed from an earlier

504:("cooperation policy") of collaborating with Germany. 3172:

BBC, "Nazi crimes taint Liechtenstein" 14 April, 2005

2532:

Mexico officially did not join the Axis and declined

895:

population began, with many killings taking place in

333:

During the late 1930s through 1945, Belgium had many

2748:

Expansion operations and planning of the Axis Powers

1096:, not from any ideological alignment with the Axis. 841:

under contract and was bombed during the war by the

756:

During the period 1939–43, German intelligence, the

6573: 6301: 6142: 5967: 5726: 5578: 5516: 5420: 5411: 5292: 5018: 4928: 4776: 4479: 4470: 4228: 4053: 3906: 3668: 3661: 1903:as a way of checking Soviet influence in the area. 849:despite Éire's neutral status. Fear of the British 49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3215:Swedish Volunteers in the German Wehrmacht in WWII 3132:Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein 3103:Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein 3052:. Estonian Encyclopedia Publishers. Archived from 2476:Costa Rica, El Salvador and the Dominican Republic 2180:Ramón Castillo, President of Argentina, 1942–1943. 1480:Per Albin Hansson#The 1941 .22Midsummer Crisis.22 172:but had relations with one or more Axis members. 806:paid a controversial visit to German ambassador 127:World Map with the participants in World War II. 3451:. PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama. pp. 97–113. 3253:. University of Washington Press. p. 21. 2086:, was kept in Allied custody until war's end. 1528:Switzerland, despite being 70% ethnic German ( 1049:neutral during World War II but supported the 911:claimed approximately 85,000 lives in Latvia. 3566: 3162:. April 11, 1938. Access date: April 3, 2007. 2906:"Danish Legion Military and Feldpost History" 1764:was solved on February 11, 1929, between the 1701:. This was criticised by many, including the 1343:countries in opposition to the Soviet Union. 694:Axis occupation of Greece during World War II 296:Almost the entire, previously very numerous, 8: 3475:Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 3188:Reginbogin, Herbert R. and Detlev F. Vagts, 2382:in the 1937 Alberta election and formed the 1913:Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies 1731:During the war some British POWs served in " 1354:on August 8, 1945, days before the ultimate 1195:, the Soviet Union gave military aid to the 814: 3273: 2439:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 2147:available to Allied aircraft, a Portuguese 1686:(National Socialist League), among others. 1576:Nazi Germany had no intention of occupying 1203:forces, which were assisted by Germany and 698:Despite the fact that the vast majority of 142: Allies that joined after Pearl Harbor 5417: 4476: 3665: 3573: 3559: 3551: 2524:at the time, including the United States. 2031:became allies. Although a neutral nation, 1645:During World War II, some elements of the 974:At the end of the war, Liechtenstein gave 289:, with symbols similar to the short-lived 3205:, Vol. 48, No. 4 (Jun. 1996), pp. 685–686 2516:which was not recognised as a legitimate 2459:Learn how and when to remove this message 2027:in June 1941, the United Kingdom and the 921:German National Movement in Liechtenstein 109:Learn how and when to remove this message 3038: 3036: 2701:visited the Nazi HQ in Apia. During the 2184:During the early years of World War II, 1525:Eastern Europe was sold to Swiss banks. 122: 6852:20th century in international relations 3394: 3285: 3125:Schremser, Jürgen (December 31, 2011). 2878:Dansk Udenrigspolitisk Historie, vol. 4 2759: 1472:transit of German troops through Sweden 1239:, Poland and Romania were divided into 448:The population of the protectorate was 5398:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union 3449:The Heartbeat of Indonesian Revolution 3351: 3339: 3327: 3312: 3297: 3192:, (Transaction Publishers, 2009), 106. 2629:and father of former South Australian 58:"Foreign relations of the Axis powers" 6269:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign 5701:Japanese invasion of French Indochina 5347:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union 5303:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union 4408:Rape during the occupation of Germany 3382: 3363: 2818:"Den Dansk-Tyske Ikke Angrebstraktat" 2310:to fight with the Allies in Europe.. 2242:P.XI (Ca.135bis) in the latter case. 2131:, to recognise Japanese authority in 1588:to the valuable Soviet oil fields in 1434:Perhaps the most important aspect of 1217:was partitioned and partially annexed 1136:Portugal protested the occupation of 785:, who was captured in possession of " 612:Occupation of Estonia by Nazi Germany 589:was described as "second to none" by 521:was created at the initiative of the 277:Occupation of Belarus by Nazi Germany 222:in 1938, when Austria became part of 7: 5391:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union 4423:Rape during the liberation of France 3230:, (Simon & Schuster, 1970), 317. 2437:adding citations to reliable sources 1520:. Between 1940 and 1945, the German 1175:. However, German forces (the 993rd 875:Occupation of Latvia by Nazi Germany 166:Foreign relations of the Axis powers 47:adding citations to reliable sources 3422:Gumpl, Gary & Kleinig, Richard 3096:Büchel, Donat (December 31, 2011). 2844:""Denmark". The Occupation 1940-45" 2539:Some Mexican volunteers had helped 1883:First Republic of Eastern Turkestan 401:Czech resistance to Nazi occupation 397:German occupation of Czechoslovakia 393:Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia 359:, a reconnaissance pilot landed in 5617:German invasion of the Netherlands 3897:Weather events during World War II 3466:Kusuma, A.B.; Elson, R.E. (2011), 3017:. October 28, 2005. Archived from 2327:Christian National Socialist Party 1532:—other ethnic groups included 19% 1282:German–Soviet Commercial Agreement 1257:Soon after that, the Soviet Union 515:In 1941, a Danish military corps, 445:leaders fled to the Soviet Union. 14: 6248:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan 2797:WW2 Escape Lines Memorial Society 2363:at a national convention held in 1551:hurtled into squadrons of German 847:Bombing of Dublin in World War II 617:the German-occupied "Ostland". A 596:after the liberation of Denmark. 430:held consecutively several people 351:Occupation of the Channel Islands 6808: 3426:Brolga Publishing Pty Ltd (2007) 2409: 1895:sentiments to create a pro-Axis 1037:was strongly sympathetic to the 405:Czechoslovak government-in-exile 23: 3228:Inside the Third Reich: Memoirs 1780:(1922–1939), respectively. The 1358:, and the end of World War II. 1348:Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact 34:needs additional citations for 6495:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945 4205:Territorial changes of Germany 4113:Indonesian National Revolution 2352:, many of which were known as 2323:Parti national social chrétien 2025:Germany's invasion of the USSR 1924:The Japanese regime perceived 645:History of the Jews in Estonia 291:Democratic Republic of Belarus 201:On February 12, 1934, the new 1: 5895:Japanese invasion of Thailand 5846:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 5610:German invasion of Luxembourg 3991:Mediterranean and Middle East 2967:Den danske Flotille 1944-1945 2606:SS-Standarte Kurt Eggers unit 2520:by a majority of the world's 2391:Defence of Canada Regulations 2308:Brazilian Expeditionary Force 2019:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 2001:. He also became head of the 1889:First East Turkestan Republic 1678:(British Union of Fascists), 978:to about 500 soldiers of the 478:On May 31, 1939, Denmark and 5802:Invasion of the Soviet Union 5491:Occupation of Czechoslovakia 4809:Independent State of Croatia 3536:. New York: Broadway Books. 2949:Flåden efter 29. august 1943 2931:Søværnets mærkedage - August 2733:Participants in World War II 2304:Brazilian Integralist Action 2283:The Brazilian government of 1854:China-Nazi Germany relations 1440:extensive export of iron ore 1339:enlisting many European and 1252:invaded Poland from the east 713:Konstantinos Logothetopoulos 458:people were sent to Germany. 337:groups and parties, such as 302:Łachwa (now Lakhva, Belarus) 298:Jewish population of Belarus 6786:End of World War II in Asia 6626:Western invasion of Germany 6133:Chinese famine of 1942–1943 6110:Second Battle of El Alamein 5680:Hundred Regiments Offensive 5652:Battle of the Mediterranean 5505:Italian invasion of Albania 3679:Air warfare of World War II 3174:Access date: April 3, 2007. 2848:Foreign Ministry of Denmark 2743:Expansion plans of the Axis 2723:Axis powers of World War II 2480:Before the creation of the 1674:(Imperial Fascist League), 1111:António de Oliveira Salazar 980:First Russian National Army 658:, part of Einsatzgruppe A. 6878: 6712:Naval bombardment of Japan 6080:First Battle of El Alamein 5999:Battle of Christmas Island 5944:Japanese invasion of Burma 5708:Italian invasion of Greece 5624:German invasion of Belgium 5596:German invasion of Denmark 5569:1939–1940 Winter Offensive 5438:Second Italo-Ethiopian War 3702:Comparative military ranks 3514:Potash, Robert A. (1969). 2936:November 10, 2007, at the 2338:Canadian Nationalist Party 2240:Caproni-Bergamaschi Ca.135 2016: 1910: 1851: 1641:Reichskommissariat Ukraine 1638: 1622:Republic P-47 Thunderbolts 1412:in Spanish) under General 1365: 1103: 1073: 1054:Italy's Benito Mussolini. 992:Reichskommissariat Ostland 989: 930:According to some sources 879:Reichskommissariat Ostland 872: 731: 691: 665: 642: 609: 606:Reichskommissariat Ostland 603: 471: 390: 348: 339:Vlaamsch Nationaal Verbond 311: 285:, led by collaborationist 274: 271:Reichskommissariat Ostland 268: 16:World War II-era relations 6801: 6633:Bratislava–Brno offensive 6564:Dutch famine of 1944–1945 6188:Allied invasion of Sicily 6048:Aleutian Islands campaign 6020:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign 5958:Greek famine of 1941–1944 5853:Second Battle of Changsha 5758:German invasion of Greece 5603:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang 3945:North and Central Pacific 3588: 3520:Stanford University Press 3501:Lewis, Daniel K. (2001). 3487:10.1163/22134379-90003589 2990:Clausalstru4.wixsaite.com 2972:October 26, 2005, at the 2880:(in Danish). Copenhagen: 2340:, which was based in the 2325:(known in English as the 2289:totalitarian dictatorship 2129:Gabriel Mauricio Teixeira 2067:supplies to the Soviets. 2048:Anglo-Iranian Oil Company 1512:During World War II, the 1335:Germany then revived its 1173:Sammarinese Fascist Party 1125:. Portugal, particularly 1006:Lithuanian Activist Front 529:, to fight alongside the 6862:Politics of World War II 6225:Allied invasion of Italy 6202:Solomon Islands campaign 5951:Third Battle of Changsha 5548:First Battle of Changsha 5454:Second Sino-Japanese War 4394:German military brothels 4260:United States war crimes 3503:The History of Argentina 2954:August 16, 2007, at the 2670:In the 1930s the former 2656:Australia First Movement 2639:Tanunda, South Australia 2592:During the war a few US 1872:Second Sino-Japanese War 1770:Pietro Cardinal Gasparri 1651:Ukrainian Insurgent Army 1618:Morane-Saulnier M.S.406s 1082:a part of Czechoslovakia 1019:Lithuanian Secret Police 837:. Éire produced British 133: Allies before the 6647:Second Guangxi campaign 6502:Philippines (1944–1945) 6006:Battle of the Coral Sea 5909:Fall of the Philippines 5555:Battle of South Guangxi 5461:Battles of Khalkhin Gol 4867:Italian Social Republic 3505:. New York; Hampshire: 3274:Kusuma & Elson 2011 2231:Ks, Junkers K 43s, and 2082:abdicated and his son, 1877:Wang Jingwei Government 1558:Morane-Saulnier M.S.406 1470:The most controversial 1225:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 1197:Second Spanish Republic 887:German troops occupied 792:On the occasion of the 734:The Emergency (Ireland) 287:Belarusian Central Rada 6232:Armistice of Cassibile 6034:Battle of Dutch Harbor 5985:Battle of the Java Sea 5888:Attack on Pearl Harbor 5788:Syria–Lebanon campaign 5781:Battle of South Shanxi 5751:Invasion of Yugoslavia 5534:Battle of the Atlantic 5148:Korean Liberation Army 4861:(until September 1943) 4818:(until September 1944) 4796:(until September 1944) 3249:Smith, Norman (2007). 2573:Warranty Trust Company 2561:attack on Pearl Harbor 2506:diplomatic recognition 2490:attack on Pearl Harbor 2181: 2104:surrender of Hong Kong 1741:Leopold Stennett Amery 1720:, the creation of the 1566:avoid entering the war 1502:avoid entering the war 1424:avoid entering the war 1150:resisting the Japanese 1106:Estado Novo (Portugal) 863:avoid entering the war 815: 640:line throughout 1944. 594:Bernard Law Montgomery 328:Leopold III of Belgium 162: 135:attack on Pearl Harbor 6396:Second Battle of Guam 6292:Bengal famine of 1943 6262:Second Battle of Kiev 6218:Battle of the Dnieper 5923:Battle of Wake Island 5795:East African campaign 5737:Battle of South Henan 5382:atrocities by Germans 5155:Korean Volunteer Army 4136:Occupation of Germany 3890:Music in World War II 2179: 2084:Mohammad Reza Pahlevi 2076:Imperial Iranian Navy 1816:Yugoslavian partisans 1549:Messerschmitt Bf 109s 1414:Agustín Muñoz Grandes 1368:Spain in World War II 1356:Japanese capitulation 1352:by invading Manchukuo 794:death of Adolf Hitler 764:Irish Republican Army 474:Occupation of Denmark 326:in the process. King 320:occupation of Belgium 126: 6682:Surrender of Germany 6160:Battle of West Hubei 6117:Guadalcanal campaign 6087:Battle of Stalingrad 6013:Battle of Madagascar 4787:Albania protectorate 4574:(formerly Swaziland) 4283:Wehrmacht war crimes 4099:Expulsion of Germans 3883:Art and World War II 3781:British contribution 3730:Governments in exile 3059:on January 14, 2013. 2884:. pp. 461–463. 2754:Notes and references 2549:Manuel Ávila Camacho 2433:improve this section 2361:National Unity Party 1887:The Turkish-Islamic 1670:(British Fascists), 1326:Operation Barbarossa 816:SS-Jagdverband Mitte 709:Georgios Tsolakoglou 450:mobilised for labour 235:Arthur Seyss-Inquart 213:On May 1, 1934, the 205:regime provoked the 43:improve this article 6772:Potsdam Declaration 6661:Italy (Spring 1945) 6424:Liberation of Paris 5881:Siege of Sevastopol 4899:(until August 1944) 4802:Wang Jingwei regime 4624:from September 1943 4584:from September 1944 4522:from September 1944 4382:Romanian war crimes 4373:Persecution of Jews 4359:Croatian war crimes 4329:Japanese war crimes 4143:Occupation of Japan 4092:First Indochina War 3804:Military production 3716:Declarations of war 3397:, pp. 109–110. 3203:Europe-Asia Studies 2384:Alberta Unity Party 2203:Pedro Pablo Ramírez 1837:Mohammed Zahir Shah 1774:Victor Emmanuel III 1668:Rotha Lintorn-Orman 1518:Swiss National Bank 1446:Already during the 1392:Franco had won the 1337:Anti-Comintern Pact 1250:. The Soviet Union 1248:the German invasion 1241:spheres of interest 1201:Spanish Nationalist 1181:4th Indian Division 1045:, he tried to keep 510:Anti-Comintern Pact 462:German armed forces 439:government in exile 6765:Surrender of Japan 6598:Battle of Iwo Jima 6447:Belgrade offensive 5860:Siege of Leningrad 5744:Battle of Shanggao 5673:British Somaliland 5638:Dunkirk evacuation 5589:Norwegian campaign 5527:Invasion of Poland 5354:Japanese prisoners 4322:Italian war crimes 4253:British war crimes 4168:Soviet occupations 3952:South-West Pacific 3839:Allied cooperation 3797:Military equipment 3507:Palgrave MacMillan 3077:on August 31, 2009 2652:British Free Corps 2580:George Bronson Rea 2578:One supporter was 2502:Dominican Republic 2482:Pan American Union 2182: 1980:in Indonesian and 1772:in behalf of King 1733:British Free Corps 1461:territorial waters 1452:Swedish Government 1448:Norwegian campaign 1376:Francisco Franco's 1113:, the dictator of 967:, provided by the 965:concentration camp 779:Operation Sea Lion 619:Sicherheitspolizei 500:, maintained this 215:Engelbert Dollfuss 207:Austrian Civil War 163: 6839: 6838: 6797: 6796: 6640:Battle of Okinawa 6539:Burma (1944–1945) 6373:Mariana and Palau 6153:Tunisian campaign 5978:Fall of Singapore 5902:Fall of Hong Kong 5645:Battle of Britain 5498:Operation Himmler 5407: 5406: 5071:Dutch East Indies 4714:Southern Rhodesia 4466: 4465: 4366:Genocide of Serbs 4269:German war crimes 4246:Soviet war crimes 4239:Allied war crimes 4085:Division of Korea 4064:Chinese Civil War 3862:Strategic bombing 3774:Manhattan Project 3543:978-0-7679-2873-1 3260:978-0-7748-1335-8 3098:"Anschlussputsch" 3015:Befrielsen1945.dk 2545:Spanish Civil War 2469: 2468: 2461: 2372:Peter M. Campbell 2365:Kingston, Ontario 2342:Prairie provinces 2255:Focke-Wulf Fw 200 2125:Governor of Macau 2033:Reza Shah Pahlavi 1710:Reginald Johnston 1614:Focke-Wulf Fw 190 1476:Erwin Engelbrecht 1394:Spanish Civil War 1267:Northern Bukovina 1254:on September 17. 1193:Spanish Civil War 1119:Treaty of Windsor 1062:, founder of the 802:(Prime Minister) 751:Operation Seagull 747:Operation Lobster 656:Sonderkommando 1a 587:Danish resistance 527:Danish Nazi Party 502:samarbejdspolitik 490:Thorvald Stauning 428:, which position 119: 118: 111: 93: 6869: 6832: 6825: 6818: 6815:World portal 6813: 6812: 6788: 6781: 6774: 6767: 6758: 6751: 6744: 6735: 6728: 6721: 6714: 6707: 6700: 6691: 6684: 6677: 6675:Prague offensive 6670: 6668:Battle of Berlin 6663: 6656: 6649: 6642: 6635: 6628: 6621: 6614: 6612:Vienna offensive 6607: 6600: 6593: 6591:Battle of Manila 6586: 6566: 6557: 6548: 6541: 6532: 6525: 6518: 6511: 6504: 6497: 6490: 6481: 6472: 6465: 6456: 6449: 6442: 6435: 6426: 6419: 6412: 6405: 6398: 6391: 6384: 6375: 6368: 6359: 6350: 6341: 6334: 6332:Korsun–Cherkassy 6327: 6316: 6294: 6285: 6278: 6271: 6264: 6257: 6250: 6243: 6234: 6227: 6220: 6213: 6204: 6197: 6190: 6183: 6176: 6174:Bombing of Gorky 6169: 6162: 6155: 6135: 6128: 6119: 6112: 6105: 6096: 6089: 6082: 6075: 6064: 6057: 6050: 6043: 6041:Battle of Midway 6036: 6029: 6027:Battle of Gazala 6022: 6015: 6008: 6001: 5994: 5987: 5980: 5960: 5953: 5946: 5939: 5937:Battle of Borneo 5932: 5930:Malayan campaign 5925: 5918: 5911: 5904: 5897: 5890: 5883: 5876: 5874:Bombing of Gorky 5869: 5867:Battle of Moscow 5862: 5855: 5848: 5841: 5834: 5827: 5811: 5804: 5797: 5790: 5783: 5776: 5767: 5760: 5753: 5746: 5739: 5719: 5710: 5703: 5696: 5689: 5682: 5675: 5668: 5661: 5654: 5647: 5640: 5633: 5631:Battle of France 5626: 5619: 5612: 5605: 5598: 5591: 5571: 5564: 5557: 5550: 5543: 5536: 5529: 5507: 5500: 5493: 5486: 5484:Munich Agreement 5479: 5472: 5463: 5456: 5449: 5440: 5433: 5418: 5400: 5393: 5384: 5377: 5370: 5369:Soviet prisoners 5363: 5356: 5349: 5340: 5333: 5324: 5317: 5310: 5309:German prisoners 5305: 5285: 5276: 5269: 5262: 5257: 5250: 5243: 5236: 5229: 5222: 5215: 5208: 5201: 5194: 5187: 5180: 5173: 5166: 5157: 5150: 5143: 5136: 5129: 5122: 5115: 5108: 5101: 5094: 5087: 5080: 5073: 5066: 5059: 5052: 5045: 5038: 5031: 5011: 5004: 4997: 4990: 4983: 4976: 4969: 4962: 4955: 4948: 4941: 4921: 4914: 4907: 4900: 4892: 4885: 4878: 4869: 4862: 4854: 4847: 4845:French Indochina 4840: 4833: 4826: 4819: 4811: 4804: 4797: 4789: 4769: 4760: 4753: 4744: 4737: 4730: 4723: 4716: 4709: 4702: 4695: 4692:from August 1944 4683: 4676: 4669: 4662: 4655: 4648: 4641: 4634: 4627: 4615: 4608: 4601: 4594: 4587: 4575: 4567: 4560: 4553: 4546: 4539: 4532: 4525: 4513: 4506: 4499: 4492: 4477: 4457: 4450: 4443: 4436: 4429: 4418: 4403: 4396: 4389: 4384: 4375: 4368: 4361: 4352: 4345: 4338: 4336:Nanjing Massacre 4331: 4324: 4315: 4313:Nuremberg trials 4306: 4299: 4292: 4285: 4278: 4271: 4262: 4255: 4248: 4241: 4221: 4214: 4207: 4198: 4191: 4184: 4177: 4170: 4163: 4154: 4145: 4138: 4131: 4124: 4115: 4108: 4101: 4094: 4087: 4080: 4073: 4066: 4046: 4037: 4030: 4023: 4014: 4007: 4000: 3993: 3984: 3977: 3970: 3961: 3954: 3947: 3940: 3933: 3926: 3919: 3917:Asia and Pacific 3899: 3892: 3885: 3878: 3871: 3864: 3857: 3848: 3846:Mulberry harbour 3841: 3834: 3827: 3820: 3813: 3806: 3799: 3792: 3783: 3776: 3769: 3760: 3753: 3746: 3739: 3732: 3725: 3718: 3711: 3704: 3697: 3688: 3681: 3666: 3654: 3647: 3638: 3631: 3624: 3617: 3610: 3603: 3596: 3575: 3568: 3561: 3552: 3547: 3523: 3510: 3497: 3481:(2–3): 196–209, 3472: 3462: 3443: 3427: 3420: 3414: 3413:. July 18, 1938. 3404: 3398: 3392: 3386: 3380: 3367: 3361: 3355: 3349: 3343: 3337: 3331: 3325: 3316: 3310: 3301: 3295: 3289: 3283: 3277: 3271: 3265: 3264: 3246: 3240: 3237: 3231: 3224: 3218: 3212: 3206: 3199: 3193: 3186: 3175: 3169: 3163: 3154:"Nazi Pressure?" 3151: 3145: 3144: 3142: 3140: 3122: 3116: 3115: 3113: 3111: 3093: 3087: 3086: 3084: 3082: 3073:. Archived from 3067: 3061: 3060: 3058: 3051: 3040: 3031: 3030: 3028: 3026: 3011:"Jubel og glæde" 3007: 3001: 3000: 2998: 2996: 2982: 2976: 2964: 2958: 2946: 2940: 2928: 2922: 2921: 2919: 2917: 2908:. Archived from 2902: 2896: 2895: 2870: 2864: 2863: 2861: 2859: 2854:on June 18, 2006 2850:. Archived from 2839: 2833: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2814: 2808: 2807: 2805: 2803: 2789: 2783: 2782: 2780: 2778: 2764: 2508:of the Japanese 2464: 2457: 2453: 2450: 2444: 2413: 2405: 2395:War Measures Act 2225:Focke-Wulf Fw 44 2212:Bolivia and Peru 1812:Draža Mihajlović 1750:Battle of Berlin 1745:Heinrich Himmler 1691:Munich Agreement 1491:Continuation War 1243:of the parties. 1158:entering the war 1138:Portuguese Timor 1076:Munich Agreement 943:absolute monarch 856:Donegal Corridor 818: 743:Northern Ireland 722:Greek Resistance 707:Prime Ministers 674:Battle of France 668:Munich Agreement 547:Second World War 543:Frikorps Danmark 539:Frikorps Danmark 518:Frikorps Danmark 228:Kurt Schuschnigg 187:Second World War 156: 147: 141: 132: 114: 107: 103: 100: 94: 92: 51: 27: 19: 6877: 6876: 6872: 6871: 6870: 6868: 6867: 6866: 6842: 6841: 6840: 6835: 6828: 6821: 6807: 6805: 6793: 6784: 6777: 6770: 6763: 6754: 6747: 6740: 6731: 6726:Atomic bombings 6724: 6717: 6710: 6703: 6696: 6687: 6680: 6673: 6666: 6659: 6652: 6645: 6638: 6631: 6624: 6617: 6610: 6603: 6596: 6589: 6582: 6569: 6562: 6551: 6544: 6537: 6528: 6521: 6514: 6507: 6500: 6493: 6484: 6475: 6468: 6459: 6452: 6445: 6438: 6429: 6422: 6417:Eastern Romania 6415: 6410:Warsaw Uprising 6408: 6403:Tannenberg Line 6401: 6394: 6389:Western Ukraine 6387: 6378: 6371: 6362: 6353: 6344: 6337: 6330: 6319: 6310: 6297: 6290: 6281: 6274: 6267: 6260: 6253: 6246: 6239: 6230: 6223: 6216: 6207: 6200: 6193: 6186: 6181:Battle of Kursk 6179: 6172: 6165: 6158: 6151: 6138: 6131: 6122: 6115: 6108: 6099: 6092: 6085: 6078: 6069: 6060: 6053: 6046: 6039: 6032: 6025: 6018: 6011: 6004: 5997: 5992:St Nazaire Raid 5990: 5983: 5976: 5963: 5956: 5949: 5942: 5935: 5928: 5921: 5914: 5907: 5900: 5893: 5886: 5879: 5872: 5865: 5858: 5851: 5844: 5837: 5830: 5816: 5807: 5800: 5793: 5786: 5779: 5774:Anglo-Iraqi War 5772: 5765:Battle of Crete 5763: 5756: 5749: 5742: 5735: 5722: 5713: 5706: 5699: 5694:Eastern Romania 5692: 5685: 5678: 5671: 5664: 5657: 5650: 5643: 5636: 5629: 5622: 5615: 5608: 5601: 5594: 5587: 5574: 5567: 5560: 5553: 5546: 5539: 5532: 5525: 5512: 5503: 5496: 5489: 5482: 5475: 5468: 5459: 5452: 5445: 5436: 5429: 5403: 5396: 5389: 5380: 5373: 5368: 5359: 5352: 5345: 5336: 5329: 5320: 5313: 5308: 5301: 5288: 5281: 5272: 5265: 5260: 5255:Western Ukraine 5253: 5246: 5239: 5232: 5225: 5218: 5211: 5204: 5199:Northeast China 5197: 5190: 5183: 5176: 5169: 5162: 5153: 5146: 5139: 5132: 5125: 5118: 5111: 5104: 5097: 5090: 5083: 5076: 5069: 5062: 5055: 5048: 5041: 5034: 5027: 5014: 5007: 5000: 4993: 4986: 4979: 4972: 4965: 4958: 4951: 4944: 4937: 4924: 4917: 4910: 4905:Slovak Republic 4903: 4895: 4888: 4881: 4876:Empire of Japan 4874: 4865: 4857: 4850: 4843: 4836: 4829: 4822: 4814: 4807: 4800: 4792: 4785: 4772: 4765: 4756: 4749: 4740: 4733: 4726: 4719: 4712: 4705: 4698: 4686: 4679: 4672: 4665: 4658: 4651: 4644: 4637: 4630: 4618: 4611: 4604: 4597: 4590: 4578: 4570: 4563: 4556: 4549: 4542: 4535: 4528: 4516: 4509: 4502: 4495: 4488: 4462: 4453: 4446: 4439: 4432: 4421: 4406: 4399: 4392: 4388:Sexual violence 4387: 4380: 4371: 4364: 4357: 4348: 4341: 4334: 4327: 4320: 4311: 4302: 4295: 4288: 4281: 4274: 4267: 4258: 4251: 4244: 4237: 4224: 4217: 4210: 4203: 4194: 4187: 4180: 4173: 4166: 4157: 4148: 4141: 4134: 4127: 4118: 4111: 4106:Greek Civil War 4104: 4097: 4090: 4083: 4076: 4069: 4062: 4049: 4042: 4033: 4026: 4019: 4010: 4003: 3996: 3989: 3980: 3973: 3966: 3957: 3950: 3943: 3936: 3931:South-East Asia 3929: 3922: 3915: 3902: 3895: 3888: 3881: 3874: 3867: 3860: 3853: 3844: 3837: 3830: 3823: 3816: 3809: 3802: 3795: 3790:Military awards 3788: 3779: 3772: 3765: 3756: 3749: 3742: 3735: 3728: 3721: 3714: 3707: 3700: 3693: 3684: 3677: 3657: 3650: 3643: 3634: 3627: 3620: 3615: 3606: 3599: 3592: 3584: 3579: 3544: 3526: 3513: 3500: 3470: 3465: 3459: 3446: 3434: 3431: 3430: 3421: 3417: 3405: 3401: 3393: 3389: 3381: 3370: 3362: 3358: 3350: 3346: 3338: 3334: 3326: 3319: 3311: 3304: 3296: 3292: 3284: 3280: 3272: 3268: 3261: 3248: 3247: 3243: 3238: 3234: 3226:Speer, Albert, 3225: 3221: 3213: 3209: 3200: 3196: 3187: 3178: 3170: 3166: 3152: 3148: 3138: 3136: 3124: 3123: 3119: 3109: 3107: 3095: 3094: 3090: 3080: 3078: 3069: 3068: 3064: 3056: 3049: 3042: 3041: 3034: 3024: 3022: 3021:on May 30, 2009 3009: 3008: 3004: 2994: 2992: 2984: 2983: 2979: 2974:Wayback Machine 2965: 2961: 2956:Wayback Machine 2947: 2943: 2938:Wayback Machine 2929: 2925: 2915: 2913: 2912:on July 9, 2011 2904: 2903: 2899: 2892: 2872: 2871: 2867: 2857: 2855: 2842:Trommer, Aage. 2841: 2840: 2836: 2826: 2824: 2822:Navalhistory.dk 2816: 2815: 2811: 2801: 2799: 2791: 2790: 2786: 2776: 2774: 2766: 2765: 2761: 2756: 2714: 2668: 2648:The Hitler Club 2625:veteran of the 2619: 2614: 2557: 2530: 2488:side after the 2478: 2465: 2454: 2448: 2445: 2430: 2414: 2403: 2316: 2248: 2214: 2174: 2169: 2161: 2100: 2046:, owned by the 2021: 2015: 1915: 1909: 1885: 1864:Chiang Kai-shek 1856: 1850: 1829: 1824: 1805: 1758: 1718:Mukden Incident 1664: 1643: 1637: 1596:and subsequent 1582:Franz von Papen 1574: 1542:Rhaeto-Romansch 1510: 1432: 1370: 1364: 1189: 1177:Panzergrenadier 1166: 1108: 1102: 1078: 1072: 1031: 994: 988: 955:Franz Joseph II 917: 885: 873:Main articles: 871: 804:Éamon de Valera 736: 730: 696: 690: 670: 664: 647: 614: 608: 602: 476: 470: 443:Communist Party 426:Reichsprotektor 407: 391:Main articles: 389: 357:Channel Islands 353: 347: 345:Channel Islands 316: 310: 279: 273: 267: 199: 183: 178: 161: 154: 152: 145: 143: 139: 137: 130: 128: 115: 104: 98: 95: 52: 50: 40: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6875: 6873: 6865: 6864: 6859: 6854: 6844: 6843: 6837: 6836: 6834: 6833: 6826: 6819: 6802: 6799: 6798: 6795: 6794: 6792: 6791: 6790: 6789: 6782: 6775: 6761: 6760: 6759: 6745: 6742:South Sakhalin 6738: 6737: 6736: 6722: 6715: 6708: 6701: 6694: 6693: 6692: 6678: 6671: 6664: 6657: 6650: 6643: 6636: 6629: 6622: 6615: 6608: 6601: 6594: 6587: 6579: 6577: 6571: 6570: 6568: 6567: 6560: 6559: 6558: 6542: 6535: 6534: 6533: 6519: 6512: 6505: 6498: 6491: 6482: 6473: 6466: 6457: 6450: 6443: 6436: 6427: 6420: 6413: 6406: 6399: 6392: 6385: 6376: 6369: 6360: 6351: 6342: 6335: 6328: 6317: 6307: 6305: 6299: 6298: 6296: 6295: 6288: 6287: 6286: 6279: 6265: 6258: 6251: 6244: 6237: 6236: 6235: 6221: 6214: 6205: 6198: 6191: 6184: 6177: 6170: 6167:Battle of Attu 6163: 6156: 6148: 6146: 6140: 6139: 6137: 6136: 6129: 6120: 6113: 6106: 6097: 6090: 6083: 6076: 6067: 6066: 6065: 6058: 6044: 6037: 6030: 6023: 6016: 6009: 6002: 5995: 5988: 5981: 5973: 5971: 5965: 5964: 5962: 5961: 5954: 5947: 5940: 5933: 5926: 5919: 5916:Battle of Guam 5912: 5905: 5898: 5891: 5884: 5877: 5870: 5863: 5856: 5849: 5842: 5839:Battle of Kiev 5835: 5828: 5814: 5813: 5812: 5798: 5791: 5784: 5777: 5770: 5769: 5768: 5754: 5747: 5740: 5732: 5730: 5724: 5723: 5721: 5720: 5711: 5704: 5697: 5690: 5683: 5676: 5669: 5662: 5655: 5648: 5641: 5634: 5627: 5620: 5613: 5606: 5599: 5592: 5584: 5582: 5576: 5575: 5573: 5572: 5565: 5558: 5551: 5544: 5537: 5530: 5522: 5520: 5514: 5513: 5511: 5510: 5509: 5508: 5501: 5494: 5487: 5480: 5466: 5465: 5464: 5457: 5443: 5442: 5441: 5426: 5424: 5415: 5409: 5408: 5405: 5404: 5402: 5401: 5394: 5387: 5386: 5385: 5378: 5366: 5365: 5364: 5350: 5343: 5342: 5341: 5338:United Kingdom 5334: 5327: 5326: 5325: 5306: 5298: 5296: 5290: 5289: 5287: 5286: 5279: 5278: 5277: 5270: 5258: 5251: 5244: 5237: 5230: 5223: 5216: 5209: 5202: 5195: 5188: 5181: 5174: 5167: 5160: 5159: 5158: 5151: 5137: 5130: 5123: 5116: 5109: 5102: 5095: 5088: 5081: 5074: 5067: 5060: 5053: 5046: 5039: 5032: 5024: 5022: 5016: 5015: 5013: 5012: 5005: 4998: 4991: 4984: 4977: 4970: 4963: 4956: 4949: 4942: 4934: 4932: 4926: 4925: 4923: 4922: 4915: 4908: 4901: 4893: 4886: 4879: 4872: 4871: 4870: 4855: 4848: 4841: 4834: 4827: 4820: 4812: 4805: 4798: 4790: 4782: 4780: 4774: 4773: 4771: 4770: 4763: 4762: 4761: 4747: 4746: 4745: 4742:British Empire 4735:United Kingdom 4731: 4724: 4717: 4710: 4703: 4696: 4684: 4677: 4670: 4663: 4656: 4649: 4642: 4635: 4628: 4616: 4609: 4602: 4595: 4588: 4576: 4568: 4561: 4554: 4551:Czechoslovakia 4547: 4540: 4533: 4526: 4514: 4507: 4500: 4493: 4485: 4483: 4474: 4468: 4467: 4464: 4463: 4461: 4460: 4459: 4458: 4451: 4448:Rape of Manila 4444: 4437: 4430: 4419: 4404: 4397: 4385: 4378: 4377: 4376: 4369: 4355: 4354: 4353: 4346: 4339: 4325: 4318: 4317: 4316: 4309: 4308: 4307: 4300: 4286: 4279: 4265: 4264: 4263: 4256: 4249: 4234: 4232: 4226: 4225: 4223: 4222: 4219:United Nations 4215: 4208: 4201: 4200: 4199: 4192: 4185: 4178: 4164: 4155: 4146: 4139: 4132: 4125: 4116: 4109: 4102: 4095: 4088: 4081: 4078:Decolonization 4074: 4067: 4059: 4057: 4051: 4050: 4048: 4047: 4040: 4039: 4038: 4024: 4017: 4016: 4015: 4008: 4001: 3987: 3986: 3985: 3978: 3964: 3963: 3962: 3955: 3948: 3941: 3934: 3927: 3912: 3910: 3904: 3903: 3901: 3900: 3893: 3886: 3879: 3872: 3865: 3858: 3851: 3850: 3849: 3842: 3828: 3821: 3814: 3807: 3800: 3793: 3786: 3785: 3784: 3770: 3763: 3762: 3761: 3754: 3751:United Kingdom 3747: 3733: 3726: 3719: 3712: 3705: 3698: 3691: 3690: 3689: 3674: 3672: 3663: 3659: 3658: 3656: 3655: 3648: 3641: 3640: 3639: 3632: 3625: 3613: 3612: 3611: 3597: 3589: 3586: 3585: 3580: 3578: 3577: 3570: 3563: 3555: 3549: 3548: 3542: 3524: 3511: 3498: 3463: 3457: 3444: 3442:(88): 105–130. 3429: 3428: 3415: 3407:"Fascist Meet" 3399: 3387: 3368: 3356: 3354:, p. 179. 3344: 3342:, p. 171. 3332: 3330:, p. 172. 3317: 3315:, p. 170. 3302: 3300:, p. 169. 3290: 3288:, p. 100. 3278: 3276:, p. 196. 3266: 3259: 3241: 3232: 3219: 3207: 3194: 3176: 3164: 3146: 3117: 3088: 3062: 3032: 3002: 2977: 2959: 2941: 2923: 2897: 2890: 2865: 2834: 2809: 2784: 2772:www.ariege.com 2758: 2757: 2755: 2752: 2751: 2750: 2745: 2740: 2735: 2730: 2725: 2720: 2713: 2710: 2703:Sudeten crisis 2676:Alfred Matthes 2667: 2664: 2618: 2615: 2613: 2610: 2556: 2553: 2529: 2526: 2477: 2474: 2467: 2466: 2417: 2415: 2408: 2402: 2399: 2359:, to form the 2315: 2312: 2285:Getúlio Vargas 2247: 2244: 2213: 2210: 2195:Ramón Castillo 2173: 2170: 2168: 2165: 2160: 2157: 2102:Following the 2099: 2096: 2017:Main article: 2014: 2011: 1946:vice president 1942:Mohammad Hatta 1935:colonial state 1911:Main article: 1908: 1905: 1884: 1881: 1852:Main article: 1849: 1846: 1828: 1825: 1823: 1820: 1804: 1801: 1782:Lateran Treaty 1762:Roman Question 1757: 1754: 1699:Czechoslovakia 1663: 1662:United Kingdom 1660: 1639:Main article: 1636: 1633: 1629:United Nations 1573: 1570: 1553:Heinkel He 111 1509: 1506: 1431: 1428: 1366:Main article: 1363: 1360: 1188: 1185: 1165: 1162: 1104:Main article: 1101: 1098: 1094:border dispute 1074:Main article: 1071: 1068: 1041:and later the 1030: 1027: 990:Main article: 987: 984: 923:carried out a 916: 913: 905:Arājs Commando 883:Latvian Legion 870: 867: 835:Paddy Finucane 828:Wing Commander 768:Francis Stuart 732:Main article: 729: 726: 717:Ioannis Rallis 692:Main article: 689: 686: 682:Czechoslovakia 666:Main article: 663: 660: 643:Main article: 623:Ain-Ervin Mere 610:Main article: 604:Main article: 601: 598: 562:Nationalbanken 498:Erik Scavenius 472:Main article: 469: 466: 422:a protectorate 388: 387:Czech Republic 385: 349:Main article: 346: 343: 312:Main article: 309: 306: 275:Main article: 269:Main article: 266: 263: 198: 195: 182: 179: 177: 174: 159:Neutral Powers 153: 144: 138: 129: 117: 116: 31: 29: 22: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6874: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6849: 6847: 6831: 6827: 6824: 6820: 6817: 6816: 6811: 6804: 6803: 6800: 6787: 6783: 6780: 6776: 6773: 6769: 6768: 6766: 6762: 6757: 6753: 6752: 6750: 6749:Kuril Islands 6746: 6743: 6739: 6734: 6730: 6729: 6727: 6723: 6720: 6716: 6713: 6709: 6706: 6702: 6699: 6695: 6690: 6686: 6685: 6683: 6679: 6676: 6672: 6669: 6665: 6662: 6658: 6655: 6651: 6648: 6644: 6641: 6637: 6634: 6630: 6627: 6623: 6620: 6616: 6613: 6609: 6606: 6602: 6599: 6595: 6592: 6588: 6585: 6581: 6580: 6578: 6576: 6572: 6565: 6561: 6556: 6555: 6550: 6549: 6547: 6543: 6540: 6536: 6531: 6527: 6526: 6524: 6520: 6517: 6516:Syrmian Front 6513: 6510: 6506: 6503: 6499: 6496: 6492: 6489: 6488: 6483: 6480: 6479: 6474: 6471: 6467: 6464: 6463: 6462:Market Garden 6458: 6455: 6451: 6448: 6444: 6441: 6437: 6434: 6433: 6428: 6425: 6421: 6418: 6414: 6411: 6407: 6404: 6400: 6397: 6393: 6390: 6386: 6383: 6382: 6377: 6374: 6370: 6367: 6366: 6361: 6358: 6357: 6352: 6349: 6348: 6343: 6340: 6336: 6333: 6329: 6326: 6322: 6321:Monte Cassino 6318: 6315: 6314: 6309: 6308: 6306: 6304: 6300: 6293: 6289: 6284: 6280: 6277: 6273: 6272: 6270: 6266: 6263: 6259: 6256: 6252: 6249: 6245: 6242: 6238: 6233: 6229: 6228: 6226: 6222: 6219: 6215: 6212: 6211: 6206: 6203: 6199: 6196: 6192: 6189: 6185: 6182: 6178: 6175: 6171: 6168: 6164: 6161: 6157: 6154: 6150: 6149: 6147: 6145: 6141: 6134: 6130: 6127: 6126: 6121: 6118: 6114: 6111: 6107: 6104: 6103: 6098: 6095: 6091: 6088: 6084: 6081: 6077: 6074: 6073: 6068: 6063: 6059: 6056: 6052: 6051: 6049: 6045: 6042: 6038: 6035: 6031: 6028: 6024: 6021: 6017: 6014: 6010: 6007: 6003: 6000: 5996: 5993: 5989: 5986: 5982: 5979: 5975: 5974: 5972: 5970: 5966: 5959: 5955: 5952: 5948: 5945: 5941: 5938: 5934: 5931: 5927: 5924: 5920: 5917: 5913: 5910: 5906: 5903: 5899: 5896: 5892: 5889: 5885: 5882: 5878: 5875: 5871: 5868: 5864: 5861: 5857: 5854: 5850: 5847: 5843: 5840: 5836: 5833: 5829: 5825: 5824: 5819: 5815: 5810: 5806: 5805: 5803: 5799: 5796: 5792: 5789: 5785: 5782: 5778: 5775: 5771: 5766: 5762: 5761: 5759: 5755: 5752: 5748: 5745: 5741: 5738: 5734: 5733: 5731: 5729: 5725: 5718: 5717: 5712: 5709: 5705: 5702: 5698: 5695: 5691: 5688: 5687:Baltic states 5684: 5681: 5677: 5674: 5670: 5667: 5663: 5660: 5656: 5653: 5649: 5646: 5642: 5639: 5635: 5632: 5628: 5625: 5621: 5618: 5614: 5611: 5607: 5604: 5600: 5597: 5593: 5590: 5586: 5585: 5583: 5581: 5577: 5570: 5566: 5563: 5559: 5556: 5552: 5549: 5545: 5542: 5538: 5535: 5531: 5528: 5524: 5523: 5521: 5519: 5515: 5506: 5502: 5499: 5495: 5492: 5488: 5485: 5481: 5478: 5474: 5473: 5471: 5467: 5462: 5458: 5455: 5451: 5450: 5448: 5444: 5439: 5435: 5434: 5432: 5428: 5427: 5425: 5423: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5410: 5399: 5395: 5392: 5388: 5383: 5379: 5376: 5372: 5371: 5367: 5362: 5358: 5357: 5355: 5351: 5348: 5344: 5339: 5335: 5332: 5331:United States 5328: 5323: 5319: 5318: 5316: 5312: 5311: 5307: 5304: 5300: 5299: 5297: 5295: 5291: 5284: 5280: 5275: 5271: 5268: 5267:Quốc dân Đảng 5264: 5263: 5259: 5256: 5252: 5249: 5245: 5242: 5238: 5235: 5231: 5228: 5224: 5221: 5217: 5214: 5210: 5207: 5203: 5200: 5196: 5193: 5189: 5186: 5182: 5179: 5175: 5172: 5168: 5165: 5161: 5156: 5152: 5149: 5145: 5144: 5142: 5138: 5135: 5131: 5128: 5124: 5121: 5117: 5114: 5110: 5107: 5103: 5100: 5096: 5093: 5089: 5086: 5082: 5079: 5075: 5072: 5068: 5065: 5061: 5058: 5054: 5051: 5047: 5044: 5040: 5037: 5033: 5030: 5026: 5025: 5023: 5021: 5017: 5010: 5006: 5003: 4999: 4996: 4992: 4989: 4985: 4982: 4978: 4975: 4971: 4968: 4967:Liechtenstein 4964: 4961: 4957: 4954: 4950: 4947: 4943: 4940: 4936: 4935: 4933: 4931: 4927: 4920: 4916: 4913: 4909: 4906: 4902: 4898: 4894: 4891: 4887: 4884: 4880: 4877: 4873: 4868: 4864: 4863: 4860: 4856: 4853: 4849: 4846: 4842: 4839: 4835: 4832: 4828: 4825: 4821: 4817: 4813: 4810: 4806: 4803: 4799: 4795: 4791: 4788: 4784: 4783: 4781: 4779: 4775: 4768: 4764: 4759: 4755: 4754: 4752: 4751:United States 4748: 4743: 4739: 4738: 4736: 4732: 4729: 4725: 4722: 4718: 4715: 4711: 4708: 4704: 4701: 4697: 4693: 4689: 4685: 4682: 4678: 4675: 4671: 4668: 4664: 4661: 4657: 4654: 4650: 4647: 4643: 4640: 4636: 4633: 4629: 4625: 4621: 4617: 4614: 4610: 4607: 4603: 4600: 4596: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4569: 4566: 4562: 4559: 4555: 4552: 4548: 4545: 4541: 4538: 4534: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4519: 4515: 4512: 4508: 4505: 4501: 4498: 4494: 4491: 4487: 4486: 4484: 4482: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4469: 4456: 4452: 4449: 4445: 4442: 4441:Comfort women 4438: 4435: 4431: 4428: 4425: / 4424: 4420: 4417: 4414: / 4413: 4410: / 4409: 4405: 4402: 4401:Camp brothels 4398: 4395: 4391: 4390: 4386: 4383: 4379: 4374: 4370: 4367: 4363: 4362: 4360: 4356: 4351: 4347: 4344: 4340: 4337: 4333: 4332: 4330: 4326: 4323: 4319: 4314: 4310: 4305: 4301: 4298: 4294: 4293: 4291: 4290:The Holocaust 4287: 4284: 4280: 4277: 4276:forced labour 4273: 4272: 4270: 4266: 4261: 4257: 4254: 4250: 4247: 4243: 4242: 4240: 4236: 4235: 4233: 4231: 4227: 4220: 4216: 4213: 4209: 4206: 4202: 4197: 4193: 4190: 4186: 4183: 4179: 4176: 4172: 4171: 4169: 4165: 4162: 4161: 4156: 4153: 4152: 4147: 4144: 4140: 4137: 4133: 4130: 4129:Marshall Plan 4126: 4123: 4122: 4117: 4114: 4110: 4107: 4103: 4100: 4096: 4093: 4089: 4086: 4082: 4079: 4075: 4072: 4068: 4065: 4061: 4060: 4058: 4056: 4052: 4045: 4041: 4036: 4032: 4031: 4029: 4025: 4022: 4018: 4013: 4009: 4006: 4002: 3999: 3995: 3994: 3992: 3988: 3983: 3982:Eastern Front 3979: 3976: 3975:Western Front 3972: 3971: 3969: 3965: 3960: 3956: 3953: 3949: 3946: 3942: 3939: 3935: 3932: 3928: 3925: 3921: 3920: 3918: 3914: 3913: 3911: 3909: 3905: 3898: 3894: 3891: 3887: 3884: 3880: 3877: 3873: 3870: 3869:Puppet states 3866: 3863: 3859: 3856: 3852: 3847: 3843: 3840: 3836: 3835: 3833: 3829: 3826: 3822: 3819: 3815: 3812: 3811:Naval history 3808: 3805: 3801: 3798: 3794: 3791: 3787: 3782: 3778: 3777: 3775: 3771: 3768: 3764: 3759: 3758:United States 3755: 3752: 3748: 3745: 3741: 3740: 3738: 3734: 3731: 3727: 3724: 3720: 3717: 3713: 3710: 3706: 3703: 3699: 3696: 3692: 3687: 3683: 3682: 3680: 3676: 3675: 3673: 3671: 3667: 3664: 3660: 3653: 3649: 3646: 3642: 3637: 3633: 3630: 3626: 3623: 3619: 3618: 3614: 3609: 3605: 3604: 3602: 3598: 3595: 3591: 3590: 3587: 3583: 3576: 3571: 3569: 3564: 3562: 3557: 3556: 3553: 3545: 3539: 3535: 3534: 3529: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3499: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3469: 3464: 3460: 3458:979-605-723-9 3454: 3450: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3432: 3425: 3419: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3403: 3400: 3396: 3391: 3388: 3385:, p. 95. 3384: 3379: 3377: 3375: 3373: 3369: 3366:, p. 94. 3365: 3360: 3357: 3353: 3348: 3345: 3341: 3336: 3333: 3329: 3324: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3309: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3294: 3291: 3287: 3282: 3279: 3275: 3270: 3267: 3262: 3256: 3252: 3245: 3242: 3236: 3233: 3229: 3223: 3220: 3216: 3211: 3208: 3204: 3198: 3195: 3191: 3185: 3183: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3168: 3165: 3161: 3160: 3155: 3150: 3147: 3134: 3133: 3128: 3127:"Vogt, Alois" 3121: 3118: 3105: 3104: 3099: 3092: 3089: 3076: 3072: 3066: 3063: 3055: 3048: 3047: 3039: 3037: 3033: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3006: 3003: 2991: 2987: 2981: 2978: 2975: 2971: 2968: 2963: 2960: 2957: 2953: 2950: 2945: 2942: 2939: 2935: 2932: 2927: 2924: 2916:September 20, 2911: 2907: 2901: 2898: 2893: 2891:87-7789-093-0 2887: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2874:Lidegaard, Bo 2869: 2866: 2858:September 20, 2853: 2849: 2845: 2838: 2835: 2823: 2819: 2813: 2810: 2798: 2794: 2788: 2785: 2773: 2769: 2763: 2760: 2753: 2749: 2746: 2744: 2741: 2739: 2736: 2734: 2731: 2729: 2726: 2724: 2721: 2719: 2716: 2715: 2711: 2709: 2706: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2691: 2689: 2685: 2684:Western Samoa 2681: 2677: 2673: 2672:German colony 2666:Western Samoa 2665: 2663: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2616: 2611: 2609: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2590: 2588: 2585: 2581: 2576: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2565:Thomas Lamont 2562: 2555:United States 2554: 2552: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2537: 2535: 2527: 2525: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2475: 2473: 2463: 2460: 2452: 2449:December 2019 2442: 2438: 2434: 2428: 2427: 2423: 2418:This section 2416: 2412: 2407: 2406: 2400: 2398: 2396: 2392: 2387: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2368: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2356: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2334:Adrien Arcand 2332: 2328: 2324: 2319: 2313: 2311: 2309: 2305: 2300: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2281: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2264: 2260: 2259:Junkers Ju 86 2256: 2252: 2245: 2243: 2241: 2237: 2234: 2230: 2229:Junkers Ju 86 2226: 2222: 2218: 2211: 2209: 2206: 2204: 2199: 2196: 2192: 2187: 2178: 2171: 2166: 2164: 2158: 2156: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2140: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2117: 2111: 2109: 2105: 2097: 2095: 2092: 2087: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2068: 2066: 2063: 2059: 2058: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2020: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2007:Koiso Kuniaki 2004: 2000: 1995: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1984: 1979: 1975: 1969: 1967: 1963: 1957: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1938: 1936: 1930: 1927: 1922: 1920: 1914: 1906: 1904: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1882: 1880: 1878: 1873: 1868: 1865: 1860: 1855: 1847: 1845: 1841: 1838: 1834: 1826: 1821: 1819: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1802: 1800: 1798: 1794: 1789: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1755: 1753: 1751: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1729: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1706: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1687: 1685: 1681: 1680:William Joyce 1677: 1676:Oswald Mosley 1673: 1669: 1661: 1659: 1655: 1652: 1648: 1642: 1634: 1632: 1630: 1625: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1601: 1599: 1598:Eastern Front 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1571: 1569: 1567: 1562: 1559: 1554: 1550: 1545: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1526: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1507: 1505: 1503: 1498: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1483: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1468: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1453: 1449: 1444: 1441: 1437: 1429: 1427: 1425: 1420: 1417: 1415: 1411: 1410:División Azul 1407: 1406:Blue Division 1401: 1399: 1395: 1390: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1379:Spanish State 1377: 1375: 1369: 1361: 1359: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1344: 1342: 1338: 1333: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1290:raw materials 1287: 1283: 1278: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1255: 1253: 1249: 1244: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1220: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1186: 1184: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1163: 1161: 1159: 1155: 1152:. 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Stanford: 3515: 3502: 3478: 3474: 3448: 3439: 3436:Elson, R. E. 3423: 3418: 3410: 3402: 3395:Walters 2010 3390: 3359: 3347: 3335: 3293: 3286:Inomata 1997 3281: 3269: 3250: 3244: 3235: 3227: 3222: 3217:feldgrau.com 3210: 3202: 3197: 3189: 3167: 3157: 3149: 3137:. Retrieved 3130: 3120: 3110:November 14, 3108:. Retrieved 3101: 3091: 3079:. Retrieved 3075:the original 3065: 3054:the original 3045: 3023:. Retrieved 3019:the original 3014: 3005: 2993:. Retrieved 2989: 2980: 2962: 2944: 2926: 2914:. Retrieved 2910:the original 2900: 2877: 2868: 2856:. Retrieved 2852:the original 2837: 2825:. Retrieved 2821: 2812: 2800:. Retrieved 2796: 2787: 2775:. Retrieved 2771: 2762: 2718:World War II 2707: 2692: 2669: 2647: 2635:Heini Becker 2633:politician, 2620: 2591: 2587:puppet state 2577: 2558: 2538: 2531: 2510:puppet state 2479: 2470: 2455: 2446: 2431:Please help 2419: 2388: 2369: 2360: 2353: 2337: 2326: 2320: 2317: 2301: 2293:Nazi Germany 2282: 2249: 2215: 2207: 2200: 2183: 2162: 2152: 2141: 2137:Lappa Island 2127:, Commander 2120: 2114: 2112: 2101: 2088: 2069: 2055: 2044:Oil Refinery 2035:had brought 2029:Soviet Union 2022: 1996: 1981: 1977: 1970: 1958: 1939: 1931: 1923: 1916: 1901:Central Asia 1897:client state 1886: 1869: 1861: 1857: 1842: 1830: 1806: 1793:puppet state 1790: 1778:Pope Pius XI 1759: 1756:Vatican City 1730: 1722:puppet state 1707: 1695:Nazi Germany 1688: 1684:John Beckett 1672:Arnold Leese 1665: 1656: 1644: 1626: 1602: 1575: 1563: 1546: 1527: 1511: 1499: 1495:Swedish Army 1484: 1469: 1457:Narvik front 1445: 1433: 1421: 1418: 1409: 1402: 1391: 1381:gave moral, 1374:Generalísimo 1373: 1371: 1345: 1334: 1279: 1256: 1245: 1221: 1213:Khalkhin Gol 1190: 1187:Soviet Union 1167: 1135: 1109: 1086:Nazi Germany 1079: 1056: 1051:Vichy French 1032: 1003: 995: 973: 968: 959: 941:— the 929: 918: 886: 860: 822: 812: 797: 791: 772: 757: 755: 737: 697: 671: 648: 628:A conscript 627: 615: 584: 567: 560: 554: 551: 542: 538: 530: 516: 514: 506: 501: 494:Vilhelm Buhl 477: 447: 408: 377: 373:Victor Carey 354: 332: 324:Maginot line 317: 295: 283:puppet state 280: 239: 232: 224:Nazi Germany 212: 200: 184: 165: 164: 120: 105: 96: 86: 79: 72: 65: 53: 41:Please help 36:verification 33: 6857:Axis powers 6554:Bodenplatte 6440:Gothic Line 5666:West Africa 5213:Philippines 5192:Netherlands 5057:Czech lands 4995:Switzerland 4939:Afghanistan 4890:Philippines 4758:Puerto Rico 4674:Philippines 4660:New Zealand 4646:Netherlands 4599:Free France 4350:Prosecution 4151:Osoaviakhim 4021:West Africa 4005:East Africa 3652:Conferences 3352:Potash 1969 3340:Potash 1969 3328:Potash 1969 3313:Potash 1969 3298:Potash 1969 3135:(in German) 3106:(in German) 2802:November 8, 2777:November 8, 2627:German Army 2623:World War I 2498:El Salvador 2297:Axis powers 2227:Stieglitz, 2133:South China 1833:Afghanistan 1827:Afghanistan 1514:Swiss franc 1508:Switzerland 1306:mineral oil 1209:Lake Khasan 1043:Free French 832:Fighter ace 830:in history 672:Before the 570:Danish navy 485:Christian X 318:Before the 185:During the 150:Axis Powers 6846:Categories 6654:West Hunan 6487:Pointblank 5823:Silver Fox 5809:Summer War 5562:Winter War 5541:Phoney War 5322:Azerbaijan 5283:Yugoslavia 5178:Luxembourg 5020:Resistance 4767:Yugoslavia 4632:Luxembourg 4434:Sook Ching 4230:War crimes 3832:Technology 3825:Opposition 3767:Lend-Lease 3744:Australian 3737:Home front 3695:Blitzkrieg 3645:Casualties 3636:Commanders 3608:Operations 3383:Lewis 2001 3364:Lewis 2001 3025:January 1, 2995:January 1, 2986:"Danforce" 2827:January 1, 2699:Wellington 2680:E.W. Bohle 2569:J.P.Morgan 2494:Costa Rica 2380:Lethbridge 2378:, who won 2278:Sd.Kfz. 8s 2274:Sd.Kfz. 7s 2270:Sd.Kfz. 6s 2065:Lend-Lease 2023:Following 1966:Dai Nippon 1803:Yugoslavia 1737:John Amery 1606:Panzer III 1594:Stalingrad 1522:Reichsbank 1465:Baltic Sea 1387:neutrality 1322:U-boat war 1294:phosphates 1271:Winter War 1263:Bessarabia 1199:, against 1169:San Marino 1164:San Marino 1142:Australian 775:Plan Green 434:Emil Hácha 69:newspapers 6719:Manchuria 6605:Indochina 6381:Bagration 5832:Lithuania 5477:Anschluss 5274:Viet Minh 5171:Lithuania 5113:Hong Kong 4883:Manchukuo 4838:Azad Hind 4497:Australia 4297:Aftermath 4160:Paperclip 4055:Aftermath 3855:Total war 3723:Diplomacy 3686:In Europe 3495:0006-2294 3440:Indonesia 3081:March 21, 2882:Gyldendal 2793:"Andorra" 2660:New Guard 2617:Australia 2602:Louisiana 2598:St. Louis 2584:Manchukuo 2534:Germany's 2514:Manchukuo 2420:does not 2266:tankettes 2236:tankettes 2186:Argentina 2172:Argentina 2057:Wehrmacht 1907:Indonesia 1797:Manchukuo 1786:Concordat 1739:, son of 1726:Manchukuo 1647:Ukrainian 1540:, and 1% 1530:Alemannic 1487:Waffen-SS 1275:Leningrad 1237:Lithuania 1146:commandos 1060:René Blum 998:Lithuania 986:Lithuania 962:Strasshof 947:Elisabeth 843:Luftwaffe 799:Taoiseach 684:in 1938. 630:Waffen-SS 531:Wehrmacht 512:of 1941. 251:Wehrmacht 220:Anschluss 6830:Category 6779:document 6689:document 6546:Ardennes 6530:Budapest 6478:Crossbow 6356:Overlord 6195:Smolensk 5413:Timeline 5248:Slovakia 5234:Thailand 5085:Ethiopia 5050:Bulgaria 4974:Portugal 4912:Thailand 4794:Bulgaria 4572:Eswatini 4565:Ethiopia 4518:Bulgaria 4343:Unit 731 4304:Response 4121:Keelhaul 4071:Cold War 4044:Americas 4035:timeline 4028:Atlantic 3908:Theaters 3530:(2010). 2970:Archived 2952:Archived 2934:Archived 2876:(2003). 2712:See also 2643:Lutheran 2504:offered 2500:and the 2355:Swastika 2331:Canadian 2167:Americas 2080:The Shah 2062:American 1978:sukarela 1808:Chetniks 1784:and the 1766:Holy See 1586:Caucasus 1436:Sweden's 1398:matériel 1383:economic 1302:iron ore 1298:chromium 1259:occupied 1131:tungsten 1115:Portugal 1100:Portugal 1035:Louis II 839:materiel 796:, Irish 705:Quisling 700:Greece's 575:flotilla 525:and the 418:occupied 361:Guernsey 259:infantry 247:Catholic 6756:Shumshu 6523:Hungary 6470:Estonia 6454:Lapland 6432:Dragoon 6365:Neptune 6347:Ichi-Go 6313:Tempest 6255:Changde 6210:Cottage 6102:Jubilee 5818:Finland 5716:Compass 5422:Prelude 5375:Finland 5261:Vietnam 5227:Romania 5099:Germany 5078:Estonia 5064:Denmark 5043:Belgium 5036:Austria 5029:Albania 4960:Ireland 4946:Andorra 4930:Neutral 4897:Romania 4831:Hungary 4816:Finland 4688:Romania 4580:Finland 4558:Denmark 4504:Belgium 4490:Algeria 4196:Romania 4182:Hungary 3938:Pacific 3662:General 3616:Leaders 3601:Battles 3594:Outline 3139:May 26, 2688:Hamburg 2631:Liberal 2612:Oceania 2522:nations 2441:removed 2426:sources 2393:of the 2376:Alberta 2346:Ontario 2217:Bolivia 2149:gunboat 1983:rōmusha 1974:Jakarta 1954:Sumatra 1944:(later 1919:Sukarno 1893:Islamic 1748:in the 1635:Ukraine 1538:Italian 1463:in the 1286:exports 1229:Estonia 1090:Hungary 1023:Belarus 1014:Vilnius 935:Franz I 901:Liepaja 897:Rumbula 845:in the 728:Ireland 651:Siberia 600:Estonia 580:brigade 480:Germany 468:Denmark 441:. Many 414:Moravia 410:Bohemia 383:bags". 369:bailiff 335:fascist 308:Belgium 265:Belarus 197:Austria 191:Andorra 181:Andorra 83:scholar 6733:Debate 6705:Taipei 6698:Borneo 6276:Tarawa 5470:Europe 5431:Africa 5220:Poland 5206:Norway 5185:Malaya 5164:Latvia 5106:Greece 5092:France 4988:Sweden 4953:Bhutan 4681:Poland 4667:Norway 4639:Mexico 4606:Greece 4592:France 4530:Canada 4511:Brazil 4481:Allies 4427:Serbia 4416:Poland 4189:Poland 4175:Baltic 3968:Europe 3670:Topics 3622:Allied 3540: 3493: 3455: 3257: 2888: 2567:(from 2541:Franco 2528:Mexico 2486:Allied 2350:Quebec 2314:Canada 2287:was a 2276:, and 2251:Brazil 2246:Brazil 2191:Brazil 2145:Azores 2091:Polish 2052:Allied 2041:Abadan 1962:Ngarai 1950:Padang 1714:Puyi's 1578:Turkey 1572:Turkey 1536:, 10% 1534:French 1430:Sweden 1330:Allies 1318:rubber 1314:cotton 1233:Latvia 1127:Lisbon 1123:Azores 1070:Poland 1047:Monaco 1039:French 1029:Monaco 1010:Kaunas 976:asylum 932:Prince 881:, and 869:Latvia 851:Plan W 759:Abwehr 688:Greece 678:Poland 662:France 454:Czechs 403:, and 371:, Sir 314:Rexism 255:alpine 243:Vienna 176:Europe 157: 155: 148: 146: 140: 131: 85: 78: 71: 64: 56: 6509:Leyte 6339:Narva 6325:Anzio 6283:Makin 6241:Burma 6125:Torch 6094:Rzhev 6055:Kiska 5141:Korea 5127:Japan 5120:Italy 5002:Tibet 4981:Spain 4859:Italy 4620:Italy 4613:India 4537:China 4412:Japan 4012:Italy 3924:China 3876:Women 3471:(PDF) 3057:(PDF) 3050:(PDF) 2518:state 2401:Chile 2357:clubs 2263:CV-33 2233:CV-33 2159:Tibet 2153:Maiko 2121:Xi'an 2108:Macau 2098:Macau 1999:Tokyo 1992:Heiho 1848:China 1693:with 1362:Spain 1341:Asian 1310:grain 1284:with 1205:Italy 1154:Macau 1064:Opera 638:Narva 416:were 381:Jerry 90:JSTOR 76:books 6575:1945 6303:1944 6144:1943 6072:Blue 6062:Attu 5969:1942 5728:1941 5580:1940 5518:1939 5447:Asia 5294:POWs 5134:Jews 4852:Iraq 4778:Axis 4728:Tuva 4544:Cuba 3629:Axis 3538:ISBN 3491:ISSN 3453:ISBN 3411:Time 3255:ISBN 3159:Time 3141:2023 3112:2023 3083:2010 3027:2019 2997:2019 2918:2006 2886:ISBN 2860:2006 2829:2019 2804:2022 2779:2022 2695:Apia 2678:and 2594:POWs 2571:and 2424:any 2422:cite 2348:and 2321:The 2261:Ks, 2221:Peru 2219:and 2119:(or 2116:Sian 2072:Iraq 2037:Iran 2013:Iran 1990:and 1988:PETA 1926:Java 1822:Asia 1776:and 1760:The 1703:USSR 1682:and 1590:Baku 1450:the 1300:and 1265:and 1211:and 1088:and 893:Roma 889:Riga 749:and 739:Éire 715:and 508:the 496:and 412:and 365:Sark 257:and 170:Axis 62:news 3483:doi 3479:167 2646:as 2512:of 2435:by 2374:of 1899:in 1831:In 1810:of 1795:of 1724:of 1624:). 1610:IVs 1288:of 1148:in 1140:by 1025:). 951:née 937:of 825:RAF 753:). 45:by 6848:: 6323:/ 3489:, 3477:, 3473:, 3409:. 3371:^ 3320:^ 3305:^ 3179:^ 3156:. 3129:. 3100:. 3035:^ 3013:. 2988:. 2846:. 2820:. 2795:. 2770:. 2690:. 2589:. 2547:. 2496:, 2492:, 2386:. 2367:. 2272:, 2268:, 1952:, 1937:. 1835:, 1818:. 1799:. 1752:. 1743:. 1631:. 1620:, 1612:, 1568:. 1504:. 1497:. 1482:) 1467:. 1426:. 1416:. 1332:. 1316:, 1312:, 1308:, 1304:, 1296:, 1277:. 1235:, 1231:, 1160:. 969:SS 877:, 865:. 711:, 625:. 549:. 523:SS 492:, 432:. 399:, 395:, 304:. 189:, 5826:) 5820:( 4694:) 4690:( 4626:) 4622:( 4586:) 4582:( 4524:) 4520:( 3574:e 3567:t 3560:v 3546:. 3522:. 3509:. 3485:: 3461:. 3263:. 3143:. 3114:. 3085:. 3029:. 2999:. 2920:. 2894:. 2862:. 2831:. 2806:. 2781:. 2462:) 2456:( 2451:) 2447:( 2443:. 2429:. 1712:( 1608:- 1408:( 1292:( 949:( 112:) 106:( 101:) 97:( 87:· 80:· 73:· 66:· 39:.

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Foreign relations of the Axis powers

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