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specialist hospitals which offer treatment with high levels of security. These facilities are divided into three main categories: High, Medium and Low Secure. Although the phrase "Maximum Secure" is often used in the media, there is no such classification. "Local Secure" is a common misnomer for Low Secure units, as patients are often detained there by local criminal courts for psychiatric assessment before sentencing.
161:
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537:, both crisis admissions and medium-term care are usually provided on acute admissions wards. Juvenile or youth wards in psychiatric hospitals or psychiatric wards are set aside for children or youth with mental illness. Long-term care facilities have the goal of treatment and rehabilitation within a short time-frame (two or three years). Another institution for the mentally ill is a community-based
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50:
845:, also defined the mental hospital as an oppressive, locked, and total institution in which prison-like, punitive rules are applied, in order to gradually eliminate its own contents. Patients, doctors and nurses are all subjected (at different levels) to the same process of institutionalism. American psychiatrist
449:
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, psychiatric institutions ceased using terms such as "madness", "lunacy" or "insanity", which assumed a unitary psychosis, and began instead splitting into numerous mental diseases, including catatonia, melancholia, and dementia praecox, which is now known as
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regularly discharge mental health patients, who are then typically referred to out-patient treatment and therapy. A study of community hospital discharge data from 2003 to 2011, however, found that mental health hospitalizations had increased for both children and adults. Compared to other hospital
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Another type of psychiatric hospital is medium term, which provides care lasting several weeks. Most drugs used for psychiatric purposes take several weeks to take effect, and the main purpose of these hospitals is to monitor the patient for the first few weeks of therapy to ensure the treatment is
864:
has often objected to or campaigned against conditions in mental hospitals or their use, voluntarily or involuntarily. The mental patient liberation movement emphatically opposes involuntary treatment but it generally does not object to any psychiatric treatments that are consensual, provided that
480:
With successive waves of reform and the introduction of effective evidence-based treatments, modern psychiatric hospitals provide a primary emphasis on treatment; and further, they attempt—where possible—to help patients control their own lives in the outside world with the use of a combination of
381:
traveled frequently to
Islamic countries and observed several institutions that confined the insane. He proposed the founding of an institution exclusive for "sick people who had to be treated by doctors", something very modern for the time. The foundation was carried out in 1409 thanks to several
668:
can, under various sections of the Mental Health Act, order the detention of offenders in a psychiatric hospital, but the term "criminally insane" is no longer legally or medically recognized. Secure psychiatric units exist in all regions of the UK for this purpose; in addition, there are a few
603:
In the United
Kingdom, long-term care facilities are now being replaced with smaller secure units, some within hospitals. Modern buildings, modern security, and being locally situated to help with reintegration into society once medication has stabilized the condition are often features of such
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Open psychiatric units are not as secure as crisis stabilization units. They are not used for acutely suicidal people; instead, the focus in these units is to make life as normal as possible for patients while continuing treatment to the point where they can be discharged. However, patients are
575:
Juvenile wards are sections of psychiatric hospitals or psychiatric wards set aside for children with mental illness. However, there are a number of institutions specializing only in the treatment of juveniles, particularly when dealing with drug abuse, self-harm, eating disorders, anxiety,
465:" and the process by which it takes efforts to maintain predictable and regular behavior on the part of both "guard" and "captor", suggesting that many of the features of such institutions serve the ritual function of ensuring that both classes of people know their function and
632:. These facilities provide assisted living for an extended period of time for patients with mental illnesses, and they often aid in the transition to self-sufficiency. These institutions are considered to be one of the most important parts of a mental health system by many
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utilization, mental health discharges for children were the lowest while the most rapidly increasing hospitalizations were for adults under 64. Some units have been opened to provide therapeutically enhanced
Treatment, a subcategory to the three main hospital unit types.
616:. These units have the goal of treatment and rehabilitation to allow for transition back into society within a short time-frame, usually lasting two or three years. Not all patients' treatment meets this criterion, however, leading larger hospitals to retain this role.
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usually still not allowed to hold their own medications in their rooms because of the risk of an impulsive overdose. While some open units are physically unlocked, other open units still use locked entrances and exits, depending on the type of patients admitted.
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676:, these facilities which provide psychiatric assessments can also provide treatment and accommodation in a safe hospital environment which prevents absconding. Thus there is far less risk of patients harming themselves or others. In
783:
has argued that psychiatric hospitals are like prisons unlike other kinds of hospitals, and that psychiatrists who coerce people (into treatment or involuntary commitment) function as judges and jailers, not physicians. Historian
441:
At the beginning of the 19th century there were a few thousand people housed in a variety of disparate institutions throughout
England, but by 1900 that figure had grown to about 100,000. This growth coincided with the growth of
830:
Goffman describes how the institutionalisation process socialises people into the role of a good patient, someone "dull, harmless and inconspicuous"; in turn, it reinforces notions of chronicity in severe mental illness. The
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only if the patient demonstrated violence, incurable chronic illness, or some other extremely debilitating ailment. Psychological wards were typically enclosed by iron bars owing to the aggression of some of the patients.
752:. Among the three unit types, medium secure facilities are the most prevalent in the UK. As of 2009, there were 27 women-only units in England. Irish units include those at prisons in Portlaise, Castelrea, and Cork.
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These hospitals provide stabilization and rehabilitation for those who are actively experiencing uncontrolled symptoms of mental disorders such as depression, bipolar disorders, eating disorders, and so on.
405:
in
England, began to advocate for the viewing of mental illness as a disorder that required compassionate treatment that would aid in the rehabilitation of the victim. In the Western world, the arrival of
748:, medium and low secure units exist but high secure units on the UK mainland are used for patients who qualify for the treatment under the Out of Area (Off-Island Placements) Referrals provision of the
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noticed that the psychiatric institution itself gave him master classes in the art of the "total institution": labeling, unnecessary dependency, the induction and perpetuation of powerlessness, the
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935:
Frank
Sutherland, who received coaching from a psychiatrist in order to accurately feign symptoms, and spent 31 days in late 1973 to early 1974, leading to a series of articles in the
2090:
354:. While not devoted solely to patients with psychiatric disorders, early psychiatric hospitals often contained wards for patients exhibiting mania or other psychological distress.
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446:, later known as psychiatry, as a medical specialism. The treatment of inmates in early lunatic asylums was sometimes very brutal and focused on containment and restraint.
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Youssef, H. A., Youssef, F. A., & Dening, T. R. (1996). Evidence for the existence of schizophrenia in medieval
Islamic society. History of Psychiatry, 7(25), 055–62.
410:
as a solution to the problem of madness was very much an advent of the nineteenth century. The first public mental asylums were established in
Britain; the passing of the
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In some countries, the mental institution may be used for the incarceration of political prisoners as a form of punishment. One notable historical example was the use of
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255:, while others provide long-term care for individuals requiring routine assistance or a controlled environment due to their psychiatric condition. Patients may choose
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movement coming to the fore in the 1960s has opposed many of the practices, conditions, or existence of mental hospitals; due to the extreme conditions in them. The
549:
Crisis
Stabilization Units (CSU) are small facilities with minimal beds used for people in crisis whose needs cannot be met safely in residential service settings.
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on patients, which includes tying psychiatric patients to their beds for days or even months at a time, though this practice still is periodically employed in the
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Vaslamatzis, G.; Katsouyanni, K.; Markidis, M. (1997). "The efficacy of a psychiatric halfway house: a study of hospital recidivism and global outcome measure".
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Modern psychiatric hospitals evolved from, and eventually replaced, the older lunatic asylum. Their development also entails the rise of organized institutional
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who contributed funds for its completion. It was considered the first institution in the world at that time specialized in the treatment of mental illnesses.
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812:" for mental hospitals and similar places which took over and confined a person's whole life. Goffman placed psychiatric hospitals in the same category as
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and its values: relations of Family–Children (paternal authority), Fault–Punishment (immediate justice), Madness–Disorder (social and moral order).
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There are several different types of modern psychiatric hospitals, but all of them house people with mental illnesses of varying severity. In the
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In general hospitals, psychiatric wards or units serve a similar purpose. Modern psychiatric hospitals have evolved from the older concept of
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Unsworth, Clive."Law and Lunacy in
Psychiatry's 'Golden Age'", Oxford Journal of Legal Studies. Vol. 13, No. 4. (Winter, 1993), pp. 482.
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Psychiatric hospitals vary considerably in size and classification. Some specialize in short-term or outpatient therapy for low-risk
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489:. These treatments can be involuntary. Involuntary treatments are among the many psychiatric practices which are questioned by the
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Because of cultural taboos against refusing to care for one's family members, mentally ill patients would be surrendered to a
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1059:"Involuntary mental health treatment in the era of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities"
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phrase, meaning "fools' tower"; the hospital was among the earliest buildings designed specifically for the mentally ill.
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853:, authoritarianism, and the primacy of institutional needs over the patients, whom it was ostensibly there to serve.
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1999:"Delivering medical care for patients with serious mental illness or promoting a collaborative model of recovery?"
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also has used punitive psychiatry toward political opponents and critics of current government in modern times.
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to house the many 'pauper lunatics'. Nine counties first applied, the first public asylum opening in 1812 in
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2281:"Central State Psychiatric Hospital Exposé - Frank Sutherland - Nashville Tennessean · Undercover Reporting"
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2091:"Soteria and other alternatives to acute psychiatric hospitalization: a personal and professional review"
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794:. He argued that Tuke and Pinel's asylum was a symbolic recreation of the condition of a child under a
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made the construction of asylums in every county compulsory with regular inspections on behalf of the
289:, that assist patients in functioning in the outside world. Many countries have prohibited the use of
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treatments, most modern psychiatric hospitals emphasize treatment, usually including a combination of
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is widely known for his comprehensive critique of the use and abuse of the mental hospital system in
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2218:""I Was a Mental Patient" - Michael Mok - New York World-Telegram & Sun · Undercover Reporting"
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Republican Vilnius Psychiatric Hospital in Naujoji Vilnia, one of the largest health facilities in
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Betty Wells, who investigated in 1974, with the articles titled "A Trip into Darkness" for the
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2341:""Trip Into Darkness" - Betty Wells - Wichita Eagle and Wichita Beacon · Undercover Reporting"
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2166:"Blog4 — 7 days of Frank Smith doing undercover reporting at a mental hospital by Baidi Wang"
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2010:
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2141:""Seven Days in the Madhouse!" - Frank Smith - Chicago Daily Times · Undercover Reporting"
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of 1973 demonstrated the difficulty of distinguishing sane patients from insane patients.
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259:, but those deemed to pose a significant danger to themselves or others may be subject to
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This article is about modern psychiatric hospitals. For historical lunatic asylums, see
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1188:長谷川利夫. (2016). 精神科医療における隔離・ 身体拘束実態調査 ～その急増の背景要因を探り縮減への道筋を考える～. 病院・地域精神医学, 59(1), 18–21.
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881:, several journalists have been willingly admitted to hospitals in order to conduct
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2040:"Community psychiatry without mental hospitals—the Italian experience: a review"
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Working Commission to Investigate the Use of Psychiatry for Political Purposes
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2015:
1998:
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1484:"Asylums: Essays on the Social Situation of Mental Patients and other Inmates"
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Asylums: essays on the social situation of mental patients and other inmates
906:, who admitted herself to a mental institution in 1887, leading to the work
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435:
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is a specialized medical facility that focuses on the treatment of severe
2551:
2443:
1172:"Number of patients physically restrained at psychiatric hospitals soars"
1057:
Mahomed, Faraaz; Stein, Michael Ashley; Patel, Vikram (18 October 2018).
733:
383:
369:, the first idea and set up for a proper mental hospital entered through
211:
2401:
2609:
2546:
1524:"- Reports of the Surgeon General - Profiles in Science Search Results"
1241:"How often are psychiatric patients restrained at your local hospital?"
780:
721:
653:
347:
252:
1749:"Not guilty by reason of insanity: Inside the Central Mental Hospital"
1501:
1014:, a best-practice methodology for the design of psychiatric facilities
928:
Michael Mok, who investigated similarly in New York 1961, winning the
919:
hospital, leading to the articles "Seven days in the Madhouse" in the
2389:
2373:
1412:"Throughout History, Defining Schizophrenia Has Remained a challenge"
1280:"Jundi-Shapur, bimaristans, and the rise of academic medical centres"
817:
677:
592:
415:
1770:"Trends and Projections of U.S. Hospital Costs by Payer, 2003-2013"
277:
With successive waves of reform, and the introduction of effective
150:
Danvers State Hospital, Danvers, Massachusetts, Kirkbride Complex,
759:
649:
628:
One type of institution for the mentally ill is a community-based
583:
512:
500:
434:, and required asylums to have written regulations and a resident
370:
318:
302:
298:
174:
168:
159:
145:
27:
Hospital specializing in the treatment of serious mental disorders
2378:
1913:
The Roots of the Recovery Movement in Psychiatry: Lessons Learned
1776:(176). Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
1684:"Belarus: forced psychiatric treatment for inconvenienced doctor"
1398:
Madmen: A Social History of Madhouses, Mad-Doctors & Lunatics
798:
family. It was a microcosm symbolizing the massive structures of
1198:
Khandelwal, SudhirK; Deb, KoushikSinha; Krishnan, Vijay (2015).
3028:
2415:
1966:"Goffman's Asylums and the Social Situation of Mental Patients"
414:
empowered magistrates to build rate-supported asylums in every
227:. These institutions cater to patients with conditions such as
2193:"Historical Archive: Awards No Longer Given by the Foundation"
1798:
1488:
43:
3024:
1910:
Davidson, Larry; Rakfeldt, Jaak; Strauss, John, eds. (2010).
1710:"Belarus: hunger striker Kavalenka taken to psychiatric ward"
426:
were empowered to license and supervise private asylums. The
2385:
National Resource Center on Psychiatric Advance Directives
604:
units. Examples of this include the Three Bridges Unit at
3261:
Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists
2384:
2398:
Comprehensive List of Victorian Insane Asylums in the UK
1542:"Residential Facilities and Long-Term Psychiatric Care"
2392:
History and photographs of early psychiatric hospitals
841:, a leading psychiatrist who inspired and planned the
3271:
Taiwanese Society of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
636:, although some localities lack sufficient funding.
473:" them. Asylums as a key text in the development of
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3289:
3191:
American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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2830:
2779:
2738:
2702:
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2305:Kroeger, Brooke; Hamill, Pete (2012). "HARD TIME".
1654:LaFraniere, Sharon; Levin, Dan (11 November 2010).
346:in the early ninth century; the first was built in
74:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1735:"The Central Mental Hospital is being closed down"
1069:(10). Public Library of Science (PLoS): e1002679.
700:In the UK, high secure hospitals exist, including
330:, a pioneer in moral treatment of the mentally ill
1633:. Central European University Press. p. 32.
1007:Political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union
37:"Funny farm" redirects here. For other uses, see
1630:Between exile and asylum: an eastern epistolary
1114:
1112:
865:both parties can withdraw consent at any time.
2311:. Northwestern University Press. p. 196.
2251:. Northwestern University Press. p. 193.
1768:Weiss AJ, Barrett ML, Andrews RM (July 2014).
664:In the United Kingdom, criminal courts or the
3241:Independent Psychiatric Association of Russia
3040:
2427:
873:Alongside the 1973 academic investigation by
8:
1829:"The myth of mental illness: 50 years later"
915:Frank Smith in 1935 admitted himself into a
1142:
1140:
652:. Like the former Soviet Union and China,
521:-styled Röykkä Hospital, formerly known as
3196:American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology
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2412:
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2014:
1847:
1682:Polska Agencja Prasowa (29 August 2013).
1303:
1215:
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1074:
1040:"White House Intruder Put in Mental Ward"
134:Learn how and when to remove this message
2045:Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
1900:, Routledge 2006, pp.490–1, 507–8, 510–1
1708:Polska Agencja Prasowa (26 March 2012).
1656:"Assertive Chinese Held in Mental Wards"
1284:Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
2369:Camarillo State Mental Hospital History
1414:. Scientific American Mind (March 2013)
1031:
1020:, involuntary treatment proponent group
997:New Freedom Commission on Mental Health
646:punitive psychiatry in the Soviet Union
186:; the hospital treated several notable
1482:Mac Suibhne, Séamus (7 October 2009).
1256:
862:psychiatric consumer/survivor movement
771:, U.S., in operation from 1881 to 1989
576:depression or other mental illnesses.
3430:Neurological conditions and disorders
3201:American Neuropsychiatric Association
2099:Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
1943:. Transaction Publishers. p. 9.
7:
2245:; Hamill, Pete (2012). "HARD TIME".
1986:from the original on 9 October 2022.
1916:. John Wiley and Sons. p. 150.
1160:from the original on 9 October 2022.
326:, built in the late 18th century by
72:adding citations to reliable sources
3251:National Institute of Mental Health
1859:from the original on 9 October 2022
1204:Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry
972:History of psychiatric institutions
3236:Hong Kong College of Psychiatrists
3211:Campaign Against Psychiatric Abuse
1278:Miller, Andrew C (December 2006).
1239:Reyes, Emily Alpert (2023-10-19).
1200:"Restraint and seclusion in India"
896:in 1872, leading to the 1876 book
491:mental patient liberation movement
25:
1810:Georgie Parry‐Crooke (June 2009)
1463:. A Middlesex University resource
3479:
3469:
3226:European Psychiatric Association
3206:American Psychiatric Association
2112:10.1097/00005053-199903000-00003
612:and the John Munroe Hospital in
595:, built in 1784, is named for a
389:Later on, physicians, including
48:
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3231:Global Initiative on Psychiatry
3080:Child and adolescent psychiatry
1997:Lester H.; Gask L. (May 2006).
824:, and monasteries. In his book
692:Community hospitals across the
422:. In 1828, the newly appointed
59:needs additional citations for
3447:Psychiatric survivors movement
3337:Psychiatric survivors movement
3307:Controversies about psychiatry
3266:Royal College of Psychiatrists
2407:Psychiatric hospitals rankings
1461:"Extracts from Erving Goffman"
1002:Psychiatric survivors movement
688:Community hospital utilization
182:'s administration building in
1:
3332:Political abuse of psychiatry
3281:World Psychiatric Association
3216:Chinese Society of Psychiatry
2038:Tansella M. (November 1986).
2003:British Journal of Psychiatry
1598:10.1016/S0924-9338(97)89647-2
684:performs a similar function.
151:
18:Forensic psychiatric hospital
1877:Deleuze and Guattari (1972)
1627:Matvejević, Predrag (2004).
1363:. Rosen Publishing. p.
1076:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002679
765:Traverse City State Hospital
2766:Veterans medical facilities
2507:Hospital information system
1410:Yuhas, Daisy (March 2013).
967:History of mental disorders
843:psychiatric reform in Italy
461:described a theory of the "
221:behavioral health hospital,
3542:
3246:Indian Psychiatric Society
2684:Tertiary referral hospital
2396:TheTimeChamber Asylum List
2374:Historical Asylums website
2345:undercover.hosting.nyu.edu
2285:undercover.hosting.nyu.edu
2222:undercover.hosting.nyu.edu
2145:undercover.hosting.nyu.edu
2089:Mosher L.R. (March 1999).
2058:10.1177/014107688607901117
1344:10.1177/0957154x9600702503
1296:10.1177/014107680609901208
1263:: CS1 maint: url-status (
898:A Mad World and Its People
894:Bloomingdale Insane Asylum
820:, military organizations,
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29:
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3322:Electroconvulsive therapy
3317:Biopsychiatry controversy
3090:Cross-cultural psychiatry
3085:Cognitive neuropsychiatry
2992:
2739:Limited class of patients
2450:
2402:Bipolar Disorder at WebMD
2016:10.1192/bjp.bp.105.015933
1973:Orthomolecular Psychiatry
1018:Treatment Advocacy Center
992:MindFreedom International
580:Long-term care facilities
237:major depressive disorder
3516:Psychiatric specialities
3369:Psychiatric epidemiology
3364:Philosophy of psychiatry
3256:Philadelphia Association
3095:Developmental disability
2170:C409 - News Media Ethics
1937:Wallace, Samuel (1971).
1849:10.1192/pb.bp.110.031310
1433:Goffman, Erving (1961).
1217:10.4103/0971-9962.173294
791:Madness and Civilization
350:under the leadership of
3435:Psychiatric medications
2994:Lists of hospitals in:
2878:Rehabilitation hospital
2751:Combat support hospital
2626:Geographic service area
2612:lying in houses (India)
2502:Hospital administrators
1812:My life: in safe hands?
1359:The History of Medicine
909:Ten Days in a Mad-House
769:Traverse City, Michigan
718:Rampton Secure Hospital
682:Central Mental Hospital
674:National Health Service
424:Commissioners in Lunacy
412:County Asylums Act 1808
305:, and other countries.
283:psychiatric medications
3404:Psychosomatic medicine
3140:Nutritional psychiatry
3100:Descriptive psychiatry
2703:Unique physical traits
2667:Complexity of services
2381:– Asylum wiki database
1897:The History of Madness
1814:. Accessed 2 June 2010
1801:, Accessed 2 June 2010
1789:, Accessed 2 June 2010
1774:HCUP Statistical Brief
1176:The Japan Times Online
977:Institutional syndrome
962:Deinstitutionalisation
772:
750:Mental Health Act 1983
640:Political imprisonment
600:
530:
510:
475:deinstitutionalization
331:
261:involuntary commitment
217:mental health hospital
205:
192:Massachusetts governor
184:Belmont, Massachusetts
172:
157:
83:"Psychiatric hospital"
3511:Psychiatric hospitals
3327:Insulin shock therapy
3302:Clinical neuroscience
3221:Democratic Psychiatry
3075:Biological psychiatry
1964:Weinstein R. (1982).
1355:Rooney, Anne (2009).
883:undercover journalism
869:Undercover journalism
763:
606:St Bernard's Hospital
587:
516:
504:
469:, in other words of "
457:In 1961, sociologist
338:. Hospitals known as
322:
190:residents, including
178:
163:
149:
3506:Hospital departments
3440:by condition treated
3379:Psychiatric hospital
3374:Psychiatric genetics
3120:Geriatric psychiatry
3110:Emergency psychiatry
3070:Addiction psychiatry
2888:Verterinary hospital
2873:Psychiatric hospital
2725:Underground hospital
2492:Emergency department
2453:History of hospitals
2308:Undercover Reporting
2248:Undercover Reporting
2191:Hofschneider, Mark.
2129:on 29 February 2012.
1528:profiles.nlm.nih.gov
1396:Porter, Roy (2006).
938:Nashville Tennessean
851:degradation ceremony
545:Crisis stabilization
408:institutionalisation
379:Juan Gilaberto Jofré
257:voluntary commitment
165:Niuvanniemi Hospital
68:improve this article
3297:Behavioral medicine
3155:Palliative medicine
3135:Military psychiatry
3115:Forensic psychiatry
2897:Century established
2843:Children's hospital
2797:Non-profit hospital
2792:For-profit hospital
2787:Charitable hospital
2600:Hôtel-Dieu (France)
2527:Intensive care unit
2390:Kirkbride Buildings
1716:(in Polish). Warsaw
1690:(in Polish). Warsaw
1586:European Psychiatry
922:Chicago Daily Times
879:similar experiments
833:Rosenhan experiment
814:concentration camps
291:physical restraints
3526:Total institutions
3399:Psychopharmacology
3130:Liaison psychiatry
2868:Maternity hospital
2817:Voluntary hospital
2694:Specialty hospital
2679:Secondary hospital
2658:Municipal hospital
2639:Community hospital
2487:Coronary care unit
2461:Category:Hospitals
1940:Total Institutions
1661:The New York Times
1320:on 1 February 2013
773:
710:Broadmoor Hospital
601:
531:
523:Nummela Sanatorium
511:
471:institutionalizing
373:. A member of the
342:were built in the
332:
215:, also known as a
206:
195:Nathaniel P. Banks
173:
158:
3493:
3492:
3425:Counseling topics
3359:Pentylenetetrazol
3125:Immuno-psychiatry
3022:
3021:
2831:Condition treated
2746:Military hospital
2689:Teaching hospital
2653:District hospital
2649:Regional hospital
2542:Operating theater
2512:Hospital medicine
2318:978-0-8101-2619-0
2258:978-0-8101-2619-0
2197:Lasker Foundation
1950:978-88-464-5358-7
1923:978-88-464-5358-7
1640:978-963-9241-85-5
1502:10.1136/bmj.b4109
1245:Los Angeles Times
987:Mental health law
885:. These include:
810:total institution
808:coined the term "
800:bourgeois society
702:Ashworth Hospital
483:psychiatric drugs
463:total institution
382:wealthy men from
375:Mercedarian Order
144:
143:
136:
118:
16:(Redirected from
3533:
3483:
3482:
3473:
3344:Imaging genetics
3049:
3042:
3035:
3026:
2807:Private hospital
2771:Women's hospital
2730:Virtual Hospital
2644:General hospital
2595:Cottage hospital
2457:Hospital network
2436:
2429:
2422:
2413:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2122:. Archived from
2095:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2069:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2018:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1970:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1907:
1901:
1890:
1884:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1858:
1851:
1836:The Psychiatrist
1833:
1821:
1815:
1808:
1802:
1796:
1790:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1721:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1695:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1624:
1618:
1617:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1571:
1562:. Archived from
1556:
1550:
1549:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1439:. Anchor Books.
1430:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1407:
1401:
1400:. Tempus: p. 14.
1394:
1388:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1362:
1352:
1346:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1316:. Archived from
1307:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1262:
1254:
1252:
1251:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1219:
1195:
1189:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1152:
1144:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1131:
1122:. Archived from
1116:
1107:
1106:
1096:
1078:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1036:
738:Northern Ireland
395:Bicêtre Hospital
243:, among others.
241:eating disorders
233:bipolar disorder
225:mental disorders
156:
153:
139:
132:
128:
125:
119:
117:
76:
52:
44:
21:
3541:
3540:
3536:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3531:
3530:
3496:
3495:
3494:
3489:
3461:
3457:Psychotherapies
3413:
3394:Psycho-oncology
3354:Neurophysiology
3312:Anti-psychiatry
3285:
3179:
3150:Neuropsychiatry
3105:Eating disorder
3058:
3053:
3023:
3018:
2988:
2892:
2826:
2812:Public hospital
2775:
2761:Prison hospital
2734:
2720:Mobile hospital
2698:
2662:
2621:
2566:
2517:Hospital museum
2497:Emergency codes
2469:
2468:Common hospital
2463:
2446:
2442:Articles about
2440:
2379:Asylum Projects
2365:
2360:
2359:
2349:
2347:
2339:
2338:
2334:
2327:j.ctt22727sf.15
2319:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2289:
2287:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2267:j.ctt22727sf.15
2259:
2243:Kroeger, Brooke
2241:
2240:
2236:
2226:
2224:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2201:
2199:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2175:
2173:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2149:
2147:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2126:
2093:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2052:(11): 664–669.
2037:
2036:
2032:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1983:
1968:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1951:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1924:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1893:Michel Foucault
1891:
1887:
1876:
1872:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1831:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1809:
1805:
1797:
1793:
1785:
1781:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1754:The Irish Times
1747:
1746:
1742:
1733:
1732:
1728:
1719:
1717:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1693:
1691:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1666:
1664:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1641:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1569:
1567:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1466:
1464:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1447:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1417:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1382:
1375:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1337:
1333:
1323:
1321:
1290:(12): 615–617.
1277:
1276:
1272:
1255:
1249:
1247:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1183:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1157:
1150:
1148:"Life Magazine"
1146:
1145:
1138:
1129:
1127:
1120:"Life Magazine"
1118:
1117:
1110:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1023:
957:
890:Julius Chambers
871:
858:anti-psychiatry
839:Franco Basaglia
786:Michel Foucault
758:
746:Channel Islands
690:
662:
642:
626:
597:German language
582:
573:
564:
555:
547:
509:, built in 1902
499:
428:Lunacy Act 1845
420:Nottinghamshire
352:Harun al-Rashid
317:
311:
272:lunatic asylums
249:
180:McLean Hospital
154:
140:
129:
123:
120:
77:
75:
65:
53:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3539:
3537:
3529:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3498:
3497:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3487:
3477:
3466:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3443:
3442:
3432:
3427:
3421:
3419:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3389:Psychoanalysis
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3340:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3304:
3299:
3293:
3291:
3290:Related topics
3287:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3187:
3185:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3177:
3175:Telepsychiatry
3172:
3170:Sleep medicine
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3066:
3064:
3063:Subspecialties
3060:
3059:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3044:
3037:
3029:
3020:
3019:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2900:
2898:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2853:Fever hospital
2850:
2845:
2840:
2834:
2832:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2802:State hospital
2799:
2794:
2789:
2783:
2781:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2756:Field hospital
2753:
2748:
2742:
2740:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2715:Hospital train
2712:
2706:
2704:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2660:
2655:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2629:
2627:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2613:
2607:
2601:
2598:
2592:
2586:
2580:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2473:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2441:
2439:
2438:
2431:
2424:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2393:
2387:
2382:
2376:
2371:
2364:
2363:External links
2361:
2358:
2357:
2332:
2317:
2297:
2272:
2257:
2234:
2209:
2183:
2172:. 4 April 2018
2157:
2132:
2106:(3): 142–149.
2081:
2030:
2009:(5): 401–402.
1989:
1979:(4): 267–274.
1956:
1949:
1929:
1922:
1902:
1885:
1870:
1842:(5): 179–182.
1816:
1803:
1791:
1779:
1760:
1740:
1737:. 3 June 2015.
1726:
1700:
1674:
1646:
1639:
1619:
1576:
1560:"Hospital.com"
1551:
1533:
1515:
1474:
1452:
1445:
1425:
1402:
1389:
1380:
1374:978-1448872282
1373:
1347:
1331:
1270:
1231:
1190:
1181:
1163:
1136:
1108:
1049:
1046:. 1 June 1995.
1044:New York Times
1030:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1021:
1015:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
982:Kirkbride Plan
979:
974:
969:
964:
958:
956:
953:
952:
951:
942:
933:
926:
913:
901:
892:, who visited
870:
867:
806:Erving Goffman
757:
754:
726:State Hospital
689:
686:
666:Home Secretary
661:
658:
641:
638:
625:
624:Halfway houses
622:
581:
578:
572:
571:Juvenile wards
569:
563:
560:
554:
551:
546:
543:
535:United Kingdom
498:
495:
459:Erving Goffman
432:Home Secretary
397:in France and
391:Philippe Pinel
367:Western Europe
315:Lunatic asylum
313:Main article:
310:
307:
279:evidence-based
248:
245:
142:
141:
56:
54:
47:
32:Lunatic asylum
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3538:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3486:
3478:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3467:
3464:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3452:Psychiatrists
3450:
3448:
3445:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3416:
3410:
3409:Psychosurgery
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3288:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3184:Organizations
3182:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3165:Psychotherapy
3163:
3161:
3160:Pain medicine
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3050:
3045:
3043:
3038:
3036:
3031:
3030:
3027:
3017:
3016:South America
3013:
3009:
3008:North America
3005:
3001:
2997:
2991:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2895:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2883:Trauma center
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2863:Lock hospital
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2829:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2737:
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3384:Psychiatrist
3378:
3349:Neuroimaging
2872:
2858:Leper colony
2848:Eye hospital
2674:Day hospital
2537:On-call room
2348:. Retrieved
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66:Please help
61:verification
58:
2635:(Australia)
2616:Xenodochium
2522:Hospitalist
742:Isle of Man
672:Run by the
610:West London
567:effective.
562:Medium term
519:Art Nouveau
467:social role
344:Middle East
340:bimaristans
203:Anne Sexton
201:, and poet
197:, musician
188:New England
155: 1893
124:August 2023
3500:Categories
3056:Psychiatry
2589:Bimaristan
2583:Asclepeion
2532:Nocturnist
2470:components
1720:2023-01-15
1694:2023-01-15
1570:2009-11-07
1467:8 November
1250:2024-08-28
1210:(2): 141.
1130:2011-01-18
1026:References
904:Nellie Bly
877:and other
822:orphanages
744:, and the
724:, and the
714:Crowthorne
706:Merseyside
589:Narrenturm
553:Open units
359:bimaristan
336:psychiatry
94:newspapers
39:Funny Farm
3145:Narcology
2597:(England)
2591:(Islamic)
2578:Almshouse
2444:hospitals
1510:220087437
1496:: b4109.
1324:26 August
1226:0971-9962
1085:1549-1676
796:bourgeois
756:Criticism
730:Carstairs
529:, Finland
507:Lithuania
436:physician
265:treatment
171:, Finland
3521:Penology
2585:(Greece)
2557:Pharmacy
2552:Patients
2120:10086470
2025:16648523
1981:Archived
1863:27 April
1854:Archived
1827:(2011).
1667:22 March
1614:26503203
1606:19698512
1546:Medscape
1314:17139063
1259:cite web
1155:Archived
1103:30335757
955:See also
917:Kankakee
875:Rosenhan
734:Scotland
444:alienism
384:Valencia
253:patients
247:Overview
212:hospital
3485:Outline
3012:Oceania
2822:Defunct
2780:Funding
2610:Vaishya
2606:(Roman)
2547:Orderly
2350:18 July
2290:18 July
2227:18 July
2202:18 July
2176:18 July
2150:18 July
2076:3795212
2067:1290535
1418:2 March
1305:1676324
1094:6193619
827:Asylums
818:prisons
781:Hungary
722:Retford
654:Belarus
348:Baghdad
309:History
219:, or a
108:scholar
3475:Portal
3004:Europe
2996:Africa
2838:Cancer
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416:county
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3418:Lists
2562:Wards
2323:JSTOR
2263:JSTOR
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1610:S2CID
1506:S2CID
1158:(PDF)
1151:(PDF)
736:. In
650:China
525:, in
497:Types
371:Spain
303:Japan
299:India
169:Niuva
115:JSTOR
101:books
3000:Asia
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