41:
191:
2355:
5609:
30:
207:
2133:
127:
187:, came to the conclusion that, in order to secure the double purpose of being able to be independent from foreign supplies for three years and a reasonable insurance against a timber famine, the woods of Great Britain should be gradually increased from three million acres to four and three quarter millions at the end of the war". After the Acland Report of 1918, the Forestry Commission was formed in 1919 to meet this need. State forest parks were established in 1935.
5637:
203:
the annual rate of planting exceeded 40,000 hectares (99,000 acres) per annum. Most of this planting comprised fast-growing conifers. Later in the century the balance shifted, with fewer than 20,000 hectares (49,000 acres) per annum being planted during the 1990s, but broadleaf planting actually increased, exceeding 1,000 hectares (2,500 acres) per year in 1987. By the mid-1990s, more than half of new planting was broadleaf.
7015:
5677:
4604:
5595:
5687:
5665:
4316:
5623:
5581:
7025:
5651:
2477:
to take a complete census of ownership (the
Domesday Book in 1086 and a census in 1873) but both contain significant omissions and are extremely dated besides; and much of the forested land is on long-established estates where ownership is not recorded on any register that can be examined. Often-quoted figures for
3581:, Arbtech. "Income from timber sales is tax-free; increases in the value of timber as it grows are free from capital gains tax, though the value of the land itself isn't; and woodland is 100% exempt from inheritance tax, both the value of the trees and the land, if you've owned it for more than two years."
2476:
In fact, this is not easy to establish. There is no complete register of who owns land in the United
Kingdom. HM Land Registry records purchases by way of conveyance, but where land has not changed hands since the Land Registry was established in 1862, no records exist. Two attempts have been made
2345:
Tree breeding programmes, to ensure the best seed, are hampered by the trees' long life-cycles. However, particularly since the 1950s, the
Forestry Commission among other organisations has been running a programme of breeding, propagation, induced flowering and controlled pollination with the aim of
2296:
In
November 2023, a study conducted by 42 researchers, with 1,200 experts consulted, warned that UK forests are heading for "catastrophic ecosystem collapse" within the next 50 years due to multiple threats including disease, extreme weather and wildfires. The study suggested action plans to save the
2362:
Currently, the vast majority of
Britain's timber uses road haulage. As forests are located in rural areas, the heavy timber vehicles have severely damaged many single lane tracks, especially in the Highlands. In order to combat this, companies are being forced to provide funding for repairs, as well
258:
In
October 2010, the new coalition government of the UK suggested it might sell off around half the Forestry Commission-owned woodland in the UK. A wide variety of groups were vocal about their disapproval, and by February 2011, the government abandoned the idea. Instead, it set up the Independent
117:
The UK's industry and populace uses at least 50 million tonnes of timber a year. More than 75% of this is softwood, and
British forests cannot supply the demand; in fact, less than 10% of the timber used in Britain is home-grown. Paper and paper products make up more than half the wood consumed in
2341:
Successful forestry requires healthy, well-formed trees that are resistant to diseases and parasites. The best wood has a straight, circular stem without a spiral grain or fluting, and small, evenly spaced branches. The chances of achieving these are maximised by planting good-quality seed in the
2308:
In 2022, the UK produced 3,145,000 cubic metres of sawn wood, 3,466,000 cubic metres of wood-based panels and 3,462,000 tonnes of paper and paperboard. The UK does not produce enough timber to satisfy domestic demand, and the country imports 80% of its timber and paper from abroad, as the world's
285:
Ancient woodland is defined as any woodland that has been continuously forested since 1600. It is recorded on either the
Register of Ancient Semi-Natural Woodland or the Register of Planted Woodland Sites. There is no woodland in Britain that has not been profoundly affected by human intervention.
202:
Emergency felling controls had been brought in during the World Wars, and these were made permanent in the
Forestry Act 1951. Landowners were also given financial incentives to devote land to forests under the Dedication Scheme, which in 1981 became the Forestry Grant Scheme. By the early 1970s,
109:
Of the 31,380 square kilometres (12,120 sq mi) of forest in
Britain, around 30% is publicly owned and 70% is in the private sector. More than 40,000 people work on this land. Conifers account for around one half (51%) of the UK woodland area, although this proportion varies from around
182:
and far north of the mainland. Furthermore, fire, human clearance, and grazing probably limited forest cover to about 50% of the land area of Scotland even at its peak. The stock of woodland declined sharply during the First World War and "a Forestry Subcommittee was added to the Reconstruction
215:
In 1988, the Woodland Grant Scheme replaced the Forestry Grant Scheme, paying nearly twice as much for broadleaf woodland as conifers. (In England, the Woodland Grant Scheme was subsequently replaced by the English Woodland Grant Scheme, which operates six separate kinds of grant for forestry
210:
Historical woodland cover of England. The Domesday Book of 1086 indicated cover of 15%, "but significant loss of woodland started over four thousand years ago in prehistory". By the beginning of the 20th century this had dropped to 5%. The government believes 12% can be reached again by
2309:
second largest timber importer after China. Most sawn softwood imports come from the Baltic, in particular Sweden (42%), Latvia (16%) and Finland (14%). Most of the domestically produced construction timber is spruce graded to the strength class C16.
6027:
3434:
3419:
2391:
The price of woodland has risen out of proportion to its timber yield, and in 2022 reached £28,000 per hectare (£11,000 per acre). Woodland prices are affected by its very favourable tax treatment and its high amenity value.
3532:
228:, which celebrated the planting of its seven millionth tree in 2006. As a result of these initiatives, the stock of forested land is increasing, though the rate of increase has slowed since the turn of the millennium.
6526:
2411:
6032:
2467:
is the name of the largest of those islands. In this article "Great Britain" is sometimes abbreviated to "Britain". The adjective "British" can mean either the political or the geographical entity.
286:
Apart from certain native pinewoods in Scotland, it is predominantly broadleaf. Such woodland is less productive, in terms of timber yield, but ecologically rich, typically containing a number of "
5224:
83:. Nowadays, about 13% of Britain's land surface is wooded. European countries average 39%, but this varies widely from 1% (Malta) to 66% (Finland). As of 2021, government plans call for 30,000
6955:
6180:
3445:
5776:
2330:
91:
each year. Efforts to reach these targets have attracted criticism for planting non-native trees, or trees that are out of place for their surroundings, leading to ecological changes.
6985:
6796:
5751:
5723:
3543:
6039:
4995:
7056:
6917:
40:
3311:
231:
Woodland creation is still an important role of the Forestry Commission. It still works closely with government to achieve afforestation, championing initiatives such as
2679:
6897:
190:
298:
Britain is relatively impoverished in terms of native species. For example, only thirty-one species of deciduous tree and shrub are native to Scotland, including ten
3250:
6868:
2297:
forests including increasing the diversity of tree species, planting trees of different ages, promoting natural regeneration, managing deer populations and more.
216:
projects.) That year, the Farm Woodlands Scheme was also introduced, and replaced by the Farm Woodland Premium Scheme in 1992. Also in the 1990s, a programme of
3471:
2764:
6843:
4579:
4202:
2934:
6880:
6773:
5034:
6863:
5716:
4388:
2961:
63:, is ideal for tree growth, thanks to its mild winters, plentiful rainfall, fertile soil and hill-sheltered topography. In the absence of people, much of
6560:
5806:
4703:
4245:
2231:
cause. Beetles, moths and weevils can also damage trees, but the majority do not cause serious harm. Notable exceptions include the Large Pine Weevil (
314:. This is a list of tree species that existed in Britain before 1900. The sheer number of tree species planted subsequently precludes a complete list.
6838:
6708:
6330:
6890:
6833:
6661:
6150:
6070:
6055:
4280:
7051:
6012:
6007:
5858:
4584:
3567:
7028:
7018:
6570:
6565:
6555:
6540:
6475:
5972:
5907:
5709:
4559:
3820:
2354:
6927:
6922:
6848:
6123:
3760:
3663:
2401:
6823:
6740:
2899:
2290:
184:
110:
one quarter (26%) in England to around three quarters (74%) in Scotland. Britain's native tree flora comprises 32 species, of which 29 are
102:
World Wars, when imports were difficult, and the forested area bottomed out at under 5% of Britain's land surface in 1919. That year, the
6912:
6828:
6681:
4564:
4544:
6858:
6509:
6497:
6453:
5967:
4696:
4654:
4250:
4240:
3876:
3079:
6970:
6873:
6818:
6597:
6580:
6550:
6315:
6165:
5828:
5823:
4928:
4908:
4195:
3783:
3737:
3709:
3686:
3635:
3612:
2692:
5585:
6806:
6585:
5865:
4682:
4223:
6960:
6907:
6768:
6713:
6545:
6448:
5927:
5875:
5801:
5000:
4549:
183:
Committee to advise on policy when the war was over. The Subcommittee, better known as the Acland Committee after its chairman
2698:
2481:
come from the Forestry Commission, National Inventory of Woodland and Trees (1998), which claims the breakdown is as follows:
6980:
6885:
6791:
6492:
6480:
6401:
5887:
4614:
2416:
6902:
6811:
6750:
6676:
6463:
6443:
6222:
5746:
5732:
5073:
4350:
206:
3946:
2489:
Forestry Commission 21.8% Other central government: 2.7% Local authority 6% Charity 6.7% Forestry or timber business 0.7%
6965:
6786:
6649:
6627:
6607:
6536:
6458:
6335:
6325:
6320:
5992:
5957:
5813:
4608:
4589:
4503:
4188:
2784:
2152:
Most serious disease threats to British woodland involve fungus. For conifers, the greatest threat is white rot fungus (
221:
6801:
6781:
6622:
6485:
6267:
6170:
5880:
5853:
5833:
4883:
4689:
4428:
4272:
4235:
3482:
2406:
2317:
Forestry is a devolved matter in the UK, administered by separate agencies in each nation. They are: in England, the
267:. This body published its report in July 2012. Among other suggestions, it recommended that the forested portion of
2862:
3896:
3054:
7000:
6686:
6612:
5818:
5397:
5039:
4990:
4675:
4619:
4441:
4144:
3921:
3813:
3752:
3397:
248:
29:
6632:
6470:
6406:
6396:
6391:
6002:
5360:
5180:
5049:
4710:
4360:
4159:
4111:
4008:
4003:
3131:
2965:
2498:
This source includes the following shrubs and small trees that do not appear in Hart 1994 or Sterry Press 1995:
5499:
5185:
4793:
4758:
4116:
3968:
2987:
2907:
2651:
1270:
997:
225:
5897:
4121:
4068:
6305:
5892:
5843:
5328:
5219:
5115:
5110:
4539:
4523:
4228:
4038:
3998:
3978:
3958:
3861:
3282:
2426:
2326:
1669:
1334:
240:
151:
131:
4149:
3973:
142:
climate changed the ranges of many species. This makes it complex to estimate the likely extent of natural
6990:
5105:
5100:
4968:
4647:
4368:
4169:
4154:
4101:
4053:
4048:
3881:
3775:
2610:
2198:
2154:
2138:
1186:
1060:
4078:
3988:
3941:
3936:
3901:
3886:
3871:
3866:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3385:
2182:
6745:
6735:
6502:
6350:
6217:
6195:
6128:
5932:
5838:
5613:
5599:
5270:
4511:
4403:
4330:
4164:
4013:
3993:
3963:
3931:
3916:
3891:
3806:
2622:
All the information in the table that follows is adapted from Hart 1994, pp. 12–13 and Sterry Press 1995
2249:
1796:
848:
5942:
4139:
3983:
3953:
2132:
126:
6725:
6718:
6373:
6310:
6282:
6257:
6252:
6227:
6185:
5987:
5937:
5766:
5489:
5229:
5170:
5140:
5010:
4798:
4574:
4554:
4516:
4486:
4398:
4378:
4290:
4023:
2598:
2548:
2431:
2421:
2213:
1606:
1417:
616:
260:
236:
6345:
6300:
6292:
6237:
6145:
6080:
5771:
5690:
5061:
5005:
4878:
4846:
4461:
4436:
4028:
3926:
3911:
3906:
3701:
3655:
3197:
3135:
2878:
2455:
The United Kingdom (sometimes abbreviated to UK) is a political unit (specifically a country), the
2318:
1880:
1522:
1375:
679:
490:
264:
103:
3162:
3014:
6421:
6411:
6378:
6277:
6247:
6140:
6115:
6075:
5641:
5160:
5155:
4985:
4948:
4903:
4856:
4763:
4753:
4471:
4456:
4446:
4413:
4373:
4345:
4335:
4305:
4106:
4073:
4063:
4043:
4033:
4018:
3368:
3105:
2560:
2542:
2177:
1922:
1817:
1396:
1249:
1081:
658:
574:
553:
343:
232:
159:
111:
3646:
3604:
3420:"The first 50 years of tree breeding in Britain - the beginnings of tree improvement in Britain"
2911:
2363:
as using alternative transport systems such as rail and coastal shipping. Despite the number of
2187:
6190:
6160:
5680:
5441:
4963:
4943:
4933:
4918:
4823:
4640:
4491:
4476:
4466:
4451:
4418:
4408:
4393:
4383:
4340:
4300:
4295:
4058:
3779:
3756:
3733:
3705:
3682:
3678:
3659:
3631:
3608:
3360:
3258:
3087:
2688:
2681:
Forestry Facts and Figures 2014: A Summary of Statistics about Woodland and Forestry in the UK
2604:
2371:, rail's share of timber transport has risen from 3% in 2002 with the opening of new lines in
2322:
2224:
2204:
2192:
2159:
2048:
1838:
287:
252:
244:
3533:"Crianlarich timber railhead: feasibility study Final Report to Forestry Commission Scotland"
6975:
6416:
6365:
6175:
6155:
5636:
5556:
5541:
5303:
5260:
5207:
5095:
4953:
4938:
4913:
4285:
3350:
2587:
2566:
2554:
2233:
2172:
1733:
1648:
1627:
1480:
1165:
1102:
869:
763:
385:
280:
80:
6671:
6592:
6090:
5997:
5962:
5952:
5922:
5796:
5566:
5424:
5409:
5265:
5212:
5195:
4898:
4866:
4836:
4788:
4773:
4748:
4255:
3117:
2939:
2769:
2751:
2592:
2578:
2239:
2218:
2167:
1859:
1691:
1228:
1123:
637:
448:
427:
364:
6698:
6242:
5982:
5870:
5761:
5756:
5627:
5551:
5546:
5479:
5387:
5375:
5340:
5298:
5246:
5241:
5165:
5083:
4975:
4818:
4808:
3597:
2572:
2536:
2506:
2364:
2278:
2274:
2146:
1901:
1712:
1354:
1291:
955:
827:
179:
175:
56:
7045:
6575:
6355:
6133:
6085:
6065:
5977:
5655:
5561:
5521:
5474:
5313:
5285:
5150:
5088:
5027:
5022:
4831:
4783:
3627:
3372:
2518:
2464:
2456:
2368:
2333:(DAERA). Each of these agencies is tasked with delivering the UK Forestry Standard.
2090:
1943:
1754:
1585:
1543:
1459:
1438:
1312:
1207:
976:
934:
721:
595:
532:
511:
217:
88:
64:
60:
33:
3578:
138:
For most of British history, people cleared forest to make farmland. Changes in the
44:
Electricity wires cut through the forest at Coed Plas-y-Nant (Clwydian Range AONB),
6693:
6340:
6212:
5669:
5504:
5200:
5190:
5175:
5145:
5068:
5044:
4958:
4923:
4888:
4803:
4778:
4734:
4260:
2530:
2524:
2069:
2027:
1964:
1144:
1039:
1018:
784:
469:
143:
99:
3355:
3338:
3189:
2863:
http://www.defra.gov.uk/publications/2013/01/31/pb13871-forestry-policy-statement/
17:
6384:
6232:
6207:
6200:
6021:
5848:
5701:
5536:
5516:
5509:
5469:
5436:
5017:
4768:
2512:
2500:
2006:
1775:
1564:
1501:
890:
742:
406:
95:
4315:
2765:"Row over UK tree-planting drive: 'We want the right trees in the right place'"
2293:. In 2021, winter storms destroyed about 12,000 hectares of forest in Britain.
6060:
5531:
5526:
5252:
4873:
2380:
1985:
912:
805:
700:
174:/oak assemblages in the north-east and south-west Highlands, and birch in the
155:
3364:
3262:
3251:"UK forests face catastrophic ecosystem collapse within 50 years, study says"
3091:
2988:"Forestry Commission Scotland and Forest Enterprise Scotland no longer exist"
5947:
5414:
5392:
5293:
5235:
5135:
4980:
4851:
4717:
2282:
2217:(responsible for "Sudden oak death" in the USA) has killed large numbers of
303:
5664:
2149:
assessed that only 7% of the UK's native woodlands are in good condition.
290:" of indigenous wildlife. It comprises roughly 20% of the forested area.
6703:
5494:
5464:
5459:
5419:
5365:
5355:
5275:
4663:
4569:
4211:
3337:
Ridley-Ellis, Dan; Gil-Moreno, David; Harte, Annette M. (19 March 2022).
3167:
2825:
see e.g. The Brecon & Radnor Express June 13, 1918 for local concerns
2655:
2459:
is a geographical unit (the archipelago lying off the northwest coast of
2376:
2286:
2270:
2266:
2258:
2228:
2209:
147:
139:
76:
72:
3078:
Carrington, Damian; editor, Damian Carrington Environment (2021-04-14).
239:. Originally, the commission operated across Great Britain, but in 2013
150:
four main areas have been identified: oak dominated forest south of the
6995:
5650:
5484:
5380:
5350:
5345:
5333:
5323:
5308:
4861:
3506:
2478:
268:
84:
4180:
3444:. EAST AYRSHIRE COUNCIL DEVELOPMENT SERVICES COMMITTEE. Archived from
3139:
2900:"Surprise, surprise! It's the National Forest's seven millionth tree!"
6017:
5318:
5056:
4893:
4841:
4740:
3798:
2460:
2412:
List of renewable resources produced and traded by the United Kingdom
2254:
2244:
311:
299:
45:
3435:"EXTRAORDINARY DAMAGE TO THE ROAD NETWORK CAUSED BY TIMBER VEHICLES"
2991:
6730:
6602:
5370:
2935:"'Worrying' slump in tree planting prompts fears of deforestation"
2874:
2834:
Jan Willem Oesthook, The Logic of British Forest Policy, 1919-1970
2785:"Forestry Statistics 2019, Chapter 1 - Woodland area and planting"
2372:
2353:
2131:
2121:
better managed woods and forests that are protected and improving
881:
May have been the first tree to grow in Britain after the ice age
307:
205:
189:
171:
163:
125:
49:
39:
28:
2861:
Government Forestry and Woodlands Policy Statement, January 2013.
5429:
5404:
5078:
2262:
167:
5705:
4636:
4184:
3802:
75:-type of plains, except for Scotland. Although conditions for
68:
3749:
A History of the Native Woodlands of Scotland 1500–1920
2124:
bigger benefits for nature, climate, people and the economy”
2253:) which eats young tree roots and can kill in a dry season.
4632:
3080:"UK's native woodlands reaching crisis point, report warns"
2273:, and farm animals can pose a significant threat to trees.
1513:
Supplanted as most common forestry species by Sitka spruce
106:
was established to produce a strategic reserve of timber.
3339:"Strength grading of timber in the UK and Ireland in 2021"
2346:
producing healthy, disease-resistant, fast-growing stock.
2237:), which can kill young conifers, the Spruce Bark Beetle (
2118:“more trees, more diverse species, growing & thriving
2485:
Personal: 47.1% Business (including pension funds) 14.3%
3388:, 5th Edition, published 2023, retrieved 4 February 2024
2843:
Tivy, Joy "The Bio-climate" in Clapperton 1983, pp 90–91
2331:
Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs
271:
should rise to 15% of the country's land area by 2060.
2162:
arises from two related species of fungi in the genus
6944:
6761:
6660:
6525:
6518:
6434:
6364:
6291:
6266:
6114:
6103:
6048:
5915:
5906:
5785:
5739:
5452:
5284:
5126:
4817:
4727:
4532:
4502:
4427:
4359:
4323:
4271:
4130:
4092:
3834:
3772:
A Photographic Guide to Trees of Britain and Europe
3747:Smout, T. C.; MacDonald, R.; Watson, Fiona (2007).
3400:, gov.uk, published 2024, retrieved 4 February 2024
2990:. Scottish Government. 4 April 2019. Archived from
2608:although not the very rare and recently discovered
3596:
94:The UK's supply of timber was depleted during the
6709:Glasgow International Financial Services District
2202:, and most trees are vulnerable to Honey Fungus (
255:) were established in Scotland on 1 April 2019.
1009:Found in botanical gardens and private estates
2115:The Forestry Commission states their aims as:
5717:
4648:
4196:
3814:
3675:Practical Forestry for the Agent and Surveyor
3513:. North Wales Coast Railway. 11 February 2013
8:
3481:. The Timber Transport Forum. Archived from
2583:
7057:Forests and woodlands of the United Kingdom
3472:"MORE TIMBER BY RAIL – A CASE FROM FINLAND"
3470:Högnäs, Tore; Spaven, David (23 Aug 2002).
6522:
6111:
5912:
5724:
5710:
5702:
4655:
4641:
4633:
4203:
4189:
4181:
3821:
3807:
3799:
2962:"Welsh Government-Natural Resources Wales"
2803:
2801:
318:
3354:
2729:
2727:
2358:A timber train at Greenholme, near Kendal
3723:(2nd ed.). Oxford: Basil Blackwood.
3055:"Forestry Commission Strategy 2023-2028"
6018:2020 Withdrawal from the European Union
5958:Second Industrial Revolution 1860s–1914
2652:"39% of the EU is covered with forests"
2634:
2448:
903:Despite the name, not a native species
333:
194:Detail of a certificate awarded by the
3113:
3103:
3244:
3242:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2402:List of forests in the United Kingdom
7:
7024:
6741:London Platinum and Palladium Market
3732:(3rd ed.). Packard Publishing.
3728:Nix; Hill; Williams; Bough (1999) .
2674:
2672:
5580:
3343:International Wood Products Journal
3283:"Forestry Facts & Figures 2023"
3163:"Oak disease 'threatens landscape'"
2687:. Forestry Commission. 2014-01-01.
2342:best possible growing environment.
2910:. 24 November 2006. Archived from
79:are good, trees face threats from
25:
6971:Confederation of British Industry
6166:Expansion plans for Milton Keynes
5829:Department for Business and Trade
5824:Competition and Markets Authority
4929:Global Forest Information Service
7023:
7014:
7013:
5866:Office for Budget Responsibility
5685:
5676:
5675:
5663:
5649:
5635:
5621:
5607:
5593:
5579:
4603:
4602:
4314:
3595:Clapperton, Chalmers M. (1983).
3433:Choreley, Stephen (6 Jun 2000).
294:Native and historic tree species
5802:Governor of the Bank of England
5686:
3648:Forestry Facts and Figures 2009
3479:www.timbertransportforum.org.uk
2875:"English Woodland Grant Scheme"
2329:; and in Northern Ireland, the
7052:Forestry in the United Kingdom
6981:Federation of Small Businesses
3770:Sterry, P.; Press, B. (1995).
3542:. January 2012. Archived from
3190:"Dutch elm disease in Britain"
3161:Kinver, Mark (28 April 2010).
2964:. 9 April 2013. Archived from
2417:English Lowlands beech forests
2379:, Scotland and South Wales by
1:
6751:Alternative Investment Market
6731:London Interbank Offered Rate
6687:List of UK building societies
5733:Economy of the United Kingdom
3356:10.1080/20426445.2022.2050549
3249:Weston, Phoebe (2023-11-08).
2933:Milmo, Cahal (11 June 2010).
1745:Most common forestry species
243:took over responsibility for
67:would be covered with mature
6966:British Chambers of Commerce
6961:British Bankers' Association
3645:Forestry Commission (2009).
3540:timbertransportforum.org.uk/
2754:, 28 July 2012, pages 56-57.
2748:Rural Focus: Forestry Policy
1555:Also called the English Oak
220:led to the establishment of
5854:Chancellor of the Exchequer
5834:Financial Conduct Authority
3015:"What is Ancient Woodland?"
2407:List of Great British Trees
196:Home-Grown Timber Committee
7073:
7001:UK Payments Administration
5953:New Imperialism 1830s–1945
5777:Government-owned companies
5040:Growth and yield modelling
3753:Edinburgh University Press
3730:Land and Estate Management
3579:A Guide to Buying Woodland
278:
249:Forestry and Land Scotland
81:fungi, parasites and pests
7009:
6076:National champions policy
6071:Recessions and recoveries
5988:1979 Winter of Discontent
5923:1659–1849 Navigation Acts
5898:UK Trade & Investment
5807:Monetary Policy Committee
5614:Earth sciences portal
5600:Climate change portal
5575:
5181:Great Green Wall (Africa)
4670:
4598:
4312:
4246:Universities and colleges
4219:
3719:James, N. D. G. (1966) .
3312:"MOrigin of wood imports"
3290:www.forestresearch.gov.uk
2558:(Whortle-leaved willow),
259:Panel on Forestry led by
247:, whilst two new bodies (
6013:2009 bank rescue package
6008:2008 bank rescue package
5973:1929–39 Great Depression
5844:HM Revenue & Customs
5752:Employee-owned companies
5186:Great Green Wall (China)
4759:Close to nature forestry
4281:Central African Republic
3721:The Forester's Companion
3398:The UK Forestry Standard
3386:The UK Forestry Standard
1271:Chamaecyparis lawsoniana
998:Sequoiadendron giganteum
6181:List of counties by GVA
5963:1873–79 Long Depression
5928:Agricultural Revolution
5893:UK Statistics Authority
5220:Million Tree Initiative
3696:Hibberd, B. G. (1991).
3511:Railfan's Traffic Guide
3044:Smout et al. 2007, p.2.
2427:Natural Forest Standard
2327:Natural Resources Wales
860:Tallest tree in the UK
241:Natural Resources Wales
134:in the Second World War
6991:Institute of Directors
6956:Business organisations
6881:Science and technology
6774:International students
6486:Working Time Directive
5859:Debt Management Office
5642:Environment portal
5074:Sustainable management
4969:Trillion Tree Campaign
3877:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3776:New Holland Publishers
3132:"Phytophthora ramorum"
3013:Angus (27 June 2008).
2852:Nix et al. 1999, p. 95
2807:Nix et al. 1999, p. 94
2733:Nix et al. 1999, p. 93
2611:Sorbus pseudomeinichii
2359:
2247:, and the Cockchafer (
2199:Pseudomonas savastanoi
2155:Heterobasidion annosum
2142:
2139:Heterobasidion annosum
1187:Aesculus hippocastanum
212:
199:
135:
52:
37:
6986:Industry trade groups
6746:London Stock Exchange
6736:London Metal Exchange
6503:Trades Union Congress
6196:East London Tech City
6040:Cost-of-living crisis
5978:1948–52 Marshall Plan
5933:Industrial Revolution
5567:Wood process engineer
5271:Urban forest inequity
3599:Scotland: A New Study
3316:forestresearch.gov.uk
3194:forestresearch.gov.uk
2721:Nix et al. 1999, p. 2
2367:plummeting after the
2357:
2291:environmental hazards
2250:Melolontha melolontha
2145:In 2021, a report by
2135:
1797:Nothofagus antarctica
849:Pseudotsuga menziesii
209:
193:
129:
43:
32:
6780:Entertainment &
6003:Late-2000s recession
5998:1992 Black Wednesday
5938:Financial Revolution
5767:FTSE Fledgling Index
5230:Shifting cultivation
5171:Forest fragmentation
5141:Carbon sequestration
5011:Woodland Carbon Code
4976:Forest certification
4884:Even-aged management
4799:Sustainable forestry
3622:Fitter, A. (2002) .
3442:east-ayrshire.gov.uk
2599:Sorbus pseudofennica
2432:Forestry in Scotland
2422:Woodland Carbon Code
2214:Phytophthora ramorum
1670:Populus × canadensis
1418:Cupressus macrocarpa
1335:Platanus × hispanica
1014:Goat willow (Sallow)
617:Sequoia sempervirens
237:Woodland Carbon Code
132:Women's Timber Corps
6476:Equal opportunities
6081:Economic liberalism
5983:1974 Three-Day Week
5968:1926 general strike
5772:FTSE SmallCap Index
5035:Formally designated
4879:Ecological thinning
4789:Plantation forestry
4697:Research institutes
4241:Research institutes
4093:States with limited
3702:Forestry Commission
3656:Forestry Commission
3605:David & Charles
3227:James 1966, p. 142.
3198:Forestry Commission
3136:Forestry Commission
2914:on 13 February 2008
2879:Forestry Commission
2773:. 23 February 2021.
2552:(Mountain willow),
2319:Forestry Commission
2289:represent the main
2183:Bulgaria polymorpha
1881:Acer pseudoplatanus
1523:Platanus orientalis
1376:Crataegus laevigata
1061:Populus × canescens
491:Populus trichocarpa
265:Bishop of Liverpool
185:Sir A. H. D. Acland
118:Britain by volume.
104:Forestry Commission
6891:Telecommunications
6056:Economic geography
5628:Ecology portal
5161:Forest degradation
5156:Ecosystem services
4764:Community forestry
3829:Forestry in Europe
3451:on 22 January 2020
3236:James 1966, p. 158
3200:. 24 November 2006
3116:has generic name (
2596:(Rock Whitebeam),
2561:Salix myrsinifolia
2543:Salix phylicifolia
2360:
2178:Beech bark disease
2170:. Another fungus,
2143:
2136:White Rot Fungus,
2023:Wild cherry (Gean)
1923:Tsuga heterophylla
1818:Taxodium distichum
1397:Araucaria araucana
1250:Tilia platyphyllos
1082:Crataegus monogyna
801:Cricket-bat willow
659:Juniperus communis
575:Abies nordmanniana
554:Buxus sempervirens
344:Fraxinus excelsior
261:Rt Rev James Jones
233:The Big Tree Plant
213:
200:
146:. For example, in
136:
53:
38:
18:Forestry in the UK
7037:
7036:
6940:
6939:
6719:Lloyd's of London
6430:
6429:
6402:Industrialisation
6316:Industrialisation
6099:
6098:
6028:COVID-19 pandemic
5948:1815–46 Corn Laws
5699:
5698:
5656:Plants portal
5442:green woodworking
4630:
4629:
4251:Technical schools
4178:
4177:
3762:978-0-7486-3294-7
3700:(11th ed.).
3698:Forestry Practice
3679:Sutton Publishing
3673:Hart, C (1994) .
3665:978-0-85538-790-7
3603:. Newton Abbott:
3318:. Forest Research
3292:. Forest Research
3218:Hart 1994, p. 230
3142:on 1 January 2015
3035:Hart 1994, p. 146
3017:. woodlands.co.uk
2605:Sorbus arranensis
2584:Smout et al. 2007
2323:Scottish Forestry
2243:) which can kill
2225:Acute oak decline
2221:trees in the UK.
2205:Armillaria mellea
2193:Nectria galligena
2160:Dutch elm disease
2106:
2105:
2049:Sorbus torminalis
2044:Wild service tree
1839:Sorbus intermedia
1834:Swedish whitebeam
1771:Smooth-leaved elm
1750:Small-leaved lime
1607:Populus × robusta
1245:Large-leaved lime
696:Common silver fir
288:indicator species
253:Scottish Forestry
245:Forestry in Wales
222:Community Forests
160:Central Highlands
16:(Redirected from
7064:
7027:
7026:
7017:
7016:
6976:Co-operatives UK
6566:Hydroelectricity
6541:Renewable energy
6523:
6407:Renewable energy
6388:
6336:Renewable energy
6124:Atlantic Gateway
6112:
5943:Panic of 1796–97
5913:
5726:
5719:
5712:
5703:
5689:
5688:
5679:
5678:
5670:Trees portal
5668:
5667:
5654:
5653:
5640:
5639:
5626:
5625:
5624:
5612:
5611:
5610:
5598:
5597:
5596:
5583:
5582:
5304:Forest gardening
5261:Timber recycling
5208:Invasive species
5096:Tree measurement
4657:
4650:
4643:
4634:
4606:
4605:
4565:Papua New Guinea
4533:Central agencies
4318:
4205:
4198:
4191:
4182:
4131:Dependencies and
3835:Sovereign states
3823:
3816:
3809:
3800:
3789:
3766:
3743:
3724:
3715:
3692:
3669:
3653:
3641:
3618:
3602:
3582:
3576:
3570:
3565:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3548:
3537:
3529:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3518:
3503:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3487:
3476:
3467:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3456:
3450:
3439:
3430:
3424:
3423:
3416:
3410:
3409:Hart 1994, p. 57
3407:
3401:
3395:
3389:
3383:
3377:
3376:
3358:
3334:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3308:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3287:
3279:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3246:
3237:
3234:
3228:
3225:
3219:
3216:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3186:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3175:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3138:. Archived from
3128:
3122:
3121:
3115:
3111:
3109:
3101:
3099:
3098:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3051:
3045:
3042:
3036:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3010:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2994:on 12 March 2020
2984:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2958:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2947:
2930:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2885:
2871:
2865:
2859:
2853:
2850:
2844:
2841:
2835:
2832:
2826:
2823:
2817:
2814:
2808:
2805:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2761:
2755:
2745:
2734:
2731:
2722:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2709:
2703:
2697:. Archived from
2686:
2676:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2648:
2642:
2639:
2623:
2620:
2614:
2588:Arran Whitebeams
2567:Salix reticulata
2555:Salix myrsinites
2540:(Downy willow),
2496:
2490:
2474:
2468:
2453:
2234:Hylobius abietis
2173:Nectria coccinea
2168:elm bark beetles
1939:Western redcedar
1734:Picea sitchensis
1649:Pinus sylvestris
1628:Sorbus aucuparia
1481:Acer platanoides
1413:Monterey cypress
1371:Midland hawthorn
1266:Lawson's cypress
1166:Carpinus betulus
1103:Corylus avellana
870:Betula pubescens
764:Malus sylvestris
680:Tilia × europaea
591:Cedar of Lebanon
486:Black cottonwood
386:Cedrus atlantica
319:
281:Ancient woodland
275:Ancient woodland
198:, September 1916
130:A member of the
21:
7072:
7071:
7067:
7066:
7065:
7063:
7062:
7061:
7042:
7041:
7038:
7033:
7005:
6948:
6946:
6936:
6844:Pharmaceuticals
6757:
6672:Baltic Exchange
6663:
6656:
6528:
6514:
6436:
6426:
6382:
6360:
6287:
6269:
6262:
6107:
6105:
6095:
6091:Nationalisation
6044:
5902:
5797:Bank of England
5789:
5787:
5781:
5735:
5730:
5700:
5695:
5662:
5648:
5634:
5622:
5620:
5608:
5606:
5594:
5592:
5571:
5448:
5425:spruce-pine-fir
5398:Christmas trees
5280:
5196:Illegal logging
5128:
5122:
4837:Controlled burn
4822:
4813:
4794:Social forestry
4774:Energy forestry
4754:Bamboo forestry
4749:Analog forestry
4723:
4666:
4661:
4631:
4626:
4594:
4528:
4498:
4423:
4355:
4319:
4310:
4267:
4256:Illegal logging
4215:
4209:
4179:
4174:
4132:
4126:
4112:Northern Cyprus
4094:
4088:
4009:North Macedonia
3830:
3827:
3797:
3792:
3786:
3769:
3763:
3746:
3740:
3727:
3718:
3712:
3695:
3689:
3672:
3666:
3651:
3644:
3638:
3621:
3615:
3594:
3585:
3577:
3573:
3568:Farmer's Weekly
3566:
3562:
3552:
3550:
3549:on 23 July 2015
3546:
3535:
3531:
3530:
3526:
3516:
3514:
3505:
3504:
3500:
3491:
3489:
3488:on 3 April 2019
3485:
3474:
3469:
3468:
3464:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3437:
3432:
3431:
3427:
3418:
3417:
3413:
3408:
3404:
3396:
3392:
3384:
3380:
3336:
3335:
3331:
3321:
3319:
3310:
3309:
3305:
3295:
3293:
3285:
3281:
3280:
3276:
3267:
3265:
3248:
3247:
3240:
3235:
3231:
3226:
3222:
3217:
3213:
3203:
3201:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3173:
3171:
3160:
3159:
3155:
3145:
3143:
3130:
3129:
3125:
3112:
3102:
3096:
3094:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3063:
3061:
3053:
3052:
3048:
3043:
3039:
3034:
3030:
3020:
3018:
3012:
3011:
3007:
2997:
2995:
2986:
2985:
2981:
2971:
2969:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2945:
2943:
2940:The Independent
2932:
2931:
2927:
2917:
2915:
2908:National Forest
2898:
2897:
2893:
2883:
2881:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2860:
2856:
2851:
2847:
2842:
2838:
2833:
2829:
2824:
2820:
2816:Hart 1994, p. 1
2815:
2811:
2806:
2799:
2789:
2787:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2770:TheGuardian.com
2763:
2762:
2758:
2752:Estates Gazette
2746:
2737:
2732:
2725:
2720:
2716:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2695:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2670:
2660:
2658:
2650:
2649:
2645:
2641:Hart 1994, p.68
2640:
2636:
2627:
2626:
2621:
2617:
2593:Sorbus rupicola
2586:also lists the
2579:Viburnum opulus
2549:Salix arbuscala
2497:
2493:
2475:
2471:
2454:
2450:
2440:
2398:
2389:
2365:forest railways
2352:
2339:
2321:; in Scotland,
2315:
2306:
2304:Timber industry
2300:
2240:Ips typographus
2130:
2113:
1918:Western hemlock
1860:Castanea sativa
1692:Quercus petraea
1665:Serotina poplar
1539:Pedunculate oak
1308:Lombardy poplar
1229:Larix kaempferi
1124:Ilex aquifolium
638:Alnus glutinosa
449:Fagus sylvatica
428:Salix pentandra
365:Populus tremula
325:Scientific name
296:
283:
277:
226:National Forest
124:
59:, being in the
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7070:
7068:
7060:
7059:
7054:
7044:
7043:
7035:
7034:
7032:
7031:
7021:
7010:
7007:
7006:
7004:
7003:
6998:
6993:
6988:
6983:
6978:
6973:
6968:
6963:
6958:
6952:
6950:
6942:
6941:
6938:
6937:
6935:
6934:
6933:
6932:
6931:
6930:
6925:
6915:
6905:
6900:
6895:
6894:
6893:
6888:
6878:
6877:
6876:
6871:
6866:
6861:
6853:
6852:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6826:
6824:Legal services
6821:
6816:
6815:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6789:
6778:
6777:
6776:
6765:
6763:
6759:
6758:
6756:
6755:
6754:
6753:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6722:
6721:
6711:
6706:
6704:Euronext.liffe
6701:
6696:
6691:
6690:
6689:
6684:
6674:
6668:
6666:
6658:
6657:
6655:
6654:
6653:
6652:
6647:
6639:
6638:
6637:
6636:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6617:
6616:
6615:
6610:
6605:
6590:
6589:
6588:
6583:
6578:
6573:
6568:
6563:
6558:
6553:
6548:
6533:
6531:
6520:
6516:
6515:
6513:
6512:
6507:
6506:
6505:
6495:
6490:
6489:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6468:
6467:
6466:
6456:
6451:
6449:Businesspeople
6446:
6440:
6438:
6432:
6431:
6428:
6427:
6425:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6376:
6370:
6368:
6362:
6361:
6359:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6297:
6295:
6289:
6288:
6286:
6285:
6280:
6274:
6272:
6264:
6263:
6261:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6243:Thames Gateway
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6204:
6203:
6198:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6137:
6136:
6126:
6120:
6118:
6109:
6101:
6100:
6097:
6096:
6094:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6052:
6050:
6046:
6045:
6043:
6042:
6037:
6036:
6035:
6025:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5919:
5917:
5910:
5904:
5903:
5901:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5884:
5883:
5878:
5871:Pound sterling
5868:
5863:
5862:
5861:
5856:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5810:
5809:
5804:
5793:
5791:
5783:
5782:
5780:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5762:FTSE 250 Index
5759:
5757:FTSE 100 Index
5754:
5749:
5743:
5741:
5737:
5736:
5731:
5729:
5728:
5721:
5714:
5706:
5697:
5696:
5694:
5693:
5683:
5673:
5659:
5645:
5631:
5617:
5603:
5589:
5576:
5573:
5572:
5570:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5557:Timber cruiser
5554:
5552:Shingle weaver
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5513:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5456:
5454:
5450:
5449:
5447:
5446:
5445:
5444:
5434:
5433:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5402:
5401:
5400:
5390:
5388:Rail transport
5385:
5384:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5338:
5337:
5336:
5331:
5329:pulp and paper
5326:
5321:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5299:Forest farming
5296:
5290:
5288:
5282:
5281:
5279:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5257:
5256:
5249:
5247:slash-and-char
5244:
5242:slash-and-burn
5239:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5216:
5215:
5205:
5204:
5203:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5166:Forest dieback
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5132:
5130:
5124:
5123:
5121:
5120:
5119:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5093:
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5086:
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5066:
5065:
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5042:
5037:
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5025:
5015:
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5008:
5003:
4998:
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4988:
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4906:
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4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4839:
4834:
4828:
4826:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4811:
4809:Urban forestry
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
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4714:
4707:
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4508:
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4500:
4499:
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4489:
4482:United Kingdom
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4433:
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4298:
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4269:
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4264:
4263:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4232:
4231:
4220:
4217:
4216:
4210:
4208:
4207:
4200:
4193:
4185:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4136:
4134:
4133:other entities
4128:
4127:
4125:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4098:
4096:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4086:
4084:United Kingdom
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
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3976:
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3966:
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3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3897:Czech Republic
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3838:
3836:
3832:
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3828:
3826:
3825:
3818:
3811:
3803:
3796:
3795:External links
3793:
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3761:
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3716:
3710:
3693:
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3571:
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3524:
3498:
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3411:
3402:
3390:
3378:
3349:(2): 127–136.
3329:
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3211:
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3153:
3123:
3070:
3046:
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3028:
3005:
2979:
2968:on 31 May 2014
2953:
2925:
2904:WebArchive.org
2891:
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2797:
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2723:
2714:
2693:
2668:
2643:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2615:
2573:Sambucus nigra
2537:Salix lapponum
2507:Prunus spinosa
2491:
2469:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2444:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2429:
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2419:
2414:
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2397:
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2388:
2385:
2351:
2350:Transportation
2348:
2338:
2335:
2314:
2311:
2305:
2302:
2279:climate change
2219:Japanese Larch
2147:Woodland Trust
2129:
2126:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2087:
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2037:
2034:
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2024:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2003:
1999:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1961:
1957:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1940:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1919:
1915:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1902:Quercus cerris
1898:
1894:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1877:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1856:
1855:Sweet chestnut
1852:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1835:
1831:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1814:
1810:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1793:
1792:Southern beech
1789:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1772:
1768:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1751:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1713:Betula pendula
1709:
1705:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1688:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1666:
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1640:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1624:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1603:
1602:Robusta poplar
1599:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1582:
1578:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1561:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1519:
1518:Oriental plane
1515:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1498:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1477:
1473:
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1469:
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1427:
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1393:
1389:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:Pinus pinaster
1351:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1331:
1327:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:Pinus contorta
1288:
1287:Lodgepole pine
1284:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1267:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1246:
1242:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1225:
1224:Japanese larch
1221:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1204:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1183:
1182:Horse-chestnut
1179:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1162:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1141:
1137:
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1127:
1120:
1116:
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1057:
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1043:
1036:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1003:1850s– Present
1001:
994:
990:
989:
986:
983:
980:
973:
969:
968:
965:
962:
959:
956:Acer campestre
952:
948:
947:
944:
941:
938:
931:
930:European larch
927:
926:
923:
920:
917:
909:
905:
904:
901:
898:
895:
887:
883:
882:
879:
876:
873:
866:
862:
861:
858:
855:
852:
845:
841:
840:
837:
834:
831:
828:Cedrus deodara
824:
820:
819:
816:
813:
810:
802:
798:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:Salix fragilis
781:
777:
776:
773:
770:
767:
760:
756:
755:
752:
749:
746:
739:
735:
734:
731:
728:
725:
718:
714:
713:
710:
707:
704:
697:
693:
692:
689:
686:
683:
676:
672:
671:
668:
665:
662:
655:
654:Common juniper
651:
650:
647:
644:
641:
634:
630:
629:
626:
623:
620:
613:
609:
608:
605:
602:
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584:
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560:
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546:
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529:
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508:
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403:
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389:
382:
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368:
361:
357:
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350:
347:
340:
336:
335:
332:
329:
326:
323:
295:
292:
279:Main article:
276:
273:
180:Northern Isles
176:Outer Hebrides
123:
120:
57:United Kingdom
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7069:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7049:
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7040:
7030:
7022:
7020:
7012:
7011:
7008:
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6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
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6979:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6953:
6951:
6949:organisations
6943:
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6921:
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6856:
6854:
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6847:
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6837:
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6832:
6831:
6830:
6829:Manufacturing
6827:
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6810:
6808:
6805:
6803:
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6798:
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6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6682:List of banks
6680:
6679:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6670:
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6665:
6659:
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6609:
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6600:
6599:
6596:
6595:
6594:
6591:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6579:
6577:
6576:North Sea oil
6574:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
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6532:
6530:
6524:
6521:
6517:
6511:
6508:
6504:
6501:
6500:
6499:
6498:Trades unions
6496:
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6491:
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6484:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
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6469:
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6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6386:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6371:
6369:
6367:
6363:
6357:
6354:
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6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6298:
6296:
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6290:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6275:
6273:
6271:
6265:
6259:
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6224:
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6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
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6199:
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6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6135:
6134:Big City Plan
6132:
6131:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6121:
6119:
6117:
6113:
6110:
6102:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6086:Privatisation
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6066:Gold standard
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6053:
6051:
6047:
6041:
6038:
6034:
6031:
6030:
6029:
6026:
6023:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5993:1986 Big Bang
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5920:
5918:
5916:Chronological
5914:
5911:
5909:
5905:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5873:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5851:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5799:
5798:
5795:
5794:
5792:
5784:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5747:Co-operatives
5745:
5744:
5742:
5738:
5734:
5727:
5722:
5720:
5715:
5713:
5708:
5707:
5704:
5692:
5684:
5682:
5674:
5672:
5671:
5666:
5660:
5658:
5657:
5652:
5646:
5644:
5643:
5638:
5632:
5630:
5629:
5618:
5616:
5615:
5604:
5602:
5601:
5590:
5588:
5587:
5578:
5577:
5574:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5547:Rubber tapper
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5492:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5475:Choker setter
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5457:
5455:
5451:
5443:
5440:
5439:
5438:
5435:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5407:
5406:
5403:
5399:
5396:
5395:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5343:
5342:
5339:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5316:
5315:
5314:Manufacturing
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5291:
5289:
5287:
5283:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5255:
5254:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5237:
5233:
5232:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5214:
5211:
5210:
5209:
5206:
5202:
5199:
5198:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5151:Deforestation
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5133:
5131:
5127:Environmental
5125:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5098:
5097:
5094:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5081:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5063:
5060:
5059:
5058:
5055:
5051:
5048:
5047:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5029:
5028:reforestation
5026:
5024:
5023:afforestation
5021:
5020:
5019:
5016:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4978:
4977:
4974:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4896:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4844:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4832:Arboriculture
4830:
4829:
4827:
4825:
4820:
4816:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4784:Permaforestry
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4743:
4742:
4738:
4737:
4736:
4733:
4732:
4730:
4726:
4720:
4719:
4715:
4713:
4712:
4708:
4706:
4705:
4701:
4699:
4698:
4694:
4692:
4691:
4687:
4685:
4684:
4680:
4678:
4677:
4673:
4672:
4669:
4665:
4658:
4653:
4651:
4646:
4644:
4639:
4638:
4635:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4612:
4611:
4610:
4601:
4600:
4597:
4591:
4590:United States
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4537:
4535:
4531:
4525:
4522:
4518:
4515:
4514:
4513:
4510:
4509:
4507:
4505:
4501:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4484:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4430:
4426:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4366:
4364:
4362:
4358:
4352:
4351:United States
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4322:
4317:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4274:
4270:
4262:
4259:
4258:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4230:
4229:deforestation
4227:
4226:
4225:
4222:
4221:
4218:
4213:
4206:
4201:
4199:
4194:
4192:
4187:
4186:
4183:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4145:Faroe Islands
4143:
4141:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4129:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4117:South Ossetia
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4091:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3969:Liechtenstein
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3833:
3824:
3819:
3817:
3812:
3810:
3805:
3804:
3801:
3794:
3787:
3785:1-85368-416-3
3781:
3777:
3773:
3768:
3764:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3745:
3741:
3739:1-85341-111-6
3735:
3731:
3726:
3722:
3717:
3713:
3711:0-11-710281-4
3707:
3703:
3699:
3694:
3690:
3688:0-86299-962-6
3684:
3680:
3676:
3671:
3667:
3661:
3657:
3650:
3649:
3643:
3639:
3637:0-00-711074-X
3633:
3629:
3628:HarperCollins
3625:
3620:
3616:
3614:0-7153-8084-2
3610:
3606:
3601:
3600:
3593:
3592:
3587:
3586:
3580:
3575:
3572:
3569:
3564:
3561:
3545:
3541:
3534:
3528:
3525:
3512:
3508:
3502:
3499:
3484:
3480:
3473:
3466:
3463:
3447:
3443:
3436:
3429:
3426:
3421:
3415:
3412:
3406:
3403:
3399:
3394:
3391:
3387:
3382:
3379:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3333:
3330:
3317:
3313:
3307:
3304:
3291:
3284:
3278:
3275:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3233:
3230:
3224:
3221:
3215:
3212:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3185:
3182:
3170:
3169:
3164:
3157:
3154:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3127:
3124:
3119:
3107:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3074:
3071:
3060:
3056:
3050:
3047:
3041:
3038:
3032:
3029:
3016:
3009:
3006:
2993:
2989:
2983:
2980:
2967:
2963:
2957:
2954:
2942:
2941:
2936:
2929:
2926:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2895:
2892:
2880:
2876:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2858:
2855:
2849:
2846:
2840:
2837:
2831:
2828:
2822:
2819:
2813:
2810:
2804:
2802:
2798:
2786:
2780:
2777:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2760:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2736:
2730:
2728:
2724:
2718:
2715:
2704:on 2015-10-08
2700:
2696:
2694:9780855389147
2690:
2683:
2682:
2675:
2673:
2669:
2657:
2653:
2647:
2644:
2638:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2580:
2575:
2574:
2569:
2568:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2550:
2545:
2544:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2532:
2527:
2526:
2521:
2520:
2519:Salix cinerea
2515:
2514:
2509:
2508:
2503:
2502:
2495:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2473:
2470:
2466:
2465:Great Britain
2462:
2458:
2457:British Isles
2452:
2449:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2393:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2356:
2349:
2347:
2343:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2312:
2310:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2275:Air pollution
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2241:
2236:
2235:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2194:
2190:results from
2189:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2156:
2150:
2148:
2141:
2140:
2134:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2110:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2091:Taxus baccata
2088:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1944:Thuja plicata
1941:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1798:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1756:
1755:Tilia cordata
1752:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1587:
1586:Quercus rubra
1583:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1545:
1544:Quercus robur
1541:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1499:
1497:Norway spruce
1496:
1495:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1460:Abies procera
1457:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1439:Pinus radiata
1436:
1434:Monterey pine
1433:
1432:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1392:Monkey-puzzle
1391:
1390:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1350:Maritime pine
1349:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1313:Populus nigra
1310:
1307:
1306:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1209:
1208:Alnus cordata
1205:
1203:Italian alder
1202:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1062:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1002:
1000:
999:
995:
993:Giant sequoia
992:
991:
987:
984:
981:
979:
978:
977:Abies grandis
974:
971:
970:
966:
963:
960:
958:
957:
953:
950:
949:
945:
942:
939:
937:
936:
935:Larix decidua
932:
929:
928:
924:
921:
918:
915:
914:
910:
907:
906:
902:
899:
896:
893:
892:
888:
885:
884:
880:
877:
874:
872:
871:
867:
864:
863:
859:
856:
853:
851:
850:
846:
843:
842:
838:
835:
832:
830:
829:
825:
822:
821:
817:
814:
811:
808:
807:
803:
800:
799:
795:
792:
789:
787:
786:
782:
779:
778:
774:
771:
768:
766:
765:
761:
758:
757:
753:
750:
747:
745:
744:
740:
738:Corsican pine
737:
736:
732:
729:
726:
724:
723:
722:Juglans regia
719:
717:Common walnut
716:
715:
711:
708:
705:
703:
702:
698:
695:
694:
690:
687:
684:
682:
681:
677:
674:
673:
669:
666:
663:
661:
660:
656:
653:
652:
648:
645:
642:
640:
639:
635:
632:
631:
627:
624:
621:
619:
618:
614:
612:Coast redwood
611:
610:
606:
603:
600:
598:
597:
596:Cedrus libani
593:
590:
589:
585:
582:
579:
577:
576:
572:
570:Caucasian fir
569:
568:
564:
561:
558:
556:
555:
551:
548:
547:
543:
540:
537:
535:
534:
533:Juglans nigra
530:
527:
526:
522:
519:
516:
514:
513:
512:Populus nigra
509:
506:
505:
501:
498:
495:
493:
492:
488:
485:
484:
480:
477:
474:
472:
471:
467:
464:
463:
459:
456:
453:
451:
450:
446:
443:
442:
438:
435:
432:
430:
429:
425:
422:
421:
417:
414:
411:
409:
408:
404:
402:Austrian pine
401:
400:
396:
393:
390:
388:
387:
383:
380:
379:
375:
372:
369:
367:
366:
362:
359:
358:
354:
351:
348:
346:
345:
341:
338:
337:
330:
327:
324:
321:
320:
317:
316:
315:
313:
309:
305:
301:
293:
291:
289:
282:
274:
272:
270:
266:
262:
256:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
229:
227:
223:
219:
218:afforestation
208:
204:
197:
192:
188:
186:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
152:Highland Line
149:
145:
141:
133:
128:
121:
119:
115:
113:
107:
105:
101:
97:
92:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
65:Great Britain
62:
61:British Isles
58:
51:
47:
42:
35:
34:Epping Forest
31:
27:
19:
7039:
6898:Supermarkets
6864:Construction
6859:Architecture
6694:Canary Wharf
6644:
6527:Resource and
6510:Unemployment
6481:Minimum wage
6444:Billionaires
6341:Silicon Glen
6213:M11 Corridor
5661:
5647:
5633:
5619:
5605:
5591:
5584:
5562:Tree planter
5542:Resin tapper
5522:Truck driver
5517:River driver
5266:Tree hugging
5251:
5234:
5201:timber mafia
5191:High grading
5176:Ghost forest
5146:Clearcutting
5069:Silviculture
5045:Horticulture
4889:Fire ecology
4804:Urban forest
4779:Mycoforestry
4739:
4735:Agroforestry
4716:
4709:
4702:
4695:
4688:
4683:Forest areas
4681:
4674:
4615:by continent
4607:
4481:
4261:Timber mafia
4224:Forest areas
4122:Transnistria
4083:
3771:
3748:
3729:
3720:
3697:
3674:
3647:
3623:
3598:
3588:Bibliography
3574:
3563:
3551:. Retrieved
3544:the original
3539:
3527:
3515:. Retrieved
3510:
3501:
3490:. Retrieved
3483:the original
3478:
3465:
3453:. Retrieved
3446:the original
3441:
3428:
3414:
3405:
3393:
3381:
3346:
3342:
3332:
3320:. Retrieved
3315:
3306:
3294:. Retrieved
3289:
3277:
3266:. Retrieved
3255:The Guardian
3254:
3232:
3223:
3214:
3202:. Retrieved
3193:
3184:
3172:. Retrieved
3166:
3156:
3144:. Retrieved
3140:the original
3126:
3114:|last2=
3095:. Retrieved
3084:The Guardian
3083:
3073:
3062:. Retrieved
3058:
3049:
3040:
3031:
3019:. Retrieved
3008:
2996:. Retrieved
2992:the original
2982:
2970:. Retrieved
2966:the original
2956:
2944:. Retrieved
2938:
2928:
2916:. Retrieved
2912:the original
2903:
2894:
2882:. Retrieved
2869:
2857:
2848:
2839:
2830:
2821:
2812:
2788:. Retrieved
2779:
2768:
2759:
2747:
2717:
2706:. Retrieved
2699:the original
2680:
2659:. Retrieved
2646:
2637:
2618:
2609:
2603:
2597:
2591:
2577:
2571:
2565:
2559:
2553:
2547:
2541:
2535:
2531:Salix lanata
2529:
2525:Salix aurita
2523:
2517:
2511:
2505:
2499:
2494:
2486:
2482:
2472:
2451:
2390:
2377:the Pennines
2369:Beeching Axe
2361:
2344:
2340:
2325:; in Wales,
2316:
2307:
2299:
2295:
2248:
2238:
2232:
2223:
2212:
2203:
2197:
2191:
2181:
2171:
2166:, spread by
2163:
2153:
2151:
2144:
2137:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2089:
2070:Ulmus glabra
2068:
2047:
2028:Prunus avium
2026:
2005:
1984:
1981:White willow
1965:Populus alba
1963:
1960:White poplar
1942:
1921:
1900:
1879:
1858:
1837:
1816:
1795:
1774:
1753:
1732:
1729:Sitka spruce
1711:
1708:Silver birch
1690:
1668:
1647:
1626:
1605:
1584:
1563:
1542:
1521:
1500:
1479:
1476:Norway maple
1458:
1437:
1416:
1395:
1374:
1353:
1333:
1330:London plane
1311:
1290:
1269:
1248:
1227:
1206:
1185:
1164:
1145:Quercus ilex
1143:
1122:
1101:
1080:
1059:
1040:Alnus incana
1038:
1019:Salix caprea
1017:
996:
975:
954:
933:
911:
889:
868:
847:
826:
823:Deodar cedar
804:
783:
780:Crack willow
762:
741:
720:
699:
678:
657:
636:
633:Common alder
615:
594:
573:
552:
531:
528:Black walnut
510:
507:Black poplar
489:
470:Prunus padus
468:
447:
426:
405:
384:
363:
342:
297:
284:
257:
230:
214:
201:
195:
144:forest cover
137:
116:
108:
93:
54:
26:
6874:Real estate
6598:Agriculture
6385:Cardiff Bay
6374:Agriculture
6331:Oil and gas
6306:Agriculture
6233:Silicon Fen
6208:M4 corridor
6201:London Plan
6022:Growth deal
5849:HM Treasury
5819:Company law
5788:governance,
5586:WikiProject
5510:smokejumper
5490:Firefighter
5453:Occupations
5437:Woodworking
5018:Forestation
4949:restoration
4904:informatics
4769:Ecoforestry
4575:South Korea
4524:New Zealand
4160:Isle of Man
4095:recognition
4069:Switzerland
4004:Netherlands
2513:Rosa canina
2501:Betula nana
2387:Land values
2007:Sorbus aria
1813:Baldcypress
1776:Ulmus minor
1687:Sessile oak
1565:Alnus rubra
1502:Picea abies
1056:Grey poplar
951:Field maple
891:Ulmus minor
886:English elm
865:Downy birch
844:Douglas-fir
743:Pinus nigra
675:Common lime
465:Bird cherry
407:Pinus nigra
381:Atlas cedar
322:Common name
263:, then the
112:broadleaves
71:as well as
7046:Categories
6928:High-speed
6923:Inter-city
6839:Automotive
6819:Healthcare
6807:Television
6797:Newspapers
6641:Materials
6556:Geothermal
6529:production
6471:Labour law
6454:Demography
6437:and labour
6218:Manchester
6129:Birmingham
6061:Free trade
5790:regulation
5532:Lumberjack
5527:Log scaler
5410:engineered
5361:non-timber
5334:sawmilling
5286:Industries
5253:svedjebruk
4964:transition
4944:protection
4934:old-growth
4919:governance
4874:Dendrology
4824:management
4690:Ministries
4369:Bangladesh
4236:Ministries
4214:by country
4039:San Marino
3999:Montenegro
3979:Luxembourg
3959:Kazakhstan
3862:Azerbaijan
3492:2015-07-27
3296:4 February
3268:2023-11-08
3097:2023-11-08
3064:2024-08-03
2790:22 October
2708:2015-07-27
2438:References
2381:Colas Rail
2267:field mice
2188:Ash canker
2180:, as does
2164:Ophiostoma
1986:Salix alba
1897:Turkey oak
1673:'Serotina'
1644:Scots pine
1035:Grey alder
913:Eucalyptus
809:'Caerulea'
806:Salix alba
759:Crab apple
701:Abies alba
423:Bay willow
306:and three
304:whitebeams
156:Scots Pine
89:reforested
6945:Trade and
6908:Transport
6855:Property
6834:Aerospace
6769:Education
6714:Insurance
6662:Financial
6546:Biodiesel
6422:Transport
6351:Transport
6311:Edinburgh
6283:Transport
6258:Wiltshire
6253:Transport
6228:Sheffield
6186:Liverpool
6049:Recurrent
5876:Banknotes
5786:Currency,
5740:Companies
5480:Ecologist
5393:Tree farm
5294:Coppicing
5236:chitemene
5136:Acid rain
5084:allometry
5006:SmartWood
4954:secondary
4939:pathology
4914:inventory
4852:driftwood
4718:Arbor Day
4580:Sri Lanka
4512:Australia
4404:Sri Lanka
4331:Argentina
4150:Gibraltar
3974:Lithuania
3507:"Traffic"
3373:247578984
3365:2042-6445
3263:0261-3077
3106:cite news
3092:0261-3077
2661:4 January
2630:Citations
2443:Footnotes
2283:acid rain
2259:squirrels
2229:bacterial
2176:, causes
2078:Broadleaf
2057:Broadleaf
2036:Broadleaf
2015:Broadleaf
2002:Whitebeam
1994:Broadleaf
1973:Broadleaf
1949:1800–1900
1928:1800–1900
1910:Broadleaf
1907:1600–1800
1889:Broadleaf
1868:Broadleaf
1847:Broadleaf
1823:1600–1800
1805:Broadleaf
1802:1800–1900
1784:Broadleaf
1763:Broadleaf
1739:1800–1900
1721:Broadleaf
1700:Broadleaf
1679:Broadleaf
1676:1600–1800
1636:Broadleaf
1615:Broadleaf
1612:1800–1900
1594:Broadleaf
1591:1600–1800
1573:Broadleaf
1570:1800–1900
1560:Red alder
1552:Broadleaf
1531:Broadleaf
1489:Broadleaf
1486:1600–1800
1465:1800–1900
1455:Noble fir
1444:1800–1900
1423:1800–1900
1402:1600–1800
1384:Broadleaf
1343:Broadleaf
1340:1600–1800
1322:Broadleaf
1319:1600–1800
1316:'Italica'
1297:1800–1900
1276:1800–1900
1258:Broadleaf
1234:1800–1900
1216:Broadleaf
1213:1800–1900
1195:Broadleaf
1192:1600–1800
1174:Broadleaf
1153:Broadleaf
1132:Broadleaf
1111:Broadleaf
1090:Broadleaf
1069:Broadleaf
1048:Broadleaf
1045:1600–1800
1027:Broadleaf
982:1800–1900
972:Giant fir
964:Broadleaf
940:1600–1800
922:Broadleaf
919:1800–1900
908:Eucalypts
900:Broadleaf
878:Broadleaf
854:1800–1900
833:1800–1900
815:Broadleaf
812:1600–1800
793:Broadleaf
772:Broadleaf
748:1600–1800
730:Broadleaf
706:1600–1800
688:Broadleaf
685:1600–1800
646:Broadleaf
622:1800–1900
601:1600–1800
580:1800–1900
562:Broadleaf
541:Broadleaf
538:1600–1800
520:Broadleaf
499:Broadleaf
496:1800–1900
478:Broadleaf
457:Broadleaf
436:Broadleaf
412:1800–1900
391:1800–1900
373:Broadleaf
352:Broadleaf
7019:Category
6947:business
6913:Aviation
6886:Internet
6792:Gambling
6699:The City
6664:services
6645:Forestry
6628:Scottish
6619:Fishing
6561:Fracking
6493:Pensions
6301:Aberdeen
6293:Scotland
6268:Northern
6238:Somerset
6146:Cornwall
6106:regions,
6104:Nations,
5888:Taxation
5681:Category
5495:handcrew
5465:Arborist
5460:Forester
5420:mahogany
5366:palm oil
5356:charcoal
5341:Products
5276:Wildfire
5089:breeding
5050:GM trees
4899:dynamics
4711:Journals
4704:Colleges
4664:Forestry
4620:agencies
4609:Category
4517:Tasmania
4487:Scotland
4399:Pakistan
4379:Cambodia
4324:Americas
4291:Ethiopia
4212:Forestry
4170:Svalbard
4155:Guernsey
4102:Abkhazia
4054:Slovenia
4049:Slovakia
4024:Portugal
3882:Bulgaria
3168:BBC News
2656:Eurostat
2483:Private:
2396:See also
2337:Planting
2287:wildfire
2210:oomycete
2065:Wych elm
1970:pre-1600
1886:pre-1600
1876:Sycamore
1865:pre-1600
1844:pre-1600
1781:pre-1600
1528:pre-1600
1507:pre-1600
1360:pre-1600
1161:Hornbeam
1150:pre-1600
1140:Holm oak
1077:Hawthorn
1066:pre-1600
897:pre-1600
894:'Atinia'
727:pre-1600
224:and the
166:/oak or
148:Scotland
140:Holocene
85:hectares
77:forestry
73:savannah
7029:Commons
6996:Make UK
6903:Tourism
6869:Housing
6849:Exports
6812:Theatre
6677:Banking
6623:English
6519:Sectors
6464:Poverty
6417:Tourism
6412:Swansea
6397:History
6392:Fishing
6379:Cardiff
6346:Tourism
6326:History
6321:Fishing
6278:Belfast
6270:Ireland
6248:Tourism
6223:Reading
6171:Fishing
6151:Croydon
6141:Bristol
6116:England
5908:History
5881:Coinage
5691:Outline
5505:lookout
5500:hotshot
5381:tanbark
5351:biomass
5346:biochar
5324:plywood
5309:Logging
5213:wilding
4862:log jam
4819:Ecology
4570:Romania
4550:Denmark
4504:Oceania
4462:Romania
4447:Germany
4442:Finland
4437:Estonia
4079:Ukraine
4029:Romania
3989:Moldova
3947:Ireland
3942:Iceland
3937:Hungary
3927:Germany
3922:Georgia
3912:Finland
3907:Estonia
3902:Denmark
3887:Croatia
3872:Belgium
3867:Belarus
3857:Austria
3852:Armenia
3847:Andorra
3842:Albania
3322:May 21,
3204:18 July
3174:18 July
3146:18 July
3021:18 July
2998:1 April
2972:27 July
2946:18 July
2918:18 July
2884:17 July
2487:Public:
2479:England
2463:), and
2313:Nations
2255:Rabbits
2245:spruces
2208:). The
2128:Threats
2111:Purpose
2099:Conifer
1952:Conifer
1931:Conifer
1826:Conifer
1742:Conifer
1657:Conifer
1581:Red oak
1510:Conifer
1468:Conifer
1447:Conifer
1426:Conifer
1405:Conifer
1363:Conifer
1300:Conifer
1279:Conifer
1237:Conifer
1006:Conifer
985:Conifer
943:Conifer
916:species
857:Conifer
836:Conifer
751:Conifer
709:Conifer
667:Conifer
625:Conifer
604:Conifer
583:Conifer
415:Conifer
394:Conifer
302:, four
300:willows
269:England
158:in the
122:History
36:in 2008
6787:Cinema
6650:Mining
6571:Marine
6537:Energy
6459:Income
6435:People
6381:
6356:Whisky
6191:London
6161:Dorset
6108:cities
6033:Impact
5814:Budget
5537:Ranger
5485:Feller
5470:Bucker
5376:rubber
5319:lumber
5129:topics
5116:volume
5111:height
5057:i-Tree
4894:Forest
4847:coarse
4842:Debris
4741:dehesa
4585:Taiwan
4560:Mexico
4540:Canada
4477:Turkey
4472:Sweden
4457:Russia
4452:Poland
4429:Europe
4419:Turkey
4414:Taiwan
4374:Bhutan
4346:Mexico
4336:Canada
4306:Uganda
4273:Africa
4165:Jersey
4107:Kosovo
4074:Turkey
4064:Sweden
4044:Serbia
4034:Russia
4019:Poland
4014:Norway
3994:Monaco
3964:Latvia
3932:Greece
3917:France
3892:Cyprus
3782:
3759:
3736:
3708:
3685:
3662:
3634:
3611:
3553:22 Jul
3517:23 May
3455:27 Jul
3371:
3363:
3261:
3090:
3059:GOV.UK
2691:
2461:Europe
2285:, and
2227:has a
2096:Native
2075:Native
2054:Native
2033:Native
2012:Native
1991:Native
1760:Native
1718:Native
1697:Native
1654:Native
1633:Native
1549:Native
1381:Native
1255:Native
1171:Native
1129:Native
1108:Native
1087:Native
1024:Native
961:Native
875:Native
790:Native
769:Native
664:Native
643:Native
559:Native
517:Native
475:Native
454:Native
433:Native
370:Native
349:Native
334:Notes
328:Period
312:cherry
100:Second
87:to be
46:Ruthin
6802:Radio
6782:Media
6762:Other
6633:Welsh
6603:Cider
6581:Solar
6366:Wales
6176:Leeds
6156:Devon
5839:Gilts
5371:rayon
5106:girth
5101:crown
5062:urban
4959:stand
4867:slash
4857:large
4728:Types
4676:Index
4555:Kenya
4545:Chile
4492:Wales
4467:Spain
4409:Syria
4394:Nepal
4389:Japan
4384:India
4341:Chile
4301:Sudan
4296:Ghana
4140:Åland
4059:Spain
3984:Malta
3954:Italy
3652:(PDF)
3624:Trees
3547:(PDF)
3536:(PDF)
3486:(PDF)
3475:(PDF)
3449:(PDF)
3438:(PDF)
3369:S2CID
3286:(PDF)
2702:(PDF)
2685:(PDF)
2373:Devon
2263:voles
1623:Rowan
1119:Holly
1098:Hazel
444:Beech
360:Aspen
308:birch
211:2060.
172:birch
164:hazel
96:First
50:Wales
6918:Rail
6613:Beer
6608:Wine
6593:Food
6586:Wind
6551:Coal
5430:teak
5415:fuel
5405:Wood
5225:REDD
5079:Tree
4996:PEFC
4981:ATFS
4361:Asia
4286:Chad
3780:ISBN
3757:ISBN
3734:ISBN
3706:ISBN
3683:ISBN
3660:ISBN
3632:ISBN
3609:ISBN
3555:2015
3519:2013
3457:2015
3361:ISSN
3324:2021
3298:2024
3259:ISSN
3206:2010
3176:2010
3148:2010
3118:help
3088:ISSN
3023:2010
3000:2019
2974:2015
2948:2010
2920:2010
2886:2010
2792:2019
2689:ISBN
2663:2023
2602:and
2271:deer
331:Type
310:and
251:and
235:and
168:pine
114:.
98:and
69:oaks
55:The
6726:LCH
5001:SFI
4991:FSC
4986:CFS
4924:law
4909:IPM
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