236:
28:
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Article 144A required that the
Supreme Court could only declare a Central or State law as unconstitutional if the decision was made by a bench with at least 7 judges, and backed by a special majority of two-thirds of the bench. Article 228A required that a High Court could only declare a State law as
1250:
from considering the constitutional validity of
Central laws. Article 131A barred High Courts making judgements on the constitutional validity of Central legislation, giving exclusive jurisdiction for such laws to the Supreme Court.
1066:
December, after adopting a formal amendment to replace the word "Forty-fourth" with "Forty-third" in Clause 1 of the Bill. Subsequently, Clauses 7 to 10 of the Bill were renumbered as 8 to 11 respectively. It was then passed by the
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from considering the constitutional validity of State laws in writ proceedings for the enforcement of
Fundamental Rights. Article 226A placed a similar prohibition on
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by more than half of the State
Legislatures, as required under Clause (2) of the said article. State Legislatures that ratified the amendment are listed below:
499:
483:
475:
419:
399:
1242:
Article 31D had enabled
Parliament to legislate on matters concerning "anti-national activities" and "anti-national associations". Article 32A prohibited the
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unconstitutional if the decision was made by a bench with at least 5 judges, and backed by a special majority of two-thirds of the bench.
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307:
259:
1235:
articles – 31D, 32A, 131A, 144A, 226A and 228A – that had been inserted into the
Constitution by the 42nd
1314:
379:
1059:. The bill sought to amend Articles 145, 228 and 366, and omit Articles 31D, 32A, 131A, 144A, 226A and 228A of the Constitution.
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173:
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campaigning on a promise to "restore the
Constitution to the condition it was in before the Emergency".
1016:
430:
370:
254:
227:
197:
1088:
1079:
1239:
Amendment. Articles 145, 228 and 366 were amended to facilitate the omission of these six articles.
155:
35:
1277:
1100:
The Act was passed in accordance with the provisions of
Article 368 of the Constitution, and was
1076:
943:
1310:
1134:
1051:
December 1977 as the
Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Bill, 1977. It was introduced by
928:
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1109:
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169:
128:
1370:
1219:
1169:
1008:
1101:
1024:
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The bill was debated by the Lok Sabha on 19 and 20 December, and was passed on 20
1043:
The bill of
Constitution (Forty-third Amendment) Act, 1977 was introduced in the
1194:
1144:
1075:
December 1977. The bill, after ratification by the states, received assent from
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1119:
1114:
1309:(Sixth ed.). New Delhi: Northern Book Centre. p. 196.
1273:"'Issue too academic', so PIL on socialism in statute withdrawn"
997:
articles that had been inserted into the Constitution by the
1343:"The Constitution Amendment Acts (First to Ninety-fourth)
1345:
Objects and Reasons, Legislative History and Synopsis
161:
The Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Bill, 1977
191:
179:
165:
154:
146:
141:
127:
115:
103:
93:
81:
71:
63:
55:An Act further to amend the Constitution of India.
34:
20:
987:Forty-third Amendment of the Constitution of India
21:The Constitution (Forty-third Amendment) Act, 1977
991:Constitution (Forty-third Amendment) Act, 1977
966:
8:
1057:Minister of Law, Justice and Company Affairs
174:Minister of Law, Justice and Company Affairs
1337:
1335:
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1023:Amendment was enacted by the newly elected
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1296:
973:
959:
214:
1377:Amendments of the Constitution of India
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226:
52:
1092:and came into force on the same date.
17:
1303:R.C. Bhardwaj, ed. (1 January 1995).
7:
1352:. pp. 180–183. Archived from
14:
234:
26:
1306:Constitution Amendment in India
1231:The 43rd Amendment repealed six
1086:April 1978. It was notified in
1007:which had been enacted by the
1:
909:Constituent Assembly of India
1403:
989:, officially known as the
914:Constitution bench (India)
203:
196:
41:
25:
1013:Indian National Congress
939:Basic structure doctrine
1227:Constitutional changes
1039:Proposal and enactment
228:Constitution of India
198:Constitution of India
1387:Desai administration
1089:The Gazette of India
1080:Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
1359:on 3 December 2013.
142:Legislative history
36:Parliament of India
1382:1977 in Indian law
1278:The Indian Express
1027:which had won the
944:Uniform civil code
64:Territorial extent
1210:Jammu and Kashmir
1033:general elections
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1200:Did not ratify:
1135:Himachal Pradesh
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1022:
1003:
996:
975:
968:
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116:Assented to
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30:
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1053:Shanti Bhushan
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993:, repealed six
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902:Related topics
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1017:the Emergency
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187:December 1977
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166:Introduced by
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111:December 1977
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89:December 1977
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1354:the original
1344:
1320:. Retrieved
1305:
1283:. Retrieved
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1241:
1230:
1199:
1099:
1096:Ratification
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1061:
1042:
1025:Janata Party
990:
986:
984:
639:
243:
204:
45:
15:
1322:21 December
1248:High Courts
1195:West Bengal
1145:Maharashtra
1069:Rajya Sabha
98:Rajya Sabha
1371:Categories
1285:7 December
1259:References
1185:Tamil Nadu
1019:. The 43rd
924:State List
919:Union List
463:Amendments
431:Appendices
180:Introduced
137:April 1978
123:April 1978
47:Long title
1205:Karnataka
1175:Rajasthan
1155:Meghalaya
1077:President
1045:Lok Sabha
1005:Amendment
371:Schedules
149:Lok Sabha
129:Effective
76:Lok Sabha
1160:Nagaland
1102:ratified
416:Eleventh
245:Preamble
220:a series
218:Part of
1190:Tripura
1150:Manipur
1130:Haryana
1125:Gujarat
1015:during
420:Twelfth
400:Seventh
205:Status:
1313:
1237:
1233:
1215:Kerala
1180:Sikkim
1170:Punjab
1165:Orissa
1084:
1073:
1064:
1049:
1031:
1021:
1002:
995:
404:Eighth
388:Fourth
380:Second
222:on the
192:Amends
185:
135:
121:
109:
104:Passed
87:
82:Passed
1357:(PDF)
1350:(PDF)
1120:Bihar
1115:Assam
1082:on 13
1071:on 23
1047:on 16
1011:-led
412:Tenth
408:Ninth
396:Sixth
392:Fifth
384:Third
376:First
344:XVIII
255:Parts
208:Spent
158:title
67:India
1324:2018
1311:ISBN
1287:2018
1029:1977
999:42nd
985:The
468:List
360:XXII
340:XVII
328:XIVA
320:XIII
292:VIII
156:Bill
892:106
888:105
884:104
880:103
876:102
872:101
868:100
446:∙
444:III
356:XXI
348:XIX
336:XVI
324:XIV
316:XII
304:IXB
300:IXA
288:VII
276:IVA
274:∙
268:III
1373::
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107:23
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1347:"
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308:X
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260:I
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