Knowledge (XXG)

Directive Principles

Source πŸ“

2905:... The word 'strive' which occurs in the Draft Constitution, in judgement, is very important. We have used it because our intention is even when there are circumstances which prevent the Government, or which stand in the way of the Government giving effect to these Directive Principles, they shall, even under hard and unpropitious circumstances, always strive in the fulfilment of these Directives. That is why we have used the word 'strive'. Otherwise, it would be open for any Government to say that the circumstances are so bad, that the finances are so inadequate that we cannot even make an effort in the direction in which the Constitution asks us to go. 53: 829: 2642: 3102:
of 2002 inserted a new article, Article 21-A, into the Constitution, that seeks to provide free and compulsory education to all children aged 6 to 14 years. Welfare schemes for the weaker sections are being implemented both by the Central and State governments. These include programmes such as boys'
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Indians, who were seeking independence from British rule and their own government, were particularly influenced by the independence of Ireland from British rule and the development of the Irish constitution. Also, the Directive Principles of State Policy in the Irish Constitution were looked upon by
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are the guidelines to be followed by the government of India for the governance of the country. They are not enforceable by any court, but the principles laid down there are considered "Fundamental" in the governance of the country, which makes it the duty of the State to apply these principles in
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Several Land Reform Acts were enacted to provide ownership rights to poor farmers. Up to September 2001, more than 20,000,000 acres (80,000 km) of land had been distributed to scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and the landless poor. The thrust of banking policy in India has been to improve
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Directive Principles are affirmative directions and are non - justiciable. However, this does not mean that they are subordinate to fundamental rights; Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles go hand in hand. Article 37 of the Constitution of India talks about the application of Directive
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ensure that the State shall strive for the promotion and maintenance of international peace and security, just and honourable relations between nations, respect for international law and treaty obligations, as well as settlement of international disputes by arbitration.
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Both the Fundamental Rights and the Directive Principles of State Policy were included in the I Draft Constitution (February 1948), the II Draft Constitution (17 October 1948) and the III and final Draft Constitution (26 November 1949), prepared by the
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The directive principles commit the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health, particularly by prohibiting intoxicating drinks and drugs injurious to health except for medicinal purposes per
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for both men and women. The State should work to prevent the concentration of wealth and means of production in a few hands, and try to ensure that ownership and control of the material resources is distributed to best serve the common good.
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provides for the better protection of consumers. The act is intended to provide simple, speedy and inexpensive redressal to the consumers' grievances, award relief and compensation wherever appropriate to the consumer. The
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became chairperson of committees and sub-committees responsible for different subjects. A notable development during that period having significant effect on the Indian constitution took place on 10 December 1948 when the
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status for India and elections under universal suffrage, would guarantee rights deemed fundamental, representation for religious and ethnic minorities, and limit the powers of the government. In 1931, the
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Directive Principles are classified under the following categories: Economic and Socialistic, Political and Administrative, Justice and Legal, Environmental, Protection of Monuments, Peace and Security.
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the people of India as an inspiration for the independent Indian Government to comprehensively tackle complex social and economic challenges across a vast, diverse nation and population.
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also. However the judiciary is failing dismally in this respect by causing inordinate delay considering time of rendering justice in a case arbitrarily is its constitutional liberty.
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as well as inequalities in status and opportunities, not only among individuals but also among groups of people residing in different areas or engaged in different vocations per
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The judiciary is not part of the state as defined in Article 36 to claim non-applicability of DPSP (Part IV of the constitution) under Article 37 wherever applicable to it.
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should be prevented. Children should be allowed to develop in a healthy manner and should be protected against exploitation and against moral and material abandonment per
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had participated in 37 UN peace-keeping operations. India played a key role in the passing of a UN resolution in 2003, which envisaged better co-operation between the
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There is no need of any constitutional amendment and simple legislation by the Parliament is adequate to implement the Directive Principles as applicable laws per
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47.7 million was released for this purpose. In order that scheduled castes and scheduled tribes are protected from atrocities, the Government enacted the
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of the people but fundamental in the governance of the country, it shall be the duty of the State to apply these principles in making laws per
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An existing policy in line with DPSP can not be reversed, however it can be expanded further in line with DPSP. The policy changes applicable
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to ensure that equal opportunities for securing justice is ensured to all, and is not denied by reason of economic or other disabilities per
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Protection of monuments, places and objects of historic and artistic interest and national importance against destruction and damage per
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composing of representatives of all Indian political parties, proposed constitutional reforms for India that apart from calling for
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by courts is part of animating judiciary. Rendering prompt justice is the foremost purpose of the constitution as enshrined in the
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was launched in 2001 to attain the objective of gainful employment for the rural poor. The programme was implemented through the
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and to public assistance in cases of unemployment, old age, sickness and disablement, within the limits of economic capacity per
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When India obtained Independence on 15 August 1947, the task of developing a constitution for the nation was undertaken by the
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India's Foreign Policy has also to some degree been influenced by the DPSPs. India, in the past has condemned all acts of
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and the Declaration of Independence by the American Colonies." The Indian constitution was also influenced by the
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and provide early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of six years per
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seeking to upgrade the DPSPs. If laws are made to give effect to any of the Directive Principles overriding
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as they are already enshrined in the constitution. The State has made few efforts till now to implement the
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The State shall take steps to promote their participation in the management of industrial undertakings per
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While debating can lead a good life. They also aim to establish social and economic democracy through a
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for workers, with full enjoyment of leisure and social and cultural activities. Also, the promotion of
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of 1948 empowers government to fix minimum wages for employees engaged in various employments. The
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making laws to establish a just society in the country. The principles have been inspired by the
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Also, the State shall strive to minimise the inequalities in income and endeavour to eliminate
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Universal Declaration of Human Rights and International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
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and the troop-contributing countries. India has also been in favour of nuclear disarmament.
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and called upon all member States to adopt these rights in their respective constitutions.
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The term "State" includes all authorities within the territorial periphery of India: the
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has been separated from the executive in all the states and Union territories except
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Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wild life
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as well as provide for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief per
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are also the obligations of the State as laid down in the directive principles.
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The Concept of Duty in Asia; African Charter on Human and People's Right of 1981
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and political justice is animated/informed in all institutions of life as per
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of 1976, provides for equal pay for equal work for both men and women. The
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The directive principles ensure that the State shall strive to promote the
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Singh, J. P.; Dubey, Sanjay; Rashmi, Neeraja; Srinivasan, M. V. (2005),
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Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties of India
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of union and states should also be guided by these principles. Even the
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and separation of judiciary from the executive in public services per
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which has to be passed by a special majority of both houses of the
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ruled that 42nd Amendment Act to the Article 31C is not valid and
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The Programme of Universalisation of Elementary Education and the
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and help enable them to function as units of self-government per
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has been accorded the highest priority in order to provide free
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in rural areas is one of the obligations of the State per
3500:"Sardar Patel was the real architect of the Constitution" 3127:, which provided severe punishments for such atrocities. 2699:
Directive Principles given in the Constitution of Ireland
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Sinha, Savita, Das, Supta & Rashmi, Neeraja (2005),
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Provision for free and compulsory education for children
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became the chairperson of the drafting committee, while
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The State should also ensure a living wage and proper
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National Council of Educational Research and Training
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National Council of Educational Research and Training
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Governing principles of government divisions in India
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Participation of workers in management of industries
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Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
3767:. Union Budget and Economic Survey. Archived from 2739:. The idea of such policies "can be traced to the 3943:"Seat Reservation for Women in Local Panchayats" 3385:List of amendments of the Constitution of India 2902: 4139:Social Science – Part II Textbook for Class IX 4183:Indian History, World Developments and Civics 4161:Social Science – Part II Textbook for Class X 4104:Directive principle of state policy key notes 3908:. Poorest Areas Civil Society. Archived from 3704:Indian History, World Developments and Civics 3656:Indian History, World Developments and Civics 3527:Indian History, World Developments and Civics 3443:Indian History, World Developments and Civics 2694:Directive Principles of State Policy of India 2673: 783: 8: 3556:"Constituent Assembly of India – Volume VII" 2989:Also, the State shall endeavour to secure a 2873:has to keep them in mind in deciding cases. 860:Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and 3131:banking facilities in the rural areas. The 3098:to all children up to the age of 14 years. 2951:. The State shall endeavour to provide the 2377:Ambassadors and High Commissioners of India 4207:O'Flaharty, W.D.; J.D.M., Derrett (1981), 3550: 3548: 3222:Changes in Directive Principles require a 2680: 2666: 801: 790: 776: 31: 4092:Introduction to the constitution of India 3675:. Dr. Ambedkar Foundation. Archived from 3577: 3575: 3573: 3191:' peace-keeping activities. By 2004, the 1529:National Judicial Appointments Commission 3698: 3696: 3694: 3420:, the Government and legislature of the 3313:, which directs the state to strive for 2841:Principles provided under Article 36 to 2720:, and legal and administrative matters. 2024:Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu 3408: 3406: 3404: 3400: 815: 808:This article is part of a series on the 43: 2565:State Visits by Indian Prime Ministers 3037:, other milch and draught cattle per 2827:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 2752:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 2737:Directive Principles of Social Policy 2057:Proposed states and union territories 7: 3702:Tayal, B.B. & Jacob, A. (2005), 3654:Tayal, B.B. & Jacob, A. (2005), 3525:Tayal, B.B. & Jacob, A. (2005), 3441:Tayal, B.B. & Jacob, A. (2005), 3299:, which directs the state to secure 3285:, which directs the state to secure 2888:by securing a social order in which 18:Part IV of the Constitution of India 4123:, New Delhi: S. Chand and Company, 4094:, New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India 4085:, New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India 3459:. New Delhi: S. Chand and Company. 3424:. To avoid confusion with the term 3315:Promotion of co-operative societies 4026:Ranjan, Brajesh (25 August 2016). 1327:Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita 25: 3100:The 86th constitutional amendment 2138:Lieutenant Governor/Administrator 1534:National Legal Services Authority 1243:Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs 3343:Forty-second Amendment Act, 1976 3305:Forty-second Amendment Act, 1976 3291:Forty-second Amendment Act, 1976 3287:Equal justice and free legal aid 3277:Forty-fourth Amendment Act, 1978 2640: 51: 4181:Tayal, B.B.; Jacob, A. (2005), 4112:Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India 3864:Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana 3426:states and territories of India 3259:Minerva Mills v. Union of India 3208:prompt rendering of the justice 3148:Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana 3139:Consumer Protection Act of 1986 2935:. The State shall provide free 4193:: Avichal Publishing Company, 1: 4083:Shorter constitution of India 2799:Constituent Assembly of India 2619:Pan-African e-Network project 726:Constituent Assembly of India 4115:; AIR 1978 S.C. 597, (1978). 3719:Prevention of Atrocities Act 3620:"ICL - India - Constitution" 3212:Preamble to the constitution 3162:states and Union territories 3125:Prevention of Atrocities Act 2304:Ministry of External Affairs 1840:States and union territories 1515:Additional Solicitor General 3975:"Indian and United Nations" 3948:. p. 2. Archived from 3758:"Banking Policy and Trends" 3370:Fundamental Rights in India 3352:Seventh Amendment Act, 1956 3234:of the house – whether the 3187:and has also supported the 3152:Panchayati Raj institutions 2786:, committing themselves to 2085:Community Development Block 1661:Vice Presidential elections 1566:Chief Election Commissioner 1455:Ministry of Law and Justice 1332:Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 862:Fundamental Duties of India 4251: 4053:"Press Information Bureau" 3251:42nd Amendment Act of 1976 731:Constitution bench (India) 4001:"Rule of law index, 2016" 3902:"Panchayati Raj in India" 3673:ambedkarfoundation.nic.in 1604:State Election Commission 1372:Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud 4090:Basu, Durga Das (1993), 4081:Basu, Durga Das (1988), 3931:73rd Amendment Act, 1992 3746:40th Amendment Act, 1976 3644:42nd Amendment Act, 1976 3582:86th Amendment Act, 2002 3540:Social Science – Part II 3329:86th Amendment Act, 2002 3224:Constitutional amendment 3047:42nd Amendment Act, 1976 3003:86th Amendment Act, 2002 2920:equal pay for equal work 2815:Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel 2772:Indian National Congress 2733:Irish Home Rule Movement 1831:Administrative divisions 1747:State Assembly elections 1205:Leader of the Opposition 1099:Leader of the Opposition 855:Basic structure doctrine 756:Basic structure doctrine 2929:exploitation of workers 1442:Pendency of court cases 1341:Code of Civil Procedure 1322:Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 1174:Harivansh Narayan Singh 949:Prime Minister of India 927:Vice President of India 3830:Equal Remuneration Act 3669:"Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar" 3350:, was modified by the 3160:now covers almost all 3144:Equal Remuneration Act 2908: 2807:Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar 2368:Diplomatic missions of 1634:Presidential elections 1548:Elections and Politics 1350:Supreme Court of India 832: 4235:Constitution of India 3015:other weaker sections 2993:for all citizens per 2886:welfare of the people 2778:and the abolition of 2701:which are related to 2570:State Visits to India 2244:Municipal Corporation 2162:Deputy Chief Minister 1720:Rajya Sabha elections 1583:Election Commissioner 831: 45:Constitution of India 4121:India's constitution 4119:Pylee, M.V. (1999), 3727:. Human Rights Watch 3457:India's Constitution 3455:Pylee, M.V. (1999). 3085:Directive Principles 2745:Revolutionary France 2588:Sino-Indian Disputes 2551:Foreign aid by India 2546:Extradition Treaties 2480:Non-Aligned Movement 2394:Overseas Citizenship 2236:Municipal Governance 2195:Legislative Assembly 2095:Urban Agglomerations 2065:Autonomous Divisions 1789:National coalitions 1596:Sukhbir Singh Sandhu 3624:www.servat.unibe.ch 3418:Parliament of India 3414:Government of India 3390:Writs in Indian law 3380:Parliament of India 3375:Government of India 3354:of the Constitution 3341:, was added by the 3327:, was added by the 3307:of the Constitution 3303:, was added by the 3293:of the Constitution 3289:, was added by the 3279:of the Constitution 3275:, was added by the 3017:of the society per 2912:economic inequality 2803:Dr. Rajendra Prasad 2792:Gandhian philosophy 2731:, particularly the 2593:Disputes with Nepal 2583:Indo-Pakistani Wars 2338:Kirti Vardhan Singh 2212:Official Opposition 2190:Legislative Council 2014:Andaman and Nicobar 1688:Lok Sabha elections 1557:Election Commission 1314:Indian criminal law 1235:Pramod Chandra Mody 1191:Jagat Prakash Nadda 1183:Leader of the House 1077:Leader of the House 4106:, Delhi: kpsc home 4032:The Times of India 3955:on 5 February 2007 3765:indiabudget.nic.in 3558:. 19 November 1948 3529:, pg. A-39 to A-40 3480:Gandhi, Rajmohan. 3255:Fundamental Rights 2991:uniform civil code 2976:cottage industries 2972:working conditions 2867:executive agencies 2835:Drafting Committee 2729:History of Ireland 2360:Vinay Mohan Kwatra 2343:Pabitra Margherita 2271:District Panchayat 2090:Metropolitan Areas 1213:Mallikarjun Kharge 905:President of India 882:Uniform Civil Code 833: 761:Uniform civil code 3796:Minimum Wages Act 3432:is in lower case. 3249:, amended by the 3232:absolute majority 3174:Jammu and Kashmir 3134:Minimum Wages Act 2690: 2689: 2417:Foreign Relations 2409:Visa requirements 2352:Foreign Secretary 2330:Minister of State 2295:Foreign Relations 2034:Jammu and Kashmir 2006:Union territories 1867:Arunachal Pradesh 1805:Political parties 1625:Electronic voting 1620:Electoral College 1498:Solicitor General 1472:Arjun Ram Meghwal 1296:Law and Judiciary 1277:Arjun Ram Meghwal 1269:Minister of State 1227:Secretary General 1128:Utpal Kumar Singh 1121:Secretary General 971:Cabinet secretary 822: 819:Politics of India 800: 799: 16:(Redirected from 4242: 4211: 4203: 4191:Himachal Pradesh 4177: 4155: 4133: 4107: 4100:Laski, kpsc home 4095: 4086: 4068: 4067: 4065: 4063: 4049: 4043: 4042: 4040: 4038: 4023: 4017: 4016: 4014: 4012: 4007:on 29 April 2015 4003:. Archived from 3997: 3991: 3990: 3988: 3986: 3971: 3965: 3964: 3962: 3960: 3954: 3947: 3939: 3933: 3928: 3922: 3921: 3919: 3917: 3898: 3892: 3891: 3889: 3887: 3881: 3870: 3858: 3852: 3851: 3849: 3847: 3842:on 22 March 2006 3838:. Archived from 3836:indialawinfo.com 3824: 3818: 3817: 3815: 3813: 3804:. Archived from 3790: 3784: 3783: 3781: 3779: 3773: 3762: 3754: 3748: 3743: 3737: 3736: 3734: 3732: 3713: 3707: 3700: 3689: 3688: 3686: 3684: 3665: 3659: 3652: 3646: 3641: 3635: 3634: 3632: 3630: 3616: 3610: 3609: 3607: 3605: 3599:www.india.gov.in 3591: 3585: 3579: 3568: 3567: 3565: 3563: 3552: 3543: 3536: 3530: 3523: 3517: 3516: 3514: 3512: 3492: 3486: 3485: 3477: 3471: 3470: 3452: 3446: 3439: 3433: 3410: 3337:, which ensures 3323:, which ensures 3197:Security Council 3113:scheduled tribes 3109:scheduled castes 3011:scheduled tribes 3007:scheduled castes 2823:General Assembly 2811:Jawaharlal Nehru 2763:Nehru Commission 2713:economic welfare 2682: 2675: 2668: 2647:India portal 2645: 2644: 2643: 2614:Look East policy 2578:Kashmir Conflict 2313:Cabinet Minister 2296: 2227:Local Government 2110: 1902:Himachal Pradesh 1832: 1810:National parties 1549: 1489:R. Venkataramani 1481:Attorney-General 1297: 1252:Cabinet Minister 1157:Jagdeep Dhankhar 1021: 935:Jagdeep Dhankhar 897: 843: 820: 816: 809: 802: 792: 785: 778: 55: 32: 21: 4250: 4249: 4245: 4244: 4243: 4241: 4240: 4239: 4225: 4224: 4223: 4206: 4201: 4180: 4175: 4158: 4153: 4136: 4131: 4118: 4098: 4089: 4080: 4076: 4071: 4061: 4059: 4051: 4050: 4046: 4036: 4034: 4025: 4024: 4020: 4010: 4008: 3999: 3998: 3994: 3984: 3982: 3973: 3972: 3968: 3958: 3956: 3952: 3945: 3941: 3940: 3936: 3929: 3925: 3915: 3913: 3912:on 30 July 2007 3906:empowerpoor.org 3900: 3899: 3895: 3885: 3883: 3879: 3868: 3860: 3859: 3855: 3845: 3843: 3826: 3825: 3821: 3811: 3809: 3808:on 15 June 2006 3802:helplinelaw.com 3792: 3791: 3787: 3777: 3775: 3771: 3760: 3756: 3755: 3751: 3744: 3740: 3730: 3728: 3715: 3714: 3710: 3701: 3692: 3682: 3680: 3667: 3666: 3662: 3653: 3649: 3642: 3638: 3628: 3626: 3618: 3617: 3613: 3603: 3601: 3593: 3592: 3588: 3580: 3571: 3561: 3559: 3554: 3553: 3546: 3537: 3533: 3524: 3520: 3510: 3508: 3494: 3493: 3489: 3479: 3478: 3474: 3467: 3454: 3453: 3449: 3440: 3436: 3422:states of India 3411: 3402: 3398: 3361: 3273:Articles 38 (2) 3220: 3092:five-year plans 3077: 2882: 2865:. Besides, all 2851: 2849:Characteristics 2686: 2657: 2653:Other countries 2641: 2639: 2634: 2633: 2603: 2574: 2532: 2528:Pacific Islands 2504: 2419: 2389:Nationality law 2385: 2364: 2347: 2325: 2306: 2298: 2294: 2286: 2285: 2276:Block Panchayat 2258: 2229: 2184: 2120: 2112: 2108: 2100: 2099: 2061: 2053: 2001: 1847: 1834: 1830: 1822: 1821: 1786: 1742: 1715: 1683: 1656: 1629: 1614: 1600: 1578: 1559: 1551: 1547: 1539: 1538: 1520: 1510: 1493: 1476: 1457: 1447:Other tribunals 1437:Nyaya Panchayat 1389: 1385:Bar Association 1376: 1352: 1336: 1307: 1299: 1295: 1287: 1286: 1264: 1245: 1222: 1200: 1178: 1161: 1142: 1116: 1094: 1072: 1055: 1036: 1023: 1019: 1011: 1010: 983: 966: 944: 922: 899: 895: 887: 886: 872:Judicial review 861: 845: 841: 818: 807: 796: 767: 766: 765: 751:Judicial review 746:Concurrent List 720: 712: 711: 282: 272: 271: 250: 240: 239: 227: 211: 190: 180: 179: 175: 143: 107: 74: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4248: 4246: 4238: 4237: 4227: 4226: 4222: 4221: 4214:Article 29 of 4212: 4204: 4199: 4178: 4173: 4156: 4151: 4134: 4129: 4116: 4108: 4096: 4087: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4069: 4044: 4018: 3992: 3966: 3934: 3923: 3893: 3882:on 1 July 2007 3853: 3819: 3785: 3774:on 1 July 2007 3749: 3738: 3708: 3690: 3660: 3647: 3636: 3611: 3586: 3569: 3544: 3531: 3518: 3505:Rediffmail.com 3487: 3484:. p. 206. 3472: 3465: 3447: 3434: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3393: 3392: 3387: 3382: 3377: 3372: 3367: 3360: 3357: 3356: 3355: 3345: 3332: 3318: 3308: 3294: 3280: 3270: 3219: 3216: 3204:Article 38 (1) 3189:United Nations 3158:Panchayati Raj 3076: 3075:Implementation 3073: 2916:Article 38 (2) 2898:Article 38 (1) 2881: 2878: 2850: 2847: 2820:United Nations 2780:untouchability 2749:United Nations 2743:proclaimed by 2717:foreign policy 2688: 2687: 2685: 2684: 2677: 2670: 2662: 2659: 2658: 2656: 2655: 2649: 2636: 2635: 2632: 2631: 2626: 2621: 2616: 2611: 2605: 2604: 2601:Foreign Policy 2599: 2596: 2595: 2590: 2585: 2580: 2573: 2572: 2567: 2562: 2557: 2548: 2543: 2538: 2531: 2530: 2525: 2520: 2518:European Union 2515: 2510: 2503: 2502: 2497: 2495:United Nations 2492: 2487: 2482: 2477: 2472: 2467: 2462: 2457: 2452: 2447: 2442: 2437: 2432: 2427: 2421: 2420: 2415: 2412: 2411: 2406: 2401: 2396: 2391: 2384: 2383: 2374: 2363: 2362: 2356: 2355: 2346: 2345: 2340: 2334: 2333: 2324: 2323: 2317: 2316: 2308: 2307: 2302: 2299: 2292: 2291: 2288: 2287: 2284: 2283: 2281:Gram Panchayat 2278: 2273: 2267: 2266: 2263:Panchayati Raj 2257: 2256: 2254:Town Panchayat 2251: 2246: 2240: 2239: 2231: 2230: 2225: 2222: 2221: 2220: 2219: 2209: 2208: 2207: 2197: 2192: 2186: 2185: 2180: 2177: 2176: 2171: 2170: 2169: 2159: 2158: 2157: 2150:Chief Minister 2147: 2146: 2145: 2135: 2134: 2133: 2122: 2121: 2116: 2113: 2106: 2105: 2102: 2101: 2098: 2097: 2092: 2087: 2082: 2077: 2072: 2067: 2060: 2059: 2052: 2051: 2046: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2026: 2021: 2016: 2010: 2009: 2000: 1999: 1994: 1989: 1984: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1964: 1959: 1954: 1949: 1944: 1939: 1934: 1929: 1924: 1922:Madhya Pradesh 1919: 1914: 1909: 1904: 1899: 1894: 1889: 1884: 1879: 1874: 1869: 1864: 1862:Andhra Pradesh 1858: 1857: 1849: 1848: 1838: 1835: 1828: 1827: 1824: 1823: 1820: 1819: 1818: 1817: 1812: 1802: 1801: 1800: 1795: 1785: 1784: 1777: 1772: 1767: 1762: 1757: 1751: 1750: 1741: 1740: 1735: 1730: 1724: 1723: 1714: 1713: 1708: 1703: 1697: 1696: 1692:Constituencies 1682: 1681: 1676: 1671: 1665: 1664: 1655: 1654: 1649: 1644: 1638: 1637: 1628: 1627: 1622: 1616: 1615: 1610: 1607: 1606: 1599: 1598: 1593: 1587: 1586: 1577: 1576: 1570: 1569: 1561: 1560: 1555: 1552: 1545: 1544: 1541: 1540: 1537: 1536: 1531: 1526: 1524:Law Commission 1519: 1518: 1509: 1508: 1502: 1501: 1492: 1491: 1485: 1484: 1475: 1474: 1468: 1467: 1459: 1458: 1453: 1450: 1449: 1444: 1439: 1434: 1429: 1428: 1427: 1422: 1420:Chief Justices 1412: 1410:Gram Nyayalaya 1407: 1406: 1405: 1398:District Court 1395: 1388: 1387: 1382: 1375: 1374: 1368: 1367: 1354: 1353: 1348: 1345: 1344: 1335: 1334: 1329: 1324: 1318: 1317: 1309: 1308: 1303: 1300: 1293: 1292: 1289: 1288: 1285: 1284: 1279: 1273: 1272: 1263: 1262: 1256: 1255: 1247: 1246: 1241: 1238: 1237: 1231: 1230: 1221: 1220: 1209: 1208: 1199: 1198: 1187: 1186: 1177: 1176: 1170: 1169: 1166:Deputy Speaker 1160: 1159: 1153: 1152: 1144: 1143: 1133: 1130: 1129: 1125: 1124: 1115: 1114: 1103: 1102: 1093: 1092: 1081: 1080: 1071: 1070: 1064: 1063: 1060:Deputy Speaker 1054: 1053: 1047: 1046: 1038: 1037: 1027: 1024: 1017: 1016: 1013: 1012: 1009: 1008: 1007: 1006: 996: 995: 994: 982: 981: 975: 974: 965: 964: 953: 952: 943: 942: 931: 930: 921: 920: 913:Droupadi Murmu 909: 908: 900: 893: 892: 889: 888: 885: 884: 879: 874: 869: 864: 857: 852: 846: 839: 838: 835: 834: 824: 823: 813: 812: 798: 797: 795: 794: 787: 780: 772: 769: 768: 764: 763: 758: 753: 748: 743: 738: 733: 728: 722: 721: 719:Related topics 718: 717: 714: 713: 283: 278: 277: 274: 273: 251: 246: 245: 242: 241: 191: 186: 185: 182: 181: 75: 70: 69: 66: 65: 57: 56: 48: 47: 41: 40: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4247: 4236: 4233: 4232: 4230: 4219: 4218: 4213: 4210: 4205: 4202: 4200:81-7739-096-1 4196: 4192: 4188: 4184: 4179: 4176: 4174:81-7450-373-0 4170: 4166: 4163:, New Delhi: 4162: 4157: 4154: 4152:81-7450-351-X 4148: 4144: 4141:, New Delhi: 4140: 4135: 4132: 4130:81-219-1907-X 4126: 4122: 4117: 4114: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4088: 4084: 4079: 4078: 4073: 4058: 4054: 4048: 4045: 4033: 4029: 4022: 4019: 4006: 4002: 3996: 3993: 3981:on 4 May 2006 3980: 3976: 3970: 3967: 3951: 3944: 3938: 3935: 3932: 3927: 3924: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3897: 3894: 3878: 3874: 3867: 3865: 3857: 3854: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3831: 3823: 3820: 3807: 3803: 3799: 3797: 3789: 3786: 3770: 3766: 3759: 3753: 3750: 3747: 3742: 3739: 3726: 3722: 3720: 3712: 3709: 3705: 3699: 3697: 3695: 3691: 3679:on 5 May 2006 3678: 3674: 3670: 3664: 3661: 3657: 3651: 3648: 3645: 3640: 3637: 3625: 3621: 3615: 3612: 3600: 3596: 3590: 3587: 3583: 3578: 3576: 3574: 3570: 3557: 3551: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3535: 3532: 3528: 3522: 3519: 3507: 3506: 3501: 3497: 3491: 3488: 3483: 3482:Patel: A Life 3476: 3473: 3468: 3466:81-219-1907-X 3462: 3458: 3451: 3448: 3444: 3438: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3409: 3407: 3405: 3401: 3395: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3373: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3363: 3362: 3358: 3353: 3349: 3346: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3333: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3319: 3316: 3312: 3309: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3295: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3281: 3278: 3274: 3271: 3268: 3264: 3263:Supreme Court 3260: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3245: 3244: 3243: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3217: 3215: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3200: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3181: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3140: 3136: 3135: 3128: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3117:B.R. Ambedkar 3114: 3110: 3106: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3088: 3086: 3082: 3074: 3072: 3069: 3066: 3061: 3059: 3055: 3050: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3022: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2987: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2968: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2953:right to work 2950: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2907: 2906: 2901: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2879: 2877: 2874: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2855:welfare state 2848: 2846: 2844: 2838: 2836: 2830: 2828: 2824: 2821: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2795: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2768: 2764: 2761:In 1928, the 2759: 2755: 2753: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2725: 2721: 2719: 2718: 2714: 2709: 2708: 2705: 2700: 2695: 2683: 2678: 2676: 2671: 2669: 2664: 2663: 2661: 2660: 2654: 2651: 2650: 2648: 2638: 2637: 2630: 2629:Narendra Modi 2627: 2625: 2624:Indira Gandhi 2622: 2620: 2617: 2615: 2612: 2610: 2607: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2597: 2594: 2591: 2589: 2586: 2584: 2581: 2579: 2576: 2575: 2571: 2568: 2566: 2563: 2561: 2558: 2556: 2552: 2549: 2547: 2544: 2542: 2539: 2537: 2534: 2533: 2529: 2526: 2524: 2523:Latin America 2521: 2519: 2516: 2514: 2511: 2509: 2506: 2505: 2501: 2498: 2496: 2493: 2491: 2488: 2486: 2483: 2481: 2478: 2476: 2473: 2471: 2468: 2466: 2463: 2461: 2458: 2456: 2453: 2451: 2448: 2446: 2443: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2433: 2431: 2428: 2426: 2423: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2413: 2410: 2407: 2405: 2402: 2400: 2397: 2395: 2392: 2390: 2387: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2375: 2373: 2369: 2366: 2365: 2361: 2358: 2357: 2354: 2353: 2349: 2348: 2344: 2341: 2339: 2336: 2335: 2332: 2331: 2327: 2326: 2322: 2321:S. Jaishankar 2319: 2318: 2315: 2314: 2310: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2300: 2297: 2290: 2289: 2282: 2279: 2277: 2274: 2272: 2269: 2268: 2265: 2264: 2260: 2259: 2255: 2252: 2250: 2247: 2245: 2242: 2241: 2238: 2237: 2233: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2223: 2218: 2215: 2214: 2213: 2210: 2206: 2203: 2202: 2201: 2198: 2196: 2193: 2191: 2188: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2178: 2175: 2172: 2168: 2165: 2164: 2163: 2160: 2156: 2153: 2152: 2151: 2148: 2144: 2141: 2140: 2139: 2136: 2132: 2129: 2128: 2127: 2124: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2114: 2111: 2104: 2103: 2096: 2093: 2091: 2088: 2086: 2083: 2081: 2080:Sub-districts 2078: 2076: 2073: 2071: 2068: 2066: 2063: 2062: 2058: 2055: 2054: 2050: 2047: 2045: 2042: 2040: 2037: 2035: 2032: 2030: 2027: 2025: 2022: 2020: 2017: 2015: 2012: 2011: 2008: 2007: 2003: 2002: 1998: 1995: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1987:Uttar Pradesh 1985: 1983: 1980: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1970: 1968: 1965: 1963: 1960: 1958: 1955: 1953: 1950: 1948: 1945: 1943: 1940: 1938: 1935: 1933: 1930: 1928: 1925: 1923: 1920: 1918: 1915: 1913: 1910: 1908: 1905: 1903: 1900: 1898: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1888: 1885: 1883: 1880: 1878: 1875: 1873: 1870: 1868: 1865: 1863: 1860: 1859: 1856: 1855: 1851: 1850: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1836: 1833: 1826: 1825: 1816: 1815:State parties 1813: 1811: 1808: 1807: 1806: 1803: 1799: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1790: 1788: 1787: 1783: 1782: 1778: 1776: 1773: 1771: 1768: 1766: 1763: 1761: 1758: 1756: 1753: 1752: 1749: 1748: 1744: 1743: 1739: 1736: 1734: 1731: 1729: 1726: 1725: 1722: 1721: 1717: 1716: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1704: 1702: 1699: 1698: 1695: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1684: 1680: 1677: 1675: 1672: 1670: 1667: 1666: 1663: 1662: 1658: 1657: 1653: 1650: 1648: 1645: 1643: 1640: 1639: 1636: 1635: 1631: 1630: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1618: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1608: 1605: 1602: 1601: 1597: 1594: 1592: 1591:Gyanesh Kumar 1589: 1588: 1585: 1584: 1580: 1579: 1575: 1572: 1571: 1568: 1567: 1563: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1553: 1550: 1543: 1542: 1535: 1532: 1530: 1527: 1525: 1522: 1521: 1517: 1516: 1512: 1511: 1507: 1504: 1503: 1500: 1499: 1495: 1494: 1490: 1487: 1486: 1483: 1482: 1478: 1477: 1473: 1470: 1469: 1466: 1465: 1461: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1451: 1448: 1445: 1443: 1440: 1438: 1435: 1433: 1430: 1426: 1423: 1421: 1418: 1417: 1416: 1413: 1411: 1408: 1404: 1401: 1400: 1399: 1396: 1394: 1391: 1390: 1386: 1383: 1381: 1378: 1377: 1373: 1370: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1360: 1359:Chief Justice 1356: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1346: 1343: 1342: 1338: 1337: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1325: 1323: 1320: 1319: 1316: 1315: 1311: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1301: 1298: 1291: 1290: 1283: 1280: 1278: 1275: 1274: 1271: 1270: 1266: 1265: 1261: 1258: 1257: 1254: 1253: 1249: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1239: 1236: 1233: 1232: 1229: 1228: 1224: 1223: 1218: 1214: 1211: 1210: 1207: 1206: 1202: 1201: 1196: 1192: 1189: 1188: 1185: 1184: 1180: 1179: 1175: 1172: 1171: 1168: 1167: 1163: 1162: 1158: 1155: 1154: 1151: 1150: 1146: 1145: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1131: 1127: 1126: 1123: 1122: 1118: 1117: 1112: 1108: 1105: 1104: 1101: 1100: 1096: 1095: 1090: 1086: 1085:Narendra Modi 1083: 1082: 1079: 1078: 1074: 1073: 1069: 1066: 1065: 1062: 1061: 1057: 1056: 1052: 1049: 1048: 1045: 1044: 1040: 1039: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1025: 1022: 1015: 1014: 1005: 1002: 1001: 1000: 997: 993: 990: 989: 988: 985: 984: 980: 977: 976: 973: 972: 968: 967: 962: 958: 957:Narendra Modi 955: 954: 951: 950: 946: 945: 940: 936: 933: 932: 929: 928: 924: 923: 918: 914: 911: 910: 907: 906: 902: 901: 898: 891: 890: 883: 880: 878: 875: 873: 870: 868: 865: 863: 858: 856: 853: 851: 848: 847: 844: 837: 836: 830: 826: 825: 821: 814: 811: 810: 804: 803: 793: 788: 786: 781: 779: 774: 773: 771: 770: 762: 759: 757: 754: 752: 749: 747: 744: 742: 739: 737: 734: 732: 729: 727: 724: 723: 716: 715: 710: 706: 702: 698: 694: 690: 686: 682: 678: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 642: 638: 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 594: 590: 586: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 558: 554: 550: 546: 542: 538: 534: 530: 526: 522: 518: 514: 510: 506: 502: 498: 494: 490: 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 370: 366: 362: 358: 354: 350: 346: 342: 338: 334: 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 310: 306: 302: 298: 294: 290: 286: 281: 276: 275: 270: 266: 262: 258: 254: 249: 244: 243: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 198: 194: 189: 184: 183: 178: 174: 170: 166: 162: 158: 154: 150: 146: 142: 138: 134: 130: 126: 122: 118: 114: 110: 106: 102: 98: 94: 90: 86: 82: 78: 73: 68: 67: 64: 63: 59: 58: 54: 50: 49: 46: 42: 38: 34: 33: 30: 19: 4216: 4208: 4182: 4160: 4138: 4120: 4110: 4103: 4091: 4082: 4060:. 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Retrieved 3503: 3490: 3481: 3475: 3456: 3450: 3442: 3437: 3347: 3338: 3334: 3324: 3320: 3314: 3311:Articles 43B 3310: 3300: 3297:Articles 43A 3296: 3286: 3283:Articles 39A 3282: 3272: 3247:Article 31-C 3246: 3221: 3201: 3182: 3156: 3147: 3143: 3133: 3129: 3089: 3084: 3078: 3070: 3062: 3051: 3023: 2988: 2969: 2957:to education 2909: 2904: 2903: 2883: 2875: 2852: 2839: 2831: 2825:adopted the 2796: 2776:minimum wage 2760: 2756: 2726: 2722: 2710: 2706: 2703: 2693: 2691: 2445:Commonwealth 2350: 2328: 2311: 2261: 2249:Municipality 2234: 2004: 1882:Chhattisgarh 1852: 1780: 1745: 1718: 1686: 1659: 1632: 1581: 1564: 1513: 1506:Tushar Mehta 1496: 1479: 1462: 1357: 1339: 1312: 1305:Law of India 1267: 1260:Kiren Rijiju 1250: 1225: 1203: 1181: 1164: 1147: 1119: 1107:Rahul Gandhi 1097: 1075: 1067: 1058: 1041: 969: 947: 925: 903: 867:Human rights 842:Constitution 805: 60: 29: 4185:, District 3604:13 February 3348:Articles 49 3335:Article 48A 3267:ultra vires 3240:Rajya Sabha 3193:Indian Army 3103:and girls' 3081:Article 245 3043:Article 48A 2984:Article 43A 2941:Article 39A 2925:Child abuse 2404:Visa policy 2182:Legislative 2044:Lakshadweep 1997:West Bengal 1992:Uttarakhand 1927:Maharashtra 1574:Rajiv Kumar 1393:Bar Council 1135:Rajya Sabha 1004:Secretaries 999:Departments 979:Rajiv Gauba 4074:References 4057:pib.nic.in 3706:, pg. A-45 3658:, pg. A-44 3445:, pg. A-39 3321:Article 45 3228:Parliament 3218:Amendments 3185:aggression 3065:Article 51 3058:Article 50 3054:Article 49 3039:Article 48 3027:Article 47 3019:Article 46 2999:Article 45 2995:Article 44 2980:Article 43 2965:Article 42 2961:Article 41 2949:Article 40 2945:panchayats 2933:Article 39 2880:Directives 2863:Article 37 2843:Article 51 2174:Ministries 2109:Federalism 2049:Puducherry 2019:Chandigarh 1972:Tamil Nadu 1432:Lok Adalat 1415:High Court 1282:L. 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Index

Part IV of the Constitution of India
a series
Constitution of India

Preamble
Parts
I
II
III
IV
IVA
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
IXA
IXB
X
XI
XII
XIII
XIV
XIVA
XV
XVI
XVII
XVIII
XIX
XX

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