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205:, who was supposed to contribute financially and become part-owner. This process, however, proved too slow for the Dutch, and they decided to finance and build it themselves. Local tradition holds that a Dutch ship, stranded in 1606, found aid among a group of expatriate Muslims, and thus began a trade partnership.
208:
Within one month of completion, the fort came under attack from a local chieftain, Etheraja. After he was repulsed, the
Portuguese attacked the fort from both land and sea but were fought off. The Dutch formed an alliance with the local traders and the Portuguese were kept at bay. The fort, which was
215:
in 1618 with 130 Dutch soldiers and 32 guns, became a focal point in the local turmoil and provided refuge to people from the
Portuguese colonies. In 1619, the chief at Fort Geldria was accorded the title of Governor and Extraordinary Councillor of the Indies. In the second half of the seventeenth
235:
When the director's seat moved, the fort was left with 18 guns and 40 men. The fort was restored in 1714, and was occupied by the
British from 1781 to 1785. Fort Geldria's success as a trading post seems unaffected by the changes of power. In 1786, for instance,
158:, the native province of Wemmer van Berchem, the General Director of the company. Regularly protected by a garrison of 80 to 90 men, Fort Geldria was the only fortification in the Indian empire; all other positions of the Dutch Company were trading posts.
292:. Plans to restore the fort involve a cooperation between Dutch architects and scholars and the Tamil Nadu government, with financial help from the Dutch and Indian governments. The plans propose a restoration of the
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Historiesch verhaal: Van het begin, voortgang en teegenwoordigen staat der koophandel, van de
Generaale Nederlandsche geoctroyeerde Oost-Indische compagnie
280:. In 1795, the Dutch surrendered the fort to the British and blew it up in 1804 or 1805, before finally giving ownership to the British on 1 June 1825.
194:. A Portuguese fort had existed previously on the spot, and Fort Geldria was built on its foundations, with the permission of Queen Oboyama, wife of
296:
eco-system of the area and of the remaining Dutch structures, including the well-preserved cemetery with 76 tombstones carved in the
Netherlands.
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fabrics) began to decline, due partly to competition with the
British but mostly as a result of the southward expansion of the
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The
British held the fort from 1825 until Indian independence. Fort Geldria is currently maintained by the
609:(in Dutch). Vol. 9–10. Amsterdam; Harlingen: Petrus Conradi; V. van der Plaats. 1786. pp. 145–46
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Nederlandsche reizen, tot bevordering van den koophandel, na de meest afgelegene gewesten des aardkloots
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of textiles. A 1792 description of Dutch trading posts in the East reports trade in
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The Anglo-Dutch Moment: Essays on the
Glorious Revolution and Its World Impact
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260:; there is a lively trade in cotton fabric and a flourishing industry in the
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in 1613 and became the local governmental centre in 1616. It was named for
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634:(in Dutch) (2 ed.). Amsterdam: Roos, Roos, and Vermandel. p. 85
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407:. South Asia. Vol. 3. University of Chicago Press. p. 1067.
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century, the fort's importance as a trading post (it dealt mainly in
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loaded with merchandise come in every month from places like
558:"The East-India Companies and the Revolution of 1688-9"
401:"The Downfall of Two Empires: Vijayanagar and Golconda"
631:
352:
European
Commercial Enterprise in Pre-colonial India
354:. The New Cambridge History of India. Vol. 2.
51:
37:
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405:Asia in the making of Europe: A Century of Advance
525:(in Dutch). Arnhem: W. Troost. 1772. p. 80
487:. Archived from the original on 26 August 2010
8:
556:Chaudhuri, K.N.; Jonathan I. Israel (2003).
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564:. Cambridge University Press. p. 418.
399:Lach, Donald F.; Edwin J. van Kley (1998).
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788:1613 establishments in the Dutch Empire
682:Sanjeeva Raj, P. J. (29 October 2004).
628:Huysers, Ary; Reinier de Klerk (1792).
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773:Archaeological monuments in Tamil Nadu
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479:Sanjeeva Raj, P.J. (19 October 2003).
758:1672 copper engraving of Fort Geldria
481:"... and a placid Pulicat experience"
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174:The fort was built on the shores of
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224:. By 1689, the government moved to
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656:Varghese, Nina (6 August 2001).
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560:. In Jonathan I. Israel (ed.).
178:, which provides access to the
18:Historic site in Chennai, India
721:The Cambridge history of India
290:Archaeological Survey of India
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718:James, Rapson Edward (2009).
684:"Ancient church on the shore"
113:Location in Tamil Nadu, India
793:1613 establishments in India
458:"Handelsposten: Coromandel"
248:and ships sail in from the
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726:Cambridge University Press
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358:. 1998. pp. 127–128.
356:Cambridge University Press
505:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
284:British, Indian ownership
170:Dutch cemetery in Pulicat
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152:Dutch East India Company
658:"Will Pulicat make it?"
142:'s first settlement in
460:(in Dutch). VOCsite.nl
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150:. It was built by the
138:, was the seat of the
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73:13.41944°N 80.31639°E
228:and subsequently to
196:Vijayanagara Emperor
778:Forts in Tamil Nadu
696:on 26 November 2004
320:"Madras Miscellany"
69: /
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78:13.41944; 80.31639
735:978-1-110-28441-2
571:978-0-521-54406-1
414:978-0-226-46767-2
365:978-0-521-25758-9
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176:Pulicat Lake
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24:Fort Geldria
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700:18 February
667:18 February
638:18 February
613:18 February
594:2009, p. 36
577:18 February
546:2009, p. 35
529:18 February
491:18 February
464:18 February
440:2009, p. 32
420:18 February
389:2009, p. 34
336:18 February
316:Muthiah, S.
272:, Japanese
201:, based in
76: /
52:Coordinates
767:Categories
712:References
226:Negapatnam
190:, and the
188:Portuguese
136:Tamil Nadu
64:80°18′59″E
61:13°25′10″N
689:The Hindu
501:cite news
485:The Hindu
374:489951836
325:The Hindu
242:Golkonda
238:caravans
182:and the
38:Location
294:wetland
258:Malabar
250:Red Sea
246:Suratte
192:British
156:Geldria
132:Pulicat
42:Chennai
744:875984
742:
732:
568:
411:
372:
362:
278:spices
276:, and
274:copper
270:arrack
262:dyeing
256:, and
230:Ceylon
218:cotton
592:James
544:James
438:James
387:James
300:Notes
266:sugar
144:India
46:India
740:OCLC
730:ISBN
702:2010
669:2010
640:2010
615:2010
579:2010
566:ISBN
531:2010
507:link
493:2010
466:2010
422:2010
409:ISBN
370:OCLC
360:ISBN
338:2010
244:and
254:Goa
126:or
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