1198:. The species are tolerant of salt-spray and poor soil, and have invaded many plant communities, suppressing the growth of native species. However, the trees are shallow-rooted and subject to uprooting in wind storms. In addition, stands of Australian pines on beaches have replaced deep-rooted plants, exposing beaches to erosion. The root systems also interfere with sea turtles digging nests above the high water mark on beaches. Australian pines are now considered an invasive pest, and have been generally banned in Florida Australian pines were well established on the islands in Fort De Soto Park. Removal of all Australian pines from the park is not considered feasible, but park management intended to reduce the number of trees. As of 2014, the park planned to remove about ten percent of the Australian pines in the park each year, starting with those closest to the shoreline. The
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fishing waters of lower Tampa Bay; for the sightseers, easy access to the ruins of historic Fort De Soto and the white-sand beaches facing the Gulf of Mexico. Secondly, establish a hotel and restaurant on the island. Roberts envisioned creating a venue on the island appealing to clubs, associations, and other organizations for group outings of members for fishing, sightseeing, and "dining on fried mullet".
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967:), was completed to the mainland, enabling island visitors to arrive by car. On December 21, 1962, Fort De Soto Park opened. On May 11, 1963, Fort De Soto Park was officially dedicated. Its facilities have been expanded over the years. The quartermaster storehouse was reconstructed to become the Quartermaster Storehouse Museum. On December 2, 1977, the Fort De Soto batteries were placed on the
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except for four 12-inch mortars of
Battery Laidley at Fort De Soto, which remained under caretaker status. The forts were meant to be reactivated and rearmed in time of war, but that never occurred. From 1929, the 637th Coast Artillery Regiment's mobilization assignment was the Coast Defenses of Tampa, but that unit was never initiated in the
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Mullet Key purchased by the county from the
Treasury department in 1938 for $ 12,500 will soon be taken over by the United States Army Air Corps for use as a bombing range. The Air Corps will pay the county all that has been expended to date and will pay to Capt. Charles R. Carter all he has expended
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Lodging and eating accommodations on the island were fashioned by renovating a building vacated by the
Quarantine Service in 1937. The facility at best was austere, but one who was tired and hungry could get a good night's sleep; plenty of coffee, a hearty serving of bacon and eggs for breakfast; any
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Following the Civil War, the Board of
Engineers for Fortifications recommended that the military reservation of Mullet Key be continued. The island was surveyed in 1876, and the military reservations of Egmont and Mullet keys were made permanent by executive proclamation in 1882. In 1885, interests
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off the north end of Mullet Key emerged as a new barrier island in the late 1970s. It was named South Bunces Key, and rapidly grew in size and became vegetated. The new island became attached to Mullet key at both ends. Storms eroded South Bunces Key in the early 21st century, with the remnants of
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of an assortment of sandwiches for lunch; and, a family style meal of fried mullet with all the trimmings for supper. A screened-in porch was there for those who just wanted to lean back, prop up the feet, enjoy a cool beverage, and relax. This facility became known familiarly as Mullet Key Lodge.
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In
November 1922, the Army announced it would de-activate both Forts De Soto and Dade. On 1 July 1924, the Harbor Defenses of Tampa were de-activated, designated as a subordinate installation of the Harbor Defenses of Pensacola, and reduced to caretaker status. By 1926, the forts had been disarmed
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Because waves and currents, and the occasional storm, are constantly reworking the sand that makes up a barrier island, the shape and area of Mullet Key varies over time. The five islands of the park, Mullet Key, Bonne
Fortune Key, Madelaine Key, St. Christopher Key, and St. Jean Key, had a total
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When the
Pinellas county commissioners leased the old Fort De Soto, and Mullet Key to Percy Roberts, they did a fine thing for the tourists by opening up the vast uninhabited reaches of Mullet Key and the old fort to exploration parties ... Today for a nominal fee, one can take a boat at Pinellas
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the island merging with Mullet Key. South Bunces Key disappeared by 2016, and the part of Mullet Key that was landward of South Bunces Key was being eroded. A new shoal in a similar location, named
Outback key, has formed in the past 5 years and recently connected to the main body of Mullet Key.
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Roberts, a native of St. Petersburg and local plumbing contractor, had a simple business plan. First, run a passenger boat to Mullet Key facilitating access to the isolated island. This service was expected to attract both fishermen and sightseers. For the fishermen, easy access to the pristine
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For transportation to the isolated island, the passenger boat Hobo was put into service. Hobo operated daily from the Bee Line Ferry
Terminal at St. Petersburg's Pinellas Point, pulling away from the dock early morning and leaving for the return trip late afternoon. Hobo was also available for
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had no need for Mullet Key, and it was a sold back to
Pinellas County along with adjacent islands Sister Key, Hospital Key, Rattlesnake Key, and Scratch Key. The sale, for $ 26,495.54, was finalized in 1948. County officials immediately designated Fort De Soto and all of Mullet Key a county
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The lessee will operate a daily boat service to the island and will serve fish dinners and rent fishing tackle. The distance from his dock near the Bee Line ferry will be 10 miles. He will land in a sheltered cove on the north end of the island. Trips will be started in about three
536:, which was constructed on Egmont Key. These posts were to contain batteries of artillery and mortars to protect Tampa Bay from any invading forces. Construction of Fort De Soto began in November 1898 and was completed in 1906. The foundation was constructed of a seashell
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Point, and go to Mullet Key, land at the old Quarantine dock, enjoy an old-fashioned fish dinner prepared in the same manner as the pioneers of 50 years ago, by the Roberts family, and explore miles of uninhabited beaches, bayous, and the old Spanish–American War fort ...
1150:. Over 328 species of birds have been documented at the park, with large areas of the North Beach protected for both the nesting of breeding birds, and the stopover of migratory birds. However, due to factors such as habitat loss and increased abundance of the
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and hurricanes severely damaged the buildings on the post. A few were destroyed, as was Battery Bigelow in 1932. The Army attempted to sell the post, but there was little interest. In September 1938, Pinellas County bought the areas on Mullet Key for $ 12,500.
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took over jurisdiction of the station in 1901. The duty of the station was to inspect aliens aboard ships arriving from foreign ports. By 1925, the station operated with fifteen buildings. The quarantine station operated until 1937, when the
1089:, that is, formed primarily by energy from waves approaching the island. The other arm of the island faces the entrance channel to Tampa Bay, and is tidal-dominated, that is, formed by energy from the tidal flow along the entrance channel.
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be fortified, and that other islands in the area be reserved for possible military use. Mullet Key was accordingly declared a military reservation later that year. There was no attempt to fortify the two islands before the start of the
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In less than two years, Mullet Key Lodge became well established and profitable. However, this first for-profit business founded on the island was short-lived. The lease, granted to Roberts in 1939, had to be rescinded because the
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chartered trips in between scheduled runs. "By boat" was not the only means of transportation to the island. A strip of land on the island was cleared in response to requests by some who wanted to fly small aircraft in and out.
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1085:. It is unusual for a barrier island in that it has two arms which are joined at a right angle. One arm faces the Gulf of Mexico, running from the Tampa Bay entrance channel north to Bunces Pass. This arm of the island is
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from the mainland. Historically, the islands were used for military fortifications; remnants and a museum exhibit this history. Two piers, beaches, picnic area, hiking trails, bicycling trails, kayak trail, and a ferry to
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With lease in hand and business plan formulated, and with the financial support of Charles R. Carter, a local insurance executive and president of the Bee Line Ferry Co., Roberts immediately began implementing his plan.
798:. On 16 November 1935, the Headquarters, Headquarters Battery, and the Medical Department Detachment of the Coast Defenses of Tampa were organized with Regular Army Inactive (Organized Reserve) personnel from the
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Shortly after Pinellas County purchased Mullet Key, county commissioners granted a lease to Percy L. Roberts for the use of land and buildings on the island the Mullet Key Quarantine Service had once used. The
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established a refugee camp on Egmont Key for Union sympathizers from west central Florida. A Union raid on Tampa in May 1864 searched for the equipment taken from the lighthouse, but could not find all of it.
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One of Fort De Soto Park's two 6-inch 40-caliber rapid-fire Armstrong guns. Originally located at Fort Dade on Egmont Key, the guns were refurbished and remounted for display at Fort De Soto in 1980.
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Roberts will pay the county $ 50 a month for the first year and $ 100 a month for the next two years for the lease of two buildings on the extreme south end of the county's property on the key.
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of Tampa Bay. Egmont Key Light was not lit during the war due to the Confederate removal of essential equipment, but the lighthouse served as an observation tower for the blockade. The
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of Battery Laidley. The battery originally had 8 of these guns, two in each "pit"; these guns are in Pit "A". These M 1890-MI breech-loading and rifled mortars, which were built by
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be extended to a terminal on Mullet Key serving ocean-going passenger ships. A request to sell Mullet Key, or to grant the railroad a right-of-way, was rejected by Secretary of War
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in improving the building into a fishing lodge. It is understood that Capt. Carter has an investment of about $ 8,000 while the county's total investment is about $ 13,800.
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Lease of Mullet Key buildings to Percy Roberts was ratified Monday by county commissioners who made no change in the tentative lease approved last week.
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Fort De Soto was active from 1898 to 1910. At least one company was present at Fort De Soto at all times and many times several units were present.
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recreational area and declared it open to the public. Soon thereafter excursion passenger boats began regularly scheduled trips to the island.
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In June 1941, the federal government bought back Mullet Key from Pinellas County for $ 18,404. As planned, It was turned into a sub-post of
1965:
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The main operation on Mullet Key was named Fort De Soto in 1900, in honor of Hernando de Soto. The Army post was officially a subpost of
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occupied the two islands by mid-July 1861. The close proximity of the islands to the main channel into Tampa Bay aided in the Union
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from about 1000 to 1500 ACE. They lived on Mullet Key and other barrier islands in the area, eating fish, clams, conch, oysters and
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were a constant problem and the post was very hot in the summers. In 1910, most of the Army troops were moved from Fort De Soto to
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briefly occupied Egmont and Mullet keys early in the Civil War, but soon withdrew to Tampa, after removing equipment from the
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in support of air bases then being constructed in the Tampa Bay area. That pending transaction was reported by the
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batteries, Batteries Laidley and Bigelow. The post consisted of 29 buildings. The post's features included a large
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Two swimming areas, North Beach and East Beach. North Beach has been named to "America's Top 10 Beaches" list by
960:
20:
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188:
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U.S. Army Order of Battle 1919-1941, Volume 2. The Arms: Cavalry, Field Artillery, and Coast Artillery, 1919-41
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U.S. Army Order of Battle 1919-1941, Volume 2. The Arms: Cavalry, Field Artillery, and Coast Artillery, 1919-41
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numerous times. In 2005 it moved to the first place in this list, being recognized as America's Best Beach.
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1990:
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Several thousand acres of firm-bottomed shallows, making the area a favored destination of wading anglers
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station on the eastern side of Mullet Key in 1889. It became known as Mullet Key Quarantine Station. The
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with kitchen, a bakery, and a storehouse. The site also had brick roads, concrete sidewalks, and a
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formula, and the walls and ceiling used a seashell, stone, and concrete mix. The fort contained
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392:. Their diet was supplemented by occasional game food as well as the plants they gathered.
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348:. The keys are connected by either bridge or causeway. The island group is accessible by
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land area of 970 acres (390 ha) in 1970, and of 1,140 acres (460 ha) in 2014.
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Blockaders, Refugees, & Contrabands: Civil War on Florida's Gulf Coast, 1861–1865
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As with many beach habitats in the region, also breeding in this park are endangered
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A "data booth" used to relay elevations and azimuths from observers to mortar crews
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at Fort De Soto are the only weapons of their type remaining in the United States.
1994:
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Fort De Soto Park is a hub for biodiversity, featuring various ecosystems such as
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8 miles (13 km) South of St. Petersburg, Mullet Key, Pinellas County, Florida
1802:"Pinellas County, Florida, Park & Conservation Resources - Fort De Soto Park"
427:
In 1849, a detachment of US Army engineers, including future Confederate General
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1573:. Tuscaloosa, Alabana: The University of Alabama Press. pp. 33, 72, 129.
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Two piers, each allowing fishing. Both have bait, tackle and food concessions.
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1937:"Fort De Soto Park and Mullet Key: Beach Processes, Management, and History"
1202:(FWC) began removing Australian pines from North Beach in the park in 2015.
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615:. In 1917, four of Fort De Soto's mortars were disassembled and shipped to
2051:
Military facilities on the National Register of Historic Places in Florida
1708:"Dr. Beach visits Fort De Soto's beaches, talks about his annual rankings"
580:
549:
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378:
2023:
Laboratory for Coastal Research & National Healthy Beaches Campaign
1930:(1): Article 3 – via University of South Florida Scholar Commons.
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investigated the barrier islands after his expedition landed between
1255:
The fortification for Battery Laidley; the data booth is on the left
415:, beginning what would culminate in the conquest of Florida for the
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reported the commission's action in its January 25, 1939, edition:
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force was at the post, usually with about twenty-two privates, two
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873:, included in his March 28, 1939, column, "Along the Waterfront":
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570:
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385:
1625:. Fort Leavenworth: Combat Studies Institute Press. p. 1029.
1610:. Fort Leavenworth: Combat Studies Institute Press. p. 1029.
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The area of today's Fort De Soto was originally inhabited by the
2066:
National Register of Historic Places in Pinellas County, Florida
1535:
Pinellas County Parks & Recreation / Friends of Fort De Soto
1935:
Collins, Jennifer; Middlekauff, Byron; Paxton, Charles (2014).
1118:
Protected shorebird staging area on the North Beach, including
1077:
Chart of Mullet Key and the other islands in Fort De Soto Park
1000:
Fort De Soto, built in 1898, abandoned in phases 1910 to 1948.
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species) were introduced into Florida after 1890 to serve as
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The Gulf Pier at Fort De Soto Park, one of two fishing piers.
493:
Two of Fort De Soto's remaining four 12-inch coastal defense
2016:
1999:
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The park is open year-round and has the following features:
943:
The bike path leading to Arrowhead Fishing and Camping Area.
2022:
1920:"Crossbows to Bombers: The Military History of Mullet Key"
568:
to aid in moving materials and supplies around the post.
1875:
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transferred its operations there to Gadsden Point, near
482:
Fortifications were not built on the islands until the
1650:
Allyn, Rubert (March 28, 1939) "Along the Waterfront"
1184:
Designated sea turtle nesting site on the North Beach.
1682:"Florida's Fort De Soto tops Dr. Beach's top-10 list"
2000:
Florida's Office of Cultural and Historical Programs
1890:"FWC removing Australian pine trees at Fort De Soto"
591:. Only a caretaker force remained; by 1914, only an
560:
and carpenter shop, an administration building, and
2086:
Former populated places in Pinellas County, Florida
1954:
Barrier Islands of the Florida Gulf Coast Peninsula
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156:
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73:
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1856:Florida Fish And Wildlife Conservation Commission
1777:"Outback Key Close to Connecting to Fort De Soto"
1200:Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
411:came ashore somewhere near the southern part of
892:decided it wanted the island back for use as a
68:One of the beaches of Fort De Soto Park (2012)
8:
1918:Addeo, Alicia; Moore, Bart (June 1, 1990).
1593:
1556:
1544:
1533:"Fort De Soto County Park: Historic Guide"
1527:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1519:
35:
1057:Paw Playground, an area to exercise pets.
431:surveyed the area. They recommended that
264:
239:
208:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
1876:Collins, Middlekauff & Paxton (2014)
1827:"Pinellas beaches: Sea turtles to hatch"
1748:Collins, Middlekauff & Paxton (2014)
1732:Collins, Middlekauff & Paxton (2014)
1283:Fort De Soto Historic Photograph Gallery
947:After World War II, the by then-renamed
938:
625:
2019:- A site dedicated to Fort De Soto Park
1491:
1287:
1209:
1023:Camping area with a camp store, modern
1500:"National Register Information System"
869:Rubert "Rube" Allyn, a writer for the
849:Osprey nesting at the top of the tower
599:remained at the post. Through most of
1763:
1751:
1735:
1480:Seacoast defense in the United States
983:Recreational activities and amenities
479:because of the military reservation.
216:Battery Laidley & Battery Bigelow
161:United States Army Corps of Engineers
7:
1995:National Register of Historic Places
1505:National Register of Historic Places
969:National Register of Historic Places
2106:Protected areas established in 1962
2091:Beaches of Pinellas County, Florida
2081:Museums in Pinellas County, Florida
2076:Military and war museums in Florida
841:The remains of an observation tower
360:The park is a gateway site for the
328:on five offshore keys, or islands:
1170:no longer breed in this location.
14:
2071:Florida in the American Civil War
2061:Parks in Pinellas County, Florida
1231:The main bike path to North Beach
2027:Florida International University
1888:Tomalin, Terry (June 11, 2015).
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1248:
1236:
1224:
1212:
263:
256:
238:
231:
62:
1680:Clark, Colleen (May 27, 2005).
1044:Seven-mile multi-purpose trail.
46:Endicott Period Coastal Defense
2101:1962 establishments in Florida
1952:Davis, Richard A. Jr. (2016).
764:3" Gun, Masking Pedestal Mount
747:3" Gun, Masking Pedestal Mount
730:3" Gun, Masking Pedestal Mount
395:In 1529, the Spanish explorer
291:
1:
1060:Ferry to Egmont Key, site of
692:6" Gun, Disappearing Carriage
272:Show map of the United States
1706:Cox, John (April 11, 2014).
546:12-inch coast defense mortar
362:Great Florida Birding Trail
16:County park in Florida, USA
2122:
1664:Staff (December 18, 1940)
1289:Birds of Fort De Soto Park
955:In 1962, a toll road, the
811:Conversion to civilian use
18:
1635:Staff (January 24, 1939)
1569:Buker, George E. (1993).
1440:Black-crowned night heron
931:throughout World War II.
310:
290:NRHP reference
225:
221:
214:
205:
198:
194:
61:
51:
43:
21:De Soto National Memorial
2005:Pinellas County listings
1991:Pinellas County listings
1621:Clay, Steven E. (2010).
1606:Clay, Steven E. (2010).
1594:Addeo & Moore (1990)
1557:Addeo & Moore (1990)
1545:Addeo & Moore (1990)
661:Partially disarmed 1921
627:Coast Defenses of Tampa
609:noncommissioned officers
55:Pinellas County, Florida
19:Not to be confused with
1158:), species such as the
518:Marine Hospital Service
318:St. Petersburg, Florida
95:27.615499°N 82.735902°W
2056:Ghost towns in Florida
2010:Fort De Soto Batteries
1941:The Florida Geographer
1806:www.pinellascounty.org
1385:Pelecanus occidentalis
1320:American oystercatcher
1269:Sunshine Skyway Bridge
1185:
1175:loggerhead sea turtles
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906:on December 18, 1940:
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802:at large. A number of
781:3" Gun, Pedestal Mount
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506:
324:is a park operated by
200:Fort De Soto Batteries
1956:. Sarasota, Florida:
1831:go.activecalendar.com
1510:National Park Service
1445:Nycticorax nycticorax
1183:
1164:black-whiskered vireo
1136:black-bellied plovers
1117:
1076:
1062:Egmont Key State Park
997:Various picnic areas.
977:6-inch Armstrong guns
973:12-inch M1890 mortars
942:
918:
908:
875:
848:
840:
824:
674:Disappearing Carriage
621:San Diego, California
613:commissioned officers
574:
566:narrow-gauge railroad
523:Public Health Service
492:
448:Egmont Key Lighthouse
355:Egmont Key State Park
344:and the main island,
100:27.615499; -82.735902
23:located south of the
1667:St. Petersburg Times
1653:St. Petersburg Times
1638:St. Petersburg Times
1365:Pluvialis squatarola
1360:Black-bellied plover
1325:Haematopus palliatus
1152:brown-headed cowbird
1047:2ÂĽ mile canoe trail.
949:U.S. Army Air Forces
903:St. Petersburg Times
871:St. Petersburg Times
819:St. Petersburg Times
503:Watervliet, New York
484:Spanish–American War
189:Spanish–American War
898:U.S. Army Air Corps
628:
510:Hillsborough County
473:Orange Belt Railway
407:. Ten years later,
405:Clearwater, Florida
338:St. Christopher Key
316:South-southwest of
247:Show map of Florida
179:Reinforced concrete
91: /
2096:Beaches of Florida
2036:100 Florida Trails
1188:Australian pines (
1186:
1140:
1079:
1006:Storehouse Museum.
945:
921:
851:
843:
626:
577:
507:
499:Watervliet Arsenal
471:proposed that the
460:United States Navy
444:Confederate forces
438:American Civil War
397:Pánfilo de Narváez
2032:Fort Desoto Trail
1924:Tampa Bay History
1878:, pp. 74–75.
1852:"Australian Pine"
1766:, pp. 66–68.
1738:, pp. 65–66.
1305:Egretta rufescens
1271:from Fort De Soto
890:US War Department
800:Fourth Corps Area
796:Organized Reserve
791:
790:
724:Battery Burchsted
703:Battery Burchsted
593:ordnance sergeant
342:Bonne Fortune Key
322:Fort De Soto Park
314:
313:
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1987:
1986:
1984:Official website
1971:
1967:978-1-56164-8085
1948:
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1559:, pp. 1, 3.
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1529:
1514:
1513:
1496:
1457:
1437:
1425:Bubo virginianus
1420:Great horned owl
1417:
1397:
1377:
1357:
1337:
1317:
1297:
1280:
1264:
1252:
1240:
1228:
1216:
1132:ruddy turnstones
1097:South Bunces Key
1081:Mullet Key is a
1041:at the old fort.
713:, Pedestal Mount
666:Battery McIntosh
629:
552:, a hospital, a
477:William Endicott
409:Hernando De Soto
382:Native Americans
306:December 2, 1977
293:
273:
267:
266:
260:
248:
242:
241:
235:
121:Site information
115:Seacoast defense
106:
105:
103:
102:
101:
96:
92:
89:
88:
87:
84:
66:
57:
36:
2121:
2120:
2116:
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2114:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2041:
2040:
1982:
1981:
1978:
1968:
1958:Pineapple Press
1951:
1934:
1917:
1914:
1909:
1908:
1898:
1896:
1894:Tampa Bay Times
1887:
1886:
1882:
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1849:
1845:
1835:
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1714:
1712:Tampa Bay Times
1705:
1704:
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1690:
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1517:
1512:. July 9, 2010.
1498:
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1272:
1265:
1256:
1253:
1244:
1241:
1232:
1229:
1220:
1217:
1208:
1168:prairie warbler
1160:mangrove cuckoo
1112:
1099:
1071:
985:
961:State Road A19A
957:Pinellas Bayway
937:
885:
813:
804:tropical storms
741:Battery Bigelow
649:Battery Laidley
425:
375:
370:
357:are available.
326:Pinellas County
277:
276:
275:
274:
271:
270:
269:
268:
251:
250:
249:
246:
245:
244:
243:
217:
210:
201:
136:the public
135:
129:Pinellas County
99:
97:
93:
90:
85:
82:
80:
78:
77:
69:
52:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2119:
2117:
2109:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2043:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2029:
2020:
2017:FortDeSoto.com
2014:
2013:
2012:
2007:
1997:
1988:
1977:
1976:External links
1974:
1973:
1972:
1966:
1949:
1932:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1880:
1868:
1843:
1818:
1793:
1768:
1756:
1750:, p. 64;
1740:
1734:, p. 64;
1724:
1698:
1672:
1657:
1643:
1628:
1613:
1598:
1586:
1579:
1561:
1549:
1537:
1515:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1460:Marbled godwit
1459:
1452:
1450:
1439:
1432:
1430:
1419:
1412:
1410:
1399:
1392:
1390:
1379:
1372:
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1359:
1352:
1350:
1345:Rynchops niger
1339:
1332:
1330:
1319:
1312:
1310:
1299:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1282:
1275:
1273:
1267:A view of the
1266:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1211:
1207:
1204:
1156:brood parasite
1128:sandwich terns
1120:black skimmers
1111:
1108:
1098:
1095:
1087:wave-dominated
1083:barrier island
1070:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1058:
1055:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1032:
1021:
1014:
1007:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
984:
981:
936:
933:
927:and used as a
884:
881:
812:
809:
789:
788:
787:Disarmed 1919
785:
782:
779:
776:
772:
771:
770:Disarmed 1920
768:
765:
762:
759:
758:Battery Mellon
755:
754:
753:Disarmed 1920
751:
748:
745:
742:
738:
737:
736:Disarmed 1920
734:
731:
728:
725:
721:
720:
719:Disarmed 1919
717:
714:
707:
704:
700:
699:
698:Disarmed 1926
696:
693:
690:
687:
686:Battery Howard
683:
682:
681:Disarmed 1923
679:
676:
670:
667:
663:
662:
659:
656:
653:
650:
646:
645:
642:
639:
636:
633:
617:Fort Rosecrans
512:established a
469:St. Petersburg
456:naval blockade
424:
421:
417:Spanish Empire
401:St. Pete Beach
390:Gulf of Mexico
374:
371:
369:
366:
312:
311:
308:
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15:
13:
10:
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2018:
2015:
2011:
2008:
2006:
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2002:
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1998:
1996:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1980:
1979:
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1969:
1963:
1959:
1955:
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1946:
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1807:
1803:
1797:
1794:
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1765:
1760:
1757:
1754:, p. 72.
1753:
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1580:0-8173-1296-X
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1396:
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1387:
1386:
1380:Brown pelican
1376:
1371:
1367:
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1356:
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1347:
1346:
1340:Black skimmer
1336:
1331:
1327:
1326:
1316:
1311:
1307:
1306:
1300:Reddish egret
1296:
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1056:
1053:
1050:Barrier-free
1049:
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1043:
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1033:
1030:
1026:
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1005:
1004:Quartermaster
1002:
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941:
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932:
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929:bombing range
926:
925:MacDill Field
917:
912:
907:
905:
904:
899:
895:
894:bombing range
891:
883:Bombing range
882:
879:
874:
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867:
863:
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723:
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712:
711:Armstrong Gun
708:
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439:
434:
430:
429:Robert E. Lee
422:
420:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
393:
391:
387:
383:
380:
373:Early history
372:
367:
365:
363:
358:
356:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
330:Madelaine Key
327:
323:
319:
309:
305:
303:Added to NRHP
301:
298:
295:
288:
284:
280:
259:
234:
224:
220:
213:
209:
204:
197:
193:
190:
187:
183:
180:
177:
173:
169:
165:
162:
159:
157:Built by
155:
151:
147:
142:
138:
132:
128:
124:
119:
116:
113:
109:
104:
76:
72:
65:
60:
56:
50:
47:
42:
37:
34:
30:
26:
25:Manatee River
22:
1953:
1944:
1940:
1927:
1923:
1897:. Retrieved
1893:
1883:
1871:
1859:. Retrieved
1855:
1846:
1834:. Retrieved
1830:
1821:
1809:. Retrieved
1805:
1796:
1786:November 10,
1784:. Retrieved
1781:baynews9.com
1780:
1771:
1764:Davis (2016)
1759:
1752:Davis (2016)
1743:
1736:Davis (2016)
1727:
1715:. Retrieved
1711:
1701:
1689:. Retrieved
1685:
1675:
1665:
1660:
1651:
1646:
1636:
1631:
1622:
1616:
1607:
1601:
1596:, p. 3.
1589:
1570:
1564:
1552:
1547:, p. 1.
1540:
1531:Staff (ndg)
1503:
1494:
1465:Limosa fedoa
1463:
1443:
1423:
1403:
1383:
1363:
1343:
1323:
1303:
1189:
1187:
1172:
1141:
1100:
1091:
1080:
1052:nature trail
1029:laundry room
986:
954:
946:
922:
909:
901:
886:
876:
870:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
831:
828:
825:
817:
814:
792:
775:Battery Page
750:Fort De Soto
658:Fort De Soto
638:Weapon/Mount
578:
531:
508:
481:
465:
442:
426:
423:Military use
394:
376:
359:
345:
341:
337:
334:St. Jean Key
333:
329:
321:
315:
144:Site history
134:Open to
53:Mullet Key,
39:Fort De Soto
33:
1400:Great egret
1124:royal terns
971:. The four
935:County park
603:, a larger
601:World War I
597:game warden
585:Fort Morgan
167:In use
98: /
74:Coordinates
2045:Categories
1486:References
1405:Ardea alba
1196:windbreaks
959:(formerly
655:12" Mortar
611:, and two
581:Mosquitoes
558:blacksmith
554:guardhouse
514:quarantine
452:Union Army
433:Egmont Key
346:Mullet Key
86:82°44′09″W
83:27°36′56″N
1717:April 21,
1691:April 21,
1686:USA Today
1219:A walkway
1191:Casuarina
1144:mangroves
1039:gift shop
1035:Snack bar
1025:restrooms
1018:boat ramp
1016:800-foot
1011:Dr. Beach
784:Fort Dade
767:Fort Dade
733:Fort Dade
716:Fort Dade
695:Fort Dade
678:Fort Dade
632:Batteries
605:caretaker
562:mess hall
542:artillery
534:Fort Dade
413:Tampa Bay
388:from the
350:toll road
175:Materials
170:1898–1910
152:1898–1906
29:Bradenton
1947:: 63–79.
1899:July 18,
1861:July 16,
1836:July 10,
1811:April 3,
1474:See also
1148:hammocks
975:and two
672:8" Gun,
644:Remarks
641:Location
635:No. Guns
550:barracks
538:concrete
379:Tocobaga
297:77000407
282:Location
44:Part of
1912:Sources
1206:Gallery
1110:Ecology
1069:Geology
896:by the
589:Alabama
495:mortars
368:History
1964:
1577:
1166:, and
1134:, and
965:SR 682
963:, now
833:weeks.
450:. The
386:whelks
185:Events
1103:shoal
1037:with
527:Tampa
149:Built
126:Owner
1962:ISBN
1901:2023
1863:2023
1838:2022
1813:2019
1788:2023
1719:2014
1693:2014
1575:ISBN
1146:and
1027:and
595:and
556:, a
544:and
403:and
111:Type
2034:at
1993:at
1670:p.2
1641:p.7
1154:(a
709:6"
619:in
501:of
467:in
292:No.
139:Yes
27:in
2047::
2025:,
1960:.
1945:45
1943:.
1939:.
1928:12
1926:.
1922:.
1892:.
1854:.
1829:.
1804:.
1779:.
1710:.
1684:.
1518:^
1508:.
1502:.
1177:.
1162:,
1130:,
1126:,
1122:,
1101:A
623:.
587:,
529:.
486:.
440:.
419:.
364:.
340:,
336:,
332:,
320:,
1970:.
1903:.
1865:.
1840:.
1815:.
1790:.
1721:.
1695:.
1583:.
1468:)
1462:(
1448:)
1442:(
1428:)
1422:(
1408:)
1402:(
1388:)
1382:(
1368:)
1362:(
1348:)
1342:(
1328:)
1322:(
1308:)
1302:(
1138:.
1064:.
1054:.
1031:.
1020:.
778:2
761:3
744:2
727:1
706:2
689:2
669:2
652:8
31:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
