430:
157:
153:
Filipino origins, complete with six cannons and ammunition. The fort was later named "Fort San Pedro y Pablo", in honour of
Governor Pedro. In addition to being used to oversee the waters between Ternate and Tidore, the fort also had a role as a military base, and was unsuccessfully attacked by the Dutch in 1609 and 1612. If sea conditions were calm, Spanish fleets sailing from the Philippines could dock on the southern coast by the fort, which facilitated logistics.
177:. By the late 20th century the fortress was an abandoned site. The sandy area around the fort was also ignored until there was an abrasion and most of the fort was flooded with seawater. It was not until 1994 that the fortress was restored by the Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia, so that it was kept intact without reducing the original shape of the fort.
152:
in 1606 in order to take control over
Ternate Island. In 1609, the Spanish commander Lucas de Vergara Gaviria initiated work on a renovated fortification with three bastions at the site. It was reinforced by the Spanish by placing 27 Spanish and 20 Portuguese soldiers together with several men of
172:
who were ensconced at the eastern side of the island and allied with the
Sultans of Ternate. Together with the other Iberian fortresses in Ternate and Tidore, San Pedro y San Pablo was eventually abandoned when the Spaniards left Maluku in 1663. Southern Ternate then came under the rule of the
118:
colonial period. Construction was possibly initiated by
Governor António de Brito in about 1522. It is locally believed that it was named Fort Kota Janji (Mal. ‘’janji’’, pledge) because it became a silent witness to the peace treaty between Sultan
127:
in 1570. In 2004, restaurarion work was done at the site of the fort, but only through beautifying the area around the fort by creating a park and build a fence surrounding the site. However, the original shape of the fort is no longer visible.
419:
113:
Province. It is located on the side of the main road to
Ternate City from the south. The fort, which stands firmly at a height of 50 metres (160 ft) above sea level, was originally built during the
842:
412:
613:
1963:
405:
1943:
140:. However, due to the assassination of Sultan Hairun (r. 1535–1570), the Portuguese were expelled from Ternate Island in 1575 by the local population which was led by Sultan
1958:
835:
606:
969:
1039:
962:
1046:
567:
1081:
136:
An early fort was built in or after 1522 by the
Portuguese. This was a modest bulwark with some light artillery, situated close to the main fortress
1095:
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1158:
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757:
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1836:
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764:
1953:
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1130:
854:
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1381:
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620:
1667:
1188:
771:
654:
1498:
882:
235:
1787:
397:
174:
1178:
910:
164:
The fort was situated in a war zone during much of the 17th century. Southern
Ternate with the main fortress
1388:
1137:
1067:
917:
145:
123:
and the
Portuguese Governor. However, the Portuguese broke their vows and took the sultan's life in nearby
1523:
1764:
535:
110:
109:) is a Portuguese fortress located at Jalan Ngade, Laguna Hamlet, Fitu Village, South Ternate District,
1702:
1516:
1102:
896:
1362:
1235:
1074:
1004:
990:
723:
288:
Lobato, Manuel (2012). "Culture and
Identity in the Luso-Asian World: Tenacities and Plasticities".
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90:
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1857:
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1948:
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640:
100:
1692:
1643:
1449:
1402:
1374:
1330:
947:
785:
317:
230:
Leopoldo Stampa (1994) "Las islas de Tidore y
Ternate en el recuerdo histórico español",
1905:
1596:
1530:
1416:
1325:
1261:
1227:
809:
518:
458:
45:
Jalan Ngade, Dusun Laguna, Desa Fitu, Kecamatan Ternate Selatan, Provinsi Maluku Utara
1937:
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1444:
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1310:
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688:
1610:
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1350:
1170:
822:
801:
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559:
1755:
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1437:
484:
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1732:
1720:
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512:
115:
35:
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1712:
1335:
1269:
718:
1824:
1814:
1367:
713:
705:
524:
490:
149:
120:
144:. The fort was later overrun by Spanish forces led by Governor Don
1848:
1770:
1282:
452:
1219:
62:
401:
206:"Fort Kota Janji, Historic Portuguese Heritage Tour in Ternate"
168:
was defended by the Spanish garrison against the encroaching
155:
277:. Honululu: University of Hawaii Press. pp. 139–140.
1847:
1805:
1754:
1731:
1711:
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704:
679:
631:
595:
534:
445:
438:
76:
68:
57:
49:
41:
31:
26:
21:
247:Los galeones de las especias: España y las Molucas
1924:and geographical location (between parenthesis)
343:"Kota Janji Fortress Needs To Be Rehabilitated"
844:Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Lourenço Marques
1964:Portuguese colonial architecture in Indonesia
433:Forts and fortresses of the Portuguese Empire
413:
8:
1944:Buildings and structures completed in 1522
1455:
1214:
943:
818:
442:
420:
406:
398:
374:Turbulent Times Past in Ternate and Tidore
18:
260:
80:2,147.25 square metres (0.214725 ha)
16:Historic Portuguese fortress in Indonesia
1959:Buildings and structures in North Maluku
837:Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Inhambane
186:
7:
72:Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya Ambon
372:Hanna, Willard; Alwi, Des (1990).
14:
305:, "San Pedro y San Pablo de Gil".
1645:Nossa Senhora da Penha de França
428:
318:"The Portuguese Fort of Ternate"
245:Leopoldo Stampa Piñeiro (2020)
106:Fortaleza San Pedro y San Pablo
383:Jejak Portugis di Maluku Utara
1:
381:Djafaar, Irza Arnyta (2007).
376:. Banda Neira: Rumah Budaya.
1083:Santo António Além do Carmo
957:Nossa Senhora do Monserrate
1980:
1886:Nossa Senhora do Bom Parto
1831:Nossa Senhora da Conceição
1765:Nossa Senhora da Anunciada
1652:Nossa Senhora da Guadalupe
1638:Nossa Senhora dos Milagres
1249:Nossa Senhora da Conceição
1160:São Tiago das Cinco Pontas
1062:Nossa Senhora dos Remédios
985:Nossa Senhora dos Remédios
978:Nossa Senhora dos Prazeres
971:Nossa Senhora da Conceição
1918:
1439:São Sebastião de Mangalor
1118:São João Baptista do Brum
1097:Santo Inácio de Tamandaré
1020:Santa Cruz de Anhatomirim
964:Nossa Senhora da Assunção
492:Santa Cruz do Cabo de Gué
232:Revista de História Naval
1772:Nossa Senhora da Piedade
1111:São Domingos de Gragoatá
1048:São José da Ponta Grossa
735:Nossa Senhora da Vitória
273:Andaya, Leonard (1993).
175:Dutch East India Company
1432:São Sebastião de Baçaim
1383:Santo António de Simbor
1153:São Mateus do Cabo Frio
1034:Santa Cruz do Paraguaçu
1027:Santa Cruz de Itamaracá
759:São Francisco do Penedo
1872:Nossa Senhora do Monte
1090:Santo António da Barra
161:
104:
94:
1879:Nossa Senhora da Guia
1499:Nossa Senhora do Cabo
1404:São Tomé de Cranganor
1179:Colónia do Sacramento
261:Hanna & Alwi 1990
160:Ternate in about 1753
159:
111:Ternate, North Maluku
1425:São Tomé de Meliapor
1125:São João da Bertioga
877:São José de Mossuril
561:São Francisco Xavier
385:. Yogyakarta: Ombak.
146:Pedro Bravo de Acuña
58:Construction started
1920:Portuguese name in
1567:Santíssima Trindade
1013:Santa Cruz da Barra
275:The World of Maluku
27:General information
1954:Forts in Indonesia
1900:São Tiago da Barra
1418:São Tomé de Coulão
1055:São José de Macapá
780:São Pedro da Barra
390:Benteng Kota Janji
194:Benteng Kota Janji
162:
96:Fortaleza Saõ Jõaõ
1929:
1928:
1914:
1913:
1796:São João Baptista
1703:Sabaragamuwa fort
1688:Delft Island fort
1663:Kayts Island Fort
1583:
1582:
1478:Cabo de Rama Fort
1206:
1205:
999:Príncipe da Beira
935:
934:
931:
930:
870:São João Baptista
649:Duque de Bragança
569:São João Baptista
212:. 19 October 2016
84:
83:
1971:
1456:
1215:
944:
819:
443:
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408:
399:
386:
377:
359:
358:
356:
354:
339:
333:
332:
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314:
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303:Spanish Moluccas
300:
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278:
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196:
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19:
1979:
1978:
1974:
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1970:
1969:
1968:
1934:
1933:
1930:
1925:
1910:
1843:
1801:
1750:
1727:
1707:
1693:Ruwanwella fort
1579:
1454:
1450:Pallipuram Fort
1411:São Tomé de Diu
1331:Ghodbunder Fort
1277:
1202:
1184:Montevideo Fort
1165:
927:
919:São Tiago Maior
884:São José do Ibo
850:Princesa Amélia
817:
790:
700:
675:
627:
598:
591:
530:
434:
426:
380:
371:
368:
366:Further reading
363:
362:
352:
350:
349:. 30 April 2016
341:
340:
336:
326:
324:
322:Colonial Voyage
316:
315:
311:
301:
297:
287:
286:
282:
272:
271:
267:
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249:. Madrid: Edaf.
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240:
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203:
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87:Fort Kota Janji
22:Fort Kota Janji
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1975:
1967:
1966:
1961:
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1951:
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1935:
1927:
1926:
1919:
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1911:
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1715:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1668:Ratnapura Fort
1665:
1660:
1655:
1648:
1641:
1634:
1627:
1622:
1615:
1608:
1601:
1593:
1591:
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1581:
1580:
1578:
1577:
1570:
1563:
1556:
1549:
1542:
1535:
1528:
1525:São Bartolomeu
1521:
1514:
1507:
1502:
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1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1468:
1462:
1460:
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1386:
1379:
1372:
1365:
1360:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1326:Dronagiri Fort
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1287:
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1149:
1142:
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1128:
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1114:
1107:
1100:
1093:
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1079:
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1069:Santa Catarina
1065:
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1016:
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1002:
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960:
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941:
937:
936:
933:
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929:
928:
926:
925:
924:Quelimane Fort
922:
915:
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637:
635:
629:
628:
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618:
611:
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601:
593:
592:
590:
589:
585:São Sebastião
581:
573:
565:
557:
549:
540:
538:
532:
531:
529:
528:
522:
516:
510:
504:
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488:
482:
474:
468:
462:
459:Alcácer Ceguer
456:
449:
447:
440:
436:
435:
427:
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402:
396:
395:
387:
378:
367:
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334:
309:
295:
280:
265:
263:, p. 104.
253:
238:
223:
197:
185:
184:
182:
179:
148:who came from
133:
130:
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81:
78:
74:
73:
70:
66:
65:
59:
55:
54:
51:
47:
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39:
38:
33:
29:
28:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1976:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1932:
1923:
1917:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1893:São Francisco
1890:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1867:
1866:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1858:Dona Maria II
1855:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1838:Santo António
1835:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1820:Batugade Fort
1818:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1798:
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1793:
1791:
1790:
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1734:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1698:Sitawaka fort
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1678:Arandora fort
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1658:Kalutara fort
1656:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1600:
1599:
1598:Santa Bárbara
1595:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1576:
1575:
1574:Santo António
1571:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1546:São Sebastião
1543:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1520:
1519:
1518:Santo Estevão
1515:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1488:Mormugão fort
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1445:Shirgaon Fort
1443:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1413:
1412:
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1405:
1401:
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1392:
1391:
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1359:
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1347:
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1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1311:Bombay Castle
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1243:
1242:Gombroon Fort
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1218:Arabia &
1216:
1213:
1209:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1174:
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1168:
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1157:
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1134:
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1120:
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1080:
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1063:
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1057:
1056:
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1049:
1045:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1008:
1007:
1003:
1001:
1000:
996:
994:
993:
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987:
986:
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980:
979:
975:
973:
972:
968:
966:
965:
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954:
953:
951:
949:
945:
942:
938:
923:
921:
920:
916:
914:
913:
912:São Sebastião
909:
907:
906:
902:
900:
899:
895:
893:
892:
888:
886:
885:
881:
879:
878:
874:
872:
871:
867:
865:
864:
860:
858:
857:
856:Santo António
853:
851:
848:
846:
845:
841:
839:
838:
834:
832:
829:
828:
826:
824:
820:
813:
812:
808:
805:
804:
800:
799:
797:
793:
787:
786:Quicombo Fort
784:
782:
781:
777:
775:
774:
770:
768:
767:
763:
761:
760:
756:
754:
753:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
736:
732:
730:
727:
725:
724:Cambambe Fort
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
711:
709:
707:
703:
697:
696:
692:
690:
687:
686:
684:
682:
681:Guinea-Bissau
678:
672:
671:
667:
665:
664:
660:
658:
657:
656:Principe Real
653:
651:
650:
646:
644:
643:
639:
638:
636:
634:
630:
624:
623:
622:São Sebastião
619:
617:
616:
612:
610:
609:
608:Santo António
605:
604:
602:
600:
594:
587:
586:
582:
579:
578:
574:
571:
570:
566:
563:
562:
558:
555:
554:
553:Santo António
550:
547:
546:
542:
541:
539:
537:
533:
526:
523:
520:
517:
514:
511:
508:
505:
502:
501:
497:
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475:
472:
469:
466:
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460:
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454:
451:
450:
448:
444:
441:
437:
431:
423:
418:
416:
411:
409:
404:
403:
400:
394:
391:
388:
384:
379:
375:
370:
369:
365:
348:
344:
338:
335:
323:
319:
313:
310:
307:
304:
299:
296:
291:
284:
281:
276:
269:
266:
262:
257:
254:
251:
248:
242:
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211:
207:
201:
198:
195:
190:
187:
180:
178:
176:
171:
167:
158:
154:
151:
147:
143:
139:
131:
129:
126:
122:
117:
112:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
79:
75:
71:
67:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
37:
34:
30:
25:
20:
1931:
1921:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1878:
1871:
1863:
1856:
1837:
1830:
1795:
1789:São Domingos
1788:
1782:
1771:
1763:
1721:
1673:Negombo fort
1651:
1644:
1637:
1630:
1619:Santa Helena
1618:
1611:
1604:
1597:
1573:
1566:
1559:
1552:
1545:
1538:
1531:
1524:
1517:
1510:
1497:
1482:
1471:
1438:
1431:
1424:
1417:
1410:
1403:
1396:
1390:São Jerónimo
1389:
1382:
1376:Santo Ângelo
1375:
1368:
1356:
1336:Honavar Fort
1306:Belapur Fort
1270:
1262:
1248:
1236:Bahrain Fort
1228:
1196:
1190:Santa Teresa
1189:
1159:
1152:
1145:
1138:
1132:São Lourenço
1131:
1124:
1117:
1110:
1103:
1096:
1089:
1082:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1047:
1040:
1033:
1026:
1019:
1012:
1005:
998:
991:
984:
977:
970:
963:
956:
918:
911:
904:
897:
891:São Lourenço
890:
883:
876:
869:
862:
855:
849:
843:
836:
810:
802:
779:
772:
765:
758:
751:
746:São Fernando
745:
740:
734:
719:Caconda Fort
694:
669:
662:
655:
648:
641:
621:
615:São Jerónimo
614:
607:
597:São Tomé and
584:
576:
568:
560:
552:
544:
527:(Mauritania)
500:Castelo Real
498:
491:
477:
446:North Africa
389:
382:
373:
351:. Retrieved
346:
337:
325:. Retrieved
321:
312:
302:
298:
292:: Chapter 8.
289:
283:
274:
268:
256:
246:
241:
231:
226:
214:. Retrieved
209:
200:
189:
163:
135:
125:Fort Kastela
105:
95:
86:
85:
61:in or after
1815:Balibó Fort
1807:Timor-Leste
1683:Arippu fort
1625:Matara Fort
1483:Gaspar Dias
1466:Aguada Fort
1369:Santa Luzia
1341:Korlai Fort
1301:Bandra Fort
1296:Asheri Fort
1291:Arnala Fort
1146:São Marcelo
1076:Santa Maria
863:São Caetano
831:Manica Fort
795:East Africa
741:Santa Maria
729:Muxima Fort
714:Ambaca Fort
689:Cacheu Fort
525:Arguin Fort
234:XII, p. 38.
1938:Categories
1906:Taipa Fort
1825:Cupão Fort
1783:Reis Magos
1778:Pasai Fort
1612:Santa Cruz
1560:Santa Cruz
1511:Reis Magos
1505:Ponda Fort
1493:Naroa Fort
1397:São Miguel
1351:Mahim Fort
1271:São Miguel
1256:Qeshm Fort
1197:São Miguel
1006:Reis Magos
905:São Miguel
898:São Marçal
823:Mozambique
814:(Tanzania)
773:São Miguel
752:São Filipe
663:São Filipe
633:Cape Verde
536:Gold Coast
353:2 December
347:Malut Post
216:2 December
181:References
116:Portuguese
91:Portuguese
1756:Indonesia
1746:Muar Fort
1605:São Jorge
1589:Sri Lanka
1553:São Tiago
1363:Negapatam
1346:Madh Fort
1238:(Bahrain)
1229:Almirante
1104:São Diogo
577:São Jorge
521:(Morocco)
515:(Morocco)
509:(Morocco)
503:(Morocco)
495:(Morocco)
487:(Morocco)
481:(Morocco)
473:(Morocco)
467:(Morocco)
461:(Morocco)
210:See.co.id
166:Gammalamo
138:Gammalamo
53:Indonesia
1733:Malaysia
1722:Santiago
1631:Santa Fé
1539:São João
1532:São Brás
1472:Assunção
1263:São João
1139:São Luís
1041:São João
992:Presépio
811:Santiago
766:São José
695:São José
670:São José
642:D'El-Rei
599:Príncipe
545:Santiago
478:Graciosa
327:July 17,
142:Babullah
36:Fortress
1949:Ternate
1922:italics
1865:Mong-Há
1741:Malacca
1713:Myanmar
1274:(Yemen)
1171:Uruguay
940:America
806:(Kenya)
588:(Ghana)
580:(Ghana)
572:(Benin)
564:(Ghana)
556:(Ghana)
548:(Ghana)
485:Mazagan
471:Tangier
455:(Spain)
132:History
101:Spanish
77:Grounds
50:Country
42:Address
1357:Manuel
1266:(Oman)
1258:(Iran)
1252:(Iran)
1244:(Iran)
1232:(Oman)
948:Brazil
706:Angola
513:Azamor
465:Arzila
439:Africa
150:Manila
121:Hairun
1849:Macau
1321:Daman
1316:Chaul
1283:India
803:Jesus
507:Safim
453:Ceuta
290:ISEAS
170:Dutch
69:Owner
1220:Iran
1211:Asia
519:Aguz
355:2016
329:2017
218:2016
63:1522
32:Type
1459:Goa
1940::
345:.
320:.
208:.
103::
99:,
93::
421:e
414:t
407:v
392:.
357:.
331:.
220:.
89:(
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