735:
462:
578:
747:
759:
1238:
128:
153:
690:. Since that time, additional land has been released for the Miles City industrial sites, Custer County fairgrounds, the warm-water fish hatchery and Spotted Eagle Recreation Area. Approximately 1,800 acres are under irrigation in the Yellowstone River Valley west of the Laboratory headquarters. About 625 acres are in cultivated crops and 1150 in irrigated pastures. The remainder of the laboratory is rough, broken
43:
662:
654:
160:
135:
481:. The site would provide easy access to boats bringing supplies up the Yellowstone. The original cantonment was referred to by several names during its first two years, including New Post on the Yellowstone, Cantonment on Tongue River, and Tongue River Barracks, before the Army officially named it Fort Keogh on November 8, 1878.
673:
617:, Samuel Gordon described a frontier confrontation. Riverside Park, which still stands today, was rumored to be up for the taking. The "Old West" rule was that if a man were to get four logs placed on the ground in a square, he had the foundation of a building, and could claim the land as his. One such
681:
By an Act of
Congress dated April 15, 1924 (PL90, 43 Stat. 99) jurisdiction of the Fort Keogh Military Reservation was transferred to the U.S. Department of Agriculture for experiments in stock raising and growing of forage crops. Onsite remains of the original Fort include the parade ground, a wagon
560:
earned him the rank of brevet Major. Keogh took an assignment in the western wars in 1863; he served under Custer until his death in battle. Keogh stood his ground, with the company he commanded around him; they were surrounded and outnumbered by Sioux warriors. His body was later found in the center
697:
In 1954 the United States Air Force opened the 902nd
Aircraft Control and Warning station on the reservation about two miles south of the Yellowstone River and ten miles west of Miles City. This station was part of the Cold War air defense system protecting the United States in case of war with the
621:
had placed two of the needed logs, and went to get the other two. A second man saw the two logs and an opportunity. He placed his two logs with the two currently on site and stood his ground there. He expected the first man to object and leave. The first squatter was dismissed by the second squatter
612:
Milestown was at first almost nothing but rowdy; many a drunken soldier emerged from its saloons. About a year after settling in the area, General Miles moved the fort to the present location just a couple of miles southwest of the original site. He hoped that the extra distance from the town would
685:
The size of the original Fort Keogh
Military Reservation was 100 square miles or 64,000 acres. The Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory now occupies about 55,357 acres. In 1878, a large piece of land east of the Tongue River was released by the Army and is now the present site of the
484:
Miles was well-respected as a leader, not only by his troops, but also by the
Indians. Promising fair treatment and better lives to the Native Americans, Miles gradually persuaded the Indian nations to settle on the reservations. Not all the nations surrendered immediately. Miles went to battle
622:
with, "two logs counted nothing". But the first man pulled out his revolver to settle the dispute. The second man quickly abandoned his claim to the area. Late in the afternoon, tales of the incident reached the fort. Soldiers came out and sent away all the squatters in the area.
734:
458:. The Sioux had pushed the Crow west of their traditional lands as they moved west, in response to European–American settlers encroaching on Sioux territory. Resentful of the Sioux, the Crow frequently allied with the Army and served as scouts to its expeditions.
431:
to establish a military fort. The order for development of the fort was signed on August 28, 1876. The Army's intended use for its garrison at the post was to reduce warfare by the
American Indians in the region and to persuade them to resettle on
1289:
698:
Soviet Union. The station operated until 1968 when it was closed because of the advance of electronics in radar detection. At any given time there were in the neighborhood of 100 to 125 airmen and officers stationed at this location.
597:. When Colonel Miles got tired of having his guard house filled to overflowing--whiskey causing him, Miles said, more trouble than the Indians--he ordered Carrol and the other purveyors of liquor to leave the military reservation.
536:
on March 25, 1840, Keogh came from a comfortable background. Wanting adventure, Keogh left the farming to a brother and went off to war. In 1860, he went to Italy after the Pope recruited Irish men to take up the fight to save the
496:(which had had several companies stationed there since 1876), took over the garrison, and the regimental headquarters with the entire regiment were moved to the post in 1888 and would remain until 1896. In 1888, Company H of the
573:
The arrival of the Army generated a demand for businesses among enterprising traders. Named after the fort's commander, Nelson A. Miles, Milestown developed first as an army town to meet the needs of young, isolated servicemen.
645:
took over the Fort Keogh military reservation in 1924. As of 2012, it is home to the USDA Fort Keogh Range and
Livestock Experiment Station. The Station's Line 1 Hereford Herd has played a key role in the genetic research of
1381:
1338:
1376:
1222:
443:. He thought the location would be good for supplying troops throughout the region, but the Army did not decide to build the fort until after Custer's overwhelming defeat at the Battle of the Little Bighorn.
394:
The development of Fort Keogh as a military installation soon stimulated traders to supply the liquor and other service businesses that were the beginning of Miles City. Today the former military post is a
746:
1188:
1284:
593:
According to the diaries kept by George Miles, the nephew of the
Colonel who traveled with his uncle, a man named Mat Carrol set up some barrels under a tarp and started selling
1246:
1227:
1047:
1371:
461:
1342:
577:
1181:
758:
608:, built a crude log hut out of driftwood and started selling whiskey. The soldiers soon found the place, other merchants followed, and Miles City was born.
1324:
387:, who was killed at the Little Bighorn. In 1877, the fort became the headquarters for the newly created District of the Yellowstone (a sub-unit of the
775:
635:
1209:
1174:
500:
arrived to garrison at Keogh after marching from Fort Davis, New Mexico, and
Company L of the 8th Cavalry joined the garrison after marching from
396:
493:
485:
against the holdouts with his troops, including during the extreme cold of winter. The Sioux and Crow bands migrated through wide areas in the
308:
192:
360:
303:
450:
to the region, the U.S. Army was assigned to survey the land and develop maps. The troops came into contact with two tribes of
Indians, the
1309:
1197:
823:
529:
497:
400:
318:
313:
109:
1237:
152:
532:
under Lt. Col. (brevet Major
General) George Armstrong Custer, both of whom were killed in the Battle of the Little Bighorn. Born in
1319:
513:
127:
1217:
544:
Keogh preferred warfare to acting as a guard; he resigned his post and in March 1862 headed to the United States to serve in the
642:
638:. The Fort Keogh remount station processed more horses for World War I than any other post, shipping them all over the world.
440:
1072:
963:
1304:
447:
604:
until he was the required two miles (3 km) away, beyond the edge of the reservation. He found a flat spot along the
416:
364:
1361:
1314:
1366:
1166:
631:
1279:
412:
1107:
869:
1201:
715:
634:
station. Infantry troops were withdrawn from the fort in 1907. During World War I, Fort Keogh served as a
613:
slow the unruliness. The town picked up and moved to its current location closer to the fort. In his book
474:
349:
33:
1259:
1091:
828:
842:
1264:
723:
ever recorded, measuring 15 inches (38 cm) in diameter, fell at Fort Keogh on January 28, 1887.
565:, walking riderless on the battlefield. Soldiers nursed the horse to health, and he became a legend.
553:
388:
286:
1274:
1160:
703:
687:
682:
shed built in 1883, the flag pole erected in 1887, and seven other structures built prior to 1924.
501:
383:
for two years. When relocated one mile west in 1878, it was renamed Fort Keogh in honor of Captain
337:
180:
29:
1294:
545:
433:
333:
605:
525:
486:
478:
345:
943:
896:
562:
1092:
New York Times, March 20, 2007, Science, Snowflakes as Big as Frisbees? by William J Broad
647:
428:
420:
356:
279:
1126:
Forts of the Northern Plains: Guide to Historic Military Posts of the Plains Indian Wars
541:. In those battles, he received two medals. Later Keogh joined the Papal Guard in Rome.
439:
Colonel David S. Stanley had originally scouted the first site of the fort during the
246:
1355:
552:
and proved his ability repeatedly. He won many commendations, and his bravery in the
451:
419:
on June 25, 1876, the Army sent the 5th U.S. Infantry Regiment, under the command of
1155:
1150:
1144:
1026:
538:
42:
1138:
937:
661:
702:
The Range Riders Museum, located on the original Fort Keogh cantonment in nearby
1299:
967:
601:
557:
521:
455:
384:
90:
489:, and troops were engaged in battle with them hundreds of miles from the fort.
1269:
653:
549:
470:
380:
988:
916:
798:
by Josef James Warhank, that chronicles the fort's complete military history.
657:
Hereford cattle at Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory in 2002
207:
194:
794:
A website on the 22nd Infantry also offers a link to a downloadable thesis,
720:
665:
618:
691:
676:
Cattle roundup at Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Station in 2002
424:
368:
512:
1339:
National Register of Historic Places listings in Custer County, Montana
594:
533:
341:
694:
typical of range cattle producing areas of the Northern Great Plains.
376:
672:
671:
660:
652:
576:
511:
460:
372:
818:
1170:
1048:"Line 1 Hereford herd at Fort Keogh key to decades of research"
630:
In 1900, the infantry and cavalry post at Fort Keogh became an
600:
An employee of Carrol's, one John Carter, rode east on his big
469:
General Miles established the "Cantonment Tongue River" at the
1382:
National Register of Historic Places in Custer County, Montana
740:
German Singing Society, 22nd Infantry, Ft. Keogh, May 13, 1894
706:, offers historical exhibits of the fort's days as Milestown.
1377:
Forts on the National Register of Historic Places in Montana
561:
of those of his soldiers. The Army later found his horse,
399:
livestock and range research station. It is listed on the
1290:
Mountain States Telephone and Telegraph Company Building
465:
Crude building under construction at Fort Keogh, c. 1889
1163:, official webpage of the Agricultural Research Service
939:
The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States
897:"Guide to the Fort Keogh (Mont.) Collection 1864-1892"
528:
Lieutenant Colonel) and commander of Company I in the
363:, founded the post in August 1876, in the wake of the
1285:
Miles City Waterworks Building and Pumping Plant Park
379:. The fort was originally known as the Tongue River
1245:
1208:
1027:"Miles City, Montana : Historical Perspective"
891:
889:
296:
269:
264:
252:
239:
231:
223:
186:
176:
86:
78:
70:
65:
57:
52:
21:
1021:
1019:
492:When the 5th Infantry left the fort in 1888, the
1156:Bibliography of books and articles on Fort Keogh
917:"22nd Infantry Regiment at Fort Keogh 1888-1896"
411:Shortly after the defeat of Lieutenant Colonel
1343:List of National Historic Landmarks in Montana
1223:East Main Street Residential Historic District
1161:"USDA Livestock and Range Research Laboratory"
1182:
1012:. Miles City, Montana: Independent print. co.
16:United States Army outpost in eastern Montana
8:
752:Skating party, Ft. Keogh, Mont., about 1890.
336:post located at the western edge of modern
1189:
1175:
1167:
548:. He was commissioned as a Captain in the
344:. It is situated on the south bank of the
18:
776:List of military installations in Montana
110:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
1372:1876 establishments in Montana Territory
375:involved in the battle from escaping to
47:Officers' Quarters at Fort Keogh in 1989
1108:"Fort Keogh: Cutting Edge of a Culture"
962:Pohanka, Brian C. (September 1, 2003).
870:"Fort Keogh: Cutting Edge of a Culture"
810:
787:
730:
397:United States Department of Agriculture
367:, as a base for patrols to prevent the
1106:Warhank, Josef James (December 1983).
964:"'Born a Soldier': Myles Walter Keogh"
957:
955:
953:
868:Warhank, Josef James (December 1983).
863:
861:
859:
845:. National Register of Historic Places
819:"National Register Information System"
1128:. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books.
1113:. Agricultural Research Service, USDA
875:. Agricultural Research Service, USDA
796:Fort Keogh: Cutting Edge of a Culture
7:
1310:Ursuline Convent of the Sacred Heart
1198:National Register of Historic Places
966:. The Wild Geese.com. Archived from
824:National Register of Historic Places
668:antelope on the Fort Keogh rangeland
401:National Register of Historic Places
446:As developers planned to bring the
159:
134:
14:
1320:Walrond and Elizabeth Snell House
764:Former Fort Keogh Bird Refuge map
719:reports that the largest natural
391:), which was commanded by Miles.
1236:
1218:Carriage House Historic District
1141:, University of Montana Archives
757:
745:
733:
158:
151:
133:
126:
41:
1151:Historical photos of Fort Keogh
643:U.S. Department of the Interior
581:Canteen at Ft. Keogh, 1890–1894
1315:US Post Office-Miles City Main
1295:Northern Pacific Railway Depot
1010:Recollections of Old Milestown
615:Recollections of Old Milestown
587:Miles City Chamber of Commerce
441:Yellowstone Expedition of 1873
241:
28:2 miles (3.2 km) west of
1:
1305:Thomas and Beulah Shore House
1228:Main Street Historic District
942:. Govt. Print. Off. pp.
167:Show map of the United States
417:Battle of the Little Bighorn
365:Battle of the Little Bighorn
1398:
1046:Terry Adams (2011-05-13).
1008:Gordon, Samuel (c. 1918).
1333:
1234:
843:"MONTANA - Custer County"
520:Fort Keogh was named for
260:
240:NRHP reference
120:
116:
107:
100:
96:
40:
26:
1280:Miles City Steam Laundry
1145:Fort Keogh History links
989:"milescity.com: history"
556:under Brigadier General
936:Gannett, Henry (1905).
413:George Armstrong Custer
340:, in the U.S. state of
1202:Custer County, Montana
1124:Barnes, Jeff. (2008).
716:Guinness World Records
700:
677:
669:
658:
610:
582:
517:
494:22nd Infantry Regiment
466:
448:Great Northern Railway
348:, at the mouth of the
309:Twenty-Second Infantry
227:10 acres (4.0 ha)
208:46.37556°N 105.88333°W
34:Custer County, Montana
1260:George M. Miles House
1139:Fort Keogh Collection
1073:"Range Riders Museum"
829:National Park Service
679:
675:
664:
656:
636:quartermaster's depot
591:
580:
515:
477:and the east-flowing
473:of the north-flowing
464:
361:5th Infantry Regiment
1325:William Harmon House
1265:Holy Rosary Hospital
626:20th-century history
554:Battle of Gettysburg
389:Department of Dakota
265:Garrison information
213:46.37556; -105.88333
1275:Locate Creek Bridge
1247:Historic properties
704:Miles City, Montana
502:Fort Hancock, Texas
204: /
181:Miles City, Montana
142:Show map of Montana
1362:History of Montana
1210:Historic districts
688:City of Miles City
678:
670:
659:
583:
546:American Civil War
518:
467:
334:United States Army
58:Controlled by
1349:
1348:
1054:. Great Falls, MT
970:on April 26, 2007
487:Montana Territory
479:Yellowstone River
427:to the plains of
359:, commanding the
346:Yellowstone River
327:
326:
1389:
1367:Forts in Montana
1240:
1191:
1184:
1177:
1168:
1121:
1119:
1118:
1112:
1094:
1089:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1079:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1052:The Prairie Star
1043:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1033:
1023:
1014:
1013:
1005:
999:
998:
996:
995:
985:
979:
978:
976:
975:
959:
948:
947:
933:
927:
926:
924:
923:
913:
907:
906:
904:
903:
893:
884:
883:
881:
880:
874:
865:
854:
853:
851:
850:
839:
833:
832:
815:
799:
792:
761:
749:
737:
569:Town development
530:7th U.S. Cavalry
498:8th U.S. Cavalry
454:(Sioux) and the
243:
219:
218:
216:
215:
214:
209:
205:
202:
201:
200:
197:
168:
162:
161:
155:
143:
137:
136:
130:
53:Site information
45:
36:
19:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1387:
1386:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1345:
1329:
1241:
1232:
1204:
1195:
1135:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1105:
1102:
1100:Further reading
1097:
1090:
1086:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1057:
1055:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1017:
1007:
1006:
1002:
993:
991:
987:
986:
982:
973:
971:
961:
960:
951:
935:
934:
930:
921:
919:
915:
914:
910:
901:
899:
895:
894:
887:
878:
876:
872:
867:
866:
857:
848:
846:
841:
840:
836:
831:. July 9, 2010.
817:
816:
812:
808:
803:
802:
793:
789:
784:
772:
765:
762:
753:
750:
741:
738:
729:
712:
710:Giant snowflake
648:Hereford cattle
628:
589:website noted:
571:
510:
429:eastern Montana
421:Nelson A. Miles
409:
357:Nelson A. Miles
323:
292:
289:, 22nd Infantry
287:Peter T. Swaine
280:Nelson A. Miles
271:
212:
210:
206:
203:
198:
195:
193:
191:
190:
172:
171:
170:
169:
166:
165:
164:
163:
146:
145:
144:
141:
140:
139:
138:
112:
103:
48:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1395:
1393:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1354:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1251:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1214:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1196:
1194:
1193:
1186:
1179:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1147:, USDA webpage
1142:
1134:
1133:External links
1131:
1130:
1129:
1122:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1095:
1084:
1064:
1038:
1015:
1000:
980:
949:
928:
908:
885:
855:
834:
809:
807:
804:
801:
800:
786:
785:
783:
780:
779:
778:
771:
768:
767:
766:
763:
756:
754:
751:
744:
742:
739:
732:
728:
725:
711:
708:
627:
624:
570:
567:
509:
506:
408:
405:
325:
324:
322:
321:
319:Eighth Cavalry
316:
314:Second Cavalry
311:
306:
304:Fifth Infantry
300:
298:
294:
293:
291:
290:
283:
282:, 5th Infantry
275:
273:
267:
266:
262:
261:
258:
257:
254:
250:
249:
244:
237:
236:
233:
229:
228:
225:
221:
220:
188:
184:
183:
178:
174:
173:
157:
156:
150:
149:
148:
147:
132:
131:
125:
124:
123:
122:
121:
118:
117:
114:
113:
108:
105:
104:
101:
98:
97:
94:
93:
88:
84:
83:
80:
76:
75:
72:
68:
67:
63:
62:
59:
55:
54:
50:
49:
46:
38:
37:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1394:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1344:
1340:
1337:
1332:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1239:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1192:
1187:
1185:
1180:
1178:
1173:
1172:
1169:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1123:
1109:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1093:
1088:
1085:
1074:
1068:
1065:
1053:
1049:
1042:
1039:
1028:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1011:
1004:
1001:
990:
984:
981:
969:
965:
958:
956:
954:
950:
945:
941:
940:
932:
929:
918:
912:
909:
898:
892:
890:
886:
871:
864:
862:
860:
856:
844:
838:
835:
830:
826:
825:
820:
814:
811:
805:
797:
791:
788:
781:
777:
774:
773:
769:
760:
755:
748:
743:
736:
731:
726:
724:
722:
718:
717:
709:
707:
705:
699:
695:
693:
689:
683:
674:
667:
663:
655:
651:
649:
644:
639:
637:
633:
625:
623:
620:
616:
609:
607:
603:
598:
596:
590:
588:
579:
575:
568:
566:
564:
559:
555:
551:
547:
542:
540:
535:
531:
527:
524:, a Captain (
523:
514:
507:
505:
503:
499:
495:
490:
488:
482:
480:
476:
472:
463:
459:
457:
453:
449:
444:
442:
437:
435:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
407:Establishment
406:
404:
402:
398:
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
353:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
301:
299:
295:
288:
284:
281:
277:
276:
274:
268:
263:
259:
256:March 8, 1978
255:
253:Added to NRHP
251:
248:
245:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
217:
189:
185:
182:
179:
175:
154:
129:
119:
115:
111:
106:
99:
95:
92:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
64:
61:United States
60:
56:
51:
44:
39:
35:
31:
25:
20:
1335:
1254:
1125:
1115:. Retrieved
1087:
1076:. Retrieved
1067:
1056:. Retrieved
1051:
1041:
1030:. Retrieved
1009:
1003:
992:. Retrieved
983:
972:. Retrieved
968:the original
938:
931:
920:. Retrieved
911:
900:. Retrieved
877:. Retrieved
847:. Retrieved
837:
822:
813:
795:
790:
714:
713:
701:
696:
684:
680:
640:
632:army remount
629:
614:
611:
599:
592:
586:
584:
572:
543:
539:Papal States
519:
491:
483:
475:Tongue River
468:
445:
438:
434:reservations
410:
393:
354:
350:Tongue River
332:is a former
329:
328:
177:Nearest city
87:Battles/wars
66:Site history
1300:Olive Hotel
606:Yellowstone
558:John Buford
522:Myles Keogh
516:Myles Keogh
385:Myles Keogh
211: /
199:105°53′00″W
187:Coordinates
91:Indian Wars
79:In use
1356:Categories
1270:Ismay Jail
1255:Fort Keogh
1117:2007-04-18
1078:2012-01-27
1058:2012-01-27
1032:2012-01-27
994:2012-01-27
974:2007-04-18
922:2012-01-27
902:2012-01-27
879:2007-04-18
849:2007-04-18
806:References
550:Union Army
471:confluence
381:Cantonment
338:Miles City
330:Fort Keogh
272:commanders
196:46°22′32″N
102:Fort Keogh
30:Miles City
22:Fort Keogh
1336:See also:
721:snowflake
666:Pronghorn
602:bay horse
82:1876–1924
770:See also
692:badlands
619:squatter
563:Comanche
508:Namesake
425:Nebraska
369:Cheyenne
355:Colonel
297:Garrison
285:Colonel
278:Colonel
247:78001680
727:Gallery
595:whiskey
534:Ireland
423:, from
415:at the
342:Montana
526:brevet
452:Lakota
377:Canada
1111:(PDF)
873:(PDF)
782:Notes
373:Sioux
232:Built
71:Built
1341:and
641:The
585:The
456:Crow
371:and
270:Past
235:1877
224:Area
74:1876
1200:in
944:129
242:No.
32:in
1358::
1050:.
1018:^
952:^
888:^
858:^
827:.
821:.
650:.
504:.
436:.
403:.
352:.
1190:e
1183:t
1176:v
1120:.
1081:.
1061:.
1035:.
997:.
977:.
946:.
925:.
905:.
882:.
852:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
