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consisted of a collection of log cabins, a brickyard and stables and had no fortifications or armory. The fort also had no prominent forms of defense due to its designed nature as a diplomatic establishment. Eventually, a central courtyard surrounded by thirty-two log cabins was constructed. In 1812, it was made defensive, enclosed, blockaded and cannons were placed outside.
346:, and followed established Native American trading paths. Many of these early settlers were drawn to the area by the easy access to navigable waterways and fertile soil that afforded ample areas for growing cotton. Some of these settlers ignored previously established boundary lines and settled on land claimed by the Chickasaw. The Chickasaw (through the family of
100:
70:
302:. As American settlement expanded west, Native American tribal territory and alliances evolved due to increased contact with the new settlers. Prior to being controlled by the newly formed United States, the current area of Limestone County was claimed at times by the Chickasaw, Cherokee, or the British. After defeating the
358:, and forced settlers to move out of Chickasaw territory. Even so, many settlers did not leave or soon returned, and Meigs suggested a permanent military presence would be required to prevent them from returning again. This resulted in the construction of Fort Hampton by the United States Army in the fall of 1810.
399:
After construction, Fort
Hampton was used as a base from which soldiers performed various duties, mostly road building, but also patrols and protection of Chickasaw property. The primary role of the troops was to keep settlers off Chickasaw lands, and as part of this process they burned the cabins
390:
Fort
Hampton was built on a hill southeast of the Elk River in what is now Limestone County, Alabama. This location was chosen due to its close proximity to the intruding settlements and to Melton's Bluff, a nearby community where it was originally intended to be built. Initially, the fort only
507:
After the
Chickasaw sold the territory surrounding Fort Hampton to the United States, the presence of U.S. troops was no longer needed and the military post at the fort was disbanded. Troops were sent to begin construction of the northern portion of the Jackson military road.
310:
in northwest
Alabama. In 1806, the Cherokee sold their claim on Limestone County, north of the Tennessee River, but the Chickasaw retained their rights to the land, causing a boundary to be created to separate Chickasaw land from land available for purchase and settlement.
465:, ordered soldiers and supplies from Fort Hampton to be sent to Jackson's forces. When these forces left, militia Captain John Allen's men occupied Fort Hampton for almost an entire year. In addition to his military service, Allen served as a
405:
511:
Some of the buildings of Fort
Hampton were still standing in 1821, but most were believed to have been moved from the original site. Fort Hampton was then used as a court site for Elk County, Mississippi Territory and Limestone County,
386:
to the Elk River region of North
Alabama. After a forty-eight day march in the middle of the summer, the soldiers arrived at the site of Fort Hampton without any tools, tents or other supplies, their barge of supplies delayed.
806:
403:
Fort
Hampton was initially garrisoned by a company of soldiers from the newly organized Regiment of Riflemen under Major John Fuller, but he was soon arrested and relieved of duty and Colonel Robert Purdy of the
426:
was stationed at Fort
Hampton after joining the United States Army in 1813. His brother Robert was the commanding officer of the 8th Infantry at the fort from 1816 until the fort was abandoned in 1817.
1189:
954:
442:
to reinforce the militia at
Huntsville and Captain McClellan and his troops at Fort Hampton. The attack never occurred, and after temporarily staying at Fort Hampton, Coffee proceeded to the
408:
assumed command. The
Regiment at the fort consisted of one hundred riflemen, Colonel Smyth, who assumed command when Purdy returned to his post, Captains George W. Sevier (son of
1209:
1204:
535:
The original site of Fort Hampton is now occupied by a private residence. A historical marker was placed by the Limestone County Historical Society on the shoulder of
350:) petitioned the United States to stop illegal settling of their land, and in response, the United States ordered these settlers to leave the area. In 1809, Colonel
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997:
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Immediately prior to contact with Europeans, the area that became Alabama was occupied by multiple groups of Native Americans, including the
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for the Chickasaw. Allen's men performed their duty without initially being paid, but were compensated within two years of their service.
265:, and once complete in the winter of 1810 both men visited the site. The fort was originally built to deter Americans from settling in
62:
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375:
127:
519:
A community of the same name developed around Fort Hampton and a post office operated under that name from 1861 to 1872. The
488:
843:
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in 2013. The fort site was positively identified and some artifacts related to the fort's military use were recovered.
487:
In August 1816, the 8th Infantry Regiment of the United States was stationed at Fort Hampton under the direction of
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543:
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The 1st Regiment of West Tennessee Volunteer Mounted Gunmen were briefly stationed at Fort Hampton en route to
383:
1096:
1034:
462:
20:
1148:
Journal of Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Session of the Right Worthy Grand Lodge of North America
476:
Fort Hampton in relation to other contemporary forts. Fort Hampton is located in the upper left corner.
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431:
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331:
306:(who had previously occupied the territory in the early 1700s), the Chickasaw gained control of the
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45:
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in October 1813, Andrew Jackson warned of a possible impending Creek attack on Fort Hampton and
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1125:
1111:
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513:
1127:
The Founding of Alabama: Background and Formative Period in the Great Bend and Madison County
1100:
999:
An Archaeological and Historical Study of Fort Hampton, Limestone County, Alabama (1809–1816)
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307:
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Wade Hampton ordered Major John Fuller and one hundred and four men (two companies) of the
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35:
273:. Later, it was used for United States governmental functions prior to being abandoned.
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This article is about the fort in Alabama. For the fort in North Carolina, see
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1027:"Fort Hampton the Riflemen and the Mississippi Territory Frontier 1808-1817"
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valley to scout out hostile Creeks and burn any villages his troops found.
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319:
291:
287:
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295:
1110:
Lindsay, George W.; Conley, Charles C.; Litchman, Charles H. (1893).
400:
of numerous early inhabitants of Limestone and Lauderdale counties.
1091:. Vol. 1. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Institution of Washington.
1082:. Vol. 2. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Institution of Washington.
1026:
249:
was a collection of log buildings and stables built in present-day
471:
365:
412:) and James McDonald, and Major Fuller until early 1811. Colonel
955:"The Big Dig: Limestone Native to Discuss the Real Fort Hampton"
844:"Regimental Histories of Tennessee Units During the War of 1812"
810:
Indian Land Tenure Foundation Initiative Treaty Signers Project
867:
865:
657:
655:
653:
580:
578:
576:
574:
1102:
Life and Achievements of Sam Houston: Hero and Statesman
1116:. Boston, Massachusetts: Fraternity Publishing Company.
1087:
Jackson, Andrew (1926) . Bassett, John Spencer (ed.).
561:
559:
1190:
Buildings and structures in Limestone County, Alabama
929:
1130:. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama Press.
1059:. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama Press.
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179:
171:
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1113:Official History of the Improved Order of Red Men
1005:(MA). University of West Florida. Archived from
420:was also stationed at Fort Hampton for a time.
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354:and a company of thirty soldiers marched from
1158:A Paradise of Blood: The Creek War of 1813–14
8:
1210:Military installations established in 1810
542:The site was excavated by a team from the
269:territory, then was garrisoned during the
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1205:1810 establishments in the United States
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438:. In response, Jackson ordered General
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449:When Jackson began offensives against
370:Alexander Smyth sketch of Fort Hampton
1215:History of United States expansionism
257:. It was named for Brigadier General
7:
1160:. Yardley, Pennsylvania: Westholme.
1025:Cole, Mark; Hoksbergen, Ben (2020).
848:Tennessee State Library and Archives
781:
99:
69:
930:Lindsay, Conley & Litchman 1893
16:American historical site in Alabama
525:Independent Order of Good Templars
50:Historical marker for Fort Hampton
14:
527:both had lodges in Fort Hampton.
318:are believed to have arrived via
1185:Pre-statehood history of Alabama
1089:Correspondence of Andrew Jackson
1080:Correspondence of Andrew Jackson
996:Chandler, Tonya Johnson (2014).
98:
91:
68:
61:
44:
1151:. Cleveland, Ohio: Grand Lodge.
1:
430:In a letter to Major General
201:Site occupied by private home
112:Show map of the United States
1105:. New York, New York: Hurst.
314:The first Anglo settlers in
330:. Other settlers came from
1236:
1055:Harris, W. Stuart (1977).
911:. Jim Forte Postal History
872:Cole & Hoksbergen 2020
807:"Signers – Allen, John L."
758:Cole & Hoksbergen 2020
710:Cole & Hoksbergen 2020
662:Cole & Hoksbergen 2020
585:Cole & Hoksbergen 2020
544:University of West Florida
406:7th United States Infantry
18:
1122:Roberts, Frances Cabaniss
521:Improved Order of Red Men
251:Limestone County, Alabama
55:
43:
33:
1145:Spencer, J. A. (1870).
1097:Lester, Charles Edwards
1074:Holmes, David (1927) .
484:in the winter of 1814.
1042:Cite journal requires
477:
418:39th Infantry Regiment
371:
1156:Weir, Howard (2016).
1076:Bassett, John Spencer
1057:Dead Towns of Alabama
497:7th Military District
475:
463:Mississippi Territory
384:Cantonment Washington
369:
253:, on a hill near the
143:34.80639°N 87.19861°W
38:in United States
21:Fort Macon State Park
850:. State of Tennessee
432:John Alexander Cocke
380:Regiment of Riflemen
491:, Andrew Jackson’s
444:Black Warrior River
356:Kingston, Tennessee
352:Return J. Meigs Sr.
148:34.80639; -87.19861
139: /
82:Show map of Alabama
909:"Limestone County"
478:
372:
222:United States Army
180:Controlled by
1195:War of 1812 forts
1167:978-1-59416-270-1
1137:978-0-8173-2043-0
961:. 16 January 2015
724:, pp. 25–26.
599:, pp. 11–13.
514:Alabama Territory
376:Brigadier General
244:
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1200:Forts in Alabama
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493:Adjutant General
308:Tennessee Valley
167:Site information
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324:Tennessee River
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263:Alexander Smyth
190:the public
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36:Athens, Alabama
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554:
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539:in the 1970s.
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499:of the South.
461:, governor of
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382:to march from
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348:George Colbert
340:North Carolina
336:South Carolina
328:East Tennessee
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980:Chandler 2014
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722:Chandler 2014
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698:Chandler 2014
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686:Chandler 2014
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597:Chandler 2014
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537:U.S. Route 72
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489:Robert Butler
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219:Built by
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162:Log buildings
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1088:
1079:
1056:
1035:cite journal
1014:. Retrieved
1007:the original
998:
975:
963:. Retrieved
958:
949:
942:Spencer 1870
937:
925:
913:. Retrieved
903:
891:
879:
852:. Retrieved
847:
842:Kanon, Tom.
837:
830:Roberts 2020
825:
813:. Retrieved
809:
801:
789:
777:
770:Jackson 1926
765:
753:
741:
734:Roberts 2020
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674:Roberts 2020
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486:
479:
459:David Holmes
448:
429:
422:
402:
398:
395:Military use
389:
373:
362:Construction
313:
285:
259:Wade Hampton
247:Fort Hampton
246:
245:
235:Battles/wars
206:Site history
188:Open to
106:Fort Hampton
76:Fort Hampton
29:Fort Hampton
794:Holmes 1927
746:Lester 1883
566:Harris 1977
482:New Orleans
455:New Orleans
440:John Coffee
424:Sam Houston
410:John Sevier
271:War of 1812
239:War of 1812
227:In use
146: /
122:Coordinates
1179:Categories
550:References
436:Huntsville
282:Background
134:87°11′55″W
131:34°48′23″N
1220:Chickasaw
782:Weir 2016
451:Pensacola
374:In 1810,
320:flatboats
300:Chickasaw
267:Chickasaw
255:Elk River
230:1810–1817
198:Condition
1124:(2020).
1099:(1883).
467:subagent
344:Virginia
292:Cherokee
1078:(ed.).
1016:19 June
990:Sources
965:19 June
915:22 June
854:22 June
815:25 June
531:Present
503:Postwar
495:of the
416:of the
332:Georgia
322:on the
304:Shawnee
296:Choctaw
277:History
183:Private
175:Private
1164:
1134:
1063:
342:, and
298:, and
1010:(PDF)
1003:(PDF)
326:from
288:Creek
211:Built
172:Owner
1162:ISBN
1132:ISBN
1061:ISBN
1048:help
1018:2021
967:2021
917:2021
856:2021
817:2021
523:and
453:and
214:1810
159:Type
261:by
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1037:}}
1033:{{
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1140:.
1069:.
1050:)
1046:(
1029:.
1020:.
969:.
919:.
858:.
819:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
