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329:. A second British attack three years later was more successful. The British forces occupied two hills overlooking Fort Saint Louis, Morne Garnier and Morne Tartenson. Fort Saint Louis, although strong on the seaward side, was ill-prepared to resist bombardment from above and an attack from the landward. The British were therefore able to force its surrender. During this and subsequent periods of British occupation, the fort bore the name Fort Edward.
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In 1677, Charles de La Roche-Courbon, comte de Blénac, became
Governor-General, holding the post until 1683. He was responsible for the 10-year effort that resulted in the building of a 487-meter wall around the peninsula, the wall being four meters high and two meters thick. Comte de Blénac served
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Admiral Louis Thomas
Villaret de Joyeuse, who had become Governor-General in September 1802, was still in office at the time of the British attack. A Court of Inquiry in Paris in December 1809 stripped the Admiral and some of his subordinates of their rank and honors, holding them responsible for
318:, used his vessel's guns to prevent the Dutch frigates from approaching the fort more closely, and the Dutch land forces from over-running the North Bastion. Today, the actions of Aycard, de Baas, de Gemozat and D'Amblimont are memorialized in structures in the fort that bear their names.
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led a Dutch fleet of eighteen warships, nine storeships, and fifteen troop transports bearing 3,400 soldiers in an attack on the fort. The attack lasted three days before the Dutch gave up. After the initial Dutch attack, Governor Sainte Marthe called a war council. Sieur de
Gemozat, the
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The active part of the fort includes the administrative buildings of the base, the service for naval constructions, the radio station of Pointe des Sables, ammunition storage facilities (at the end of Fort de France), and the Rivière Salée station (20 km away).
270:(1606-1658), nephew of Pierre Belain d'Esnambuc and first governor of Martinique, decided to have Fort Saint Louis built to protect the city against enemy attacks. The fort was soon destroyed, and rebuilt in 1669, when
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as
Governor-General again from June 1684 to February 1691, and again from 24 Nov 1691 until his death in 1696. His successor was the Marquis d'Amblimont, who had played an important role in the repulse of the Dutch.
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The
Governor-General of Martinique at the time was Donatien Marie Joseph de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau. The British occupied the fort from 22 May 1794 until September 1802 when the
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volunteered to undertake the capture without the help of the larger vessel. Despite facing heavy fire, he ran his sloop close under the walls. He and his ship's company used
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boats to land. The
British stormed the fort and captured it. Meanwhile, the boats of the British fleet captured Fort Royal and two days later Fort Bourbon capitulated.
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noticed that Fort Edward, as he termed it, appeared abandoned. He took a gig and with four men, landed, scaled the fort's walls, and hoisted a
British flag. Sir
207:(EDA-S) landing craft is to be delivered to naval forces based in Martinique by 2025. The landing craft is to better support coastal operations in the region.
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148:. The present-day fort has evolved from earlier strongholds that were erected on the site as early as 1638, and has been known in previous incarnations as
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returned
Martinique to French control, the British left and the fort resumed its name of Fort Royal. The French proceeded to construct a second fort,
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and the subsequent loss of the island. The
British occupied the fort from 21 February 1809 to 8 October 1814, and again briefly in 1815 after
302:(an engineering officer), was the only member to absolutely reject the option to surrender. Still, Captain Aycard, at ruinous personal cost,
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in charge of the navy and the naval air forces for the
Caribbean (COMAR ANTILLES). The forces based here include the surveillance frigates
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The life and correspondence of Admiral Sir Charles Napier, K.C.B., from personal recollections, letters, and official documents ...
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immediately landed marines to occupy the fort and turn its mortars, which its fleeing garrison had not spiked, against the French.
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238:, is not indigenous to Martinique and the reptiles are thought to have arrived by boat from either
164:. There are daily tours of the fort, though the portion that is still a naval base is off-limits.
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Between 1850 and 1896, the French installed a number of artillery pieces at the fort and at
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established a French colony in Martinique, which the company governed until 1650. In 1638,
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The British captured Martinique again in 1809. During their attack, Commander
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The fort has been home to many generations of a small but enduring colony of
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again returned Martinique to France. The fort was renamed Fort Saint Louis.
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488:"First Two EDA-S Next Gen Amphibious Landing Craft Delivered to French DGA"
223:, the island's capital city. It stands on a rocky peninsula at the edge of
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invaded Martinique, taking it after a 28-day campaign. By 20 March only
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his fully freighted ship to prevent the Dutch vessels from entering the
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156:. The modern-day Fort Saint Louis is both an active naval base and a
463:, and others, have 'Martinique 1809' as one of their battle honors.
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and thrived in the fort area after their release or escape.
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In January 1759, the fort repulsed a British attack led by
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Fort Saint Louis has a commanding view of the anchorage of
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was unable to get close, and so Commander Faulknor of
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615:1638 establishments in the French colonial empire
550:Napier, Edward Delaval Hungerford Elers (1862)
340:, on Morne Garnier to protect Fort Saint Louis.
514:West Indian Iguana Specialist Group Newsletter
16:Seaside Fortress in Fort-de-France, Martinique
355:Capture of Fort Saint Louis, Martinique, 1794
8:
205:Engins de Débarquement Amphibie – Standards
282:, the fort was built along the lines of a
455:. Several British regiments, such as the
172:Fort Saint Louis is under command of the
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
461:63rd (The West Suffolk) Regiment of Foot
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190:(F735), the patrol and support vessel
7:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
443:problems with the fortification of
376:still held out. Jervis ordered the
312:Thomas-Claude Renart de Fuschamberg
58:"Fort Saint Louis" Martinique
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610:Installations of the French Navy
343:In 1793, with the advent of the
264:Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique
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554:. (London: Hurst and Blackett).
332:On 11 February 1763, after the
276:Jean-Charles de Baas-Castelmore
34:needs additional citations for
505:i. delicatissima and i. iguana
364:In February 1794, the British
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254:In 1635, during the reign of
198:Confiance-class patrol vessel
289:On 19 July 1674, during the
125:Fort Saint Louis, Martinique
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400:to take Fort Saint Louis.
260:Pierre Belain d'Esnambuc
501:Breuil, Michel (2000).
268:Jacques Dyel du Parquet
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457:Royal Welsh Fusiliers
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291:Third Anglo-Dutch War
175:capitaine de vaisseau
154:Fort de la Republique
132:(often hyphenated as
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542:Napier (1862), p.17.
470:to protect the bay.
158:listed historic site
43:improve this article
600:Forts in Martinique
576:14.5999°N 61.0664°W
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424:Charles John Napier
389:(64 guns), and the
366:Admiral John Jervis
437:Alexander Cochrane
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225:Fort-de-France Bay
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581:14.5999; -61.0664
468:Pointe des Negres
345:French Revolution
327:Sir George Rodney
300:Lieutenant du Roi
295:Admiral de Ruyter
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528:14 February
445:Fort Desaix
378:fourth-rate
215:Environment
184:(F733) and
594:Categories
567:61°03′59″W
564:14°36′00″N
474:References
428:brig-sloop
374:Fort Royal
357:, Artist:
274:appointed
256:Louis XIII
168:Naval base
150:Fort Royal
146:Martinique
69:newspapers
272:Louis XIV
449:Napoleon
316:Les Jeux
308:Carénage
304:scuttled
286:design.
262:and the
187:Germinal
138:fortress
432:Recruit
426:of the
410:Zebra's
250:History
242:or the
181:Ventôse
83:scholar
459:, the
284:Vauban
162:France
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524:: 4–5
520:(1).
510:(PDF)
406:Zebra
397:Zebra
391:sloop
90:JSTOR
76:books
530:2012
522:IUCN
453:Elba
402:Asia
395:HMS
386:Asia
384:HMS
372:and
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160:of
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