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to do whatever necessary to bring first the
Mescalero and then the Navajo there. All of the Mescalero Apache had been relocated by the end of 1862, but the Navajo were not resettled in large numbers until early 1864. The Navajo refer to the journey from Navajo land to the Bosque Redondo as the
405:. You ask how they treated us? If there was room the soldiers put the women and children on the wagons. Some even let them ride behind them on their horses. I have never been able to understand a people who killed you one day and on the next played with your children...?"
424:
had planned only 5,000 would be there, so lack of sufficient food was an issue from the start. As the Navajo and
Mescalero Apache had long been enemies, their enforced proximity led to frequent open fighting. The environmental situation worsened. The
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thought that the Navajo should not be moved and that a reservation should be created on their own land. Some New Mexico citizens encouraged killing the Navajo or at least removing them from their lands. The 1865 and 1866
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was negotiated with the Navajo and they were allowed to return to their homeland, to a "new reservation". They were joined by the thousands of Navajo who had been hiding out in the
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397:. More than 300 Navajos died making the journey. It was a bitter memory to many Navajo. One man described it as follows: "By slow stages we traveled eastward by present
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for the numbers of people who were living there. The
Mescalero soon ran away; the Navajo stayed longer, but in May 1868 were permitted to return to their native lands.
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were forced to live because of accusations that they were raiding white settlements near their respective homelands. The fort was named for
General
542:. Congress had authorized the establishment of the memorial by the Secretary of Defense in 2000, making federal funds available for construction.
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364:, whom Carleton replaced, had first suggested that the Navajo people be moved to a series of reservations and be taught new skills. Some in
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valley. In subsequent years, they have expanded the "new reservation" into well over 16 million acres (65,000 km).
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hinterlands. This experience resulted in a more determined Navajo, and never again were they surprised by raiders of the
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A hundred years after the signing of the treaty that allowed the Navajo people to return to their original homes in the
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457:, or those strong enough to travel, managed to escape. The Navajo were not allowed to leave until May 1868 when the
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The Bosque
Redondo Memorial and Fort Sumner Historic Site are located 6.5 miles (10.5 km) southeast of
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491:. Maxwell rebuilt one of the officers' quarters into a 20-room house. On July 14, 1881, Sheriff
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problems, and disease quickly spread throughout the camp. Food was in short supply because of
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officers and Indian Agents realized that Bosque
Redondo was a failure, as it had poor
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New Mexico State
Historic Sites – Fort Sumner Historic Site/Bosque Redondo Memorial
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329:, a 1,600-square-mile (4,100 km; 1,000,000-acre) area where over 9,000
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The Army and the Navajo: The Bosque
Redondo Reservation Experiment 1863–1868
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454:
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National
Register of Historic Places listings in De Baca County, New Mexico
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689:. Thirtieth Anniversary Edition. Henry Holt and Company, 2000. pp. 28–29.
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Bury My Heart at
Wounded Knee: An Indian History of the American West
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When the Bosque Redondo was established, Gen. Carleton ordered Col.
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National Register of Historic Places in De Baca County, New Mexico
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Very Slim Man, Navajo elder, quoted by Richard Van Valkenburgh,
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Forts on the National Register of Historic Places in New Mexico
29:
557:, then 3.5 miles (5.6 km) south on Billy The Kid Road.
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Historic Sites (formerly State Monuments) division of the
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crop was sufficient, but in 1867 it was a total failure.
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from which are launched stratospheric balloons each year
725:"Public Law 106-511 – Title II–Bosque Redondo Memorial"
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initially justified the fort as offering protection to
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History of the NASA Scientific Balloon Flight Facility
764:. Tucson, Arizona: The University of Arizona Press.
416:
In April 1865 there were about 8,500 Navajo and 500
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authorized the construction of Fort Sumner. General
655:"Fort Sumner Historic Site/Bosque Redondo Memorial"
483:Fort Sumner was abandoned in 1869 and purchased by
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843:Ruins on the National Register of Historic Places
429:people did not have clean water; it was full of
401:and Shushbito, Bear spring, which is now called
461:agreed that Fort Sumner and the Bosque Redondo
853:1868 disestablishments in New Mexico Territory
449:failures, Army and Indian Agent bungling, and
751:Bosque Redondo – destination of the long walk
538:David N. Sloan was opened on the site as the
8:
848:1863 establishments in New Mexico Territory
575:National Register of Historic Places portal
714:John S. Watts, Wash. D.C., 1858, 66 pages.
348:was to be self-sufficient, while teaching
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787:New Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs
630:New Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs
528:New Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs
128:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
437:to cook with. The water from the nearby
285:populations from 1863 to 1868 at nearby
146:NM State Register of Cultural Properties
60:of all important aspects of the article.
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813:Military and war museums in New Mexico
674:https://www.newmexico.org/fort-sumner/
602:"National Register Information System"
499:in this house, now referred to as the
111:
56:Please consider expanding the lead to
863:Internment camps in the United States
833:History of De Baca County, New Mexico
818:Museums in De Baca County, New Mexico
325:. He also created the Bosque Redondo
7:
607:National Register of Historic Places
664:, New Mexico Historic Sites website
626:"About New Mexico's Historic Sites"
522:The property is now managed by the
515:Region, Fort Sumner was declared a
756:The Long Walk Trail Of The Navajos
712:Indian Depredations in New Mexico,
14:
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549:: 3 miles (4.8 km) east on
420:interned at Bosque Redondo. The
34:
277:charged with the internment of
48:may be too short to adequately
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58:provide an accessible overview
1:
838:History museums in New Mexico
109:United States historic place
18:Fort Sumner (disambiguation)
412:U.S. troops at Fort Sumner.
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22:
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760:Thompson, Gerald (1976).
530:. On June 4, 2005, a new
507:Fort Sumner Historic Site
453:activities. In 1865, the
210:NRHP reference
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118:
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519:State Monument in 1968.
470:Treaty of Bosque Redondo
390:Christopher "Kit" Carson
137:New Mexico Historic Site
23:Not to be confused with
547:Fort Sumner, New Mexico
540:Bosque Redondo Memorial
173:Fort Sumner, New Mexico
413:
257:Designated NMSRCP
95:34.40194°N 104.19472°W
702:, April, 1946, p. 23.
612:National Park Service
411:
297:On October 31, 1862,
182:50 acres (20 ha)
823:New Mexico Territory
676:, New Mexico website
303:James Henry Carleton
275:New Mexico Territory
249:Designated NMHS
100:34.40194; -104.19472
16:For other uses, see
808:Forts in New Mexico
636:on October 30, 2016
534:designed by Navajo
91: /
660:2016-06-13 at the
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487:and cattle baron
474:Arizona Territory
433:and there was no
356:how to be modern
339:Edwin Vose Sumner
335:Mescalero Apaches
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236:Significant dates
120:Fort Sumner Ruins
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729:uscode.house.gov
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632:. Archived from
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495:shot and killed
455:Mescalero Apache
418:Mescalero Apache
366:Washington, D.C.
350:Mescalero Apache
315:Mescalero Apache
313:valley from the
283:Mescalero Apache
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614:. July 9, 2010.
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465:was a failure.
381:and too little
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260:January 9, 1970
244:August 13, 1974
205:Alexander LaRue
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441:caused severe
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52:the key points
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551:U.S. Route 60
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501:Maxwell House
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732:. Retrieved
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685:Brown, Dee.
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640:December 22,
638:. Retrieved
634:the original
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513:Four Corners
510:
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403:Fort Wingate
387:
362:Edward Canby
343:
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223:NMSRCP
169:Nearest city
76:
63:
47:
45:lead section
493:Pat Garrett
463:reservation
439:Pecos River
346:reservation
327:reservation
311:Pecos River
267:Fort Sumner
163:Fort Sumner
98: /
86:104°11′41″W
25:Fort Sumter
802:Categories
745:References
734:2019-04-01
524:New Mexico
517:New Mexico
478:Rio Grande
443:intestinal
360:. General
83:34°24′07″N
536:architect
468:The 1868
459:U.S. Army
395:Long Walk
202:Architect
66:June 2023
50:summarize
658:Archived
561:See also
451:criminal
435:firewood
427:interned
383:firewood
323:Comanche
307:settlers
299:Congress
217:74001194
485:rancher
358:farmers
309:in the
293:History
192: (
768:
532:museum
431:alkali
399:Gallup
354:Navajo
331:Navajo
321:, and
279:Navajo
269:was a
589:Notes
379:water
319:Kiowa
187:Built
766:ISBN
642:2016
447:crop
422:Army
375:Army
371:corn
352:and
344:The
333:and
281:and
252:1968
194:1862
190:1862
179:Area
273:in
230:139
225:No.
212:No.
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