439:. On the morning of the attack, Beasley had received word that Fort Pierce was in imminent danger from Red Stick warriors. Beasley planned to dispatch eight to ten mounted men under Captain Hatton Middleton to determine the strength of the reported Red Stick force. It was falsely assumed Fort Pierce would be attacked prior to Fort Mims because Fort Pierce had lighter defenses. Instead, Fort Mims was attacked by the full force of Red Stick warriors and over 200 settlers, allied Creeks, and soldiers were killed. During the attack, Captain Dixon Bailey attempted to escape and obtain reinforcements from Fort Pierce, but he was prevented from doing so by other settlers in Fort Mims. The attack was heard as far away as Fort Pierce, where Lieutenant Montgomery reported that "the firing and yells of the Indians were distinctly heard at this post until after four o'clock in the afternoon when the firing ceased. It was impossible to render them any assistance from my small force." After their losses in the attack on Fort Mims, the Red Sticks abandoned their plan to attack Fort Pierce.
51:
81:
403:
88:
58:
317:), while the Red Sticks were supplied by the United Kingdom and Spain. In retaliation for American involvement, Red Sticks began attacking American settlers. In response, many of the settlers sought refuge in stockades. These stockades were often built around a settler's home and named for the settler who owned the surrounding land or home. The
442:
A few hours after the attack on Fort Mims, four men from Fort Pierce traveled to Fort Mims to observe the aftermath of the massacre. Montgomery then planned to abandon Fort Pierce and flee towards Mobile due to the perceived threat of another Red Stick attack. Montgomery initially decided to take the
458:
under the command of
Captain Uriah Blue arrived at the former site of Fort Pierce. The soldiers built a new fort on a hill near Pine Log Creek and named it Fort Pierce, even though it was not in the exact location as the previous Fort Pierce. Blue was commanded to search the surrounding area for any
431:
forts and their defenses. While en route to Fort Mims, the Red Stick war party was seen by a number of
American settlers and slaves. Most of these reported sightings were by occupants of Fort Pierce, which caused the military leadership of Fort Mims to feel that these sightings were falsely reported
470:
One month later, Lieutenant-Colonel George Henry Nixon requested a transfer to Fort Pierce and was granted his request by
General Claiborne. Prior to commanding Fort Pierce, Nixon was in command of the Mount Vernon Cantonment. While stationed at Fort Pierce, Nixon commanded soldiers who scoured the
308:
visited the Creeks in 1811, the Red Sticks embraced the call to oppose
American settlers and their culture. The United States entered the Creek War in hopes of preventing the Red Sticks from becoming allied with the United Kingdom. The American military was supported by local militias and allied
284:
The War of 1812 was fought between the United States (along with various allied Native
American tribes), and the United Kingdom, Spain (eventually involved), and various Native American tribes. Although the war initially took place in the northeastern part of the United States and southeastern
502:
that Red Sticks were still approaching (and being fired upon from), Fort Pierce. In June 1814, settlers from Fort Pierce came upon a house one mile from the fort and killed three Red Stick warriors. After this encounter, settlers in the area feared retaliatory Red Stick attacks.
432:
to ensure Fort Pierce would be supplied with additional military support. Fort Pierce was guarded by soldiers under the command of
Lieutenant Montgomery, who had been sent to Fort Pierce from the main body of troops under the command of Major Daniel Beasley at Fort Mims.
447:, but remaining Red Stick warriors in the area prevented this route. Fort Pierce's occupants left its protective walls on August 30 and traveled by land to Mobile, arriving three days later. After Fort Pierce was abandoned Red Stick warriors burned the entire structure.
270:
warriors. A new fort of the same name was then built by the United States military in preparation for further action in the War of 1812, but the fort was essentially abandoned within a few years. Nothing exists at the site today.
393:
under the command of
Lieutenant Andrew Montgomery. In addition to the militia and volunteers, local settlers, slaves, and allied Creeks took refuge in Fort Pierce, bringing the total occupants of the fort to around 200 persons.
418:
who assisted in the
American attack had taken refuge inside. The Red Sticks initially planned a simultaneous attack on Fort Pierce along with their attack on Fort Mims. While planning the attacks on Fort Mims and Pierce,
296:, who opposed a centralized Creek national government and opposed encroachment of American settlers, versus those who supported a centralized Creek national government and were accepting of European culture (such as
389:, and eventually, Fort Pierce. By August 1813, the fort was garrisoned by settlers from the surrounding region and was additionally strengthened by Mississippi Territory Volunteers from the area of
1369:
1268:
Creek Indian
History: A Historical Narrative of the Genealogy, Traditions and Downfall of the Ispocoga Or Creek Indian Tribe of Indians by One of the Tribe, George Stiggins (1788–1845)
1323:
1379:
1394:
992:
955:
479:
on
December 23, a group of mounted militia riflemen were sent to Fort Pierce to join their regiment who was already garrisoned there. By January 1814, Nixon wrote to
292:
The Creek War began in 1813 as a regional conflict of the War of 1812. The war initially pitted two rival factions of the Creek tribe against each other: the
1364:
494:
The soldiers in Fort Pierce continued to have sporadic engagements with Red Stick warriors throughout 1814. In a May 1814 letter, Brigadier General
321:
essentially brought the Creek War to a close, but various skirmishes and conflicts between Red Sticks and settlers continued, culminating in the
495:
1345:
1230:
1208:
1169:
1114:
553:"Peirce" is the proper spelling of the surname of the original builders of the fort. Most contemporary sources used the spelling of "Pierce."
451:
529:
In addition to United States Army soldiers, the 1st and 2nd Regiment West Tennessee Militia were stationed at Fort Pierce at various times.
424:
80:
361:
on Pine Log Creek in response to news of Red Stick attacks on American settlers. This stockade was located about two miles southeast of
537:
The site of Fort Pierce has not undergone formal archaeological investigation. The fort site is located within a private hunting camp.
1312:
1276:
1133:
50:
1199:
Parker, James W. (2012b). "Appendix 2: Known and Potential Archaeological Sites in Alabama". In Braund, Kathryn E. Holland (ed.).
115:
518:
militia, Mississippi Territory volunteers, Chickasaw, Choctaw, and friendly Creeks (accompanied by Samuel Moniac, father of
20:
986:
949:
483:, the governor of Mississippi Territory, requesting a surgeon's mate for Fort Pierce. Nixon also requested power to
1384:
507:
459:
remaining Red Sticks, but erroneously reported there were none left. On November 10, Blue was commanded by General
366:
322:
230:
1374:
511:
480:
460:
970:
1148:
266:. The fort was originally built by settlers in the Mississippi Territory to protect themselves from attacks by
297:
251:
318:
510:. After the Battle of Pensacola, Jackson again made Fort Pierce his headquarters and ordered troops from
476:
378:
255:
600:
435:
On August 30, 1813, an estimated 750 Red Stick warriors attacked Fort Mims in what became known as the
246:(also spelled Peirce or Pearce and also known as Peirce's Mill or Pierce's Stockade), was two separate
1043:
1144:
390:
286:
420:
370:
1389:
436:
362:
1341:
1308:
1272:
1253:
1226:
1218:
1204:
1165:
1129:
1110:
1241:
933:
651:
1096:
499:
1181:"Investigations Relative to the 19th Century Tensaw Military Frontier in Southwest Alabama"
1100:
374:
365:, which was the protective stockade constructed around the home of Samuel Mims. After the
334:
35:
1223:
History of Alabama, and Incidentally of Georgia and Mississippi, from the Earliest Period
1104:
523:
515:
506:
In October 1814, General Andrew Jackson made Fort Pierce his headquarters prior to the
488:
373:
feared the Red Sticks would begin retaliatory attacks on settlers in the area north of
487:
mutinous soldiers at the fort. After serving at Fort Pierce, Nixon was transferred to
414:
After the Battle of Burnt Corn Creek, Red Sticks planned to attack Fort Mims, as some
1358:
1287:
484:
472:
455:
444:
846:
402:
519:
428:
629:
1266:
464:
407:
386:
338:
263:
221:
1330:
Submitted by the Center for Archaeological Studies University of South Alabama.
1328:(Technical report). Montgomery, Alabama: Alabama Department of Transportation.
463:
to withdraw from Fort Pierce and rejoin his regiment (which was being moved to
345:
in the area, and John founded one of the first recorded schools in what is now
382:
354:
342:
293:
1257:
130:
117:
333:
In the early 1800s, John and William Peirce moved to the area of modern-day
314:
259:
226:
652:"National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form"
415:
350:
305:
267:
247:
1180:
1159:
358:
346:
310:
301:
285:
Canada, conflicts soon reached into the southeastern United States and
1153:. Vol. 2. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Institution of Washington.
871:
869:
867:
675:
673:
671:
669:
1295:(Technical report). Washington, D. C.: National Park Service. 4.
1305:
A Conquering Spirit: Fort Mims and the Redstick War of 1813–1814
1044:"Regimental Histories of Tennessee Units During the War of 1812"
19:
This article is about the fort in Alabama. For other uses, see
1286:
Stowe, Noel R.; Hoyt, Marvin (1975). Olsen, Susan C. (ed.).
903:
901:
899:
1325:
Archaeological Survey of the Old Federal Road in Alabama
1201:
Tohopeka: Rethinking the Creek War & the War of 1812
349:. In 1813, the Peirce brothers constructed a protective
1265:
Stiggins, George (1989). Brown, Virginia Pounds (ed.).
801:
799:
886:
884:
726:
724:
583:
581:
1271:. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama Press.
1203:. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama Press.
1128:. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama Press.
443:
40 men and 164 women and children to Mobile via the
1370:
Buildings and structures in Baldwin County, Alabama
875:
679:
214:
206:
198:
190:
185:
175:
167:
159:
154:
146:
109:
28:
973:. Letter to Benjamin Hawkins. Alabama Headquarters
1225:. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: Willo Publishing Company.
1109:. Chicago, Illinois: Donohue & Henneberry.
1322:Waselkov, Gregory; Christopher, Raven (2012).
1307:. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama.
1338:A Paradise of Blood: The Creek War of 1813–14
847:"To the editor of the Mississippi republican"
8:
1380:1813 establishments in Mississippi Territory
991:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
954:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
932:Nixon, George H., Lt Col (January 1, 1814).
840:
838:
410:. Fort Pierce is located in the bottom left.
1242:"'Frontier Armageddon' at Bloody Fort Mims"
919:
1395:Military installations established in 1813
1164:. Gainesville, Florida: Library Press@UF.
845:Claiborne, Ferdinand L. (March 25, 1814).
25:
969:Graham, Joseph, Brig Gen (May 17, 1814).
691:
1289:Archeological Investigation at Fort Mims
766:
754:
715:
703:
572:
450:On October 8, 1813, a detachment of the
401:
1080:
1068:
1029:
1017:
1005:
907:
817:
565:
546:
1297:Archeological Completion Report Series
984:
947:
805:
790:
778:
742:
587:
16:United States historic site in Alabama
730:
623:
621:
7:
1340:. Yardley, Pennsylvania: Westholme.
1048:Tennessee State Library and Archives
890:
829:
341:. William operated one of the first
309:Native Americans (including Creeks,
1158:Owsley, Frank Lawrence Jr. (2008).
377:. Claiborne sent soldiers from the
250:forts built in 1813 in present-day
87:
57:
467:), leaving Fort Pierce abandoned.
14:
1161:Struggle for the Gulf Borderlands
936:. Letter to Governor David Holmes
522:), to search the area around the
1365:Pre-statehood history of Alabama
1150:Correspondence of Andrew Jackson
934:"Operations at Pierces Stockade"
86:
79:
56:
49:
876:Waselkov & Christopher 2012
680:Waselkov & Christopher 2012
262:, which was part of the larger
1106:The Creek War of 1813 and 1814
526:for any remaining Red Sticks.
423:was provided information from
381:to supplement the militias in
202:Mississippi Territory settlers
1:
1303:Waselkov, Gregory A. (2006).
971:"Continued Red Stick attacks"
632:. Alabama Humanities Alliance
100:Show map of the United States
654:. Department of the Interior
21:Fort Pierce (disambiguation)
427:from Fort Pierce about the
1411:
1124:Harris, W. Stuart (1977).
475:for Red Sticks. After the
406:Map of Alabama during the
367:Battle of Burnt Corn Creek
18:
43:
33:
1143:Jackson, Andrew (1927).
630:"Creek War of 1813–1814"
920:Halbert & Ball 1895
605:USS Constitution Museum
379:Mount Vernon Cantonment
252:Baldwin County, Alabama
851:Mississippi Republican
601:"War of 1812 Overview"
411:
319:Treaty of Fort Jackson
1336:Weir, Howard (2016).
1240:Smith, Derek (1990).
1219:Pickett, Albert James
1179:Parker, Jim (2012a).
1145:Bassett, John Spencer
1126:Dead Towns of Alabama
692:Stowe & Hoyt 1975
477:Battle of Holy Ground
452:7th Infantry Regiment
405:
256:Mississippi Territory
131:31.14944°N 87.81806°W
38:in United States
1050:. State of Tennessee
287:Spanish West Florida
508:Battle of Pensacola
421:William Weatherford
371:Ferdinand Claiborne
323:Battle of Pensacola
298:subsistence farming
231:Battle of Pensacola
136:31.14944; -87.81806
127: /
70:Show map of Alabama
987:cite press release
950:cite press release
437:Fort Mims massacre
412:
168:Controlled by
1385:War of 1812 forts
1347:978-1-59416-270-1
1232:978-1-363-31084-5
1210:978-0-8173-5711-5
1171:978-1-947372-34-4
1116:978-1-375-70277-5
628:Braund, Kathryn.
241:
240:
1402:
1375:Forts in Alabama
1351:
1332:
1318:
1299:
1294:
1282:
1261:
1236:
1214:
1195:
1185:
1175:
1154:
1139:
1120:
1084:
1078:
1072:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1039:
1033:
1027:
1021:
1015:
1009:
1003:
997:
996:
990:
982:
980:
978:
966:
960:
959:
953:
945:
943:
941:
929:
923:
917:
911:
905:
894:
888:
879:
873:
862:
861:
859:
857:
842:
833:
827:
821:
815:
809:
803:
794:
788:
782:
776:
770:
764:
758:
752:
746:
740:
734:
728:
719:
713:
707:
701:
695:
689:
683:
677:
664:
663:
661:
659:
648:
642:
641:
639:
637:
625:
616:
615:
613:
611:
597:
591:
585:
576:
570:
554:
551:
500:Benjamin Hawkins
155:Site information
142:
141:
139:
138:
137:
132:
128:
125:
124:
123:
120:
101:
90:
89:
83:
71:
60:
59:
53:
39:
26:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1399:
1355:
1354:
1348:
1335:
1321:
1315:
1302:
1292:
1285:
1279:
1264:
1239:
1233:
1217:
1211:
1198:
1188:Escambia Echoes
1183:
1178:
1172:
1157:
1142:
1136:
1123:
1117:
1095:
1092:
1087:
1083:, pp. 263.
1079:
1075:
1067:
1063:
1053:
1051:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1032:, pp. 100.
1028:
1024:
1016:
1012:
1004:
1000:
983:
976:
974:
968:
967:
963:
946:
939:
937:
931:
930:
926:
922:, pp. 244.
918:
914:
910:, pp. 573.
906:
897:
893:, pp. 266.
889:
882:
874:
865:
855:
853:
844:
843:
836:
832:, pp. 193.
828:
824:
820:, pp. 534.
816:
812:
804:
797:
789:
785:
777:
773:
769:, pp. 108.
765:
761:
757:, pp. 114.
753:
749:
741:
737:
729:
722:
718:, pp. 109.
714:
710:
706:, pp. 104.
702:
698:
690:
686:
678:
667:
657:
655:
650:
649:
645:
635:
633:
627:
626:
619:
609:
607:
599:
598:
594:
586:
579:
575:, pp. 306.
571:
567:
563:
558:
557:
552:
548:
543:
535:
512:Fort Montgomery
461:Thomas Flournoy
400:
331:
282:
277:
237:
178:the public
177:
135:
133:
129:
126:
121:
118:
116:
114:
113:
105:
104:
103:
102:
99:
98:
97:
96:
95:
91:
74:
73:
72:
69:
68:
67:
66:
65:
61:
36:Tensaw, Alabama
34:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1408:
1406:
1398:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1357:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1346:
1333:
1319:
1313:
1300:
1283:
1277:
1262:
1237:
1231:
1215:
1209:
1196:
1176:
1170:
1155:
1140:
1134:
1121:
1115:
1097:Halbert, Henry
1091:
1088:
1086:
1085:
1073:
1071:, pp. 11.
1061:
1034:
1022:
1020:, pp. 86.
1010:
1008:, pp. 10.
998:
961:
924:
912:
895:
880:
878:, pp. 86.
863:
834:
822:
810:
808:, pp. 39.
795:
793:, pp. 36.
783:
781:, pp. 35.
771:
759:
747:
745:, pp. 34.
735:
733:, pp. 49.
720:
708:
696:
694:, pp. 11.
684:
682:, pp. 85.
665:
643:
617:
592:
590:, pp. 47.
577:
564:
562:
559:
556:
555:
545:
544:
542:
539:
534:
531:
524:Escambia River
516:East Tennessee
489:Fort Claiborne
425:runaway slaves
399:
396:
330:
327:
281:
278:
276:
273:
258:), during the
239:
238:
236:
235:
234:
233:
218:
216:
212:
211:
208:
204:
203:
200:
196:
195:
192:
188:
187:
183:
182:
179:
173:
172:
169:
165:
164:
161:
157:
156:
152:
151:
148:
144:
143:
111:
107:
106:
93:
92:
85:
84:
78:
77:
76:
75:
63:
62:
55:
54:
48:
47:
46:
45:
44:
41:
40:
31:
30:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1407:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1349:
1343:
1339:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1326:
1320:
1316:
1314:0-8173-1491-1
1310:
1306:
1301:
1298:
1291:
1290:
1284:
1280:
1278:0-942301-15-3
1274:
1270:
1269:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1234:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1182:
1177:
1173:
1167:
1163:
1162:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1137:
1135:0-8173-1125-4
1131:
1127:
1122:
1118:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1101:Ball, Timothy
1098:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1082:
1077:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1062:
1049:
1045:
1038:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1002:
999:
994:
988:
972:
965:
962:
957:
951:
935:
928:
925:
921:
916:
913:
909:
904:
902:
900:
896:
892:
887:
885:
881:
877:
872:
870:
868:
864:
852:
848:
841:
839:
835:
831:
826:
823:
819:
814:
811:
807:
802:
800:
796:
792:
787:
784:
780:
775:
772:
768:
767:Stiggins 1989
763:
760:
756:
755:Waselkov 2006
751:
748:
744:
739:
736:
732:
727:
725:
721:
717:
716:Waselkov 2006
712:
709:
705:
704:Waselkov 2006
700:
697:
693:
688:
685:
681:
676:
674:
672:
670:
666:
653:
647:
644:
631:
624:
622:
618:
606:
602:
596:
593:
589:
584:
582:
578:
574:
573:Waselkov 2006
569:
566:
560:
550:
547:
540:
538:
532:
530:
527:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
504:
501:
497:
496:Joseph Graham
492:
490:
486:
485:court-martial
482:
478:
474:
473:Perdido River
468:
466:
462:
457:
456:Fort Stoddert
453:
448:
446:
445:Alabama River
440:
438:
433:
430:
426:
422:
417:
409:
404:
397:
395:
392:
388:
385:, Fort Mims,
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
353:around their
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
328:
326:
324:
320:
316:
312:
307:
303:
300:). After the
299:
295:
290:
288:
279:
274:
272:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
232:
228:
225:
224:
223:
220:
219:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
199:Built by
197:
193:
189:
184:
180:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
153:
150:Stockade fort
149:
145:
140:
112:
108:
82:
52:
42:
37:
32:
27:
22:
1337:
1329:
1324:
1304:
1296:
1288:
1267:
1249:
1245:
1222:
1200:
1191:
1187:
1160:
1149:
1125:
1105:
1081:Parker 2012b
1076:
1069:Parker 2012a
1064:
1052:. Retrieved
1047:
1042:Kanon, Tom.
1037:
1030:Jackson 1927
1025:
1018:Jackson 1927
1013:
1006:Jackson 1927
1001:
975:. Retrieved
964:
938:. Retrieved
927:
915:
908:Pickett 1878
854:. Retrieved
850:
825:
818:Pickett 1878
813:
786:
774:
762:
750:
738:
711:
699:
687:
656:. Retrieved
646:
634:. Retrieved
608:. Retrieved
604:
595:
568:
549:
536:
528:
520:David Moniac
505:
493:
481:David Holmes
471:area of the
469:
449:
441:
434:
429:Tensaw River
413:
398:Military use
332:
329:Construction
291:
283:
243:
242:
215:Battles/wars
186:Site history
176:Open to
806:Owsley 2008
791:Owsley 2008
779:Owsley 2008
743:Owsley 2008
588:Harris 1977
465:New Orleans
408:War of 1812
387:Fort Easley
343:cotton gins
339:New England
264:War of 1812
244:Fort Pierce
222:War of 1812
207:In use
134: /
110:Coordinates
94:Fort Pierce
64:Fort Pierce
29:Fort Pierce
1359:Categories
731:Smith 1990
561:References
383:Fort Glass
369:, General
355:grist mill
315:Chickasaws
294:Red Sticks
280:Background
122:87°49′05″W
119:31°08′58″N
1390:Creek War
1258:0004-2455
1054:April 23,
940:April 24,
891:Weir 2016
830:Weir 2016
498:wrote to
363:Fort Mims
260:Creek War
227:Creek War
210:1813–1814
1221:(1878).
1103:(1895).
351:stockade
311:Choctaws
306:Tecumseh
304:warrior
248:stockade
1147:(ed.).
1090:Sources
658:May 13,
636:May 12,
610:May 12,
533:Postwar
391:Natchez
359:sawmill
347:Alabama
302:Shawnee
275:History
171:Private
163:Private
1344:
1311:
1275:
1256:
1229:
1207:
1168:
1132:
1113:
977:May 6,
856:May 6,
375:Mobile
335:Tensaw
313:, and
254:(then
1293:(PDF)
1252:(1).
1184:(PDF)
541:Notes
454:from
416:métis
337:from
268:Creek
191:Built
160:Owner
1342:ISBN
1309:ISBN
1273:ISBN
1254:ISSN
1246:Army
1227:ISBN
1205:ISBN
1194:(6).
1166:ISBN
1130:ISBN
1111:ISBN
1056:2023
993:link
979:2023
956:link
942:2023
858:2023
660:2023
638:2023
612:2023
357:and
194:1813
147:Type
1361::
1250:40
1248:.
1244:.
1192:39
1190:.
1186:.
1099:;
1046:.
989:}}
985:{{
952:}}
948:{{
898:^
883:^
866:^
849:.
837:^
798:^
723:^
668:^
620:^
603:.
580:^
514:,
491:.
325:.
289:.
229:,
181:No
1350:.
1317:.
1281:.
1260:.
1235:.
1213:.
1174:.
1138:.
1119:.
1058:.
995:)
981:.
958:)
944:.
860:.
662:.
640:.
614:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
